independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
Iconium — the word, the divided city, the flight 14:1–7
vv. 1–4 — the same pattern, the same split: belief, agitation, bold persistence
1
Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν Ἰκονίῳ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ λαλῆσαι οὕτωςindependent — Semitic ἐγένετο + infinitives — the Pisidian-Antioch pattern repeated; κατὰ τὸ αὐτό read 'together' (the other option: 'in the same manner')
ὥστε πιστεῦσαι Ἰουδαίων τε καὶ Ἑλλήνων πολὺ πλῆθος.purpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result (typed pur; no result key), the fronted οὕτως pointing to it
2
οἱ δὲ ἀπειθήσαντες Ἰουδαῖοι ἐπήγειραν καὶ ἐκάκωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν.independent — ἀπειθήσαντες — unbelief as disobedience (cf. Rom 11:30); the counter-movement to v. 1; the Western text expands here, not followed
3
ἱκανὸν μὲν οὖν χρόνον διέτριψανindependent — μὲν οὖν — the response to agitation is not flight but staying
παρρησιαζόμενοι ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳparticipial — manner participle — παρρησία resting ἐπί the Lord as its basis
τῷ μαρτυροῦντι τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ,participial — attributive participle — the Lord himself attests the message
διδόντι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα γίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν.participial — second attributive participle — the witness specified: the σημεῖα-καὶ-τέρατα formula
4
ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως,independent — ἐσχίσθη — the city torn in two; the gospel divides (cf. Lk 12:51)
καὶ οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοιςindependent — οἱ μέν — the synagogue party
οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις.independent — οἱ δέ with the verb elided — Paul and Barnabas called ἀπόστολοι for the first time in Acts
vv. 5–7 — the planned stoning becomes known; flight to Lycaonia, still preaching
5
ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο ὁρμὴ τῶν ἐθνῶν τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων σὺν τοῖς ἄρχουσιν αὐτῶνconditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd; no temporal key) — suspended to v. 6, leaning on κατέφυγον; Gentiles, Jews, and rulers in one hostile front
ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς,purpose — purpose infinitives on ὁρμή — the stoning planned here lands at v. 19
6
συνιδόντεςparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on κατέφυγον; one word of perception
κατέφυγον εἰς τὰς πόλεις τῆς Λυκαονίας Λύστραν καὶ Δέρβην καὶ τὴν περίχωρον,independent — the apodosis of vv. 5–6 — prudent flight (cf. Mt 10:23); the next stage of the mission named
7
κἀκεῖ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἦσαν.independent — periphrastic imperfect — flight does not silence the mission; the section closes preaching
Lystra — the lame man healed, the apotheosis averted 14:8–18
vv. 8–10 — the man lame from birth, and the word that stands him up
8
Καί τις ἀνὴρ ἀδύνατος τοῖς ποσὶν ἐκάθητο ἐν Λύστροις,independent — the scene set — imperfect ἐκάθητο, his permanent posture; first descriptor
χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων,participial — second descriptor — ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός, congenital (cf. 3:2, the Beautiful Gate)
ὃς οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν.relative — third descriptor — the triple helplessness measures the healing's completeness
9
οὗτος ἤκουσεν τοῦ Παύλου λαλοῦντος·independent — οὗτος resumptive — hearing the word precedes the healing
ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷparticipial — relative ὅς shifts the subject to Paul; preposed participle leaning on εἶπεν (v. 10) — ἀτενίζω, the Lukan gaze (3:4; 7:55)
καὶ ἰδὼνparticipial — second preposed participle — discerning perception, not mere sight
ὅτι ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι,content — ὅτι-content — σωθῆναι, 'healed' or 'saved,' the double sense left open
10
εἶπεν μεγάλῃ φωνῇ·independent — the apodosis of the suspended period of vv. 9–10 — the healing word spoken publicly
Ἀνάστηθι ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας σου ὀρθός.content — the one spoken word — ἀνίστημι, the resurrection verb; the πόδες of v. 8 addressed directly
καὶ ἥλατοindependent — ἅλλομαι — the leap of Isa 35:6, as at the Beautiful Gate (3:8)
καὶ περιεπάτει.independent — inceptive imperfect — οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν (v. 8) reversed word for word
vv. 11–13 — the Lycaonian cry: Barnabas-Zeus, Paul-Hermes, and the priest's oxen
11
οἵ τε ὄχλοι ἰδόντεςparticipial — preposed participle carrying the subject — leans on ἐπῆραν
ὃ ἐποίησεν Παῦλοςrelative — headless relative — the object of the seeing
ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν Λυκαονιστὶindependent — Λυκαονιστί — NT hapax; the vernacular explains the apostles' delayed comprehension (v. 14)
λέγοντες·participial — speech-participle — the frame for the cry
Οἱ θεοὶ ὁμοιωθέντες ἀνθρώποις κατέβησαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς.content — the apotheosis cry — the local Zeus-and-Hermes visitation myth (Ovid, Met. 8) behind it
12
ἐκάλουν τε τὸν Βαρναβᾶν Δία, τὸν δὲ Παῦλον Ἑρμῆν,independent — iterative imperfect — the naming kept up; double accusative of person and name
ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ ἡγούμενος τοῦ λόγου.cause — ἐπειδή — the reason tagged: Hermes the herald-god for the ἡγούμενος τοῦ λόγου
13
ὅ τε ἱερεὺς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὄντος πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ταύρους καὶ στέμματα ἐπὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας ἐνέγκαςparticipial — preposed participle carrying the subject — leans on ἤθελεν; the Zeus-πρὸ-τῆς-πόλεως cult, the gate-shrine of the guardian god
σὺν τοῖς ὄχλοις ἤθελεν θύειν.independent — conative imperfect ἤθελεν — the attempt in progress, cut off at v. 14
vv. 14–18 — torn garments, and the we-are-men speech
14
Ἀκούσαντες δὲ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Παῦλος,participial — preposed participle — leans on ἐξεπήδησαν; Barnabas named first, the supposed Zeus
διαρρήξαντες τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶνparticipial — the Jewish horror-at-blasphemy gesture (cf. Mk 14:63), turned by two Jews against their own deification
ἐξεπήδησαν εἰς τὸν ὄχλονindependent — ἐκπηδάω — NT hapax; the urgent spring into the mob
κράζοντεςparticipial — the speech-frame opens — the cry runs through vv. 15–17
15
καὶ λέγοντες·participial — coordinate speech-participle — with κράζοντες, the double frame for the speech
Ἄνδρες, τί ταῦτα ποιεῖτε;content — the urgent opening question — the sacrifice already in motion
καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν ἄνθρωποι,content — ὁμοιοπαθεῖς — the speech's core denial (cf. Jas 5:17); ἄνθρωποι against the θεοί of v. 11
εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ματαίων ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ θεὸν ζῶντα,participial — the participle carries the appeal — τὰ μάταια, the LXX word for idols (Jer 2:5); ἐπιστρέφειν, conversion (1 Thess 1:9)
ὃς ἐποίησεν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς·relative — the creator-formula (Ex 20:11; Ps 146:6) — Jewish monotheism preached to pagans, the counterpart of Acts 17
16
ὃς ἐν ταῖς παρῳχημέναις γενεαῖς εἴασεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη πορεύεσθαι ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν·relative — second relative on θεὸν ζῶντα — divine permission, not approval; the patience 17:30 calls 'overlooked'
17
καίτοι οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον αὐτὸν ἀφῆκενcontent — καίτοι — concessive against εἴασεν (v. 16); rare literary particle (elsewhere Heb 4:3); typed cnt as a coordinate member of the speech
ἀγαθοποιῶν,participial — the witness named — beneficence itself testifies
οὐρανόθεν ὑμῖν ὑετοὺς διδοὺς καὶ καιροὺς καρποφόρους,participial — the good specified — rain and harvest, the Anatolian farmer's witness; οὐρανόθεν, NT hapax
ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν.participial — the third participle — satisfaction itself points to the Giver (Ps 145:16)
18
καὶ ταῦτα λέγοντεςparticipial — concessive participle — preposed, leaning on κατέπαυσαν
μόλις κατέπαυσαν τοὺς ὄχλουςindependent — μόλις — the near-failure that measures the crowd's fervour
τοῦ μὴ θύειν αὐτοῖς.purpose — genitive articular infinitive of prevention (typed pur) — the θύειν of v. 13 stopped; the circle closes
The stoning of Paul — and on to Derbe 14:19–20
19
Ἐπῆλθαν δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀντιοχείας καὶ Ἰκονίου Ἰουδαῖοι,independent — the pursuing opponents of chs. 13–14 arrive — the pivot from worship to murder
καὶ πείσαντες τοὺς ὄχλουςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἔσυρον; the near-worshippers of v. 18 turned
καὶ λιθάσαντες τὸν Παῦλονparticipial — the λιθοβολῆσαι planned at Iconium (v. 5) lands here (cf. 2 Cor 11:25; Gal 6:17)
ἔσυρον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως,independent — imperfect ἔσυρον — the slow, degrading dragging; outside the city, as his Lord (Heb 13:12)
νομίζοντες αὐτὸν τεθνηκέναι.participial — νομίζοντες — mistaken; perfect τεθνηκέναι, dead and done with
20
κυκλωσάντων δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτὸνparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning; the circle around the body, probably of prayer
ἀναστὰςparticipial — ἀναστάς — the Ἀνάστηθι of v. 10 now in Paul's own body; the resurrection resonance named, not resolved
εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν.independent — back into the city that stoned him — courage as witness
Καὶ τῇ ἐπαύριον σὺν τῷ Βαρναβᾷ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Δέρβην.independent — the next-day departure — resolve undimmed; the outward journey's last city
The return through the churches — strengthening, warning, appointing 14:21–23
21
Εὐαγγελισάμενοί τε τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνηνparticipial — preposed participle — Derbe's whole mission in one word; leans on ὑπέστρεψαν
καὶ μαθητεύσαντες ἱκανοὺςparticipial — μαθητεύω transitive — elsewhere only Mt 28:19; the commission enacted
ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς τὴν Λύστραν καὶ εἰς Ἰκόνιον καὶ εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν,independent — the return circuit — back through every hostile city, in reverse order
22
ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν,participial — present participle — the return's pastoral purpose
παρακαλοῦντες ἐμμένειν τῇ πίστει,participial — παρακαλέω — exhortation and encouragement in one verb; ἐμμένειν, to stay inside the faith under pressure
καὶ ὅτι διὰ πολλῶν θλίψεων δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.content — ὅτι-content with an implied λέγοντες — the Lukan δεῖ: tribulation the appointed kingdom-road; 'we,' the preachers included
23
χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς κατ᾽ ἐκκλησίαν πρεσβυτέρους,participial — preposed participle — leans on παρέθεντο; χειροτονέω, by NT times appointment, no longer election by show of hands
προσευξάμενοι μετὰ νηστειῶνparticipial — prayer and fasting — the pair that launched the mission (13:2–3) now seals its churches
παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς τῷ κυρίῳindependent — παρατίθημι — entrustment and release (cf. Lk 23:46); the missionaries let go
εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν.relative — pluperfect — the standing fact of their faith grounds the entrusting
Back to Antioch — the door of faith reported 14:24–28
vv. 24–26 — the itinerary home: Pisidia, Pamphylia, Perga, Attalia, the sail to Antioch
24
καὶ διελθόντες τὴν Πισιδίανparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἦλθον; the itinerary quickens
ἦλθον εἰς τὴν Παμφυλίαν.independent — down from the Anatolian plateau toward the coast
25
καὶ λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγονparticipial — Perga, passed through without preaching on the way out (13:13–14), receives the word on the return
κατέβησαν εἰς Ἀττάλειαν,independent — geographically exact — from inland Perga down to the port
26
κἀκεῖθεν ἀπέπλευσαν εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν,independent — Syrian Antioch — the sending church; the circle of 13:1–3 closes
ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ θεοῦrelative — ὅθεν with periphrastic pluperfect — the 13:3 commissioning recalled; grace the mission's power throughout
εἰς τὸ ἔργονphrase modifier — the ἔργον of 13:2 — 'the work to which I have called them'
ὃ ἐπλήρωσαν.relative — ἐπλήρωσαν — the mission not aborted by stones but fulfilled
vv. 27–28 — the report to the sending church, and the long rest
27
Παραγενόμενοι δὲparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἀνήγγελλον
καὶ συναγαγόντες τὴν ἐκκλησίανparticipial — the whole assembly convened to hear the account
ἀνήγγελλονindependent — imperfect — the long, detailed telling of the journey
ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ αὐτῶνcontent — ὅσα-clause as the report's content — God the subject of the mission, the missionaries instruments
καὶ ὅτι ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως.content — θύρα πίστεως — the Pauline open-door metaphor (1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12) for the Gentile mission; the chapter's verdict
28
διέτριβον δὲ ἐκεῖ χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον σὺν τοῖς μαθηταῖς.independent — Lukan litotes οὐκ ὀλίγον — the long rest that sets up Acts 15; διατρίβω echoes the Iconium stay of v. 3
Analysis. Acts 14 is Lukan narrative at full stride, and the page shows it: purple aorist main verbs run down the left margin — they remained, the city was split, they fled, he leaped, they stoned, they returned, they sailed — while Luke's favorite device, the preposed aorist participle, indents anchor-less above verb after verb, loading each clause before its verb strikes (συνιδόντες, Ἀκούσαντες, διαρρήξαντες, πείσαντες and λιθάσαντες, the genitive absolute κυκλωσάντων, Εὐαγγελισάμενοί, χειροτονήσαντες, Παραγενόμενοι). Twice the syntax suspends across a verse boundary and the layout keeps the lean visible: the temporal ὡς of v. 5 (typed cnd; there is no temporal key) hangs above its apodosis κατέφυγον in v. 6, and the relative period of v. 9 — ὃς with its two participles of gazing and perceiving — waits for εἶπεν in v. 10, whose one-word command Ἀνάστηθι answers the triple helplessness of v. 8 (ἀδύνατος, χωλός, οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν) point for point. Speech hangs blue: the Lycaonian cry under its λέγοντες, and the little natural-theology speech of vv. 15–17 as a cnt catena under the κράζοντες-καὶ-λέγοντες frame — the urgent question, the ὁμοιοπαθεῖς denial whose living-God appeal chains down through the creator-relative, and the καίτοι clause (concessive; typed cnt as a coordinate member of the speech, its tag naming the concession against εἴασεν) with its rain-and-fruitful-seasons witness. Choices the layout takes a side on: κατὰ τὸ αὐτό in v. 1 is rendered 'together' (against 'in the same manner'); the ὥστε-result of v. 1 and the τοῦ μὴ θύειν of v. 18 are typed pur (no result key); σωθῆναι in v. 9 is glossed 'healed' with the salvation overtone noted; ἀναστάς in v. 20 is left as recovery with the resurrection resonance named, not resolved; the shorter (non-Western) text of v. 2 is followed; and Paul and Barnabas stand as οἱ ἀπόστολοι (vv. 4, 14), Luke's broader use of the title flagged in the tags.