independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The scandal — and the church puffed up 5:1–2
1
Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία,independent — no connective — the stinging Ὅλως opens the case; the report itself is the indictment
καὶ τοιαύτη πορνείαphrase modifier — resumptive apposition — not just the fact but the kind
ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν,relative — qualitative ἥτις, verb elided — even pagan moral sense condemns it
ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν.content — ὥστε + infinitive, epexegetical — the deed specified; 'father's wife' echoes Lev 18:8
2
καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ,independent — the reproach — καί with adversative force; periphrastic perfect, a settled arrogance (4:6, 18–19)
καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε,independent — the counter-question — οὐχί expects 'yes'; grief as over a death
ἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο πράξας;purpose — the grief's intended issue — ἐκ μέσου, covenantal expulsion language
The verdict — hand him over to Satan 5:3–5
vv. 3–5 — judged already; to be executed when you gather
3
ἐγὼ μὲν γάρ,independent — the emphatic subject suspended; μέν answered only by the implied contrast with your inaction
ἀπὼν τῷ σώματιparticipial — concessive — distance is no bar to the verdict
παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι,participial — the antithesis — datives of respect; Paul's presence-in-absence frames the whole proceeding
ἤδη κέκρικα ὡς παρὼν τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον·independent — the resumed main clause — perfect κέκρικα: the verdict stands rendered; ὡς παρών presses the claim
4
ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ,phrase modifier — crux — read with κέκρικα: the verdict pronounced under the Lord's authority (others join it to συναχθέντων or to παραδοῦναι)
συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματοςparticipial — genitive absolute — the circumstance of execution; Paul's spirit co-convened, echoing παρὼν τῷ πνεύματι (v. 3)
σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ,phrase modifier — crux — read with συναχθέντων: the assembly convenes armed with the Lord's power (others take it with παραδοῦναι)
5
παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷcontent — the verdict's content — the infinitive completes κέκρικα, imperatival in force; expulsion into Satan's sphere (cf. 1 Tim 1:20)
εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός,purpose — the near aim — σάρξ read as the sinful self broken down, not simple physical death; set against πνεῦμα below
ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου.purpose — the far aim — divine passive: the discipline's goal is eschatological rescue, not damnation
The leaven — purge the old, keep the feast 5:6–8
vv. 6–7 — the proverb, the purge, and the slain Passover
6
Οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν.independent — verbless verdict — back to the πεφυσιωμένοι of v. 2
οὐκ οἴδατεindependent — the letter's recurring appeal to what they should already know (3:16; 6:2–3)
ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ;content — the proverb — gnomic present; one tolerated sin corrupts the whole community
7
ἐκκαθάρατε τὴν παλαιὰν ζύμην,independent — the command — the Passover purging of the house (Exod 12:15) turned on the congregation
ἵνα ἦτε νέον φύραμα,purpose — the aim — a fresh, leaven-free batch
καθώς ἐστε ἄζυμοι.comparative — indicative under imperative — become what you already are in Christ
καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός·cause — καὶ γάρ — the ground: the Lamb already slain; Χριστός held back to the end for emphasis
v. 8 — the feast, and how to keep it
8
ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν,independent — ὥστε + hortatory subjunctive — the inference: the Christian life as perpetual festival
μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷphrase modifier — the negative column opens — the pre-Christian life
μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας,phrase modifier — the leaven named — genitives of content: κακία and πονηρία
ἀλλ' ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας.phrase modifier — the ἀλλά turn — the antithesis resolves into the festal bread of purity
The earlier letter clarified — judge those inside 5:9–13
vv. 9–11 — the letter misread, the letter restated
9
Ἔγραψα ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇindependent — a genuine previous (now lost) letter — the anaphoric article: 'that letter'
μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαι πόρνοις,content — infinitive of indirect command — the directive that was misread
10
οὐ πάντως τοῖς πόρνοις τοῦ κόσμου τούτουphrase modifier — the correction — the world's sinners were never in view
ἢ τοῖς πλεονέκταις καὶ ἅρπαξιν ἢ εἰδωλολάτραις,phrase modifier — the list widened beyond πορνεία — greed, plunder, idols
ἐπεὶ ὠφείλετε ἄρα ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελθεῖν.cause — ἐπεί-reductio — imperfect of unreal obligation: total avoidance is an absurdity
11
νῦν δὲ ἔγραψα ὑμῖνindependent — νῦν δέ logical, ἔγραψα epistolary aorist — the intent stated plainly, not a second back-reference
μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαιcontent — the v. 9 verb re-issued, now precisely aimed
ἐάν τις ἀδελφὸς ὀνομαζόμενος ᾖ πόρνος ἢ πλεονέκτης ἢ εἰδωλολάτρης ἢ λοίδορος ἢ μέθυσος ἢ ἅρπαξ,conditional — protasis — leans on the restatement below; ὀνομαζόμενος hints the title is merely nominal; the vice list expands v. 10
τῷ τοιούτῳ μηδὲ συνεσθίειν.content — the climax — μηδέ: table fellowship, the closest social bond, itself withdrawn
vv. 12–13 — the jurisdiction: inside, not outside
12
τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν;independent — diatribe — the τί μοι idiom with ἐστίν elided; οἱ ἔξω = unbelievers (Col 4:5)
οὐχὶ τοὺς ἔσω ὑμεῖς κρίνετε;independent — read as a question — οὐχί expects 'yes'; emphatic ὑμεῖς: the duty is the congregation's
13
τοὺς δὲ ἔξω ὁ θεὸς κρίνει.independent — the division of labor — fronted object; a gnomic (possibly futuristic) present
ἐξάρατε τὸν πονηρὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν.content — Deut 17:7 LXX (the Deuteronomic refrain; cf. 19:19; 22:21) — quoted with no verb of saying; hung on κρίνει as Scripture's own seal on the church's judging of its inside
Analysis. 1 Corinthians 5 moves in four short panels, and the layout keeps each panel's center of gravity visible. In vv. 1–2 the indictment is the report itself: ἀκούεται stands at the margin with the πορνεία defined stepwise beneath it (of such a kind — not even among the pagans — a man has his father's wife), followed by two flush-left blows: you are puffed up; should you not rather have mourned? The famous tangle of vv. 3–5 is resolved around the chapter's one governing finite verb: the suspended ἐγὼ μὲν γάρ carries the absent/present antithesis, and everything that follows hangs from the perfect κέκρικα — the layout takes ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου with κέκρικα (the verdict pronounced under the Lord's authority, against readings that join it to συναχθέντων or παραδοῦναι), the genitive absolute as the circumstance of the verdict's execution, σὺν τῇ δυνάμει with συναχθέντων (the assembly convened armed with the Lord's power, not with παραδοῦναι), and παραδοῦναι as the verdict's content, its two aims stacked beneath it: destruction of the σάρξ (read as the sinful self rather than simple physical death) so that τὸ πνεῦμα may be saved — discipline aimed at rescue, not damnation. Verses 6–8 show the leaven argument's grammar of indicative under imperative: ἐκκαθάρατε carries a purpose (that you be a new lump) qualified by what they already are (καθώς ἐστε ἄζυμοι — become what you are) and grounded in the accomplished sacrifice (καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός); then ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν spreads three manner-columns — not old leaven, not malice and evil, but the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. In vv. 9–13 the earlier letter is corrected under its own key word: the οὐ πάντως lines hang beneath πόρνοις with the ἐπεί-reductio (otherwise you would have to leave the world), the restatement makes the ἐάν vice-list a forward-leaning protasis over τῷ τοιούτῳ μηδὲ συνεσθίειν, and the chapter closes in diatribe — outsiders are God's to judge — sealed by Deut 17:7 quoted bare, with no verb of saying: the layout hangs ἐξάρατε under κρίνει as Scripture's own last word on the case. Other sides taken: v. 12b is read as a question expecting 'yes'; the v. 9 ἔγραψα refers to a genuine previous (lost) letter, while the v. 11 ἔγραψα is an epistolary aorist ('I am now writing'), not a second reference back.