independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The salutation 1:1–2
1
Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ καὶ Τιμόθεος ὁ ἀδελφὸςindependent — the senders — the contested title asserted first, grounded in God's will
τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ οὔσῃ ἐν Κορίνθῳ,phrase modifier — the addressees — God's church, not a faction's
σὺν τοῖς ἁγίοις πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἀχαΐᾳ·phrase modifier — the circle widened to the whole province
2
χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.independent — the fixed blessing — Father and Lord one source
The benediction — the God of all comfort 1:3–7
vv. 3–4 — the berakah: comfort received, comfort made transitive
3
Εὐλογητὸς ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,independent — the berakah in place of a thanksgiving — verbless
ὁ πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως,phrase modifier — double apposition — raḥămîm-mercies; the section's keyword sounded
4
ὁ παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν,participial — on ὁ θεός — God's habitual comforting
εἰς τὸ δύνασθαι ἡμᾶς παρακαλεῖν τοὺς ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεωςpurpose — εἰς τό + infinitive — comfort given to be passed on
ἧς παρακαλούμεθα αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ.relative — attracted relative (ἧς) — the channel is the supply
vv. 5–7 — the proportion: sufferings and comfort overflow together, and you share both
5
ὅτι καθὼς περισσεύει τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς,comparative — ὅτι + καθώς — the ground opens as a proportion; leans on the οὕτως line below
οὕτως διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ περισσεύει καὶ ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν.cause — the apodosis carries the ὅτι-ground of v. 4 — Christ the channel of both
6
εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα,conditional — first εἴτε — leans on the ὑπέρ line below
ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως καὶ σωτηρίας·independent — verbless apodosis — his loss, their gain
εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα,conditional — second εἴτε — the alternative reaches the same goal
ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεωςindependent — verbless apodosis — the same ὑπέρ
τῆς ἐνεργουμένης ἐν ὑπομονῇ τῶν αὐτῶν παθημάτωνparticipial — attributive — comfort as operative power, proved in endurance
ὧν καὶ ἡμεῖς πάσχομεν.relative — attracted relative (ὧν) — one lot shared by apostle and church
7
καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν,independent — verbless — the blessing's settled conclusion
εἰδότες ὅτι ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων,participial — causal participle with its ὅτι-content — the ὡς half of a correlation
οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως.comparative — the οὕτως half — elliptical: sharers again
The affliction in Asia — the God who raises the dead 1:8–11
vv. 8–9 — the crushing in Asia and its design: trust unlearned from self
8
Οὐ γὰρ θέλομεν ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, ὑπὲρ τῆς θλίψεως ἡμῶν τῆς γενομένης ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ,independent — the disclosure formula — fresh, weighty news
ὅτι καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὲρ δύναμιν ἐβαρήθημεν,content — epexegetic ὅτι — the affliction spelled out
ὥστε ἐξαπορηθῆναι ἡμᾶς καὶ τοῦ ζῆν·purpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result (no result key; filed as purpose)
9
ἀλλὰ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου ἐσχήκαμεν,independent — ἀλλά emphatic — the inward death-verdict (ἀπόκριμα)
ἵνα μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖςpurpose — the design of the crisis — self-reliance broken
ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ τῷ ἐγείροντι τοὺς νεκρούς·phrase modifier — elliptical counterpart — the resurrection God, the true footing
vv. 10–11 — delivered, and to be delivered — your prayers joined in
10
ὃς ἐκ τηλικούτου θανάτου ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς καὶ ῥύσεται,relative — past rescue the pledge of future — ῥύσεται read with the editions
εἰς ὃν ἠλπίκαμενrelative — second relative on the same antecedent — hope fixed (perfect)
ὅτι καὶ ἔτι ῥύσεται,content — the content of the hope — deliverance yet again
11
συνυπουργούντων καὶ ὑμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῇ δεήσει,participial — genitive absolute — the Corinthians folded into the rescue
ἵνα ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν.purpose — the goal — thanksgiving multiplied; πρόσωπον ('faces/persons') left in its density
The boast of sincerity 1:12–14
12
Ἡ γὰρ καύχησις ἡμῶν αὕτη ἐστίν,independent — the cataphoric αὕτη — the boast about to be defined
τὸ μαρτύριον τῆς συνειδήσεως ἡμῶν,phrase modifier — apposition — the boast is an inner verdict
ὅτι ἐν ἁπλότητι καὶ εἰλικρινείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλ' ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ, ἀνεστράφημεν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ,content — the conscience's content — ἁπλότητι read (SBLGNT/THGNT) against NA28's ἁγιότητι
περισσοτέρως δὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς.phrase modifier — the comparative coda — Corinth saw it most
13
οὐ γὰρ ἄλλα γράφομεν ὑμῖν ἀλλ' ἢ ἃ ἀναγινώσκετε ἢ καὶ ἐπιγινώσκετε·independent — the γάρ ground — no hidden meaning; the read/understand wordplay
ἐλπίζω δὲindependent — the hope verb — singular, personal
ὅτι ἕως τέλους ἐπιγνώσεσθε,content — the content of the hope — understanding made complete and lasting
14
καθὼς καὶ ἐπέγνωτε ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ μέρους,comparative — the partial recognition already won
ὅτι καύχημα ὑμῶν ἐσμενcontent — what full understanding will grasp — mutual boasting
καθάπερ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἡμῶν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ.comparative — καθάπερ — elliptical reciprocity, vindicated on the Day
The changed plans defended — God's Yes in Christ 1:15–22
vv. 15–17 — the double-visit plan, and the charge of fickleness
15
Καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πεποιθήσει ἐβουλόμην πρότερον πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλθεῖν,independent — the imperfect ἐβουλόμην — a plan formed, then altered
ἵνα δευτέραν χάριν σχῆτε,purpose — the aim — a doubled benefit
16
καὶ δι' ὑμῶν διελθεῖν εἰς Μακεδονίαν,content — the route, leg one — complementary infinitive
καὶ πάλιν ἀπὸ Μακεδονίας ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶςcontent — leg two — the return visit
καὶ ὑφ' ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν.content — leg three — προπέμπω, the church as sponsor of the journey
17
τοῦτο οὖν βουλόμενοςparticipial — sentence-opening participle — leans on the question below
μήτι ἄρα τῇ ἐλαφρίᾳ ἐχρησάμην;independent — μήτι — expects 'no'
ἢ ἃ βουλεύομαι κατὰ σάρκα βουλεύομαι,independent — the charge sharpened — planning κατὰ σάρκα
ἵνα ᾖ παρ' ἐμοὶ τὸ Ναὶ ναὶ καὶ τὸ Οὒ οὔ;purpose — the fleshly planner's mark — a word that affirms and denies together
vv. 18–20 — the oath: God's Yes in Christ, the church's Amen
18
πιστὸς δὲ ὁ θεὸςindependent — verbless oath-asseveration
ὅτι ὁ λόγος ἡμῶν ὁ πρὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ ἔστιν Ναὶ καὶ Οὔ.content — what the oath guarantees — no self-cancelling word
19
ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ γὰρ υἱὸς Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸςindependent — the subject suspended — the predicate waits two lines
ὁ ἐν ὑμῖν δι' ἡμῶν κηρυχθείς,participial — the founding proclamation
δι' ἐμοῦ καὶ Σιλουανοῦ καὶ Τιμοθέου,phrase modifier — the 'us' named — the founding trio (Acts 18:5)
οὐκ ἐγένετο Ναὶ καὶ Οὒindependent — the predicate arrives — no ambiguity in the proclaimed one
ἀλλὰ Ναὶ ἐν αὐτῷ γέγονεν.independent — perfect γέγονεν — the Yes stands established
20
ὅσαι γὰρ ἐπαγγελίαι θεοῦ,relative — fronted correlative — leans on the Ναί line below
ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ Ναί·independent — verbless — every promise affirmed in Christ
διὸ καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τὸ Ἀμὴν τῷ θεῷ πρὸς δόξαν δι' ἡμῶν.independent — the church's answering word — worship routed through Christ and the ministry
vv. 21–22 — the God who confirms: anointed, sealed, the Spirit as down payment
21
ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς θεός,independent — verbless predication — βεβαιῶν echoes βεβαία (v. 7); χρίσας puns on Χριστόν
22
ὁ καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶςparticipial — the seal — ownership, authentication, protection
καὶ δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν.participial — the ἀρραβών — the Spirit as first installment; genitive of apposition
Why he did not come — sparing, not lording 1:23–24
23
Ἐγὼ δὲ μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχήν,independent — the oath — Paul's life staked on the truth
ὅτι φειδόμενος ὑμῶν οὐκέτι ἦλθον εἰς Κόρινθον.content — the real reason — mercy, not vacillation; φειδόμενος causal
24
οὐχ ὅτι κυριεύομεν ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως,independent — οὐχ ὅτι — the disclaimer: 'sparing' is not lordship
ἀλλὰ συνεργοί ἐσμεν τῆς χαρᾶς ὑμῶν,independent — the counter-thesis — συνεργοί, alongside not above
τῇ γὰρ πίστει ἑστήκατε.cause — the ground — their own faith is their footing (perfect ἑστήκατε)
Analysis. 2 Corinthians 1 opens verbless — superscription, grace-and-peace, berakah — and then runs on παράκλησις: from the flush-left Εὐλογητός line a chain descends (the Father-of-mercies apposition, the ὁ παρακαλῶν participle, the εἰς τό purpose, the attracted ἧς relative), and 'comfort' recurs ten times in five verses, so the shape itself shows comfort received becoming comfort passed on. Verse 6 is drawn as two olive εἴτε protases leaning forward onto verbless ὑπέρ-apodoses — whichever way Paul's lot falls, the line beneath reads 'for your comfort.' In vv. 8–11 the disclosure verb carries a deepening stair: ὅτι-content, ὥστε-result, then from the death-sentence clause a second stair descends through ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ to the double relative ὅς / εἰς ὅν and, five levels down, the genitive absolute of the Corinthians' prayers with the many-faces thanksgiving beneath — rescue rendered as one long dependent chain. The travel-plans panel is diatribe-like: the μήτι and ἤ questions sit flush left, and πιστὸς δὲ ὁ θεός answers as a verbless oath. Cruxes the layout takes a side on: v. 5's ὅτι is causal, its ground carried by the οὕτως line; v. 8's ὅτι is read as the content of the disclosure (epexegetic of the affliction), not causal; the ὥστε result infinitive is filed under the purpose key for want of a result type; v. 12 prints ἁπλότητι (SBLGNT/THGNT) against NA28's ἁγιότητι; v. 17's doubled τὸ Ναὶ ναὶ καὶ τὸ Οὒ οὔ is read as the self-cancelling Yes-and-No of a fickle word, not an allusion to the dominical 'let your yes be yes'; v. 19 is drawn as a suspended subject — the Son announced, the preachers appended, the predicate arriving two lines later; v. 20's ὅσαι line is a fronted correlative leaning on the verbless 'in him is the Yes'; and v. 21's ὁ βεβαιῶν … θεός is verbless predication — God the answer to every participle of establishing, anointing, sealing, and down payment.