independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The appeal completed — cleanse yourselves 7:1
1
Ταύτας οὖν ἔχοντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, ἀγαπητοί,participial — sentence-opening causal participle — the promises of 6:16–18 in hand; leans on the exhortation below
καθαρίσωμεν ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ παντὸς μολυσμοῦ σαρκὸς καὶ πνεύματος,independent — hortatory subjunctive — Paul includes himself; the climax of the temple appeal
ἐπιτελοῦντες ἁγιωσύνην ἐν φόβῳ θεοῦ.participial — participle of means/result — holiness carried through to its goal
Make room for us — the open heart 7:2–4
2
Χωρήσατε ἡμᾶς·independent — the renewed appeal — asyndeton; the counterpart to 'be enlarged' (6:13)
οὐδένα ἠδικήσαμεν,independent — the triple denial begins — anaphoric fronted οὐδένα
οὐδένα ἐφθείραμεν,independent — the denial doubled — no one ruined or led astray
οὐδένα ἐπλεονεκτήσαμεν.independent — the denial sealed — no one defrauded (cf. 12:17)
3
πρὸς κατάκρισιν οὐ λέγω·independent — the disclaimer — defense, not sentence (cf. 3:9)
προείρηκα γὰρcause — the ground — a prior declaration still in force (perfect; cf. 6:11–12)
ὅτι ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐστεcontent — the content — lodged in Paul's affections
εἰς τὸ συναποθανεῖν καὶ συζῆν.purpose — εἰς τό + infinitives — the bond unto shared death and shared life
4
πολλή μοι παρρησία πρὸς ὑμᾶς,independent — verbless exclamation — fronted πολλή
πολλή μοι καύχησις ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν·independent — the exclamation doubled — καύχησις, the letter's motif
πεπλήρωμαι τῇ παρακλήσει,independent — intensive perfect — brim-full and remaining so
ὑπερπερισσεύομαι τῇ χαρᾷ ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν.independent — the overflow — joy in the very midst of θλῖψις (anticipating v. 5)
Relief in Macedonia — the coming of Titus 7:5–7
v. 5 — arrival in Macedonia: affliction on every side
5
Καὶ γὰρ ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίανparticipial — genitive absolute — the travel narrative of 2:13 resumed; leans on the clause below
οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν,independent — the vivid perfect — restlessness stamped on memory
ἀλλ' ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι·participial — anacoluthic participle — the suppressed 'we' takes over
ἔξωθεν μάχαι,phrase modifier — the outer front — verbless
ἔσωθεν φόβοι.phrase modifier — the inner front — dread over Corinth's answer
vv. 6–7 — the Comforter of the downcast, and the report that multiplied joy
6
ἀλλ' ὁ παρακαλῶν τοὺς ταπεινοὺς παρεκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ Τίτου·independent — the turn — the Comforter comforted (Isa 49:13); Titus merely the means
7
οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ,phrase modifier — the means restated — first limb of οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ παρακλήσειphrase modifier — the greater means — comfort passed on
ᾗ παρεκλήθη ἐφ' ὑμῖν,relative — cognate relative — Titus himself comforted at Corinth
ἀναγγέλλων ἡμῖνparticipial — participle of means — the report that carried the comfort
τὴν ὑμῶν ἐπιπόθησιν,content — the report's triad begins — fronted ὑμῶν throughout
τὸν ὑμῶν ὀδυρμόν,content — grief over the offence (cf. v. 10)
τὸν ὑμῶν ζῆλον ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ,content — the climactic item — partisanship for Paul (cf. v. 11)
ὥστε με μᾶλλον χαρῆναι.purpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result: joy upon the joy of the arrival
Godly grief and its harvest 7:8–13a
vv. 8–9 — the letter regretted, then not: grief unto repentance
8
ὅτι εἰ καὶ ἐλύπησα ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ,conditional — ὅτι grounds the joy of v. 7; the concessive protasis (εἰ καί) leans on the denial below
οὐ μεταμέλομαι·independent — the apodosis — μεταμέλομαι (remorse), soon played against μετάνοια
εἰ καὶ μετεμελόμην,conditional — backward-leaning parenthetic concession — the imperfect, a passing anxiety
βλέπω γὰρcause — why the regret is dropped — reading βλέπω γάρ with the printed text (some witnesses have βλέπων)
ὅτι ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἐκείνηcontent — the content clause suspends — its predicate never comes; v. 9 resumes afresh
εἰ καὶ πρὸς ὥραν ἐλύπησεν ὑμᾶς,conditional — embedded concession — real grief, but momentary (πρὸς ὥραν)
9
νῦν χαίρω,independent — the resolution — the suspended sentence lands; the grounds-chain below hangs from this joy
οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε,cause — the corrective οὐχ … ἀλλά — the grief itself no cause of joy
ἀλλ' ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε εἰς μετάνοιαν·cause — the true cause — the grief's direction (εἰς μετάνοιαν)
ἐλυπήθητε γὰρ κατὰ θεόν,cause — the deeper ground — κατὰ θεόν names godly grief
ἵνα ἐν μηδενὶ ζημιωθῆτε ἐξ ἡμῶν.purpose — ἵνα of design/result — God's aim in the grief: no loss through Paul's severity
vv. 10–11 — the two griefs, and the harvest of the godly one
10
ἡ γὰρ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀμεταμέλητον ἐργάζεται·cause — gnomic maxim beneath the joy — ἀμεταμέλητον plays on μεταμέλομαι (v. 8), read with μετάνοιαν
ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη θάνατον κατεργάζεται.cause — the antithesis, coordinate with the maxim — the intensified κατεργάζεται drives all the way to death
11
ἰδοὺ γὰρ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ κατὰ θεὸν λυπηθῆναι πόσην κατειργάσατο ὑμῖν σπουδήν,cause — the proof from their own case — ἰδού summons the evidence; exclamatory πόσην
ἀλλὰ ἀπολογίαν,phrase modifier — the ἀλλά-column begins — ascensive, not adversative: 'yes, and what …'
ἀλλὰ ἀγανάκτησιν,phrase modifier — righteous outrage at the wrong (NT hapax)
ἀλλὰ φόβον,phrase modifier — reverent alarm — before God and the apostle
ἀλλὰ ἐπιπόθησιν,phrase modifier — the word of v. 7 — yearning for Paul restored
ἀλλὰ ζῆλον,phrase modifier — again echoing Titus' report (v. 7)
ἀλλὰ ἐκδίκησιν.phrase modifier — the climactic item — justice done on the wrongdoer (cf. 2:6)
ἐν παντὶ συνεστήσατε ἑαυτοὺς ἁγνοὺς εἶναι τῷ πράγματι.independent — the verdict — accusative + infinitive after συνίστημι; cleared in the whole affair
vv. 12–13a — why the letter was written
12
ἄρα εἰ καὶ ἔγραψα ὑμῖν,conditional — inferential ἄρα with a concessive protasis — leans on the elliptical apodosis below
οὐχ ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἀδικήσαντος,independent — elliptical apodosis — supply 'I wrote'; the offender of 2:5–11
οὐδὲ ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἀδικηθέντος,independent — the second cleared aim — the injured party
ἀλλ' ἕνεκεν τοῦ φανερωθῆναι τὴν σπουδὴν ὑμῶν τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ.independent — the true aim — ἕνεκεν + articular infinitive; πρὸς ὑμᾶς with φανερωθῆναι, coram Deo
13
διὰ τοῦτο παρακεκλήμεθα.independent — the section's seal — an abiding comfort (perfect); vv. 8–12 summed up
The joy of Titus — confidence confirmed 7:13b–16
vv. 13b–14 — joy at Titus' joy; the boast proved true
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ παρακλήσει ἡμῶν περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον ἐχάρημεν ἐπὶ τῇ χαρᾷ Τίτου,independent — joy over comfort — the doubled comparative (περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον)
ὅτι ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν·cause — the ground — a settled refreshment (perfect), ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν
14
ὅτι εἴ τι αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κεκαύχημαι,conditional — ὅτι grounds Titus' joy; the real condition leans on the apodosis below
οὐ κατῃσχύνθην,independent — the apodosis — the boast not exposed as false
ἀλλ' ὡς πάντα ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ἐλαλήσαμεν ὑμῖν,comparative — fronted comparative — leans on the οὕτως clause below
οὕτως καὶ ἡ καύχησις ἡμῶν ἡ ἐπὶ Τίτου ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη.independent — the vindication — ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη, the boast 'became truth'
vv. 15–16 — Titus' affection, Paul's confidence
15
καὶ τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ περισσοτέρως εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐστινindependent — σπλάγχνα — the seat of feeling (cf. 6:12); Titus' heart enlarged
ἀναμιμνῃσκομένου τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν,participial — genitive participle agreeing with αὐτοῦ (not a full absolute) — temporal-causal
ὡς μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδέξασθε αὐτόν.content — ὡς — the memory's content: the reverent welcome (μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, cf. Phil 2:12)
16
χαίρωindependent — the closing asyndeton — the section's keyword returns (vv. 7, 9, 13)
ὅτι ἐν παντὶ θαρρῶ ἐν ὑμῖν.content — the content of the joy — total confidence; the hinge into the collection appeal of chs. 8–9
Analysis. 2 Corinthians 7 is the letter's emotional hinge, and the shape shows a chapter carried by joy giving reasons for itself. Verse 1 opens with a forward-leaning participle (Ταύτας οὖν ἔχοντες) above the hortatory καθαρίσωμεν — the temple-promises of ch. 6 cashed out in one exhortation. Verses 2–4 are flush-left appeal: the triple asyndetic denial (οὐδένα … οὐδένα … οὐδένα) and the paired verbless exclamations πολλή μοι … πολλή μοι, with the πρὸς κατάκρισιν disclaimer dropping through γάρ to the die-together-live-together pledge. The narrative resumes at v. 5 under a genitive absolute; the flesh's restlessness breaks off into an anacoluthic participle (θλιβόμενοι) with the verbless pair ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι hanging beneath it, until ἀλλά turns to God's comfort in Titus' coming (vv. 6–7), where the report-triad — longing, mourning, zeal — hangs from ἀναγγέλλων and issues in ὥστε … χαρῆναι. The heart of the chapter is the λύπη-argument (vv. 8–13a): concessive protases (εἰ καί three times in v. 8, again in v. 12) leaning forward over terse apodoses, the suspended βλέπω-ὅτι clause resolving in νῦν χαίρω (v. 9), from which the whole grounds-chain hangs — not the grief but its direction (εἰς μετάνοιαν), the κατὰ θεόν ground with its ἵνα of design, the gnomic maxim of the two griefs (v. 10), and the ἰδοὺ γάρ proof (v. 11) with its ἀλλά-column of six verbless fruits stacked under κατειργάσατο — before the ἄρα conclusion clears away two false aims of the letter for the real one. Verses 13b–16 mirror the opening: comfort topped by joy at Titus' joy, the vindicated boast framed as protasis plus ὡς/οὕτως comparison, Titus' remembered welcome, and the terse close χαίρω ὅτι … θαρρῶ. Cruxes the layout takes a side on: in v. 8 εἰ καὶ μετεμελόμην is read as a backward-leaning parenthetic concession and βλέπω γάρ (not the variant βλέπων) as opening a content clause that genuinely suspends — ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἐκείνη never receives its predicate, and v. 9 starts afresh; vv. 10–11 are hung as coordinate γάρ-grounds beneath νῦν χαίρω, so the joy visibly carries the whole argument; in v. 12 πρὸς ὑμᾶς is taken with φανερωθῆναι ('made manifest to you'), reading τὴν σπουδὴν ὑμῶν τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν with the printed text against the swapped-pronoun variants; v. 13 is divided mid-verse, διὰ τοῦτο παρακεκλήμεθα sealing the letter-defense rather than opening the Titus movement; and in v. 15 ἀναμιμνῃσκομένου is read as a genitive participle agreeing with αὐτοῦ rather than a true genitive absolute.