Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 5ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ Ε′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἀνὴρ δέ τις Ἁνανίας ὀνόματι σὺν Σαπφείρῃ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπώλησεν κτῆμα

But a certain man named Ananias, together with Sapphira his wife, sold a piece of property,

Contrast / new episodeδέA mild adversative opening a new narrative panel in sharp contrast to the generosity of Barnabas (4:36–37). Ananias is introduced fully — name, wife, action — before any evaluation is given.
Ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject (delayed introduction)ἀνήρ: 'man/husband'; here the masculine human member of the couple, paired with γυνή.
δέbut/nowpost-positive conjunction (contrast/development)
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun, attributive to Ἀνήρ
ἉνανίαςAnaniasNominativenominative of address / apposition (proper name)Ἁνανίας: Aram. Hananiah, 'Yahweh is gracious'; ironic in context.
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of respectὄνομα: 'name'; the dative ὀνόματι with a proper name is a standard Lucan introduction.
σύνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
ΣαπφείρῃSapphiraDativeobject of σύν (accompaniment)Σαπφείρη: from Aram. šappîrâ, 'beautiful/sapphire'; the name underscores narrative irony.
τῇtheDativearticle
γυναικὶwifeDativeapposition to Σαπφείρῃγυνή: 'woman/wife'; signals shared culpability — the plan was joint.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐπώλησενsoldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πωλέωmain verb→ constative aorist (single completed transaction)πωλέω: 'to sell'; the aorist summarizes the property transaction as a whole.
κτῆμαa propertyAccusativedirect objectκτῆμα: 'possession, piece of land'; LXX usage often of landed property.
2

καὶ ἐνοσφίσατο ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς, συνειδυίης καὶ τῆς γυναικός, καὶ ἐνέγκας μέρος τι παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔθηκεν.

and kept back part of the proceeds, his wife also knowing about it; and bringing a certain part, he laid it at the apostles' feet.

Continuation (narrative development)καίTwo coordinated actions — the secret withholding and the public presentation — are narrated in sequence, with a parenthetical absolute participle flagging Sapphira's complicity. The gesture of laying at the apostles' feet (cf. 4:35,37) is performed hypocritically.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐνοσφίσατοkept back / embezzledAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · νοσφίζομαιmain verb→ constative aorist (completed deceitful act)νοσφίζομαι: 'to set apart for oneself, misappropriate'; LXX Josh 7:1 uses the cognate of Achan's sin — a deliberate echo.
ἀπόfrompreposition + genitive (separation/source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
τιμῆςprice / proceedsGenitivegenitive of source (after ἀπό)τιμή: 'price, honor'; here the sale price of the property.
συνειδυίηςknowing togetherPerf Act Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · σύνοιδαgenitive absolute (circumstantial, attendant knowledge)→ intensive perfect (settled state of shared knowledge)σύνοιδα: 'to know together with, be privy to'; the perfect participle implies ongoing complicity.
καίalsoadverbial conjunction (additive)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (genitive absolute)
γυναικόςwifeGenitivesubject of genitive absolute
καίandcoordinative conjunction (resumptive)
ἐνέγκαςbringingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · φέρωattendant circumstance participle (before main verb)→ constative aorist participleφέρω: 'to bring, carry'; the aorist participle is antecedent to ἔθηκεν.
μέροςpartAccusativedirect object of ἐνέγκαςμέρος: 'part, portion'; emphasizes the incompleteness of the gift.
τιa certainAccusativeindefinite pronoun, attributive
παράatpreposition + accusative (location beside)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobject of παρά (established formula for submission)πούς: 'foot'; 'at the apostles' feet' is a recurring Acts idiom for submission/deference (4:35,37; 7:58).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἀποστόλωνapostlesGenitivepossessive genitiveἀπόστολος: 'sent one, apostle'; the official representatives whose authority Ananias deceives.
ἔθηκενhe laid / placedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιmain verb→ constative aorist (decisive public action)τίθημι: 'to place, lay down'; echoes the vocabulary of 4:35,37.
3

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος· Ἁνανία, διατί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ χωρίου;

But Peter said, 'Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the price of the land?'

Confrontation / divine disclosureδέPeter's rhetorical question functions as a verdict: he attributes Ananias's inner motivation to Satanic influence and names the act as lying to the Holy Spirit. The Spirit's divine personhood is the theological fulcrum of the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aorist
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (contrast/development)
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: 'Rock'; Simon Peter, here exercising prophetic authority on behalf of the community.
ἉνανίαAnaniasVocativevocative of address
διατίwhyinterrogative adverb
ἐπλήρωσενfilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πληρόωverb of the embedded question→ constative aorist (completed act of Satanic influence)πληρόω: 'to fill'; Satan 'filling' the heart echoes LXX idiom; cf. Luke 22:3 (entering Judas).
theNominativearticle
ΣατανᾶςSatanNominativesubject of ἐπλήρωσενΣατανᾶς: from Heb. śāṭān, 'adversary'; personal agent behind the deception.
τήνtheAccusativearticle
καρδίανheartAccusativedirect object of ἐπλήρωσενκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of will and moral decision in Hebrew/Greek anthropology.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ψεύσασθαίto lie toAor Mid Inf · ψεύδομαιinfinitive of result / purpose (after ἐπλήρωσεν)→ constative aorist infinitiveψεύδομαι: 'to lie, deceive'; the object τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον identifies the deceived party as the Spirit.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
τόtheAccusativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritAccusativeobject of ψεύσασθαίπνεῦμα: 'spirit/Spirit'; here clearly the divine Holy Spirit; the lie to the Spirit is identified with a lie to God in v.4.
τόtheAccusativearticle
ἅγιονholyAccusativeattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; the collocation τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον is the standard Acts designation.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
νοσφίσασθαιto keep backAor Mid Inf · νοσφίζομαιsecond infinitive coordinated with ψεύσασθαί→ constative aorist infinitiveνοσφίζομαι: repeats the verb of v.2; the echo deliberately ties the action to its evaluation.
ἀπόfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
τιμῆςpriceGenitivegenitive of source
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
χωρίουland / fieldGenitivegenitive of source / possessionχωρίον: 'piece of ground, field'; same word as the 'Field of Blood' in Acts 1:18–19.
4

οὐχὶ μένον σοὶ ἔμενεν καὶ πραθὲν ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν; τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο; οὐκ ἐψεύσω ἀνθρώποις ἀλλὰ τῷ θεῷ.

While it remained, did it not remain your own? And when it was sold, was it not under your authority? Why is it that you have conceived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to men but to God.'

Elaboration / verdictasyndetonTwo rhetorical questions establish that the sin is not the withholding itself (the property was his to do with as he wished) but the deliberate deception — the lie was not a social offence against the apostles but a theological offence against God, equating the Holy Spirit with God.
οὐχίwas it notnegative interrogative particle (expects 'yes')
μένονremainingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Neut · μένωconditional participle (temporal/conditional: 'while remaining')→ imperfective aspect (ongoing state)μένω: 'to remain, stay'; emphasizes that the property was not under obligation to be sold.
σοίyoursDativedative of possession
ἔμενενit remainedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · μένωmain verb of the first question→ progressive imperfect (continuous possession)
καίandcoordinative conjunction
πραθένhaving been soldAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Neut · πιπράσκωtemporal participle ('when sold')→ constative aorist participleπιπράσκω: 'to sell'; aorist passive participle — once sold, still in his authority.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
σῇyourDativepossessive adjective, attributive
ἐξουσίᾳauthority / powerDativeobject of ἐν (sphere of authority)ἐξουσία: 'authority, right, power'; the point is that the sin was not economic failure to give everything, but deliberate lying.
ὑπῆρχενit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπάρχωmain verb of the second question→ progressive imperfect (ongoing reality)ὑπάρχω: 'to exist, be'; a Lucan favorite; here denoting continuing possession.
τίwhyinterrogative pronoun (causal)
ὅτιthatcausal/explanatory conjunction (with τί)
ἔθουyou set / conceivedAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · τίθημιmain verb of the third question→ constative aorist (deliberate single act of will)τίθημι: 'to place'; ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τίθεσθαι = 'to set in the heart, to plan deliberately'; a Hebrew idiom.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
καρδίᾳheartDativeobject of ἐν (location of decision)
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
τόtheAccusativearticle
πρᾶγμαdeed / thingAccusativedirect object of ἔθουπρᾶγμα: 'deed, matter, affair'; deliberately vague — the full weight falls on τοῦτο.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative pronoun, attributive
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐψεύσωyou have liedAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · ψεύδομαιmain verb→ constative aorist (decisive verdict)ψεύδομαι: 'to lie, deceive'; the verdict is stark and permanent: this was a lie to God.
ἀνθρώποιςto menDativedative of indirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; the contrast with τῷ θεῷ underscores the theological gravity.
ἀλλάbutadversative conjunction (strong contrast)
τῷtoDativearticle
θεῷGodDativedative of indirect objectθεός: 'God'; equating the Holy Spirit (v.3) with God is the passage's central theological claim.
5

ἀκούων δὲ ὁ Ἁνανίας τοὺς λόγους τούτους πεσὼν ἐξέψυξεν· καὶ ἐγένετο φόβος μέγας ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας.

Now when Ananias heard these words, he fell down and breathed his last. And great fear came upon all who heard about it.

Immediate consequenceδέThe verdict is instantaneously executed by divine action (Peter does not pronounce a death sentence). The note of fear on all who hear serves a double narrative function: it establishes the holiness required of the community and signals the seriousness of the Spirit's presence.
ἀκούωνhearingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωtemporal participle ('while/when hearing')→ imperfective aspect (coincident with the main verb)ἀκούω: 'to hear'; the present participle underscores that judgment falls in the very act of hearing.
δέnowpost-positive conjunction (development)
theNominativearticle
ἉνανίαςAnaniasNominativesubject
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούωνλόγος: 'word, statement'; τοὺς λόγους τούτους refers to Peter's accusation of vv.3–4.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative pronoun, attributive
πεσώνfallingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πίπτωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle (sudden collapse)πίπτω: 'to fall'; the sudden collapse is the physical sign of divine judgment.
ἐξέψυξενbreathed his last / expiredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκψύχωmain verb→ constative aorist (instantaneous death)ἐκψύχω: 'to breathe out, expire'; a rare Lucan medical-sounding term, used of Ananias, Sapphira (v.10), and Herod (12:23).
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aorist (sudden onset)γίνομαι: 'to come to be, happen'; ἐγένετο φόβος is a Septuagintal construction.
φόβοςfearNominativesubject of ἐγένετοφόβος: 'fear, awe'; used throughout Acts as the community's response to divine power (2:43; 5:5,11; 19:17).
μέγαςgreatNominativepredicate adjective (attributive to φόβος)μέγας: 'great'; the collocation φόβος μέγας is a Septuagintalism for the fear of the numinous.
ἐπίuponpreposition + accusative (extension over)
πάνταςallAccusativeobject of ἐπί
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀκούονταςthose hearingPres Act Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · ἀκούωsubstantival participle (object of ἐπί)→ imperfective aspect (ongoing circle of hearers)ἀκούω: 'to hear'; the participle is substantival — those who heard the news.
6

ἀναστάντες δὲ οἱ νεώτεροι συνέστειλαν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξενέγκαντες ἔθαψαν.

And the young men rose and wrapped him up, and after carrying him out, they buried him.

Continuation (narrative)δέThe burial is done with hurried efficiency by the younger men, presumably a recognized group of attendants in the community. The quickness underscores judgment's finality; there is no mourning described.
ἀναστάντεςrisingAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participleἀνίστημι: 'to rise, stand up'; here a physical action of readiness.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
νεώτεροιyounger menNominativesubjectνέος (comparative νεώτερος): 'young, younger'; possibly a defined group of attendants within the community.
συνέστειλανwrapped upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συστέλλωmain verb→ constative aorist (completed preparation)συστέλλω: 'to wrap, shroud'; used of preparing a body for burial.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐξενέγκαντεςcarrying outAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐκφέρωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participleἐκφέρω: 'to carry out'; the body is taken outside the city for burial.
ἔθαψανthey buriedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θάπτωmain verb→ constative aoristθάπτω: 'to bury'; the swift burial without family ceremony is deliberate narrative detail.
7

Ἐγένετο δὲ ὡς ὡρῶν τριῶν διάστημα καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ μὴ εἰδυῖα τὸ γεγονὸς εἰσῆλθεν.

Now after an interval of about three hours, his wife also came in, not knowing what had happened.

Temporal transitionδέThe three-hour interval is narratively precise — enough time for the burial to be completed before Sapphira's unwitting arrival. Her ignorance of events will be tested by Peter's question.
Ἐγένετοit came aboutAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'to come to be'; ἐγένετο … καί introduces the next event in Septuagintal narrative style.
δέnowpost-positive conjunction
ὡςaboutadverb of approximation
ὡρῶνhoursGenitivegenitive of measureὥρα: 'hour'; the genitive with διάστημα expresses a span of time.
τριῶνthreeGenitivenumeral adjective
διάστημαintervalNominativesubject of ἐγένετοδιάστημα: 'interval, gap'; a precise temporal marker unique in the NT to this passage.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
theNominativearticle
γυνήwifeNominativesubject of εἰσῆλθεν
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
μήnotnegative particle (with participle)
εἰδυῖαknowingPerf Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · οἶδαcircumstantial participle (manner/condition: 'not knowing')→ intensive perfect (state of knowledge)οἶδα: 'to know'; the perfect has present meaning. Her ignorance is ironic given her prior knowledge of the plot (v.2).
τόtheAccusativearticle
γεγονόςwhat had happenedPerf Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · γίνομαιsubstantival participle (object of εἰδυῖα)→ intensive perfect (completed event with present reality)γίνομαι: 'to happen, come about'; the perfect participle indicates the event is a settled reality she does not know.
εἰσῆλθενcame inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist (entry into the room)εἰσέρχομαι: 'to enter, come in'; Sapphira enters the same room where the judgment fell on her husband.
8

ἀπεκρίθη δὲ πρὸς αὐτὴν Πέτρος· Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ τοσούτου τὸ χωρίον ἀπέδοσθε. ἡ δὲ εἶπεν· Ναί, τοσούτου.

And Peter replied to her, 'Tell me, did you sell the land for such a price?' And she said, 'Yes, for that price.'

Testing / confrontationδέPeter does not tell her what happened; he gives her an opportunity to tell the truth. Her confirmation of the lie seals her fate. The symmetry between husband and wife — and the two judicial encounters — is formally deliberate.
ἀπεκρίθηrepliedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (deponent)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'to answer, respond'; deponent in NT Greek.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of πρός
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject
ΕἰπέtellAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λέγωimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (begin to tell me)λέγω: 'to say, tell'; the imperative frames the question as a formal demand for testimony.
μοιmeDativedative of indirect object
εἰwhetherindirect question particle
τοσούτουfor such a priceGenitivegenitive of priceτοσοῦτος: 'so great/such'; the genitive of price asks if the named sum was the full amount.
τόtheAccusativearticle
χωρίονland / fieldAccusativesubject of ἀπέδοσθε
ἀπέδοσθεyou soldAor Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀποδίδωμιmain verb of the question→ constative aoristἀποδίδωμι: 'to give back, hand over, sell'; the middle voice here has commercial connotation.
the (she)Nominativearticle (with δέ as conjunction subject)
δέandpost-positive conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Ναίyesaffirmative particleναί: 'yes, indeed'; her single-word affirmation of the lie.
τοσούτουfor that priceGenitivegenitive of price (echo of Peter's question)
9

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος πρὸς αὐτήν· Τί ὅτι συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου; ἰδοὺ οἱ πόδες τῶν θαψάντων τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ καὶ ἐξοίσουσίν σε.

But Peter said to her, 'Why is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? Behold, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out.'

Verdict / pronouncementδέThe phrase 'agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord' elevates the sin to corporate conspiracy. The dramatic announcement of the approaching footsteps ('at the door') is an auditory omen; Peter pronounces the death before it occurs.
theNominativearticle
δέbutpost-positive conjunction
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of πρός
Τίwhyinterrogative pronoun (causal)
ὅτιthatcausal/explanatory conjunction (with τί)
συνεφωνήθηit was agreed / you agreedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · συμφωνέωmain verb (impersonal passive)→ constative aorist (completed conspiracy)συμφωνέω: 'to agree together, sound together'; the root is φωνή — a deliberate arrangement in concert.
ὑμῖνby you (pl.)Dativedative of agent (with passive)
πειράσαιto testAor Act Inf · πειράζωinfinitive of purpose / result→ constative aorist infinitiveπειράζω: 'to test, tempt'; testing the Spirit of the Lord echoes Israel's testing of God in the wilderness (Ps 95:9 LXX).
τόtheAccusativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritAccusativeobject of πειράσαι
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of possessionκύριος: 'Lord'; with πνεῦμα this identifies the Holy Spirit with the divine Lord.
ἰδούbeholdinterjection (attention-getter)ἰδού: 'behold, look'; a Septuagintalism marking dramatic disclosure.
οἱtheNominativearticle
πόδεςfeetNominativesubjectπούς: 'foot'; the audible approaching footsteps are the sign of imminent judgment.
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle
θαψάντωνwho buriedAor Act Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · θάπτωsubstantival participle (genitive, modifying πόδες)→ constative aorist participleθάπτω: 'to bury'; the same men who buried Ananias return for Sapphira.
τόνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνδραhusbandAccusativedirect object of θαψάντων
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐπίatpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
θύρᾳdoorDativeobject of ἐπί (location)θύρα: 'door'; the feet at the door is a vivid spatial image of impending judgment.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐξοίσουσίνthey will carry outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκφέρωmain verb (predictive)→ predictive futureἐκφέρω: 'to carry out'; the same verb as v.6 — the death is announced before it occurs.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
10

ἔπεσεν δὲ παραχρῆμα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξέψυξεν· εἰσελθόντες δὲ οἱ νεανίσκοι εὗρον αὐτὴν νεκράν, καὶ ἐξενέγκαντες ἔθαψαν πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς.

She fell down immediately at his feet and breathed her last. And the young men came in and found her dead; and they carried her out and buried her beside her husband.

Fulfillment of verdictδέThe narrative is structurally parallel to vv.5–6 for Ananias, completing the two-panel judgment story. 'At his feet' (Peter's) echoes the earlier offerings laid at the apostles' feet — a bitter reversal.
ἔπεσενfellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb→ constative aorist (sudden collapse)πίπτω: 'to fall'; exact parallel to v.5 (πεσών).
δέandpost-positive conjunction
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyadverb of time (instantaneous)παραχρῆμα: 'immediately, at once'; a Lucan favorite (15× in Luke-Acts); marks instantaneous divine action.
πρόςatpreposition + accusative (location beside)
τούςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobject of πρόςπούς: 'foot'; at Peter's feet — inverted echo of laying gifts at the apostles' feet.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (of Peter)
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐξέψυξενbreathed her lastAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκψύχωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκψύχω: 'to expire'; exact repeat of the verb used for Ananias (v.5).
εἰσελθόντεςenteringAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · εἰσέρχομαιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle
δέandpost-positive conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
νεανίσκοιyoung menNominativesubjectνεανίσκος: 'young man'; a variation on νεώτεροι (v.6) — the same group.
εὗρονfoundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'to find'; the discovery is narrated without emotion.
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object
νεκράνdeadAccusativepredicate accusative (object complement)νεκρός: 'dead'; the simple predicate adjective closes the account.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐξενέγκαντεςcarrying outAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐκφέρωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle
ἔθαψανburiedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θάπτωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρόςbesidepreposition + accusative (proximity)
τόνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνδραhusbandAccusativeobject of πρός
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
11

καὶ ἐγένετο φόβος μέγας ἐφ᾽ ὅλην τὴν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας ταῦτα.

And great fear came upon the whole church and upon all who heard these things.

Concluding effectκαίThe refrain from v.5 is repeated with expansion: now 'the whole church' is named — the first use of ἐκκλησία in Acts. The fear is both interior (the community) and exterior (all who heard), placing the narrative within an economy of holy dread.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
φόβοςfearNominativesubject of ἐγένετο
μέγαςgreatNominativeattributive adjective
ἐφ᾽uponpreposition + accusative (extension over)
ὅληνwholeAccusativeattributive adjective
τήνtheAccusativearticle
ἐκκλησίανchurch / assemblyAccusativeobject of ἐφ᾽ἐκκλησία: 'assembly, church'; first use of this term in Acts; from ἐκ-καλέω, 'the called-out ones'; LXX usage = the congregation of Israel.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐπίuponpreposition + accusative (extension)
πάνταςallAccusativeobject of ἐπί
τούςtheAccusativearticle
ἀκούονταςwho heardPres Act Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · ἀκούωsubstantival participle→ imperfective aspect
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούοντας
12

Διὰ δὲ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα πολλὰ ἐν τῷ λαῷ· καὶ ἦσαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἅπαντες ἐν τῇ Στοᾷ Σολομῶντος.

Now many signs and wonders were being performed among the people through the hands of the apostles; and they were all together with one accord in Solomon's Portico.

Scene shift / summaryδέA summary statement (cf. 2:43) marking the continuation of apostolic power. The mention of Solomon's Portico ties the Jerusalem community to the temple precincts, imaging a restored Israel.
Διάthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
δέnowpost-positive conjunction (scene shift)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of instrument (via διά)χείρ: 'hand'; 'through the hands of the apostles' is an idiom for divine power mediated through human agents.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἀποστόλωνapostlesGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐγίνετοwere being performedImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing repeated activity)γίνομαι: 'to come to be, happen'; the imperfect signals this was a continuing pattern, not a single event.
σημεῖαsignsNominativesubject of ἐγίνετο (compound)σημεῖον: 'sign'; in Acts, miraculous deeds that point to divine activity.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
τέραταwondersNominativesubject of ἐγίνετο (compound)τέρας: 'wonder, portent'; always paired with σημεῖα in Acts (2:19,22,43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 7:36; 14:3; 15:12).
πολλάmanyNominativeattributive adjective
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (location/sphere)
τῷtheDativearticle
λαῷpeopleDativeobject of ἐν (sphere)λαός: 'people'; in Acts often refers specifically to the people of Israel.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ progressive imperfect (continuous state)
ὁμοθυμαδόνwith one accordadverb (manner)ὁμοθυμαδόν: 'with one mind/purpose'; a favorite Lucan adverb (11× in Acts); denotes unity of will.
ἅπαντεςallNominativesubjectἅπας: emphatic form of πᾶς; 'all without exception'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
ΣτοᾷPortico / StoaDativeobject of ἐν (location)Στοά: 'colonnade, portico'; Solomon's Portico was on the east side of the temple courts (cf. John 10:23; Acts 3:11).
Σολομῶντοςof SolomonGenitivegenitive of possession (proper name)Σολομών: Solomon; the eastern colonnade of the temple credited to him.
13

τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμα κολλᾶσθαι αὐτοῖς, ἀλλ᾽ ἐμεγάλυνεν αὐτοὺς ὁ λαός.

But none of the rest dared to associate with them; however, the people held them in high esteem.

Contrast (paradox)δέA paradox: outsiders keep their distance from the community out of holy awe, yet the very people who keep their distance magnify them. The fear described in vv.5,11 continues to operate socially.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (partitive genitive)
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (contrast)
λοιπῶνrest / othersGenitivepartitive genitiveλοιπός: 'remaining, rest'; the outsiders not yet incorporated into the community.
οὐδείςno oneNominativesubject
ἐτόλμαdaredImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · τολμάωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (continuing state of awe-based restraint)τολμάω: 'to dare, presume'; the imperfect indicates no one ventured to join during this period.
κολλᾶσθαιto associate with / joinPres Pass Inf · κολλάωcomplementary infinitive (after ἐτόλμα)→ imperfective aspect (ongoing association)κολλάω: 'to glue, join closely'; LXX uses this of covenantal attachment (e.g. Ruth 1:14; Ps 62:9).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative of association (with κολλᾶσθαι)
ἀλλ᾽butadversative conjunction
ἐμεγάλυνενmagnified / held in high esteemImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · μεγαλύνωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing popular esteem)μεγαλύνω: 'to magnify, hold great'; used in Mary's Magnificat (Luke 1:46); denotes public honour.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
theNominativearticle
λαόςpeopleNominativesubject
14

μᾶλλον δὲ προσετίθεντο πιστεύοντες τῷ κυρίῳ, πλήθη ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν·

And all the more believers were added to the Lord, multitudes both of men and women,

Complementary paradoxδέDespite outsiders' reluctance to join, believers keep multiplying — μᾶλλον ('all the more') signals the paradox is growth through awe, not deterrence. The pairing of men and women is a Lucan signature of inclusive mission.
μᾶλλονall the moreadverb of degree (intensifying)μᾶλλον: 'more, rather'; here the paradoxical intensification — as outsiders pull away, believers multiply.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
προσετίθεντοwere being addedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · προστίθημιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing growth)προστίθημι: 'to add to'; divine passive — God adds to the community (cf. 2:41,47).
πιστεύοντεςbelievers / believingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · πιστεύωsubstantival participle (subject of passive: 'those believing')→ imperfective aspectπιστεύω: 'to believe, trust'; the participle identifies the group as those exercising faith.
τῷto theDativearticle
κυρίῳLordDativedative of object (believing in/to the Lord)κύριος: 'Lord'; πιστεύω + dative = 'to believe/trust in'; 'the Lord' here is Jesus.
πλήθηmultitudesNominativeapposition to πιστεύοντες (or second subject)πλῆθος: 'multitude, crowd'; emphasizes the scale of growth.
ἀνδρῶνof menGenitivepartitive genitive
τεbothenclitic correlative particle (τε … καί = 'both … and')
καίandcorrelative conjunction (with τε)
γυναικῶνof womenGenitivepartitive genitiveγυνή: 'woman'; the explicit inclusion of women echoes Luke 8:1–3; 23:27,55; Acts 1:14.
15

ὥστε καὶ εἰς τὰς πλατείας ἐκφέρειν τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς καὶ τιθέναι ἐπὶ κλιναρίων καὶ κραβάττων, ἵνα ἐρχομένου Πέτρου κἂν ἡ σκιὰ ἐπισκιάσῃ τινὶ αὐτῶν.

so that they even carried the sick out into the streets and laid them on cots and mats, so that when Peter came by, at least his shadow might fall on some of them.

Result (of the signs)ὥστεThe result clause extends the scope of healing expectation beyond the normal: Peter's very shadow is anticipated as a medium of healing. This exceeds the expectation of touch (cf. Acts 19:11–12 for Paul's aprons); it echoes the OT traditions of the shadow of divine presence (Ps 91:1; Isa 49:2).
ὥστεso thatconsecutive conjunction (result)ὥστε: marks result; with infinitives denotes actual (not merely intended) result.
καίevenadverbial particle (ascensive)
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τάςtheAccusativearticle
πλατείαςstreets / broad waysAccusativeobject of εἰςπλατεῖα: 'broad street, main thoroughfare'; implies public, visible activity.
ἐκφέρεινto carry outPres Act Inf · ἐκφέρωinfinitive with ὥστε (result)→ imperfective aspect (habitual action)ἐκφέρω: 'to carry out'; the same verb used for the dead in vv.6,9,10 — a dark echo.
τούςtheAccusativearticle
ἀσθενεῖςsickAccusativeobject of ἐκφέρεινἀσθενής: 'weak, sick'; the term encompasses all who lack strength due to illness.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
τιθέναιto layPres Act Inf · τίθημιsecond infinitive with ὥστε (result)→ imperfective aspect
ἐπίonpreposition + genitive (position on)
κλιναρίωνbeds / cotsGenitivegenitive after ἐπί (position on)κλινάριον: diminutive of κλίνη, 'small bed, cot'; a Luke hapax.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
κραβάττωνmats / palletsGenitivegenitive after ἐπίκράββατος: a lower-class bed-mat (a loanword); used in the healing of the paralytic (Mark 2:4,9,11–12; John 5:8–11).
ἵναso thatpurpose/result conjunction
ἐρχομένουcomingPres Mid Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ imperfective aspect (as Peter passed)ἔρχομαι: 'to come, go'; the genitive absolute sets the stage for the shadow's fall.
Πέτρουof PeterGenitivesubject of genitive absolute
κἄνeven if / at leastcrasis (καί + ἄν); concessive particleκἄν: 'even if, at least'; expresses the minimal hope — even the shadow might suffice.
theNominativearticle
σκιάshadowNominativesubject of ἐπισκιάσῃσκιά: 'shadow'; Luke 1:35 uses the cognate verb of the Holy Spirit's overshadowing; here applied to Peter as the Spirit's vessel.
ἐπισκιάσῃmight overshadowAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐπισκιάζωsubjunctive with ἵνα (purpose/hoped-for result)→ constative aorist subjunctiveἐπισκιάζω: 'to overshadow, cast shadow over'; in Luke 1:35 of the Spirit; 9:34 of the cloud at Transfiguration.
τινίsome / oneDativedative of indirect object
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
16

συνήρχετο δὲ καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πέριξ πόλεων Ἰερουσαλήμ, φέροντες ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ὀχλουμένους ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων, οἵτινες ἐθεραπεύοντο ἅπαντες.

And also the multitude from the surrounding cities of Jerusalem kept coming together, bringing the sick and those tormented by unclean spirits, and all of them were being healed.

Extension / climax of summaryδέThe scope of healing expands beyond the city to surrounding towns, and explicitly includes demonized as well as sick. The concluding ἅπαντες ἐθεραπεύοντο — 'all were being healed' — is emphatic and universal.
συνήρχετοcame togetherImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · συνέρχομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (repeated/ongoing movement)συνέρχομαι: 'to come together, gather'; the imperfect indicates continuous stream of arrivals.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
καίalsoadverbial particle (ascensive)
τόtheNominativearticle
πλῆθοςmultitudeNominativesubject
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
πέριξsurroundingadverb used adjectivallyπέριξ: 'around, surrounding'; NT hapax; describes towns in the environs of Jerusalem.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivepartitive genitive (after πλῆθος τῶν)πόλις: 'city, town'.
Ἰερουσαλήμof JerusalemGenitivegenitive of reference (cities surrounding Jerusalem)Ἰερουσαλήμ: the Hebrew form of Jerusalem used throughout Acts.
φέροντεςbringingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · φέρωcircumstantial participle (manner/means)→ imperfective aspect
ἀσθενεῖςsickAccusativedirect object of φέροντες
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ὀχλουμένουςtormented / disturbedPres Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · ὀχλέωsubstantival participle (object of φέροντες)→ imperfective aspect (ongoing affliction)ὀχλέω: 'to disturb, trouble, torment'; used of demonic harassment in the NT.
ὑπόbypreposition + genitive (agent of passive)
πνευμάτωνspiritsGenitivegenitive of agentπνεῦμα: 'spirit'; here demonic spirits in contrast to the Holy Spirit of the previous section.
ἀκαθάρτωνuncleanGenitiveattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean'; the LXX purity vocabulary applied to the demonic realm.
οἵτινεςwho / all of whomNominativerelative pronoun (qualitative: 'of such kind that')ὅστις: 'whoever, such as'; the qualitative relative underscores the comprehensive scope.
ἐθεραπεύοντοwere being healedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · θεραπεύωmain verb of relative clause→ progressive imperfect (each one, repeatedly)θεραπεύω: 'to heal, serve'; the passive implies divine agency.
ἅπαντεςallNominativesubject (emphatic)ἅπας: 'all without exception'; the culminating emphasis — not one went away unhealed.
17

Ἀναστὰς δὲ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, ἡ οὖσα αἵρεσις τῶν Σαδδουκαίων, ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου

But the high priest rose up, and all those with him, that is the sect of the Sadducees, and they were filled with jealousy,

Adversative transition (new episode)δέThe summary of growth and healing gives way to official opposition. The Sadducees are identified as the driving force — their theological stake is the resurrection (cf. 4:2). 'Filled with jealousy' mirrors the language of Spirit-filling, a dark inversion.
Ἀναστάςrising upAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle (inciting action)→ constative aorist participleἀνίστημι: 'to rise up'; in Acts often introduces decisive action.
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (adversative)
theNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεύςhigh priestNominativesubjectἀρχιερεύς: 'high priest'; in Acts 5, probably Caiaphas (high priest AD 18–36).
καίandcoordinative conjunction
πάντεςallNominativesubject (compound)
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantive)
σύνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of σύν
theNominativearticle (appositive)
οὖσαbeing / that isPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · εἰμίattributive participle (identifying apposition)→ imperfective aspect (defining characteristic)εἰμί: 'to be'; the participle identifies who 'those with him' are.
αἵρεσιςsect / partyNominativeapposition to the compound subjectαἵρεσις: 'sect, party, school'; in Acts used neutrally for the Sadducees (5:17), Pharisees (15:5; 26:5), and even the Christians (24:5,14; 28:22).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ΣαδδουκαίωνSadduceesGenitivegenitive of affiliationΣαδδουκαῖος: the aristocratic priestly party that denied bodily resurrection, angels, and spirits (Acts 23:8); threatened by apostolic resurrection preaching.
ἐπλήσθησανwere filledAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πίμπλημιmain verb→ constative aorist (sudden onset)πίμπλημι: 'to fill'; the same verb used of being filled with the Spirit (2:4; 4:8,31) — here the dark inversion is being filled with jealousy.
ζήλουwith jealousy / zealGenitivegenitive of content (after ἐπλήσθησαν)ζῆλος: 'zeal, jealousy'; here the negative sense — resentful rivalry at the apostles' popular influence.
18

καὶ ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους καὶ ἔθεντο αὐτοὺς ἐν τηρήσει δημοσίᾳ.

and laid their hands on the apostles and put them in a public prison.

Consequence of jealousyκαίOfficial arrest by the temple authorities. 'Public prison' (δημοσία) distinguishes this from private custody; the phrase heightens the subsequent miracle of the angelic release.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐπέβαλονlaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιβάλλω: 'to lay upon, throw upon'; ἐπιβάλλω τὰς χεῖρας = to arrest (cf. 4:3; 12:1).
τάςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπέβαλον
ἐπίonpreposition + accusative (direction onto)
τούςtheAccusativearticle
ἀποστόλουςapostlesAccusativeobject of ἐπί
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἔθεντοput / placedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · τίθημιmain verb→ constative aoristτίθημι: 'to put, place'; middle voice with deliberate tone — they deliberately committed them.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τηρήσειcustody / prisonDativeobject of ἐντήρησις: 'keeping, custody, prison'; from τηρέω, 'to guard, keep'; only in Acts (4:3; 5:18) in NT.
δημοσίᾳpublicDativeattributive adjectiveδημόσιος: 'public, of the people'; a public jail underscores the intended public humiliation.
19

ἄγγελος δὲ κυρίου διὰ νυκτὸς ἤνοιξεν τὰς θύρας τῆς φυλακῆς, ἐξαγαγών τε αὐτοὺς εἶπεν·

But an angel of the Lord opened the prison doors during the night, and leading them out, he said,

Divine counter-actionδέDivine intervention answers human imprisonment. The phrase 'angel of the Lord' (ἄγγελος κυρίου) echoes the OT divine messenger who acts in rescue (Ps 34:7; Dan 3:28). The account is matter-of-fact — Luke does not dramatize the mechanics.
ἄγγελοςan angelNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; ἄγγελος κυρίου is the classic OT messenger formula (LXX: מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה).
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (adversative)
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of relationship/sourceκύριος: 'Lord'; the divine commissioner of the angel.
διάduringpreposition + genitive (temporal: through the night)
νυκτόςnightGenitivegenitive of time (within which)νύξ: 'night'; the nighttime setting recalls OT deliverance from Egypt (Exod 12:42).
ἤνοιξενopenedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb→ constative aorist (decisive single act)ἀνοίγω: 'to open'; in Acts repeatedly the divine opening of doors and hearts (cf. 12:10; 16:26–27).
τάςtheAccusativearticle
θύραςdoorsAccusativedirect object of ἤνοιξενθύρα: 'door'; the same word used at v.9 for the door at which the young men stood.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
φυλακῆςprisonGenitivegenitive of possessionφυλακή: 'prison, guard-post'; from φυλάσσω, 'to guard'.
ἐξαγαγώνleading outAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξάγωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participleἐξάγω: 'to lead out'; in Acts echoes the Exodus motif of divine deliverance (cf. 7:36,40).
τεandconnective particle (closely joining the participle and verb)
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of ἐξαγαγών
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
20

Πορεύεσθε καὶ σταθέντες λαλεῖτε ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῷ λαῷ πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης.

'Go, and standing in the temple, speak to the people all the words of this Life.'

Divine commission (angelic speech)asyndetonThe angel's command is a recommission: the apostles are not released to flee but to return to the very site of their arrest and proclaim the gospel. 'All the words of this Life' — ζωή here is near-personified, almost a title for the resurrection reality the apostles embody.
ΠορεύεσθεgoPres Mid Impv 2 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (imperative)→ progressive present imperative (go forth, keep going)πορεύομαι: 'to go, journey'; a deponent; in Acts often marks mission movement.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
σταθέντεςstandingAor Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἵστημιattendant circumstance participle→ ingressive aorist participle (take up a standing position)ἵστημι: 'to stand'; the public stance of a teacher in the temple courts.
λαλεῖτεspeakPres Act Impv 2 Pl · λαλέωmain verb (imperative)→ progressive present imperative (keep speaking)λαλέω: 'to speak'; in Acts the characteristic verb of proclamation.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν (location)ἱερόν: 'temple (complex)'; the entire temple precinct including courts, as distinct from ναός (the inner sanctuary).
τῷtheDativearticle
λαῷpeopleDativedative of indirect object
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective
τάtheAccusativearticle
ῥήματαwordsAccusativedirect object of λαλεῖτεῥῆμα: 'word, thing said'; OT flavor (LXX usage); contrasts with the abstract λόγος.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ζωῆςlifeGenitivegenitive of definition / sourceζωή: 'life'; 'this Life' (τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης) is nearly personified — the resurrection life Jesus embodies and gives.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative pronoun, attributive
21

ἀκούσαντες δὲ εἰσῆλθον ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ ἐδίδασκον. Παραγενόμενος δὲ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ συνεκάλεσαν τὸ συνέδριον καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γερουσίαν τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀχθῆναι αὐτούς.

When they heard this, they entered the temple at daybreak and began to teach. Now when the high priest and those with him came, they called together the Sanhedrin and all the council of elders of the sons of Israel, and sent to the prison to have them brought.

Obedience then counter-movementδέThe apostles' instant obedience to the angel (entering the temple at dawn) is juxtaposed with the Sanhedrin's deliberate assembly. The narrative irony is already in motion: the Sanhedrin assembles to try prisoners who are no longer in prison.
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωtemporal/attendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle
δέandpost-positive conjunction
εἰσῆλθονenteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
ὑπόat / towardpreposition + accusative (temporal: at the approach of)
τόνtheAccusativearticle
ὄρθρονdawnAccusativeobject of ὑπό (temporal)ὄρθρος: 'dawn, early morning'; a Lucan preference (Luke 24:1; John 8:2); their prompt obedience is dawn-early.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τόtheAccusativearticle
ἱερόνtempleAccusativeobject of εἰς
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐδίδασκονwere teachingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · διδάσκωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing teaching activity)διδάσκω: 'to teach'; the imperfect here is perhaps inceptive — they began teaching and continued.
ΠαραγενόμενοςarrivingAor Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · παραγίνομαιtemporal participle (new subject: high priest)→ constative aorist participleπαραγίνομαι: 'to arrive, come to'; a Lucan favorite.
δέnowpost-positive conjunction (new subject transition)
theNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεύςhigh priestNominativesubject
καίandcoordinative conjunction
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantive)
σύνwithpreposition + dative
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of σύν
συνεκάλεσανcalled togetherAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συγκαλέωmain verb→ constative aoristσυγκαλέω: 'to summon together, convene'; the formal convening of the Sanhedrin.
τόtheAccusativearticle
συνέδριονSanhedrin / councilAccusativedirect object of συνεκάλεσανσυνέδριον: 'council, court'; the supreme Jewish court of 71 members in Jerusalem.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
πᾶσανall / the wholeAccusativeattributive adjective
τήνtheAccusativearticle
γερουσίανsenate / council of eldersAccusativesecond object of συνεκάλεσανγερουσία: 'council of elders, senate'; from γέρων ('old man'); appears only here in the NT; may be an alternate designation for the Sanhedrin or its elder members.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationshipυἱός: 'son'; 'sons of Israel' is the standard OT term for the people of Israel.
Ἰσραήλof IsraelGenitivegenitive of possession (proper name)Ἰσραήλ: Israel; the OT covenant name of the people.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἀπέστειλανsentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'to send'; the Sanhedrin sends officers to fetch the prisoners — who are no longer there.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τόtheAccusativearticle
δεσμωτήριονprisonAccusativeobject of εἰςδεσμωτήριον: 'place of bonds, prison'; from δεσμός ('bond, chain').
ἀχθῆναιto be broughtAor Pass Inf · ἄγωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aorist infinitiveἄγω: 'to lead, bring'; the passive infinitive indicates the intended action of the officers.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
22

οἱ δὲ παραγενόμενοι ὑπηρέται οὐχ εὗρον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ, ἀναστρέψαντες δὲ ἀπήγγειλαν

But when the officers arrived, they did not find them in the prison; so they returned and reported,

Ironic reversalδέThe empty prison is the narrative's ironic pivot. The officers' failure to find the apostles initiates the cascade of confused reports. The simplicity of 'they did not find them' understates the astonishment.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantive with δέ)
δέbutpost-positive conjunction
παραγενόμενοιhaving arrivedAor Mid Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · παραγίνομαιtemporal participle→ constative aorist participle
ὑπηρέταιofficers / servantsNominativesubjectὑπηρέτης: 'attendant, officer, assistant'; in Acts the temple police who carry out the Sanhedrin's orders.
οὐχnotnegative particle
εὗρονfoundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
φυλακῇprisonDativeobject of ἐν
ἀναστρέψαντεςreturningAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀναστρέφωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participleἀναστρέφω: 'to return, turn back'; here intransitive.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
ἀπήγγειλανreportedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπαγγέλλω: 'to report back, announce'; the officers deliver their perplexing news.
23

λέγοντες ὅτι Τὸ δεσμωτήριον εὕρομεν κεκλεισμένον ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ καὶ τοὺς φύλακας ἑστῶτας ἐπὶ τῶν θυρῶν, ἀνοίξαντες δὲ ἔσω οὐδένα εὕρομεν.

saying, 'We found the prison locked with all security and the guards standing at the doors; but when we opened it, we found no one inside.'

Report (speech within narrative)asyndetonThe officers' report is studiously detailed: the locked doors, the guards at their posts — everything is in order except the prisoners. This forensic precision heightens the miraculous quality: no natural explanation is available.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of manner (indirect speech introduction)→ imperfective aspect
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing direct/indirect speech (recitative ὅτι)
ΤόtheAccusativearticle
δεσμωτήριονprisonAccusativeobject of εὕρομεν (double accusative: object + predicate)
εὕρομενwe foundAor Act Indic 1 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb of reported speech→ constative aorist
κεκλεισμένονlocked / shutPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · κλείωobject complement (predicative participle: 'found it locked')→ intensive perfect (still locked, the lock persists)κλείω: 'to shut, lock'; the perfect participle underlines that the lock is still in place.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
ἀσφαλείᾳsecurityDativedative of mannerἀσφάλεια: 'security, safety'; ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ = 'with every possible security measure in place.'
καίandcoordinative conjunction
τούςtheAccusativearticle
φύλακαςguardsAccusativesecond object of εὕρομεν (double accusative)φύλαξ: 'guard, watchman'; the guards are at their posts — no collusion.
ἑστῶταςstandingPerf Act Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · ἵστημιobject complement (predicative participle)→ intensive perfect (actively standing at post)ἵστημι: 'to stand'; the perfect participle describes the guards as having taken up and maintaining their post.
ἐπίatpreposition + genitive (position before)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
θυρῶνdoorsGenitiveobject of ἐπί
ἀνοίξαντεςhaving openedAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀνοίγωtemporal participle→ constative aorist participle
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (contrast)
ἔσωinsideadverb of placeἔσω: 'within, inside'; contrasted implicitly with the guards outside.
οὐδέναno oneAccusativedirect object of εὕρομεν (second instance)
εὕρομενwe foundAor Act Indic 1 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
24

ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν τοὺς λόγους τούτους ὅ τε στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς, διηπόρουν περὶ αὐτῶν τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο.

Now when the captain of the temple and the chief priests heard these words, they were greatly perplexed about them, wondering what this might be.

Response of perplexityδέThe official perplexity (διαπορέω) is a Lucan motif marking the inexplicability of divine action to those outside the community. The optative γένοιτο signals genuine puzzlement — they cannot explain the event.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction
δέnowpost-positive conjunction
ἤκουσανheardAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωverb of temporal clause→ constative aorist
τούςtheAccusativearticle
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of ἤκουσαν
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative attributive
both theNominativearticle (with τε … καί correlative)
τεbothcorrelative particle (τε … καί)
στρατηγόςcaptainNominativesubject (compound)στρατηγός: 'general, captain'; ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ was the commander of the temple police, second in authority to the high priest.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἱεροῦtempleGenitivegenitive of reference/possession
καίandcorrelative conjunction (with τε)
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubject (compound)ἀρχιερεύς (pl.): the high priest and former high priests and their families constituting the ruling priestly aristocracy.
διηπόρουνwere greatly perplexedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · διαπορέωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing state of bewilderment)διαπορέω: 'to be thoroughly at a loss'; διά + ἀπορέω intensifies the bewilderment.
περίaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of περί
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (indirect question)
ἄνmightmodal particle (with optative — potential)
γένοιτοcould be / might come toAor Mid Opt 3 Sg · γίνομαιoptative with ἄν (indirect question, potential)→ constative aorist optative (potential deliberation)γίνομαι: 'to be, happen'; the optative mood here expresses genuine uncertainty and deliberation.
τοῦτοthisNominativepredicate nominative (or subject)
25

παραγενόμενος δέ τις ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι Ἰδοὺ οἱ ἄνδρες οὓς ἔθεσθε ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ εἰσὶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ἑστῶτες καὶ διδάσκοντες τὸν λαόν.

And someone came and told them, 'Look! The men whom you put in prison are standing in the temple and teaching the people.'

Resolution of perplexity (dramatic disclosure)δέThe anonymous messenger's announcement resolves the puzzle and heightens the narrative tension. The apostles are where the angel commanded them to be — the Sanhedrin's imprisoned men are publicly teaching in the temple.
παραγενόμενοςarriving / comingAor Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · παραγίνομαιtemporal/attendant participle→ constative aorist participle
δέandpost-positive conjunction
τιςsomeoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
ἀπήγγειλενreportedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι (introducing direct speech)
Ἰδούbehold / lookinterjection
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject
οὕςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative, object of ἔθεσθε)
ἔθεσθεyou placed / putAor Mid Indic 2 Pl · τίθημιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: 'to place'; the same verb as v.18, linking back to the arrest.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
φυλακῇprisonDativeobject of ἐν
εἰσίνarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ present of current reality
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν
ἑστῶτεςstandingPerf Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἵστημιcircumstantial participle (attendant to εἰσίν)→ intensive perfect (standing firm)ἵστημι: 'to stand'; the perfect participle echoes the angel's command (v.20: σταθέντες).
καίandcoordinative conjunction
διδάσκοντεςteachingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · διδάσκωcircumstantial participle (coordinate with ἑστῶτες)→ imperfective aspect (in progress)
τόνtheAccusativearticle
λαόνpeopleAccusativedirect object of διδάσκοντες
26

τότε ἀπελθὼν ὁ στρατηγὸς σὺν τοῖς ὑπηρέταις ἦγεν αὐτούς, οὐ μετὰ βίας, ἐφοβοῦντο γὰρ τὸν λαόν, μὴ λιθασθῶσιν.

Then the captain went with the officers and brought them, not by force, for they were afraid of the people lest they be stoned.

Consequent actionτότεThe authorities fear the crowd more than they assert power — a recurring Lucan motif (Luke 20:6,19; 22:2; Acts 4:21; 5:26). The apostles' popular esteem (v.13) now constrains the Sanhedrin's hand.
τότεthentemporal adverb
ἀπελθώνhaving gone awayAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀπέρχομαιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle
theNominativearticle
στρατηγόςcaptainNominativesubject
σύνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ὑπηρέταιςofficersDativeobject of σύν
ἦγενwas bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (in the process of bringing)ἄγω: 'to lead, bring'; the imperfect pictures the escorted journey to the council.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
οὐnotnegative particle
μετάwithpreposition + genitive (manner)
βίαςforce / violenceGenitivegenitive of mannerβία: 'force, violence'; the captain exercises caution — no rough handling.
ἐφοβοῦντοthey were afraidImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb of the causal clause→ progressive imperfect (continuing fear)φοβέομαι: 'to fear'; a deponent; here ironic — the fearful authorities fear the crowd while the apostles fear God.
γάρforpost-positive causal conjunction
τόνtheAccusativearticle
λαόνpeopleAccusativeobject of ἐφοβοῦντο
μήlestnegative conjunction of fearing clause
λιθασθῶσινthey be stonedAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · λιθάζωsubjunctive of fearing clause→ constative aorist subjunctive (feared possible event)λιθάζω: 'to stone'; the feared mob action if the crowd saw the apostles mistreated.
27

Ἀγαγόντες δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ. καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ ἀρχιερεύς

And when they had brought them, they stood them before the council. And the high priest questioned them,

Arrival and interrogationδέThe formal judicial interrogation of the Sanhedrin begins. 'Stood them' (ἔστησαν) positions them before the court. The same body that condemned Jesus now confronts his apostles.
Ἀγαγόντεςhaving broughtAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἄγωtemporal participle→ constative aorist participle
δέandpost-positive conjunction
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of ἀγαγόντες
ἔστησανstood / placedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ constative aorist (transitive causative: 'caused to stand')ἵστημι: 'to stand, place standing'; causative aorist = to make someone stand before a court.
ἐνin / beforepreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
συνεδρίῳcouncil / SanhedrinDativeobject of ἐν
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐπηρώτησενquestionedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω: 'to ask, question, interrogate'; the formal interrogation begins.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
theNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεύςhigh priestNominativesubject
28

λέγων· Παραγγελίᾳ παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν μὴ διδάσκειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ, καὶ ἰδοὺ πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν, καὶ βούλεσθε ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου.

saying, 'We gave you strict orders not to teach in this name, and look — you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching, and you intend to bring this man's blood upon us.'

Accusation / interrogation (high priest's speech)asyndetonThree accusations: (1) violation of the Sanhedrin's prior prohibition (4:18); (2) saturation of Jerusalem with the teaching; (3) the politically loaded charge of blood-guilt. Notably, the high priest avoids naming Jesus — 'this name' and 'this man' are deliberate circumlocutions.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of manner (introducing speech)→ imperfective aspect
Παραγγελίᾳwith a commandDativedative of manner (cognate dative: 'we strictly commanded')παραγγελία: 'strict command, order'; the cognate dative with παραγγέλλω is a Hebraism intensifying the command.
παρηγγείλαμενwe commandedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · παραγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aorist (the prior prohibition)παραγγέλλω: 'to command, give strict orders'; the verb of v.28 refers back to 4:18.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative of indirect object
μήnotnegative particle (with infinitive)
διδάσκεινto teachPres Act Inf · διδάσκωcomplementary infinitive (object of παρηγγείλαμεν)→ imperfective aspect (prohibition of the ongoing activity)
ἐπίin / onpreposition + dative (authority: 'in/by this name')
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματιnameDativeobject of ἐπίὄνομα: 'name'; the Sanhedrin avoids naming Jesus but the circumlocution 'this name' makes clear whose name it is.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative attributive
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἰδούbeholdinterjection
πεπληρώκατεyou have filledPerf Act Indic 2 Pl · πληρόωmain verb→ intensive perfect (Jerusalem is now saturated)πληρόω: 'to fill'; the perfect states the accomplished saturation of the city; ironically, the very success of the mission is the second charge.
τήνtheAccusativearticle
ἸερουσαλήμJerusalemAccusativedirect object of πεπληρώκατε
τῆςwithGenitivearticle
διδαχῆςteachingGenitivegenitive of content (with πεπληρώκατε)διδαχή: 'teaching, doctrine'; the noun for the content of what is taught.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καίandcoordinative conjunction
βούλεσθεyou intend / wantPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · βούλομαιmain verb→ present of current intentionβούλομαι: 'to wish, intend, want'; here expressing the accused intention behind the preaching.
ἐπαγαγεῖνto bring uponAor Act Inf · ἐπάγωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist infinitiveἐπάγω: 'to bring upon'; the charge of intentionally inciting blood-guilt against the Sanhedrin.
ἐφ᾽uponpreposition + accusative
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of ἐφ᾽
τόtheAccusativearticle
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐπαγαγεῖναἷμα: 'blood'; blood-guilt is a serious OT concept (Deut 19:10; 2 Sam 1:16); ironically, Matt 27:25 records the crowd calling it upon themselves.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive of source/possessionἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'; the high priest refuses to name Jesus — 'this man' is a deliberate distancing.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative attributive
29

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν· Πειθαρχεῖν δεῖ θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώποις.

But Peter and the apostles answered, 'We must obey God rather than men.'

Counter-response / declarationδέThe apostles' reply echoes and sharpens the principle of 4:19. The statement is not politically defiant in general but theologically specific: the divine command (v.20) overrides human prohibition. 'God rather than men' is the theological axiom of the entire sequence.
ἀποκριθείςansweringAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιattendant circumstance participle (deponent)→ constative aorist participle
δέbutpost-positive conjunction
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject (compound)
καίandcoordinative conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀπόστολοιapostlesNominativesubject (compound)
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Πειθαρχεῖνto obeyPres Act Inf · πειθαρχέωsubject infinitive of δεῖ→ imperfective aspect (habitual obligation)πειθαρχέω: 'to obey an authority'; from πείθω + ἄρχω — to be ruled by persuasion; strong term for legitimate authority.
δεῖit is necessary / mustPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb of necessity→ gnomic present (universal moral necessity)δεῖ: 'it is necessary, must'; in Luke-Acts often denotes divine necessity.
θεῷGodDativedative of object (πειθαρχεῖν + dative)
μᾶλλονratheradverb of comparison
thancomparative particle
ἀνθρώποιςmenDativedative of object (second element of comparison)ἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; the contrast with θεός makes this the chapter's central statement.
30

ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν, ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου·

'The God of our fathers raised Jesus, whom you killed by hanging him on a tree;'

Proclamation (kerygma: death and resurrection)asyndetonThe apostolic kerygma in miniature: (1) the God of the patriarchs acts — grounding the claim in Israel's covenant history; (2) you killed Jesus — direct second-person accusation; (3) God raised him — the resurrection reverses the Sanhedrin's verdict. 'Hanging on a tree' evokes Deut 21:22–23 and its implication of curse, which Acts here re-reads as redemptive.
theNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativesubject
τῶνofGenitivearticle
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive of relationshipπατήρ: 'father'; 'the God of our fathers' is the covenant formula of Israel (Exod 3:6,15; Acts 3:13; 7:32).
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἤγειρενraisedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aorist (the single decisive event of the resurrection)ἐγείρω: 'to raise, awaken'; the standard resurrection verb; it is God who is the agent.
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativedirect object of ἤγειρενἸησοῦς: the personal name, finally spoken — the contrast with the high priest's circumlocutions is stark.
ὅνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of διεχειρίσασθε)
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of relative clause (emphatic)
διεχειρίσασθεkilled / laid hands onAor Mid Indic 2 Pl · διαχειρίζομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristδιαχειρίζομαι: 'to lay violent hands on, kill'; from διά + χείρ, 'to handle thoroughly'; a stark euphemism for murder.
κρεμάσαντεςhangingAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · κρεμάννυμιattendant circumstance participle (specifying the manner of death)→ constative aorist participleκρεμάννυμι: 'to hang'; ἐπὶ ξύλου evokes Deut 21:22–23 (cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree), read in Acts through the lens of Gal 3:13.
ἐπίonpreposition + genitive (position on)
ξύλουa tree / woodGenitiveobject of ἐπίξύλον: 'wood, tree, cross'; in LXX Deut 21:22–23 the term for the pole of execution; the early church's vocabulary for the cross (also Acts 10:39; 13:29; 1 Pet 2:24).
31

τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς ἀρχηγὸν καὶ σωτῆρα ὕψωσεν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, τοῦ δοῦναι μετάνοιαν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.

'God exalted this man to his right hand as Prince and Savior, to grant repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins.'

Continuation of kerygma (exaltation and its purpose)asyndetonThe resurrection is followed immediately by the exaltation — the double honorific 'Prince and Savior' (ἀρχηγός/σωτήρ) answers the charge of vv.28,30. The purpose is Israel's repentance and forgiveness — even now the Sanhedrin is implicitly offered what it needs.
τοῦτονthis oneAccusativedirect object (fronted for emphasis)
theNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativesubject
ἀρχηγόνPrince / LeaderAccusativepredicate accusative (double object complement: 'exalted him as Prince')ἀρχηγός: 'leader, originator, prince'; in Acts 3:15 and 5:31 of Jesus; in Heb 2:10; 12:2 of the 'pioneer/author' of salvation.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
σωτῆραSaviorAccusativepredicate accusative (double object complement)σωτήρ: 'savior, deliverer'; the term had both Jewish (God as savior of Israel) and Hellenistic (imperial 'savior') resonance.
ὕψωσενexaltedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑψόωmain verb→ constative aorist (the completed act of exaltation)ὑψόω: 'to exalt, lift up'; in John's Gospel ὑψόω is double-layered (cross and exaltation); here clearly the post-resurrection enthronement.
τῇtheDativearticle
δεξιᾷright handDativedative of means/instrument (by his right hand) or dative of location (to/at his right hand)δεξιά: 'right hand'; cf. Ps 110:1 — 'Sit at my right hand'; the exaltation to God's right hand is the Christological claim at the heart of Acts (2:33–35; 7:55–56).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (articular infinitive of purpose)
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ + inf.)→ constative aorist infinitive (the purpose of the exaltation)δίδωμι: 'to give'; the infinitive expresses the goal for which God exalted Jesus.
μετάνοιανrepentanceAccusativedirect object of δοῦναι (first)μετάνοια: 'repentance, change of mind/direction'; not merely regret but radical reorientation.
τῷtoDativearticle
ἸσραήλIsraelDativedative of indirect objectἸσραήλ: the covenant name of the people; repentance is offered first to Israel (cf. 3:19–20).
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἄφεσινforgivenessAccusativedirect object of δοῦναι (second)ἄφεσις: 'forgiveness, release'; from ἀφίημι, 'to send away, release'; the release of debt/sin.
ἁμαρτιῶνof sinsGenitiveobjective genitive (after ἄφεσιν)ἁμαρτία: 'sin, failure'; the objective genitive — the sins that are forgiven.
32

καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἔδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ.

'And we are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him.'

Witness testimonyκαίTwo witnesses are named: the apostles and the Holy Spirit — a notable juxtaposition of human and divine testimony. The giving of the Spirit to the obedient subtly indicts the disobedient Sanhedrin. The word πειθαρχοῦσιν echoes v.29 (πειθαρχεῖν) — obedience defines who receives the Spirit.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἐσμενarePres Act Indic 1 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ present of ongoing reality
μάρτυρεςwitnessesNominativepredicate nominativeμάρτυς: 'witness'; in Acts programmatically (1:8); the apostles testify to the resurrection.
τῶνofGenitivearticle
ῥημάτωνwords / thingsGenitivegenitive of reference (witnesses of these things)ῥῆμα: 'word, thing, matter'; refers back to the kerygmatic proclamation of vv.30–31.
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative attributive
καίandcoordinative conjunction (adding the second witness)
τόtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritNominativesubject (second witness, coordinate with ἡμεῖς)
τόtheNominativearticle
ἅγιονholyNominativeattributive adjective
whomAccusativerelative pronoun (neuter, referring to πνεῦμα; object of ἔδωκεν)
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the Pentecost gift)δίδωμι: 'to give'; God is the giver; Pentecost (Acts 2) is the historical referent.
theNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativesubject of relative clause
τοῖςto thoseDativearticle (substantive)
πειθαρχοῦσινwho obeyPres Act Ptcp Dat Pl Masc · πειθαρχέωsubstantival participle (dative, recipient of the Spirit)→ imperfective aspect (those habitually obeying)πειθαρχέω: echoes v.29; obedience to God is the condition of Spirit reception — the Sanhedrin is thereby excluded.
αὐτῷhimDativedative of object (πειθαρχεῖν + dative)
33

Οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες διεπρίοντο καὶ ἐβούλοντο ἀνελεῖν αὐτούς.

When they heard this they were furious and wanted to kill them.

Violent reactionδέThe Sanhedrin's reaction is the opposite of the desired response (repentance, v.31). Διεπρίοντο ('were cut through/sawn') is a graphic term for rage; the same word will appear in 7:54 at Stephen's martyrdom, where it results in death.
ΟἱtheyNominativearticle (substantive with δέ)
δέbutpost-positive conjunction
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωtemporal participle→ constative aorist participle
διεπρίοντοwere enraged / cut throughImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · διαπρίωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (seething rage)διαπρίω: 'to saw in two, cut through'; passive/deponent idiom for furious rage — 'they were cut to the core'; also at 7:54.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐβούλοντοwere wantingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · βούλομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (developing desire to kill)βούλομαι: 'to wish, want, intend'; the imperfect suggests deliberation, not yet carried out.
ἀνελεῖνto killAor Act Inf · ἀναιρέωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist infinitiveἀναιρέω: 'to take up, do away with, kill'; the standard Lucan verb for violent death (also of Stephen, 22:20, and Paul's plot, 23:15).
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀνελεῖν
34

ἀναστὰς δέ τις ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Φαρισαῖος ὀνόματι Γαμαλιήλ, νομοδιδάσκαλος τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω βραχύ τι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι,

But a Pharisee in the council named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law held in honor by all the people, stood up and ordered the men to be put outside for a short while.

Intervention / dramatic reversalδέGamaliel's intervention changes the scene dramatically. His credentials — Pharisee, law teacher, honored by all — give him maximal authority. The narrative irony is that it is a Pharisee who saves the apostles from the Sadducean high priest's allies.
ἀναστάςrisingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participle
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (adversative intervention)
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
συνεδρίῳcouncilDativeobject of ἐν
Φαρισαῖοςa PhariseeNominativepredicate/apposition (identifying the speaker)Φαρισαῖος: the Pharisees believed in resurrection (23:8), making Gamaliel a theological opponent of the Sadducees presiding.
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of respect
ΓαμαλιήλGamalielDativeproper name (dative of respect with ὀνόματι)Γαμαλιήλ: historically Gamaliel I (the Elder), grandson of Hillel; Paul's teacher (22:3); a leading rabbinic authority.
νομοδιδάσκαλοςteacher of the lawNominativeapposition to τις/Φαρισαῖοςνομοδιδάσκαλος: compound noun: νόμος + διδάσκαλος; 'law-teacher'; also Luke 5:17; 1 Tim 1:7.
τίμιοςhonoredNominativepredicate adjectiveτίμιος: 'honored, respected, precious'; from τιμή; his social standing amplifies his counsel.
παντίby allDativedative of agent (with passive force of τίμιος)
τῷtheDativearticle
λαῷpeopleDativedative of agent
ἐκέλευσενorderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κελεύωmain verb→ constative aoristκελεύω: 'to command, order'; Gamaliel's authority is sufficient to command without debate.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of place
βραχύa shortAccusativeaccusative of extent (measure of time/space: 'for a short while')βραχύς: 'short'; neuter accusative of extent.
τιsomeAccusativeindefinite attributive (softening: 'a little while')
τούςtheAccusativearticle
ἀνθρώπουςmenAccusativeobject of ποιῆσαι (acc. + inf.)
ποιῆσαιto be put / to goAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive of ἐκέλευσεν (causative: 'ordered them to be made to go outside')→ constative aorist infinitiveποιέω: 'to do, make, cause'; here causative — 'cause the men to [go] outside.'
35

εἶπέν τε πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις τί μέλλετε πράσσειν.

and he said to them, 'Men of Israel, take care what you are about to do with these men.'

Opening of Gamaliel's counselτεGamaliel addresses the council with the honorific 'Men of Israel,' invoking their shared identity and responsibility as stewards of Israel's covenantal heritage. The opening warning — 'take care what you are about to do' — frames his argument as one of prudence and risk avoidance.
εἶπένsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
τεandconnective particle (closely joining with previous clause)
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
ἌνδρεςmenVocativevocative of addressἀνήρ: a formal address mode; 'men of Israel' echoes Acts 2:22; 3:12; 13:16.
ἸσραηλῖταιIsraelitesVocativevocative (apposition to Ἄνδρες)Ἰσραηλίτης: 'Israelite'; the covenant name implying shared heritage and responsibility.
προσέχετεtake care / pay attentionPres Act Impv 2 Pl · προσέχωmain verb (imperative)→ progressive present imperative (keep your attention fixed)προσέχω: 'to pay attention, take care, beware'; with ἑαυτοῖς: 'guard yourselves.'
ἑαυτοῖςyourselvesDativedative of reflexive reference
ἐπίregardingpreposition + dative (reference: 'with respect to')
τοῖςtheseDativearticle
ἀνθρώποιςmenDativeobject of ἐπί
τούτοιςtheseDativedemonstrative attributive
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (indirect question, object of πράσσειν)
μέλλετεyou are about toPres Act Indic 2 Pl · μέλλωmain verb of indirect question→ futuristic present (imminent action)μέλλω: 'to be about to, intend'; the rhetorical question arrests the momentum toward execution.
πράσσεινto doPres Act Inf · πράσσωcomplementary infinitive (with μέλλετε)→ imperfective aspectπράσσω: 'to do, practice'; the verb of ongoing moral action.
36

πρὸ γὰρ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς, λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν, ᾧ προσεκλίθη ἀνδρῶν ἀριθμὸς ὡς τετρακοσίων· ὃς ἀνῃρέθη, καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διελύθησαν καὶ ἐγένοντο εἰς οὐδέν.

'For before these days Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and a number of men, about four hundred, joined him; he was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing.'

First historical precedentγάρThe first of Gamaliel's two case studies: Theudas, a messianic pretender whose movement dissolved at his death. The argument from precedent is that human movements perish when their leader dies. There is a historical problem: Josephus places a Theudas under Cuspius Fadus (AD 44–46), after this speech, which commentators resolve variously (Gamaliel speaks of a different earlier Theudas, or Luke anachronizes).
πρόbeforepreposition + genitive (temporal priority)
γάρforpost-positive causal conjunction (introducing the argument)
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative attributive
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitivegenitive of time (before these days)
ἀνέστηarose / rose upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aorist (historical precedent)ἀνίστημι: 'to rise up'; used of public insurrection leaders.
ΘευδᾶςTheudasNominativesubjectΘευδᾶς: a messianic pretender; historically debated; the name may be a shortened form of Theodotus.
λέγωνclaimingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (manner: 'saying himself to be somebody')→ imperfective aspect
εἶναίto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίindirect discourse infinitive (object of λέγων)→ present of state
τιναsomebodyAccusativepredicate accusative of εἶναί (with ἑαυτόν)τις: 'somebody' — claiming to be a person of significance, possibly messianic.
ἑαυτόνhimselfAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
to whomDativerelative pronoun (dative after προσεκλίθη)
προσεκλίθηjoined / attached themselvesAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · προσκλίνωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristπροσκλίνω: 'to attach/cling to'; passive 'were drawn/joined to'; a hapax in NT.
ἀνδρῶνof menGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἀριθμός)
ἀριθμόςa numberNominativesubject of προσεκλίθηἀριθμός: 'number, count'.
ὡςaboutadverb of approximation
τετρακοσίωνfour hundredGenitivegenitive of description (with ἀριθμός)
ὅςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἀνῃρέθη)
ἀνῃρέθηwas killedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀναιρέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀναιρέω: 'to kill, destroy'; the movement ended with the leader's death.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
πάντεςallNominativesubject
ὅσοιas many asNominativerelative pronoun (quantitative)
ἐπείθοντοobeyed / followedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · πείθωverb of relative clause→ progressive imperfect (habitual following)πείθω (mid./pass.): 'to be persuaded, follow, obey'.
αὐτῷhimDativedative of object
διελύθησανwere dispersedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · διαλύωmain verb (first result)→ constative aoristδιαλύω: 'to dissolve, disperse'; the movement scatters.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐγένοντοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (second result)→ constative aorist
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (predicate of γίνομαι)
οὐδένnothingAccusativeobject of εἰς (predicate: 'came to nothing')οὐδέν: 'nothing'; εἰς οὐδέν = 'amounted to nothing' — the movement vanished.
37

μετὰ τοῦτον ἀνέστη Ἰούδας ὁ Γαλιλαῖος ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ἀπογραφῆς καὶ ἀπέστησεν λαὸν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ· κἀκεῖνος ἀπώλετο, καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διεσκορπίσθησαν.

'After him Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the census and drew away people after him; that man also perished, and all who followed him were scattered.'

Second historical precedentasyndetonJudas the Galilean led the revolt against the Roman census of AD 6–7 (Josephus, Ant. 18.1.1; 20.5.2; War 2.8.1). His movement persisted longer than Theudas's (it spawned the Zealots) but ultimately collapsed. The parallel structure reinforces the pattern Gamaliel is establishing.
μετάafterpreposition + accusative (temporal succession)
τοῦτονthis oneAccusativeobject of μετά
ἀνέστηrose upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aorist
ἸούδαςJudasNominativesubjectἸούδας ὁ Γαλιλαῖος: a historical insurrectionist who opposed the census of Quirinius (AD 6); founder of the Zealot movement.
theNominativearticle
ΓαλιλαῖοςGalileanNominativeapposition (epithet)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (when)
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ἀπογραφῆςcensus / enrollmentGenitivegenitive of referenceἀπογραφή: 'registration, census'; cf. Luke 2:2; the census of Quirinius (AD 6) triggered Judas's revolt.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἀπέστησενdrew away / caused to revoltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb→ constative aorist (transitive: he caused people to stand away)ἀφίστημι: 'to cause to revolt, lead astray'; transitive aorist active.
λαόνpeopleAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστησεν
ὀπίσωafter / behindadverb / improper preposition + genitive (following after)
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive after ὀπίσω
κἀκεῖνοςand that one alsoNominativecrasis (καί + ἐκεῖνος); subjectκἀκεῖνος: crasis of καί + ἐκεῖνος ('that one also'); reinforces the parallel.
ἀπώλετοperishedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'to destroy, perish'; middle/passive = 'perished.'
καίandcoordinative conjunction
πάντεςallNominativesubject
ὅσοιas many asNominativerelative pronoun
ἐπείθοντοobeyed / followedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · πείθωverb of relative clause→ progressive imperfect
αὐτῷhimDativedative of object
διεσκορπίσθησανwere scatteredAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · διασκορπίζωmain verb→ constative aoristδιασκορπίζω: 'to scatter, disperse'; stronger than διαλύω (v.36) — connotes wider dispersion.
38

καὶ τὰ νῦν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπόστητε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων καὶ ἐάσατε αὐτούς· ὅτι ἐὰν ᾖ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἡ βουλὴ αὕτη ἢ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο, καταλυθήσεται·

'So in the present case I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone; for if this plan or this work is of human origin, it will fail;'

Application of precedent (first condition)καίGamaliel draws his conclusion: the two conditions structure a logical dilemma. The first condition (human origin → self-destruction) is the safe reading of the precedents; the second (divine origin → cannot be overthrown) is where the irony for the Christian reader is concentrated.
καίandcoordinative conjunction (transitional: 'and so')
τάthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantive with νῦν: 'the present things')
νῦνnowadverb (with τά: 'in the present situation')
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative present (the act of speech is the counsel)
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of indirect object
ἀπόστητεkeep away / withdrawAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀφίστημιmain verb (imperative)→ constative aorist imperative (decisive withdrawal)ἀφίστημι: 'to stand away from, leave alone'; the intransitive aorist imperative is a command to step back.
ἀπόfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῶνtheseGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitiveobject of ἀπό
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative attributive
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἐάσατεlet alone / leaveAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐάωsecond imperative (coordinate with ἀπόστητε)→ constative aorist imperativeἐάω: 'to let, allow, leave alone'; the double imperative emphasizes inaction as the recommended response.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐάσατε
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing the argument)
ἐάνifconditional conjunction (third class: uncertain but possible)
isPres Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of conditional clause (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ present subjunctive (ongoing state)
ἐξfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (source/origin)
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitivegenitive of source (origin)
theNominativearticle
βουλήplan / counselNominativesubject of ᾖβουλή: 'plan, counsel, purpose'; in Acts the divine βουλή is irresistible (2:23; 4:28; 13:36; 20:27).
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative attributive
ordisjunctive conjunction
τόtheNominativearticle
ἔργονworkNominativesubject (coordinate with βουλή)ἔργον: 'work, deed'; the βουλή is the plan, the ἔργον is its execution.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative attributive
καταλυθήσεταιit will be dissolved / overthrownFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · καταλύωmain verb of apodosis→ predictive future (divine passive: God will dissolve it)καταλύω: 'to tear down, dissolve, overthrow'; in Matt 5:17 Jesus says he did not come to 'abolish' the law.
39

εἰ δὲ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐστίν, οὐ δυνήσεσθε καταλῦσαι αὐτούς, μήποτε καὶ θεομάχοι εὑρεθῆτε. ἐπείσθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ,

'but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them; lest you even be found to be fighting against God!' And they were persuaded by him,

Second condition and its fearful consequenceδέThe second condition is the theologically loaded one: if it is from God — and the reader knows it is — the Sanhedrin cannot defeat it, and the attempt would make them θεομάχοι ('God-fighters'). The irony is that Gamaliel does not know what he is saying in its fullest sense. The council's persuasion by him is itself an example of the divine βουλή at work.
εἰifconditional conjunction (first class: reality assumed for argument)
δέbutpost-positive conjunction (contrast with first condition)
ἐκof / frompreposition + genitive (source/origin)
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of sourceθεός: the divine origin is the hinge of the argument.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of conditional clause→ present of reality (assumed for argument)
οὐnotnegative particle
δυνήσεσθεyou will be ableFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb of apodosis→ predictive future (God's power makes their opposition futile)δύναμαι: 'to be able'; the negated future is a divine necessity — they simply cannot.
καταλῦσαιto overthrowAor Act Inf · καταλύωcomplementary infinitive (with δυνήσεσθε)→ constative aorist infinitive
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of καταλῦσαι
μήποτεlest / or elsenegative purpose/warning particleμήποτε: 'lest perhaps, or else'; introduces the feared result.
καίalso / evenadverbial particle (ascensive)
θεομάχοιfighters against GodNominativepredicate nominative (in the feared result clause)θεομάχος: compound: θεός + μάχομαι; 'one who fights God'; a hapax in the NT; in LXX of enemies of Israel who fight the God of Israel. The Sanhedrin is warned they might become what the pagans are.
εὑρεθῆτεyou be foundAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · εὑρίσκωsubjunctive with μήποτε (negative purpose)→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὑρίσκω (pass.): 'to be found'; the divine verdict revealing what they truly are.
ἐπείσθησανwere persuadedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πείθωmain verb (new clause)→ constative aorist (immediate response)πείθω (pass.): 'to be persuaded, convinced'; the Sanhedrin accepts Gamaliel's counsel.
δέandpost-positive conjunction
αὐτῷhim / by himDativedative of agent (with passive)
40

καὶ προσκαλεσάμενοι τοὺς ἀποστόλους δείραντες παρήγγειλαν μὴ λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ ἀπέλυσαν.

and calling the apostles in, they beat them and ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus and then released them.

Partial compliance (beating + release)καίThe Sanhedrin complies with Gamaliel's counsel to the extent of releasing the apostles, but not without the flogging — 40 stripes (Deut 25:3, reduced to 39 in rabbinic practice) — and a renewed prohibition. The beating is simultaneously an act of power and of restraint; they cannot kill but they can punish.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
προσκαλεσάμενοιcalling in / summoningAor Mid Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · προσκαλέομαιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aorist participleπροσκαλέομαι: 'to summon, call to oneself'; the apostles are brought back in from outside.
τούςtheAccusativearticle
ἀποστόλουςapostlesAccusativeobject of προσκαλεσάμενοι
δείραντεςbeating / floggingAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · δέρωattendant circumstance participle (antecedent to the main verb)→ constative aorist participleδέρω: 'to flay, beat'; the synagogue flogging (39 stripes) prescribed by Jewish law for certain offenses.
παρήγγειλανorderedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · παραγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristπαραγγέλλω: the same verb as v.28; the prohibition is renewed.
μήnotnegative particle (with infinitive)
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Inf · λαλέωcomplementary infinitive (indirect command after παρήγγειλαν)→ imperfective aspect (prohibition of ongoing activity)
ἐπίinpreposition + dative (authority/reference)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματιnameDativeobject of ἐπί
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἸησοῦJesusGenitivepossessive genitiveἸησοῦς: note that here Jesus is named, whereas in v.28 the high priest used 'this name.'
καίandcoordinative conjunction
ἀπέλυσανreleasedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπολύωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'to release, dismiss, let go'; Gamaliel's counsel has achieved the apostles' release.
41

Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐπορεύοντο χαίροντες ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ συνεδρίου, ὅτι κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἀτιμασθῆναι·

So they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were considered worthy to suffer dishonor for the sake of the Name;

Narrative conclusion (reversal: dishonor as honor)μὲν οὖνThe chapter's theological climax: the apostles leave not crushed but rejoicing. The paradox — the beaten men rejoice — is the eschatological inversion at the heart of the Sermon on the Mount (Matt 5:11–12; Luke 6:22–23). 'Worthy to suffer dishonor' (κατηξιώθησαν … ἀτιμασθῆναι) is itself a paradox: being 'deemed worthy' of shame is an honor.
ΟἱtheyNominativearticle (substantive with μέν)
μένindeedparticle (correlative with following narrative; often untranslated)
οὖνtherefore / soinferential/resumptive conjunctionοὖν: 'therefore'; μὲν οὖν is a common resumptive phrase in Acts (1:6; 2:41; 5:41; 8:4,25, etc.).
ἐπορεύοντοwere going / departedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (the departure in progress)πορεύομαι: 'to go, journey, depart'; the imperfect pictures them as they leave.
χαίροντεςrejoicingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · χαίρωcircumstantial participle of manner→ imperfective aspect (joy filling the journey)χαίρω: 'to rejoice'; the joy is the chapter's most striking note — they just were flogged.
ἀπόfrompreposition + genitive (separation/source)
προσώπουpresence / faceGenitivegenitive of separation (ἀπὸ προσώπου = 'from before the face of')πρόσωπον: 'face, presence'; ἀπὸ προσώπου is a Septuagintal formula for departing from an authority's presence.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
συνεδρίουcouncilGenitivegenitive of possession
ὅτιbecause / thatcausal conjunction (reason for rejoicing)
κατηξιώθησανwere counted worthyAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · καταξιόωmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (divine passive: God counted them worthy)καταξιόω: 'to count worthy, deem deserving'; the divine passive indicates it is God's assessment; the verb is rare — only here and Luke 20:35 in NT.
ὑπέρon behalf of / for the sake ofpreposition + genitive (substitution/sake)ὑπέρ: 'on behalf of, for the sake of'; with τοῦ ὀνόματος = 'for the sake of the Name.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ὀνόματοςNameGenitiveobject of ὑπέρὄνομα: 'name'; 'the Name' without qualification is the crystallized early Christological concentration — Jesus's name as the divine Name.
ἀτιμασθῆναιto be dishonored / shamedAor Pass Inf · ἀτιμάζωepexegetic infinitive (specifying what they were counted worthy of)→ constative aorist infinitiveἀτιμάζω: 'to dishonor, shame'; from ἀ- + τιμή; the opposite of the honor (τιμή) attributed to Gamaliel (v.34) — the apostles choose his opposite and rejoice in it.
42

πᾶσάν τε ἡμέραν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ κατ᾽ οἶκον οὐκ ἐπαύοντο διδάσκοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν.

And every day, in the temple and from house to house, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming Jesus as the Christ.

Summary and programmatic conclusionτεThe chapter ends with a programmatic summary that looks forward to Acts as a whole: daily, in both public (temple) and private (house) settings, the proclamation continues without interruption. The pairing of the two settings — temple and house — anticipates the church's dual locus throughout Acts. The double content — 'teaching and proclaiming Jesus as the Christ' — is the summary of apostolic ministry.
πᾶσάνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
τεandconnective particle
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeaccusative of extent (time how long or distributed)ἡμέρα: 'day'; πᾶσαν ἡμέραν = 'every day' (distributive accusative).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν
καίandcoordinative conjunction
κατ᾽from house to housepreposition + accusative (distributive: kata + oikon = 'throughout houses')κατά + οἶκον: distributive = 'from house to house'; the early church's house-meeting pattern already present.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeobject of κατ᾽ (distributive)οἶκος: 'house, household'; the domestic setting of early Christian gatherings (Rom 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2).
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐπαύοντοdid not stop / did not ceaseImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · παύωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (continued and continuous activity)παύω (mid.): 'to stop, cease'; the negated imperfect emphasizes unbroken continuity — not once, not even after beatings, did they stop.
διδάσκοντεςteachingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · διδάσκωsupplementary participle (with ἐπαύοντο: 'ceased from teaching')→ imperfective aspect (ongoing)διδάσκω: 'to teach'; the content includes instruction in the way of Christ.
καίandcoordinative conjunction
εὐαγγελιζόμενοιproclaiming the gospelPres Mid Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · εὐαγγελίζωsupplementary participle (coordinate with διδάσκοντες)→ imperfective aspect (ongoing proclamation)εὐαγγελίζω: 'to proclaim good news, evangelize'; the programmatic verb of Acts mission (8:4,12,35,40; 10:36; 11:20; 13:32, etc.).
τόνtheAccusativearticle
χριστόνChristAccusativedirect object of εὐαγγελιζόμενοι (first element)Χριστός: 'Anointed, Messiah'; the content of the proclamation is Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's messianic hope.
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativedirect object / apposition to τὸν χριστόνἸησοῦς: the personal name, identified as the Christ — the chapter's final word is the name the high priest refused to speak in v.28.