independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
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Israel in the wilderness — all shared the sacraments, most fell 10:1–5
vv. 1–4 — the fivefold 'all': cloud, sea, Moses-baptism, food, drink
1
Οὐ θέλω γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί,independent — the disclosure formula — γάρ grounds the discipline-warning of 9:24–27
ὅτι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν πάντες ὑπὸ τὴν νεφέλην ἦσανcontent — the first 'all' — the pillar of cloud (Exod 13:21)
καὶ πάντες διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆλθον,content — the second 'all' — the Red Sea crossing (Exod 14)
2
καὶ πάντες εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσθησαν ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ καὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ,content — the third 'all' — a baptism-type: into Moses as into Christ (Rom 6:3)
3
καὶ πάντες τὸ αὐτὸ πνευματικὸν βρῶμα ἔφαγον,content — the fourth 'all' — the manna (Exod 16), counterpart to the bread of v. 16
4
καὶ πάντες τὸ αὐτὸ πνευματικὸν ἔπιον πόμα·content — the fifth 'all' — water from the rock (Exod 17; Num 20)
ἔπινον γὰρ ἐκ πνευματικῆς ἀκολουθούσης πέτρας,cause — the source explained — imperfect of repeated drinking; the 'following' rock of Jewish tradition
ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός.phrase modifier — the christological identification — a δέ-gloss on the rock: type shading into presence
v. 5 — the adversative verdict
5
ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν ηὐδόκησεν ὁ θεός,independent — the hinge — grim litotes: of that generation only Caleb and Joshua entered
κατεστρώθησαν γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.cause — the proof of displeasure — corpses strewn across the desert (Num 14:16 LXX)
Types for us — the four warnings and the faithful God 10:6–13
vv. 6–10 — τύποι: do not crave as they craved
6
Ταῦτα δὲ τύποι ἡμῶν ἐγενήθησαν,independent — the hermeneutic named — the events themselves became patterns
εἰς τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἐπιθυμητὰς κακῶν,purpose — εἰς τό + infinitive — craving (Num 11) the root sin of the catalogue
καθὼς κἀκεῖνοι ἐπεθύμησαν.comparative — the negative pattern — the graves of craving (Num 11:34)
7
μηδὲ εἰδωλολάτραι γίνεσθε,independent — prohibition 1 — the sin nearest the Corinthian case
καθώς τινες αὐτῶν·comparative — elliptical — the recurring 'some of them' (vv. 7–10)
ὥσπερ γέγραπται·comparative — the citation formula — the golden calf clinched from Scripture
Ἐκάθισεν ὁ λαὸς φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν,content — Exod 32:6 LXX — the calf-feast: eating and drinking, pointedly apt
καὶ ἀνέστησαν παίζειν.content — Exod 32:6 — παίζειν, idolatrous revelry
8
μηδὲ πορνεύωμεν,independent — prohibition 2 — Paul folds himself in with the hortatory plural
καθώς τινες αὐτῶν ἐπόρνευσαν,comparative — Baal-Peor (Num 25) — idolatry and fornication interlocked
καὶ ἔπεσαν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ εἴκοσι τρεῖς χιλιάδες.comparative — the sequel inside the comparison — Num 25:9; ἔπεσαν anticipates v. 12's πέσῃ
9
μηδὲ ἐκπειράζωμεν τὸν Χριστόν,independent — prohibition 3 — the critical text's τὸν Χριστόν: the wilderness Christ of v. 4
καθώς τινες αὐτῶν ἐπείρασαν,comparative — the complaint against the manna (Num 21:5)
καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ὄφεων ἀπώλλυντο.comparative — the sequel — imperfect: perishing one after another (Num 21:6)
10
μηδὲ γογγύζετε,independent — prohibition 4 — discontent ranked with idolatry, aimed at a complaining church
καθάπερ τινὲς αὐτῶν ἐγόγγυσαν,comparative — καθάπερ varies the refrain — the murmurings of Num 14; 16
καὶ ἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τοῦ ὀλοθρευτοῦ.comparative — the sequel — the destroying angel (cf. Exod 12:23)
vv. 11–13 — written for us: the warning and the way out
11
ταῦτα δὲ τυπικῶς συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις,independent — inclusio with v. 6 — the events happened typologically
ἐγράφη δὲ πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν,independent — the double claim — happened to them, written for us
εἰς οὓς τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων κατήντηκεν.relative — on ἡμῶν — the eschatological urgency: the ages' climax has arrived (perfect)
12
Ὥστε ὁ δοκῶν ἑστάναι βλεπέτωindependent — the inference — aimed at Corinthian self-confidence (ὁ δοκῶν)
μὴ πέσῃ.content — clause of apprehension after βλεπέτω — the fatal 'falling' of v. 8
13
πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος·independent — the reassurance — asyndeton sets comfort beside threat; trials human-sized
πιστὸς δὲ ὁ θεός,independent — verbless — the ground of confidence is God's fidelity, not their strength
ὃς οὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι ὑπὲρ ὃ δύνασθε,relative — the limit — divine restraint on the trial
ἀλλὰ ποιήσει σὺν τῷ πειρασμῷ καὶ τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν.relative — the exit — ἔκβασις; the goal is endurance, not exemption
Flee idolatry — the Lord's table and the table of demons 10:14–22
vv. 14–18 — the argument from the shared table
14
Διόπερ, ἀγαπητοί μου, φεύγετε ἀπὸ τῆς εἰδωλολατρίας.independent — the governing command — Διόπερ gathers vv. 1–13; φεύγετε as at 6:18
15
ὡς φρονίμοις λέγω·independent — the appeal to their prized discernment — compliment and challenge
κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι.independent — emphatic ὑμεῖς — weigh the argument yourselves
16
τὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας ὃ εὐλογοῦμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία ἐστὶν τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ;independent — premise 1 — οὐχί expects 'yes'; κοινωνία the load-bearing word
τὸν ἄρτον ὃν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐστιν;independent — the parallel question — cup first, matching the polemic of v. 21
17
ὅτι εἷς ἄρτος,cause — fronted ὅτι-ground, verbless — leans on the clause below
ἓν σῶμα οἱ πολλοί ἐσμεν·independent — the corollary — the one loaf makes the many one body (cf. 12:12)
οἱ γὰρ πάντες ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἄρτου μετέχομεν.cause — the ground — μετέχω, the verbal counterpart of κοινωνία
18
βλέπετε τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα·independent — premise 2 — historic Israel's cultus as the parallel case
οὐχ οἱ ἐσθίοντες τὰς θυσίας κοινωνοὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου εἰσίν;independent — the principle — eating a sacrifice allies the eater with the altar
vv. 19–22 — demons behind the idols: the two cups
19
τί οὖν φημι;independent — the diatribe self-question — forestalling a misreading of 8:4
ὅτι εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν,content — rejected alternative 1 — the food has no power in itself
ἢ ὅτι εἴδωλόν τί ἐστιν;content — rejected alternative 2 — the idol is still 'nothing' (8:4)
20
ἀλλ' ὅτι ἃ θύουσιν τὰ ἔθνη, δαιμονίοις καὶ οὐ θεῷ θύουσιν·content — the real point — Deut 32:17 LXX: demons stand behind the 'nothing' idol
οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς κοινωνοὺς τῶν δαιμονίων γίνεσθαι.independent — the apostolic will — κοινωνός again (v. 18), now with demons
21
οὐ δύνασθε ποτήριον κυρίου πίνειν καὶ ποτήριον δαιμονίων·independent — the incompatibility — moral impossibility, not mere prohibition
οὐ δύνασθε τραπέζης κυρίου μετέχειν καὶ τραπέζης δαιμονίων.independent — the parallel blow — cup ‖ cup, table ‖ table, in asyndeton
22
ἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν κύριον;independent — the Song of Moses echo (Deut 32:21) — idol-flirtation as Israel's apostasy
μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν;independent — μή expects 'no' — the absurd presumption exposed
Liberty and the other's conscience — all to the glory of God 10:23–33
vv. 23–24 — the slogan bounded by the other's good
23
Πάντα ἔξεστιν,independent — the Corinthian slogan cited (cf. 6:12)
ἀλλ' οὐ πάντα συμφέρει·independent — the first counter — the criterion of benefit
πάντα ἔξεστιν,independent — the slogan granted a second time
ἀλλ' οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ.independent — the second counter — edification, the criterion of love (8:1)
24
μηδεὶς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ζητείτω ἀλλὰ τὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου.independent — the governing maxim — liberty measured by the neighbor's good
vv. 25–30 — market, dinner, and the informer: the casuistry
25
πᾶν τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον ἐσθίετεindependent — ruling 1 — the macellum: liberty is real
μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν·participial — manner — do not put the food 'on trial' (ἀνακρίνω, a forensic term)
26
τοῦ κυρίου γὰρ ἡ γῆ καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς.content — Ps 24:1 (LXX 23:1) — the creational warrant, quoted as the γάρ-ground of the permission
27
εἴ τις καλεῖ ὑμᾶς τῶν ἀπίστωνconditional — ruling 2, protasis — leans on the command below
καὶ θέλετε πορεύεσθαι,conditional — coordinate protasis — attendance itself left free
πᾶν τὸ παρατιθέμενον ὑμῖν ἐσθίετεindependent — the apodosis — the same standing permission as v. 25
μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν.participial — the refrain — no probing into the food's history
28
ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ·conditional — the exception, protasis — leans on the prohibition below
Τοῦτο ἱερόθυτόν ἐστιν,content — the informer's words quoted — ἱερόθυτον, the neutral pagan term (early reading)
μὴ ἐσθίετε δι' ἐκεῖνον τὸν μηνύσαντα καὶ τὴν συνείδησιν·independent — the apodosis — abstain for the other, not because the food changed
29
συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ ἑτέρου.independent — the clarification — whose conscience v. 28 meant: the informer's
ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως;cause — the defense — read as Paul's own voice: yielding is love's act, not liberty's surrender
30
εἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω,conditional — protasis — leans on the question below
τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ;cause — apodosis — the defense continued: thanksgiving consecrates the gift (cf. 1 Tim 4:4)
vv. 31–33 — the rule of God's glory and Paul's example
31
εἴτε οὖν ἐσθίετε εἴτε πίνετε εἴτε τι ποιεῖτε,conditional — the εἴτε-alternatives, protasis-style — leaning on the rule below
πάντα εἰς δόξαν θεοῦ ποιεῖτε.independent — the summative rule — the highest criterion over benefit and even the neighbor's good
32
ἀπρόσκοποι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γίνεσθε καὶ Ἕλλησιν καὶ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ,independent — the corollary — the threefold scope embraces everyone, outsider and insider
33
καθὼς κἀγὼ πάντα πᾶσιν ἀρέσκω,comparative — the apostolic example — accommodation in things indifferent (cf. 9:22)
μὴ ζητῶν τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ σύμφορον ἀλλὰ τὸ τῶν πολλῶν,participial — manner — Paul living the maxim of v. 24 (ζητέω, σύμφορον echoing συμφέρει)
ἵνα σωθῶσιν.purpose — the aim of it all — the salvation of the many, leading into 11:1
Analysis. The chapter reads in four textures, and the colors separate them at a glance. Verses 1–5 are one suspended disclosure: a single purple main clause — Οὐ θέλω γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν — carries a five-line blue content column, the πάντες anaphora of shared privilege (under the cloud, through the sea, baptized into Moses, the same food, the same drink), deepening through the γάρ of the following rock to the gloss ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός; then ἀλλά snaps back flush left for the verdict, with the corpses (κατεστρώθησαν γάρ) hanging beneath it. Verses 6–10 alternate flush purple prohibitions with blue comparative lines — each καθώς τινες αὐτῶν trailing its body-count — and the Exod 32:6 citation hangs from the one word γέγραπται; vv. 11–13 close the movement with the ὥστε warning and the πιστὸς δὲ ὁ θεός promise, whose twin relative lines (οὐκ ἐάσει / ἀλλὰ ποιήσει) balance limit and exit. Verses 14–22 are diatribe: flush questions (the cup, the bread, the altar, τί οὖν φημι;) with the ὅτι-alternatives indented under φημι and the real answer (ἀλλ' ὅτι… δαιμονίοις) hanging beside them, resolved by the two flat οὐ δύνασθε hammer-blows and the Deut 32 jealousy questions. Verses 23–33 return to slogan-and-rebuttal — the Πάντα ἔξεστιν lines flush left, countered clause for clause — with olive protases (εἴ τις καλεῖ, ἐὰν δέ τις εἴπῃ, εἴτε οὖν) leaning forward over their rulings. Cruxes the layout takes a side on: ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός is nested as a δέ-gloss on πέτρας (the pre-existent Christ read as really present to Israel, cohering with the critical text's τὸν Χριστόν in v. 9, kept here); the ὅτι of v. 17 is taken as a fronted causal leaning forward — 'because there is one loaf, we the many are one body' — rather than as a continuation of v. 16; the Ps 24:1 line in v. 26 grounds the church's own liberty (the Byzantine repetition after v. 28 is not in this text); the questions of vv. 29b–30 are read as Paul's own defense of liberty (why should love's free abstention surrender freedom to another's verdict?), not as an objector's protest; and συνείδησις in v. 28 is anticipatorily the other's conscience, as v. 29a immediately defines.