Acts 13 — Clausal Layout (Greek)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

Set apart for me — the sending from Antioch 13:1–3

Ἦσαν δὲ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν προφῆται καὶ διδάσκαλοι,independent — scene-setting imperfect — the cosmopolitan leadership of the sending church

ὅ τε Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Συμεὼν ὁ καλούμενος Νίγερ,phrase modifier — the roster opens — Barnabas first (11:22–26); Niger, a Latin name

καὶ Λούκιος ὁ Κυρηναῖος,phrase modifier — Cyrene — the African reach of the Antioch church (11:20)

Μαναήν τε Ἡρῴδου τοῦ τετράρχου σύντροφος καὶ Σαῦλος.phrase modifier — σύντροφος — raised at court with Antipas; Saul named last, about to become first

Λειτουργούντων δὲ αὐτῶν τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ νηστευόντων,participial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning; λειτουργούντων, the cultic serving-verb

εἶπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον·independent — the Spirit speaks in person — the mission's true sender

Ἀφορίσατε δή μοι τὸν Βαρναβᾶν καὶ Σαῦλον εἰς τὸ ἔργονcontent — ἀφορίσατε δή — urgent particle; cf. Paul ἀφωρισμένος (Rom 1:1; Gal 1:15)

ὃ προσκέκλημαι αὐτούς.relative — perfect προσκέκλημαι — the call stands issued before the church acts

Τότε νηστεύσαντες καὶ προσευξάμενοι καὶ ἐπιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖςparticipial — three preposed aorist participles — the church's answering acts

ἀπέλυσαν.independent — ἀπέλυσαν — released; v. 4 corrects the agency: the Spirit sent them

Cyprus — the magician blinded, the proconsul believing 13:4–12

vv. 4–5 — Salamis: the word in the synagogues

Αὐτοὶ μὲν οὖν ἐκπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματοςparticipial — preposed passive participle — the true sender named; μὲν οὖν, Luke's resumptive

κατῆλθον εἰς Σελεύκειαν,independent — Antioch's port — sixteen miles to the sea

ἐκεῖθέν τε ἀπέπλευσαν εἰς Κύπρον.independent — Barnabas' home island (4:36) — the mission starts on known ground

καὶ γενόμενοι ἐν Σαλαμῖνιparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on κατήγγελλον

κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων·independent — iterative imperfect — synagogue first, the chapter's pattern (cf. v. 46)

εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην ὑπηρέτην.independent — John Mark (12:25) as ὑπηρέτης — his departure at v. 13 will divide Paul and Barnabas (15:37–39)

vv. 6–12 — Paphos: Bar-Jesus opposes, Paul pronounces, the proconsul believes

Διελθόντες δὲ ὅλην τὴν νῆσον ἄχρι Πάφουparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on εὗρον; Paphos, the proconsul's seat

εὗρον ἄνδρα τινὰ μάγον ψευδοπροφήτην Ἰουδαῖονindependent — the piled epithets — μάγος and ψευδοπροφήτης in one man

ᾧ ὄνομα Βαριησοῦ,relative — verbless naming idiom — 'son of Jesus,' an irony Luke leaves standing

ὃς ἦν σὺν τῷ ἀνθυπάτῳ Σεργίῳ Παύλῳ, ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ.relative — second relative on the same head — the court magician; ἀνθύπατος, exact for senatorial Cyprus

οὗτος προσκαλεσάμενος Βαρναβᾶν καὶ Σαῦλονparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on ἐπεζήτησεν; οὗτος is the proconsul

ἐπεζήτησεν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ·independent — ἐπεζήτησεν + complement infinitive — Roman power asks for the word

ἀνθίστατο δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἐλύμας ὁ μάγος,independent — conative imperfect — the resistance in progress

οὕτως γὰρ μεθερμηνεύεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ,cause — narrator's aside on the name — 'magician/wise one'; the gloss-crux noted

ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως.participial — purpose participle — διαστρέψαι, the verb Paul will hurl back (v. 10)

Σαῦλος δέ, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου ἀτενίσας εἰς αὐτὸνparticipial — ὁ καὶ Παῦλος — the Roman name enters here and 'Saul' never returns; Spirit-filling before the verdict

εἶπεν·independent — the speech-frame for the prophetic denunciation

Ὦ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας, υἱὲ διαβόλου, ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης,content — verbless triple vocative — υἱὲ διαβόλου answers 'Bar-Jesus': the true paternity

οὐ παύσῃ διαστρέφων τὰς εὐθείας ὁδοὺς τοῦ κυρίου;content — διαστρέφων returned on the perverter — echoing Hos 14:9; Prov 10:9 LXX

καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ χεὶρ κυρίου ἐπὶ σέ,content — verbless oracle — χεὶρ κυρίου, the Septuagintal judgment idiom

καὶ ἔσῃ τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον ἄχρι καιροῦ.content — ἄχρι καιροῦ — the blindness is disciplinary, as Paul's own was (9:8–18)

παραχρῆμα δὲ ἔπεσεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀχλὺς καὶ σκότος,independent — παραχρῆμα — Luke's 'instantly'; ἀχλύς, a medical rarity: the dimming before the dark

καὶ περιάγων ἐζήτει χειραγωγούς.independent — iterative imperfect — the seducer now needs χειραγωγούς, as Saul once was led (9:8)

τότε ἰδὼν ὁ ἀνθύπατος τὸ γεγονὸςparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on ἐπίστευσεν

ἐπίστευσεν,independent — the first named Gentile convert of the journey — a Roman governor

ἐκπλησσόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ κυρίου.participial — not at the miracle but at the διδαχή — Luke's accent

To Pisidian Antioch — the synagogue invitation 13:13–15

Ἀναχθέντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Πάφου οἱ περὶ Παῦλονparticipial — οἱ περὶ Παῦλον — Paul now heads the company; Barnabas slips to second

ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας·independent — the mainland reached

Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶνparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on ὑπέστρεψεν; the unexplained departure behind 15:38

ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα.independent — back to the mother city — not to Antioch

Αὐτοὶ δὲ διελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Πέργηςparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on παρεγένοντο; the climb to the Anatolian plateau

παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν τὴν Πισιδίαν,independent — a Roman colonia — the sermon's stage

καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτωνparticipial — preposed circumstantial — leans on ἐκάθισαν

ἐκάθισαν.independent — one verb — seated among the congregation, waiting

μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶνphrase modifier — fronted temporal phrase — the synagogue liturgy; leans on ἀπέστειλαν

ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἀρχισυνάγωγοι πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγοντες·independent — the invitation — the customary visitor's word offered

Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί,content — verbless address

εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν λόγος παρακλήσεως πρὸς τὸν λαόν,conditional — protasis leaning forward on λέγετε — λόγος παρακλήσεως, the sermon's genre named

λέγετε.content — the apodosis — one imperative opens the door to vv. 16–41

The sermon at Pisidian Antioch — Israel's story arrives at Jesus 13:16–41

v. 16 — the frame: Paul stands, and one εἶπεν carries the whole speech

ἀναστὰς δὲ Παῦλος καὶ κατασείσας τῇ χειρὶparticipial — two preposed participles — the orator's gesture; leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν·independent — the single verb of saying — all of vv. 16–41 hangs here

vv. 16–22 — the retrospect: from the choosing of the fathers to David

Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται καὶ οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν,content — the double audience — Israel and the God-fearers, the seam the chapter splits along

ἀκούσατε.content — the opening imperative — a Shema-like summons

ὁ θεὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου Ἰσραὴλ ἐξελέξατο τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν,content — ἐξελέξατο — election opens the history, as it will close the crux (v. 48)

καὶ τὸν λαὸν ὕψωσεν ἐν τῇ παροικίᾳ ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτου,content — ὕψωσεν — made them great in the very place of bondage

καὶ μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐξ αὐτῆς.content — μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ — the exodus formula (Exod 6:6; Deut 4:34 LXX)

καὶ ὡς τεσσαρακονταετῆ χρόνον ἐτροποφόρησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ·content — ἐτροποφόρησεν printed; rival ἐτροφοφόρησεν 'he carried them as a nurse' (Deut 1:31 LXX) — a one-letter crux

καὶ καθελὼν ἔθνη ἑπτὰ ἐν γῇ Χανάανparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on κατεκληρονόμησεν (Deut 7:1)

κατεκληρονόμησεν τὴν γῆν αὐτῶνcontent — κατεκληρονόμησεν — the allotment verb of Joshua LXX

ὡς ἔτεσιν τετρακοσίοις καὶ πεντήκοντα.phrase modifier — the round sum — Egypt, wilderness, and conquest reckoned together

Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔδωκεν κριτὰς ἕως Σαμουὴλ τοῦ προφήτου.content — the judges' era compressed to one clause; Samuel the hinge to kingship

κἀκεῖθεν ᾐτήσαντο βασιλέα,content — ᾐτήσαντο — the people's demand (1 Sam 8)

καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς τὸν Σαοὺλ υἱὸν Κίς, ἄνδρα ἐκ φυλῆς Βενιαμίν, ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα·content — Saul of Benjamin — the speaker's own name and tribe (Phil 3:5), quietly set aside

καὶ μεταστήσας αὐτὸνparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἤγειρεν; the rejection of Saul in one word

ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα,content — ἤγειρεν — the raising-verb that will turn resurrection at v. 30

ᾧ καὶ εἶπεν μαρτυρήσας·relative — the citation formula inside the relative

Εὗρον Δαυὶδ τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου,content — Ps 89:20 fused with 1 Sam 13:14 — a composite testimony

ὃς ποιήσει πάντα τὰ θελήματά μου.relative — Isa 44:28's phrase folded in — the obedient king, foil to Saul

vv. 23–25 — from David's seed, the promised Savior; John's disclaimer

τούτου ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος κατ᾽ ἐπαγγελίαν ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ σωτῆρα Ἰησοῦν,content — fronted τούτου — from David's line; κατ᾽ ἐπαγγελίαν (2 Sam 7:12), the sermon's keyword

προκηρύξαντος Ἰωάννου πρὸ προσώπου τῆς εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ βάπτισμα μετανοίας παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραήλ.participial — genitive absolute — the herald placed πρὸ προσώπου (cf. Mal 3:1)

ὡς δὲ ἐπλήρου Ἰωάννης τὸν δρόμον,conditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd; no temporal key) — imperfect, mid-course; δρόμος, the race Paul will claim too (20:24)

ἔλεγεν·content — iterative imperfect — the disclaimer repeated

Τί ἐμὲ ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι;content — the Baptist's question — the offered identification refused

οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ·content — the emphatic denial — οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ

ἀλλ᾽ ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται μετ᾽ ἐμὲcontent — the Coming One — the synoptic logion in Lukan dress

οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν λῦσαι.relative — the slave's task refused — cf. Luke 3:16; Mark 1:7

vv. 26–31 — the word of this salvation: Jerusalem's ignorance, the tree, the risen one and his witnesses

Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραὰμ καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑμῖν φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν,content — the address renewed — the sermon's second panel opens

ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης ἐξαπεστάλη.content — fronted ἡμῖν — to us, here, now; ἐξαπεστάλη, divine passive

οἱ γὰρ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν τοῦτον ἀγνοήσαντες,participial — preposed participle — the ignorance (ἀγνοήσαντες) that executed; leans on ἐπλήρωσαν

καὶ τὰς φωνὰς τῶν προφητῶν τὰς κατὰ πᾶν σάββατον ἀναγινωσκομένας κρίναντεςparticipial — the fronted object of ἐπλήρωσαν, with κρίναντες — Luke's irony: the readers fulfilled the readings

ἐπλήρωσαν.content — one verb lands the irony — fulfillment by misreading

καὶ μηδεμίαν αἰτίαν θανάτου εὑρόντεςparticipial — concessive preposed participle — leans on ᾐτήσαντο; Luke's innocence motif (Luke 23:4, 14, 22)

ᾐτήσαντο Πιλᾶτον ἀναιρεθῆναι αὐτόν.content — ᾐτήσαντο — as they once asked for a king (v. 21), they now ask for a death

ὡς δὲ ἐτέλεσαν πάντα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένα,conditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd; no temporal key) — even the burial belongs to the γεγραμμένα

καθελόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλουparticipial — preposed participle — ξύλον, the tree of Deut 21:22–23 (cf. 5:30; Gal 3:13)

ἔθηκαν εἰς μνημεῖον.content — the story's lowest line — the tomb before the ἤγειρεν

ὁ δὲ θεὸς ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν·content — ὁ δὲ θεός — the adversative pivot of the sermon, as of Acts (2:24; 3:15)

ὃς ὤφθη ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους τοῖς συναναβᾶσιν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ,relative — ὤφθη — the resurrection-appearance verb (1 Cor 15:5–8); the forty days of 1:3

οἵτινες νῦν εἰσιν μάρτυρες αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν λαόν.relative — μάρτυρες πρὸς τὸν λαόν — the Galileans to Israel; Paul's own witness begins at v. 32

vv. 32–37 — the promise fulfilled: Psalm 2, Isaiah 55, Psalm 16, and David's tomb

καὶ ἡμεῖς ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελιζόμεθα τὴν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἐπαγγελίαν γενομένην,content — emphatic ἡμεῖς ὑμᾶς — the witnesses' word arrives at this synagogue

ὅτι ταύτην ὁ θεὸς ἐκπεπλήρωκεν τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν ἡμῖνcontent — ἐκπεπλήρωκεν — perfect, and intensified: filled out to the full

ἀναστήσας Ἰησοῦν,participial — means participle — ἀναστήσας: raised onto history's stage, and from the dead; both senses ring

ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ ψαλμῷ γέγραπται τῷ δευτέρῳ·comparative — the citation formula — 'the second Psalm' expressly numbered

υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε.content — Ps 2:7 — the 'today' read of the resurrection, not the nativity (cf. Rom 1:4; Heb 1:5)

ὅτι δὲ ἀνέστησεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν μηκέτι μέλλοντα ὑποστρέφειν εἰς διαφθοράν,content — fronted ὅτι-clause, resumed by οὕτως — leans on εἴρηκεν; διαφθορά enters, the catchword of vv. 34–37

οὕτως εἴρηκεν ὅτιcontent — the second formula — εἴρηκεν with recitative ὅτι

δώσω ὑμῖν τὰ ὅσια Δαυὶδ τὰ πιστά.content — Isa 55:3 LXX — τὰ ὅσια, the bridge-word to Ps 16's ὅσιον

διότι καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει·cause — διότι — the ὅσια pledge argued from the ὅσιος text; gezerah shawah in Greek

Οὐ δώσεις τὸν ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν.content — Ps 16:10 — Peter's Pentecost text (2:27) now in Paul's mouth

Δαυὶδ μὲν γὰρ ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ ὑπηρετήσας τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ βουλῇparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἐκοιμήθη; ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ, his service bounded by his era

ἐκοιμήθηcontent — the sleep of death — the psalm cannot rest on the psalmist

καὶ προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦcontent — the patriarchal burial formula (Judg 2:10)

καὶ εἶδεν διαφθοράν·content — the blunt clause — David's tomb closes the Davidic reading (cf. 2:29)

ὃν δὲ ὁ θεὸς ἤγειρεν,relative — fronted headless relative — leans on the main clause below; ἤγειρεν a third time

οὐκ εἶδεν διαφθοράν.content — the syllogism lands — the ὅσιος of the psalm is the risen one

vv. 38–41 — forgiveness, justification, and the scoffers' warning

γνωστὸν οὖν ἔστω ὑμῖν, ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί,content — the herald's formula (2:14; 4:10) — the application begins

ὅτι διὰ τούτου ὑμῖν ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν καταγγέλλεται,content — διὰ τούτου — through the risen one; ἄφεσις, Luke's gospel-word (Luke 24:47)

καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν οὐκ ἠδυνήθητε ἐν νόμῳ Μωϋσέως δικαιωθῆναι,relative — fronted relative complex, resumed by ἐν τούτῳ — leans on δικαιοῦται below

ἐν τούτῳ πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων δικαιοῦται.content — δικαιοῦται — Paul's signature verb, its one full statement in Acts; πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων as Rom 10:4

βλέπετε οὖνcontent — the turn to warning — the sermon's last imperative

μὴ ἐπέλθῃ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις·content — μή + subjunctive after the verb of caution — the citation formula for Habakkuk

Ἴδετε, οἱ καταφρονηταί, καὶ θαυμάσατε καὶ ἀφανίσθητε,content — Hab 1:5 LXX — καταφρονηταί, the Septuagint's 'despisers' for the Hebrew 'among the nations'

ὅτι ἔργον ἐργάζομαι ἐγὼ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ὑμῶν,cause — the divine first person — the work underway in their own days

ἔργον ὃ οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητεrelative — οὐ μή + subjunctive — emphatic future denial; πιστεύσητε, the word the chapter turns on

ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν.conditional — backward concessive ἐάν — anchored, εἴπερ-style; someone is recounting it even now

The aftermath — the turn to the Gentiles 13:42–52

vv. 42–43 — begged for more; urged to continue in grace

Ἐξιόντων δὲ αὐτῶνparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on παρεκάλουν

παρεκάλουν εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον λαληθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα.independent — iterative imperfect — the congregation's appetite; μεταξύ, 'the next' sabbath

λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆςparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on ἠκολούθησαν

ἠκολούθησαν πολλοὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ τῶν σεβομένων προσηλύτων τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ τῷ Βαρναβᾷ,independent — the first harvest — Jews and proselytes both; ἠκολούθησαν, the discipleship verb

οἵτινες προσλαλοῦντες αὐτοῖς ἔπειθον αὐτοὺς προσμένειν τῇ χάριτι τοῦ θεοῦ.relative — οἵτινες = Paul and Barnabas; conative imperfect ἔπειθον; προσμένειν τῇ χάριτι, the pastoral keynote

vv. 44–48 — the whole city, the jealousy, the declared turn, the appointed

Τῷ δὲ ἐρχομένῳ σαββάτῳ σχεδὸν πᾶσα ἡ πόλις συνήχθηindependent — σχεδὸν πᾶσα ἡ πόλις — the Gentile city itself, not the synagogue only

ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου.purpose — purpose infinitive — the word draws the crowd

ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τοὺς ὄχλουςparticipial — preposed participle — the sight that ignites; leans on ἐπλήσθησαν

ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλουindependent — ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου — the counter-filling to v. 9's πλησθεὶς πνεύματος

καὶ ἀντέλεγον τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λαλουμένοιςindependent — iterative imperfect — point-by-point opposition

βλασφημοῦντες.participial — manner participle — one word darkens contradiction into blasphemy

παρρησιασάμενοί τε ὁ Παῦλος καὶ ὁ Βαρναβᾶςparticipial — παρρησιασάμενοι — Acts' boldness-word; preposed on εἶπαν

εἶπαν·independent — the joint declaration — both names on the sentence

Ὑμῖν ἦν ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ·content — ἀναγκαῖον — the 'to the Jew first' of Rom 1:16 as salvation-historical necessity

ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπωθεῖσθε αὐτὸνcause — ἐπειδή — forward-leaning grounds for the turn; ἀπωθεῖσθε, their own hands push

καὶ οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτοὺς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς,cause — the self-passed sentence — κρίνετε ἑαυτούς; v. 27's κρίναντες returns as irony

ἰδοὺ στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη.content — the programmatic turn — repeated at 18:6; 28:28; present tense: the turning happens as they speak

οὕτως γὰρ ἐντέταλται ἡμῖν ὁ κύριος·cause — the turn is obedience, not pique — perfect ἐντέταλται

Τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶνcontent — Isa 49:6 — the Servant's commission (cf. Luke 2:32) claimed as the missionaries' mandate

τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς.purpose — τοῦ + infinitive of purpose — ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς, the program of 1:8 given its warrant

ἀκούοντα δὲ τὰ ἔθνηparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἔχαιρον

ἔχαιρονindependent — inceptive imperfect — the chapter's joy motif opens

καὶ ἐδόξαζον τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου,independent — the word itself glorified — Luke's high phrase for reception

καὶ ἐπίστευσανindependent — the aorist among the imperfects — the decisive act

ὅσοι ἦσαν τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον.relative — ἦσαν τεταγμένοι — 'appointed' (divine ordering) or 'enrolled'; the chapter's chief crux, answering v. 46's self-judgment, left open

vv. 49–52 — the word spreads, the missionaries expelled, the disciples full of joy

Διεφέρετο δὲ ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς χώρας.independent — imperfect διεφέρετο — the word, not the missionaries, is the subject

οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι παρώτρυναν τὰς σεβομένας γυναῖκας τὰς εὐσχήμονας καὶ τοὺς πρώτους τῆς πόλεωςindependent — influence through the influential — the God-fearing women and the civic first men

καὶ ἐπήγειραν διωγμὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Παῦλον καὶ τὸν Βαρναβᾶνindependent — διωγμός — the mission's pattern fixed: word, division, expulsion

καὶ ἐξέβαλον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν.independent — ἐξέβαλον — cast out of the ὅρια; the missionaries take the leper's place outside

οἱ δὲ ἐκτιναξάμενοι τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺςparticipial — the commanded gesture (Luke 9:5; 10:11) — preposed on ἦλθον

ἦλθον εἰς Ἰκόνιον.independent — the road east — the mission does not stop, it moves

οἵ τε μαθηταὶ ἐπληροῦντο χαρᾶς καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου.independent — imperfect ἐπληροῦντο — the chapter closes on its third filling: not jealousy but joy and the Spirit

Analysis. Acts 13 is the pivot of the book, and the page falls into two shapes. The narrative frames (vv. 1–15, 42–52) read like Mark: purple main clauses down the left margin, with Luke's preposed circumstantial participles and genitive absolutes leaning forward, anchor-less, on the verbs below them (Λειτουργούντων … καὶ νηστευόντων before the Spirit speaks, λυθείσης τῆς συναγωγῆς, παρρησιασάμενοι before the great εἶπαν), and the Antioch roster of v. 1 hanging as verbless appositions under προφῆται. The center of the chapter is Paul's Pisidian-Antioch sermon (vv. 16–41), his longest in Acts, held in one section as a single blue catena: every main assertion hangs at one constant depth under the lone εἶπεν of v. 16, movement labels marking its turns (retrospect to David, the Savior announced, the Jerusalem irony, the resurrection, the proofs, the warning), while its quotations step one deeper beneath their citation formulas — 1 Sam 13:14 with Ps 89:20 under ᾧ καὶ εἶπεν μαρτυρήσας, Ps 2:7 under γέγραπται (sonship declared at the resurrection, as in Rom 1:4 and Heb 1:5 — a crux the layout inherits), Isa 55:3 under εἴρηκεν, Ps 16:10 under λέγει, and Hab 1:5 under τὸ εἰρημένον. Cruxes are named in the tags rather than hidden: Σαῦλος ὁ καὶ Παῦλος at v. 9, where the Roman name permanently displaces the Hebrew; ἐτροποφόρησεν ('he bore with them') at v. 18 against the rival ἐτροφοφόρησεν ('he carried them as a nurse,' Deut 1:31 LXX); the fronted ὅτι- and ἀπὸ-πάντων-clauses of vv. 34 and 39 that lean forward on their resumptive main clauses, the latter carrying Paul's signature δικαιοῦται into Acts; Isa 49:6, the Servant's commission, quoted at v. 47 as the missionaries' own mandate; and ὅσοι ἦσαν τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον at v. 48 — 'appointed' by God or 'enrolled' for life, the chapter's chief theological crux, glossed but left open.