Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 14ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ ΙΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν Ἰκονίῳ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ λαλῆσαι οὕτως ὥστε πιστεῦσαι Ἰουδαίων τε καὶ Ἑλλήνων πολὺ πλῆθος.

Now it happened in Iconium that they entered the synagogue of the Jews together and spoke in such a way that a great multitude both of Jews and of Greeks believed.

Narrative continuationδέA new city, the same pattern: synagogue entry, preaching, and a large harvest. κατὰ τὸ αὐτό ('together' or 'in the same manner') marks continuity of method from Pisidian Antioch.
Ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (Semitic narrative formula, ἐγένετο + inf.)→ constative aorist (single narrative event)γίνομαι: 'to happen/become'; the formula ἐγένετο + inf. is a Lukan Septuagintalism (cf. Lk 1:8).
δέnownarrative particle (mild contrast/continuation)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ἸκονίῳIconiumDativedative of placeἸκόνιον: major city in southern Galatia (modern Konya, Turkey); a natural next stop from Pisidian Antioch.
κατὰinpreposition + accusative (manner/norm)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αὐτό forming idiomatic phrase)
αὐτὸsame (manner)Accusativeadverbial accusative (κατὰ τὸ αὐτό = 'together / in the same way')
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive in ἐγένετο + inf. construction (subject: αὐτούς)→ constative aorist (simple entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'to enter'; the synagogue entry is the standard Pauline missionary pattern.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
συναγωγὴνsynagogueAccusativeaccusative of goal (object of εἰσελθεῖν)συναγωγή: 'gathering-place'; the Jewish assembly and its building — Luke's primary setting for Paul's mission in each new city.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitivegenitive of possessionἸουδαῖος: 'Jew'; identifies the synagogue's Jewish community.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λαλῆσαιto speakAor Act Inf · λαλέωsecond infinitive in ἐγένετο construction (coordinate with εἰσελθεῖν)→ constative aorist (their preaching as a whole)λαλέω: 'to speak'; in Acts often the technical term for gospel proclamation.
οὕτωςin such a wayadverb of manner (resumptive, pointing to the ὥστε clause)
ὥστεthatconsecutive conjunction introducing result clause
πιστεῦσαιto believeAor Act Inf · πιστεύωinfinitive in ὥστε + inf. result clause→ constative aorist (the act of coming to faith)πιστεύω: 'to believe/trust'; in Acts the standard word for conversion-faith.
Ἰουδαίωνof JewsGenitivepartitive genitive (subject of πιστεῦσαι = πολὺ πλῆθος ... Ἰουδαίων τε καὶ Ἑλλήνων)
τεbothenclitic particle (correlative: τε ... καί = 'both ... and')
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (second element of τε ... καί)
Ἑλλήνωνof GreeksGenitivepartitive genitive (coordinated with Ἰουδαίων)Ἕλλην: 'Greek'; here God-fearing Gentile synagogue-attenders, not diaspora Jews.
πολὺgreatNominativeattributive adjective
πλῆθοςmultitudeNominativesubject of πιστεῦσαι (accusative expected but Lukan idiom allows nom. with ὥστε + inf.)πλῆθος: 'multitude/crowd'; a favorite Lukan word for large groups of converts.
2

οἱ δὲ ἀπειθήσαντες Ἰουδαῖοι ἐπήγειραν καὶ ἐκάκωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν.

But the Jews who disobeyed stirred up and embittered the souls of the Gentiles against the brothers.

Adversative counter-movementδέThe contrast between the believing multitude (v.1) and the disobedient Jews (v.2) is stark; ἀπειθήσαντες marks willful rejection of the gospel as disobedience (cf. Rom 11:30).
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle ἀπειθήσαντες)
δέbutadversative particle
ἀπειθήσαντεςhaving disobeyedAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀπειθέωsubstantival participle (subject of ἐπήγειραν)→ constative aorist (their rejection as a settled act)ἀπειθέω: 'to disobey/disbelieve'; frames unbelief as active rebellion against the word.
ἸουδαῖοιJewsNominativenominative in apposition to οἱ ἀπειθήσαντες
ἐπήγειρανstirred upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπεγείρωmain verb→ constative aorist (their agitation as a single act)ἐπεγείρω: 'to stir up/rouse against'; a NT hapax with the sense of inciting hostility.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκάκωσανembitteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κακόωsecond main verb (coordinate with ἐπήγειραν)→ constative aorist (the poisoning of minds)κακόω: 'to harm/embitter'; here 'poison the minds of,' making the Gentiles hostile (cf. Acts 7:6, 19).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὰςsouls / mindsAccusativeaccusative object (of ἐκάκωσαν)ψυχή: 'soul/life/person'; here denoting the inner disposition — minds made hostile.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἐθνῶνGentilesGenitivegenitive of possession (whose souls)ἔθνος: 'nation/Gentile'; the non-Jewish population of Iconium.
κατὰagainstpreposition + genitive (hostile direction)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἀδελφῶνbrothersGenitivegenitive object of κατά (against whom hostility is directed)ἀδελφός: 'brother'; Luke's term for the missionary pair as leaders of the community.
3

ἱκανὸν μὲν οὖν χρόνον διέτριψαν παρρησιαζόμενοι ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ τῷ μαρτυροῦντι τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ, διδόντι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα γίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν.

So they remained for a considerable time speaking boldly in the Lord, who bore witness to the word of his grace, granting signs and wonders to be done through their hands.

Resumptive inferenceμὲν οὖνDespite the opposition of v.2, the missionaries' response is not flight but bold persistence (παρρησιαζόμενοι). The Lord's confirming miracles are the ground and vindication of their staying.
ἱκανὸνconsiderableAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χρόνον)ἱκανός: 'sufficient/considerable'; a Lukan favorite for an unspecified but substantial span.
μὲνindeedparticle (μὲν οὖν = resumptive 'so then')
οὖνthereforeinferential particle (with μέν forms resumptive/inferential pair)
χρόνονtimeAccusativeaccusative of durationχρόνος: 'time'; accusative of extent of time — they stayed a considerable period.
διέτριψανthey remainedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · διατρίβωmain verb→ constative aorist (the whole Iconium stay viewed as a unit)διατρίβω: 'to spend time/stay'; a Lukan word for missionary residency in a city.
παρρησιαζόμενοιspeaking boldlyPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · παρρησιάζομαιadverbial participle of manner (how they remained)→ progressive present (ongoing boldness despite opposition)παρρησιάζομαι: 'to speak freely/boldly'; from παρρησία ('freedom of speech'); in Acts marks Spirit-enabled fearlessness before hostile audiences.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + dative (basis/reliance: 'resting on the Lord')
τῷtheDativearticle
κυρίῳLordDativedative object of ἐπί (the one on whom they relied)κύριος: 'Lord'; here the exalted Christ, who acts through the missionaries.
τῷthe oneDativearticle (substantivizing the participle μαρτυροῦντι)
μαρτυροῦντιbearing witnessPres Act Ptc Dat Sg Masc · μαρτυρέωattributive participle (describing the Lord who confirms the word)→ progressive present (the Lord's ongoing attestation)μαρτυρέω: 'to testify/bear witness'; in Acts God/Spirit actively confirms apostolic preaching through miracles.
τῷto theDativearticle
λόγῳwordDativedative object of μαρτυροῦντι (indirect: 'bearing witness to the word')λόγος: 'word'; here the gospel message the apostles preach.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
χάριτοςgraceGenitivegenitive of source/content ('the word that is grace')χάρις: 'grace/favor'; the gospel as the message of God's undeserved favor (cf. Acts 20:24).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the Lord's grace)
διδόντιgrantingPres Act Ptc Dat Sg Masc · δίδωμιsecond attributive participle (further describing the Lord: the one granting signs)→ progressive present (ongoing granting of miraculous attestation)δίδωμι: 'to give/grant'; here the Lord as the divine agent behind the signs.
σημεῖαsignsAccusativeaccusative object of δίδωμι (with γίνεσθαι as complement: 'grant signs to happen')σημεῖον: 'sign'; a wonder pointing beyond itself to divine activity.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τέραταwondersAccusativeaccusative object (coordinate with σημεῖα)τέρας: 'wonder/portent'; the paired phrase σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα is a fixed LXX/Acts formula for divine miracles confirming a message.
γίνεσθαιto be donePres Mid Inf · γίνομαιinfinitive (complementary to διδόντι: 'grant signs to come into being')→ progressive present (ongoing miraculous events)
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of intermediate agent (through their hands)χείρ: 'hand'; the apostles' hands are the physical instrument of divine power.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
4

ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως, καὶ οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις.

But the multitude of the city was divided; and some were with the Jews, while others were with the apostles.

Resultant divisionδέThe gospel always divides (cf. Lk 12:51). Luke uses the political vocabulary of faction (ἐσχίσθη — 'was torn/split') and names the two camps: the synagogue party and the apostolic party. Note the first explicit use of 'apostles' (ἀποστόλοι) for Paul and Barnabas in Acts.
ἐσχίσθηwas dividedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σχίζωmain verb (divine/impersonal passive)→ constative aorist (the split as a single decisive outcome)σχίζω: 'to split/tear'; used of tearing garments and of the temple veil; here city-wide social fracture.
δέbutadversative/narrative particle
τὸtheNominativearticle
πλῆθοςmultitudeNominativenominative subjectπλῆθος: 'multitude'; the same word used in v.1 for the converts — now the whole civic body is in view.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of source/wholeπόλις: 'city'; Iconium's entire population is affected.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing the elaboration)
οἱsomeNominativearticle (substantival: οἱ μέν ... οἱ δέ = 'some ... others')
μένon the one handcorrelative particle (μέν ... δέ = contrasting pair)
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (imperfect of state)→ progressive imperfect (their sustained alignment with each camp)
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (association/side)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἸουδαίοιςJewsDativedative object of σύν
οἱothersNominativearticle (second element of μέν ... δέ contrast)
δέon the other handcontrastive particle (second element of μέν ... δέ)
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (association)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἀποστόλοιςapostlesDativedative object of σύνἀπόστολος: 'apostle/sent one'; here applied to both Paul and Barnabas — a broader use than the Twelve (cf. 1 Cor 15:7; Gal 1:19).
5

ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο ὁρμὴ τῶν ἐθνῶν τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων σὺν τοῖς ἄρχουσιν αὐτῶν ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς,

And when there was an assault by both Gentiles and Jews with their rulers to mistreat and stone them,

Temporal setting (climactic threat)δέThe verse is an incomplete temporal clause (ὡς ... ἐγένετο ... ὑβρίσαι), suspended to v.6. The joining of Gentiles, Jews, and civic rulers against the apostles echoes Luke's passion narrative (Lk 23:12) — a unified front of opposition.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction (introducing the temporal clause resolved in v.6)
δέandnarrative particle
ἐγένετοthere wasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of temporal clause→ constative aorist (the assault as an event)γίνομαι: 'to arise/occur'; ὡς ἐγένετο ὁρμή = 'when an assault arose.'
ὁρμὴassault / rushNominativenominative subject of ἐγένετοὁρμή: 'rush/impulse/assault'; in Acts 14 the only NT instance for a mob attack; the word implies sudden violent movement.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἐθνῶνGentilesGenitivegenitive of source (subjective: the Gentiles mount the assault)
τεbothenclitic particle (τε ... καί = 'both ... and')
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (second element of τε ... καί)
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitivegenitive of source (coordinated with ἐθνῶν)
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἄρχουσινrulersDativedative object of σύν (the civic magistrates join the mob)ἄρχων: 'ruler/official'; civic leaders lending institutional weight to the violence.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (their rulers)
ὑβρίσαιto mistreatAor Act Inf · ὑβρίζωinfinitive of purpose (ὁρμή + inf.: the purpose of the assault)→ constative aorist (the intended act of violence)ὑβρίζω: 'to insult/mistreat violently'; cf. the cognate ὕβρις, wanton violence with intent to humiliate.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λιθοβολῆσαιto stoneAor Act Inf · λιθοβολέωsecond infinitive of purpose (coordinate with ὑβρίσαι)→ constative aorist (the intended lethal act)λιθοβολέω: 'to stone'; the Jewish penalty for blasphemy; anticipates the actual stoning of v.19.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of both infinitives
6

συνιδόντες κατέφυγον εἰς τὰς πόλεις τῆς Λυκαονίας Λύστραν καὶ Δέρβην καὶ τὴν περίχωρον,

they became aware of it and fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra and Derbe, and the surrounding region,

Apodosis (resolution of vv.5–6 temporal clause)asyndetonThe main clause resolving the suspended ὡς clause: flight is the apostles' prudent response (cf. Mt 10:23). The list Λύστραν καὶ Δέρβην specifies the two cities of the next phase.
συνιδόντεςhaving become awareAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · συνοράωadverbial participle of time/means (precedes and enables the flight)→ constative aorist (the moment of perception)συνοράω: 'to perceive together/become aware'; a verb of sudden understanding of a dangerous situation.
κατέφυγονthey fledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταφεύγωmain verb (apodosis of the ὡς clause)→ constative aorist (the flight as a single decisive act)καταφεύγω: 'to flee/take refuge'; the κατα- prefix intensifies the urgency of escape.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of flight)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative of goal
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΛυκαονίαςLycaoniaGenitivegenitive of regionΛυκαονία: a district of south-central Anatolia; Lystra and Derbe were its main cities.
ΛύστρανLystraAccusativeaccusative in apposition to πόλειςΛύστρα: a Roman colony in Lycaonia; Timothy's home city (Acts 16:1–2).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΔέρβηνDerbeAccusativeaccusative in apposition to πόλεις (coordinate with Λύστραν)Δέρβη: a city in south-eastern Lycaonia; home of Gaius (Acts 20:4).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
περίχωρονsurrounding regionAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the wider countryside)περίχωρος: 'surrounding region/countryside'; extends the missionary reach beyond the two named cities.
7

κἀκεῖ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἦσαν.

and there they were preaching the gospel.

Continuing actionκἀκεῖThe periphrastic imperfect εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἦσαν ('they were going about preaching') underlines the sustained missionary activity even after flight. The brief sentence closes the Iconium section and pivots to Lystra.
κἀκεῖand thereadverb of place (κἀκεῖ = καὶ ἐκεῖ, crasis)κἀκεῖ: crasis of καὶ ἐκεῖ; natural Lukan continuation.
εὐαγγελιζόμενοιpreaching the gospelPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εὐαγγελίζωparticiple in periphrastic imperfect (with ἦσαν)→ progressive present (ongoing gospel proclamation)εὐαγγελίζω: 'to bring/proclaim good news'; the verb that names the entire missionary activity.
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary in periphrastic imperfect (the durative force is in the construction, not either word alone)→ progressive imperfect (their continued preaching throughout the region)
8

Καί τις ἀνὴρ ἀδύνατος τοῖς ποσὶν ἐκάθητο ἐν Λύστροις, χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων, ὃς οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν.

Now a certain man powerless in his feet was sitting in Lystra, being lame from his mother's womb, who had never walked.

Scene-setting (new episode)ΚαίThree descriptors — ἀδύνατος τοῖς ποσίν (powerless in his feet), χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας (lame from birth), οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν (never walked) — accumulate to make the miracle's completeness unmistakable; compare the parallelism with Acts 3:2.
Καίnownarrative particle (introducing new scene)
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun (attributive)
ἀνὴρmanNominativenominative subjectἀνήρ: 'man' (adult male); distinguishes him as a grown man who has never walked.
ἀδύνατοςpowerlessNominativenominative predicate adjective (first descriptor)ἀδύνατος: 'powerless/incapable'; in medical contexts, 'disabled.' With τοῖς ποσίν = 'powerless in [his] feet.'
τοῖςin theDativearticle
ποσὶνfeetDativedative of respect ('powerless with respect to his feet')πούς: 'foot'; the dative specifies the location of the disability.
ἐκάθητοwas sittingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (his habitual seated posture — he could not do otherwise)κάθημαι: 'to sit'; the imperfect pictures his permanent state of sitting.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΛύστροιςLystraDativedative of placeΛύστρα: in Luke's usage, the city appears with a neuter plural form Λύστρα (v.6, acc.) and a dative plural Λύστροις here.
χωλὸςlameNominativenominative predicate adjective (second descriptor, in participial phrase)χωλός: 'lame/crippled'; used also in Acts 3:2 of the man at the Beautiful Gate.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (origin/time)
κοιλίαςwombGenitivegenitive of time (ἐκ κοιλίας = 'from birth')κοιλία: 'belly/womb'; ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός is a Lukan formula for 'congenitally' (cf. Acts 3:2; Lk 1:15).
μητρὸςmother'sGenitivegenitive of relationship (his mother's womb)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ὑπάρχωνbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὑπάρχωadverbial participle of attendant circumstance (explaining the permanent nature of his condition)→ progressive present (his ongoing state)ὑπάρχω: 'to exist/be (inherently)'; stronger than εἰμί — the condition is constitutive of who he is.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (nominative subject of περιεπάτησεν)
οὐδέποτεnevernegative adverb (emphatic negation of περιεπάτησεν)
περιεπάτησενhad walkedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιπατέωverb in relative clause (third descriptor: absolute negation of ever walking)→ constative aorist (the whole span of his life as a unit — he never once walked)περιπατέω: 'to walk about'; the healing will precisely undo this triple impossibility.
9

οὗτος ἤκουσεν τοῦ Παύλου λαλοῦντος· ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ καὶ ἰδὼν ὅτι ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι,

This man was listening to Paul as he spoke; and Paul, looking intently at him and seeing that he had faith to be healed,

Narrative development (perception of faith)asyndetonThe verse is again a suspended clause (resolved in v.10). Paul's ἀτενίσας ('gazing intently') is the same verb used of Stephen's gaze (Acts 7:55) and Peter's in Acts 3:4 — a Spirit-given discernment that precedes healing.
οὗτοςthis manNominativedemonstrative pronoun (nominative subject, resuming the man of v.8)
ἤκουσενwas listeningAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (genitive object λαλοῦντος by regular ἀκούω + gen.)→ constative aorist (his act of hearing Paul's preaching)ἀκούω: 'to hear/listen'; with the gen. participle = listening to someone speaking.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (genitive with ἀκούω)
ΠαύλουPaulGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσενΠαῦλος: Paul; the apostle moves to the foreground here, replacing Barnabas as the named actor.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωgenitive participle (complementary to ἤκουσεν: 'listened to Paul as he was speaking')→ progressive present (Paul's ongoing preaching)
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject-shift: now Paul is subject)
ἀτενίσαςgazing intentlyAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀτενίζωadverbial participle of means/time (Paul gazes before he speaks in v.10)→ constative aorist (the fixed gaze as a decisive moment)ἀτενίζω: 'to gaze fixedly'; from τείνω ('to stretch') + ατ-; a Lukan term for concentrated Spirit-directed perception.
αὐτῷat himDativedative of direction/indirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial participle of means (Spirit-given perception of the man's faith)→ constative aorist (the moment of discernment)ὁράω: 'to see/perceive'; here spiritual/intuitive perception, not merely ocular.
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing indirect statement (object of ἰδὼν)
ἔχειhe hasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωverb of indirect statement→ progressive present (his present state of faith)
πίστινfaithAccusativeaccusative object of ἔχειπίστις: 'faith/trust'; the only occurrence of 'faith' in this narrative — it is the precondition for healing.
τοῦto beGenitivearticle (with genitive infinitive = purpose: 'faith for healing')
σωθῆναιto be healed / savedAor Pass Inf · σῴζωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose (the faith is directed toward his healing/salvation)→ constative aorist (the healing as a complete event anticipated)σῴζω: 'to save/heal'; deliberately ambiguous — physical restoration and eschatological salvation overlap in Acts' healing narratives.
10

εἶπεν μεγάλῃ φωνῇ· Ἀνάστηθι ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας σου ὀρθός. καὶ ἥλατο καὶ περιεπάτει.

said with a loud voice, 'Stand upright on your feet.' And he leaped up and began walking.

Apodosis — command and instant fulfilmentasyndetonThe single imperative Ἀνάστηθι ('Stand!') resolves vv.9–10 and instantly produces ἥλατο (he leaped — aorist) and περιεπάτει (he was walking — imperfect of new, continuous action). The contrast with οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν (v.8) is deliberate.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (apodosis of the suspended participial clause begun in v.9)→ constative aorist
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjective (modifying φωνῇ)
φωνῇvoiceDativedative of manner (μεγάλῃ φωνῇ = 'with a loud voice')φωνή: 'voice/sound'; the public proclamation ensures the healing is witnessed by all.
ἈνάστηθιStand up!Aor Act Imper 2 Sg · ἀνίστημιimperative (direct command to the man; the only spoken word in the healing)→ constative aorist imperative (calling for the single decisive act of rising)ἀνίστημι: 'to stand up/rise'; also the word for resurrection — the healing carries resurrection resonance.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position upon)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (stand on your feet)πούς: 'foot'; picks up the same word as ἀδύνατος τοῖς ποσίν (v.8) — the very organ of disability is healed.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ὀρθόςuprightNominativepredicate adjective (modifies the subject of Ἀνάστηθι: 'stand up straight')ὀρθός: 'straight/upright'; a medical term for a correctly functioning limb; NT hapax in this context.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing immediate result)
ἥλατοhe leapedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἅλλομαιmain verb (instant response — the spring of joy)→ constative aorist (the single decisive leap)ἅλλομαι: 'to leap/spring'; the same verb in Acts 3:8 of the man at the Beautiful Gate; echoes Isa 35:6 LXX ('the lame shall leap as a deer').
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιεπάτειwas walkingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · περιπατέωmain verb (imperfect of new continuous action contrasting with οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν, v.8)→ inceptive imperfect (he began and kept walking — the new ability as ongoing state)περιπατέω: 'to walk about'; the same root as v.8 — the word used of his total incapacity is now used of his total restoration.
11

οἵ τε ὄχλοι ἰδόντες ὃ ἐποίησεν Παῦλος ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν Λυκαονιστὶ λέγοντες· Οἱ θεοὶ ὁμοιωθέντες ἀνθρώποις κατέβησαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς.

And when the crowds saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices, saying in the Lycaonian language, 'The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men!'

Resultant crowd responseτεThe cry is in Lycaonian — a non-Greek vernacular — which explains why Paul and Barnabas do not understand immediately (v.14). The theological error is precisely the paganism the speech of vv.15–17 will correct.
οἵtheNominativearticle (subject)
τεandenclitic connective particle
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativenominative subjectὄχλος: 'crowd'; the public audience of the healing.
ἰδόντεςhaving seenAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωadverbial participle of time/cause (on seeing → they cried out)→ constative aorist (the moment of seeing)
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative object of ἐποίησεν)
ἐποίησενhad doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb in relative clause→ constative aorist (the healing as a single remarkable act)
ΠαῦλοςPaulNominativenominative subject of ἐποίησεν
ἐπῆρανraisedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπαίρωmain verb→ constative aorist (the spontaneous shout)ἐπαίρω: 'to lift up'; ἐπαίρω τὴν φωνήν is an idiom for raising a shout.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
φωνὴνvoiceAccusativeaccusative object (idiom: ἐπαίρω τὴν φωνήν = 'to shout')
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
Λυκαονιστὶin the Lycaonian languageadverb of manner (the only NT occurrence of this word; marks the language barrier)Λυκαονιστί: 'in Lycaonian'; the sole NT occurrence; explains why vv.14 the apostles only gradually understand what is happening.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial participle of manner (introducing the direct speech)→ progressive present
ΟἱTheNominativearticle (subject of the exclamation)
θεοὶgodsNominativenominative subjectθεός: 'god'; plural — the crowd interprets two human beings as two Olympian deities.
ὁμοιωθέντεςhaving been made likeAor Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ὁμοιόωadverbial participle of manner (how the gods descended — in human form)→ constative aorist (the transformation into human form as a single act)ὁμοιόω: 'to make like/liken'; the passive = 'having been made like men,' i.e., having assumed human appearance.
ἀνθρώποιςto menDativedative of comparison (made like human beings)
κατέβησανhave come downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταβαίνωmain verb of the direct-speech exclamation→ constative aorist (the descent as a single act)καταβαίνω: 'to come down'; reflects the Greco-Roman theophany schema of gods descending from Olympus.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of πρός
12

ἐκάλουν τε τὸν Βαρναβᾶν Δία, τὸν δὲ Παῦλον Ἑρμῆν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ ἡγούμενος τοῦ λόγου.

And they were calling Barnabas Zeus, and Paul Hermes, because he was the chief speaker.

Elaboration of crowd identificationτεThe imperfect ἐκάλουν captures the repeated or ongoing identification. The assignment is culturally apt: Zeus as the senior, majestic deity; Hermes as the divine herald and spokesman. The ἐπειδή clause offers the reason: Paul spoke (cf. Ovid, Met. 8 for the local Zeus-Hermes myth).
ἐκάλουνthey were callingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · καλέωmain verb (double accusative: person + name)→ progressive imperfect (repeated or sustained naming)καλέω: 'to call/name'; the imperfect pictures the crowd repeatedly calling out the names.
τεandenclitic connective particle
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΒαρναβᾶνBarnabasAccusativeaccusative object (person being named)Βαρναβᾶς: 'Barnabas'; the taller/older figure perhaps suggested the commanding Zeus.
ΔίαZeusAccusativeaccusative complement (the name assigned: double accusative construction)Ζεύς (acc. Δία): the chief Olympian deity; the local cult of Zeus before the city (v.13) gives the identification topographical grounding.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
δέandcontrastive/continuative particle
ΠαῦλονPaulAccusativeaccusative object (second person being named)
ἙρμῆνHermesAccusativeaccusative complement (name assigned to Paul)Ἑρμῆς (acc. Ἑρμῆν): the messenger-god, patron of rhetoric and travel; the identification fits Paul as the missionary preacher/herald.
ἐπειδὴbecausecausal conjunction (explaining the Hermes identification)
αὐτὸςheNominativeintensive pronoun (subject of ἦν, emphatic: 'it was he who was the chief speaker')
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (with predicate nominative ὁ ἡγούμενος)→ progressive imperfect (his established role as the primary speaker)
the oneNominativearticle (substantivizing ἡγούμενος)
ἡγούμενοςleadingPres Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle (predicate: 'the leading one')→ progressive present (his habitual role)ἡγέομαι: 'to lead/consider'; ὁ ἡγούμενος = 'the leader'; here specifically 'the chief speaker' (τοῦ λόγου being the genitive of sphere).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
λόγουword / speechGenitivegenitive of sphere ('the leader in speaking')λόγος: 'word/speech'; here Paul's public rhetorical role — the reason the crowd identifies him with the eloquent herald-god.
13

ὅ τε ἱερεὺς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὄντος πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ταύρους καὶ στέμματα ἐπὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας ἐνέγκας σὺν τοῖς ὄχλοις ἤθελεν θύειν.

And the priest of Zeus whose temple was before the city, having brought oxen and garlands to the gates, was wanting to offer sacrifice along with the crowds.

Continuation — organized cultic responseτεThe imperfect ἤθελεν ('was wanting') captures frustrated, ongoing intent — the priest and crowds are in the act of mounting the sacrifice when the apostles intervene in v.14. The 'Zeus before the city' was a specific local cult statue or temple.
theNominativearticle (subject)
τεandenclitic connective particle
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative subjectἱερεύς: 'priest'; the cultic official attached to the local Zeus temple; his initiative shows the identification has official-religion weight.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΔιὸςZeusGenitivegenitive of relationship (the priest belongs to/serves Zeus)
τοῦthe oneGenitivearticle (with participial phrase identifying which Zeus)
ὄντοςbeingPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Masc · εἰμίattributive participle (identifying the specific Zeus cult — the one located before the city)→ progressive present (the temple is there)
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (spatial: in front of)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of πρόπόλις: 'city'; the temple 'before the city' locates it at the city gate — a standard position for guardian deity shrines.
ταύρουςoxenAccusativeaccusative object of ἐνέγκας (what was brought)ταῦρος: 'bull/ox'; the appropriate sacrifice for a major deity like Zeus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
στέμματαgarlandsAccusativeaccusative object (coordinate: the ritual flower-garlands for the animals' necks)στέμμα: 'garland/wreath'; wreaths were placed on sacrificial animals and on those offering sacrifice.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction/goal)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πυλῶναςgatesAccusativeaccusative of goal (he brought them to the city gates)πυλών: 'gate/gateway'; the public space where the crowd had gathered to watch.
ἐνέγκαςhaving broughtAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · φέρωadverbial participle of time/circumstance (the bringing precedes the attempted sacrifice)→ constative aorist (the bringing as a preparatory act)φέρω: 'to bring/carry'; supplies the aorist stem ἐνεγκ-.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ὄχλοιςcrowdsDativedative of accompaniment
ἤθελενwas wantingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb (conative imperfect — the desire not yet fulfilled when interrupted)→ conative imperfect (ongoing/frustrated desire, not yet accomplished)θέλω: 'to wish/want'; the conative imperfect pictures the attempt in progress.
θύεινto sacrificePres Act Inf · θύωcomplementary infinitive (completing θέλω)→ progressive present (the ongoing act of sacrifice as goal)θύω: 'to sacrifice/slaughter'; the standard term for pagan animal sacrifice.
14

Ἀκούσαντες δὲ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Παῦλος, διαρρήξαντες τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἐξεπήδησαν εἰς τὸν ὄχλον κράζοντες

But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they tore their garments and rushed out into the crowd, crying out

Adversative responseδέBarnabas is named first — unusual in Acts — perhaps because he was identified as the senior 'Zeus.' Garment-tearing (διαρρήξαντες τὰ ἱμάτια) is the Jewish gesture of horror at blasphemy (cf. Mt 26:65; Mk 14:63), here wielded by two Jews against their own deification.
Ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωadverbial participle of time (on hearing → they acted)→ constative aorist (the moment of comprehension)ἀκούω: 'to hear/understand'; they finally understood what was happening (the Lycaonian barrier of v.11 explains the delay).
δέbutadversative particle
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀπόστολοιapostlesNominativenominative subjectἀπόστολος: 'apostle'; confirms Paul and Barnabas are called apostles here (see v.4 note).
ΒαρναβᾶςBarnabasNominativenominative in apposition to οἱ ἀπόστολοι (named first, unusual order)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΠαῦλοςPaulNominativenominative in apposition (second named)
διαρρήξαντεςhaving tornAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · διαρρήγνυμιadverbial participle of manner/attendant circumstance→ constative aorist (the single dramatic gesture)διαρρήγνυμι: 'to tear through/rend'; the intensive διά- prefix underscores the violence of the gesture; the Jewish blasphemy-response.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativeaccusative object of διαρρήξαντεςἱμάτιον: 'garment/cloak'; the outer robe, publicly torn as a sign of grief and repudiation.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐξεπήδησανrushed outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπηδάωmain verb→ constative aorist (sudden physical rush into the crowd)ἐκπηδάω: 'to rush/spring out'; a vivid word for sudden, urgent movement — a NT hapax.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativeaccusative of goal
κράζοντεςcrying outPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · κράζωadverbial participle of manner (introducing their speech of vv.15–17)→ progressive present (their urgent, ongoing cries)κράζω: 'to cry out'; used for urgent, loud speech — appropriate for stopping a pagan sacrifice.
15

καὶ λέγοντες· Ἄνδρες, τί ταῦτα ποιεῖτε; καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν ἄνθρωποι, εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ματαίων ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ θεὸν ζῶντα, ὃς ἐποίησεν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς·

and saying, 'Men, why are you doing these things? We also are human beings of like nature with you, bringing you good news, that you should turn from these vain things to a living God, who made heaven and earth and the sea and all that is in them.

Direct speech — natural theology (opening)καίThe speech begins with an urgent rhetorical question (τί ταῦτα ποιεῖτε;), then the core theological assertion: ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν ἄνθρωποι ('we are human beings with the same nature as you'). The creational formula — heaven, earth, sea, all in them — is standard Jewish monotheism (Ex 20:11; Ps 146:6) applied to Gentile audience.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (continuing the speech of v.14 κράζοντες)
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial participle of manner (introducing the full speech)→ progressive present
ἌνδρεςMenVocativevocative of addressἀνήρ: 'man'; the standard public-address form.
τίwhyinterrogative pronoun (introducing rhetorical question)
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of ποιεῖτε
ποιεῖτεare you doingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb of rhetorical question→ progressive present (the action in progress: the sacrifice being prepared)
καὶalsoadverbial 'also' (we too are only human)
ἡμεῖςweNominativenominative subject (emphatic pronoun)
ὁμοιοπαθεῖςof like natureNominativenominative predicate adjectiveὁμοιοπαθής: 'having the same nature/sufferings'; a compound (ὅμοιος + πάθος); used also in Jas 5:17 of Elijah — 'a human being with the same vulnerabilities as we have.'
ἐσμενwe arePres Act Indic 1 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (creedal assertion of shared humanity)→ progressive present (a present fact)
ὑμῖνwith youDativedative of association/comparison (of like nature with you)
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingsNominativenominative predicate noun (in apposition to the subject: we are humans)ἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; the contrast with θεοί (v.11) is stark.
εὐαγγελιζόμενοιbringing good newsPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εὐαγγελίζωadverbial participle of purpose/means (what the apostles are actually doing here)→ progressive present (their ongoing mission purpose)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative object of εὐαγγελιζόμενοι
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: turning away from)
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative adjective/genitive (modifying ματαίων)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ματαίωνvain thingsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόμάταιος: 'vain/empty/worthless'; the LXX word for idols (cf. Jer 2:5; 1 Kgs 16:13 — idols as vanities).
ἐπιστρέφεινto turnPres Act Inf · ἐπιστρέφωepexegetical infinitive (content of εὐαγγελιζόμενοι: the good news that they should turn)→ progressive present (the call to ongoing reorientation)ἐπιστρέφω: 'to turn/return'; the standard NT word for conversion (cf. 1 Thess 1:9 — 'you turned from idols to God').
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction: turning toward)
θεὸνGodAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the goal of conversion)
ζῶνταlivingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle (predicate attribute: the living God vs. dead idols)→ progressive present (God's perpetual, active life)ζάω: 'to live'; θεὸς ζῶν is a standard OT designation (LXX: Deut 5:26; Josh 3:10 etc.), the antithesis of dead, powerless idols.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (introducing the creational description of God)
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb in relative clause (creational aorist)→ constative aorist (creation as a single, complete, foundational act)ποιέω: 'to make/do'; the Creator's fiat — echoing Gen 1:1 LXX.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οὐρανὸνheavenAccusativeaccusative object (first element of the triad)οὐρανός: 'heaven/sky'; the triad 'heaven-earth-sea + all in them' is the standard Jewish totality formula (cf. Ex 20:11; Ps 146:6).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνearthAccusativeaccusative object (second element of the triad)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object (third element of the triad)θάλασσα: 'sea'; completes the triad.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object (summarizing all creation)
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἐν αὐτοῖς)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location within the created order)
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (within heaven, earth, and sea)
16

ὃς ἐν ταῖς παρῳχημέναις γενεαῖς εἴασεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη πορεύεσθαι ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν·

In past generations he allowed all the nations to walk in their own ways.

Elaboration — the era of divine patienceasyndetonThe relative clause continues the description of the living God (v.15). εἴασεν ('allowed') does not mean divine approval of idolatry but rather God's permissive will in the period before the gospel. This restraint is now over — the speech itself is the moment of accountability (cf. Acts 17:30: 'the times of ignorance God overlooked').
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (continuing the description of God from v.15)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
παρῳχημέναιςpastPerf Mid Ptc Dat Pl Fem · παρέρχομαιattributive participle (modifying γενεαῖς: the generations that have passed by)→ intensive perfect (those generations are gone and remain past)παρέρχομαι: 'to pass by'; the perfect participle = 'the bygone generations.'
γενεαῖςgenerationsDativedative of time (within which God allowed the nations their ways)γενεά: 'generation/age'; the span of time from creation to the gospel age.
εἴασενallowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐάωmain verb→ constative aorist (the whole era of divine permissive restraint viewed as a unit)ἐάω: 'to allow/let'; the permissive sense — God let the nations go their own way; not indifference but patience (cf. Rom 3:25).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔθνη)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ἔθνηnationsAccusativeaccusative object of εἴασεν (with infinitive πορεύεσθαι: 'allowed the nations to walk')ἔθνος: 'nation/Gentile'; here all non-Israel peoples.
πορεύεσθαιto walk / to goPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιcomplementary infinitive (completing εἴασεν)→ progressive present (the ongoing walking in their own ways during that era)πορεύομαι: 'to go/walk/live'; the metaphorical sense of 'walking in their ways' = moral and religious conduct.
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ὁδοῖςwaysDativedative of manner ('walking in their ways')ὁδός: 'road/way'; metaphorically the moral and cultic path they chose — paganism.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (their own chosen ways, not God's)
17

καίτοι οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον αὐτὸν ἀφῆκεν ἀγαθοποιῶν, οὐρανόθεν ὑμῖν ὑετοὺς διδοὺς καὶ καιροὺς καρποφόρους, ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν.

Yet he did not leave himself without witness, doing good by giving you rains from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling your hearts with food and gladness.

Concessive — universal witness of natural blessingκαίτοικαίτοι ('and yet') is rare in the NT (only here and Heb 4:3); it introduces the concession to the permissive will of v.16: God allowed idolatry yet was not absent. The three participles (ἀγαθοποιῶν, διδούς, ἐμπιπλῶν) unpack what 'not without witness' means: beneficent weather, harvests, and joy.
καίτοιyetconcessive conjunction ('and yet/although')καίτοι: 'and yet/although'; an unusually literary particle in this speech; NT hapax in Acts (cf. Heb 4:3).
οὐκnotnegative adverb
ἀμάρτυρονwithout witnessAccusativeaccusative predicate complement (double accusative: αὐτόν = him; ἀμάρτυρον = without witness)ἀμάρτυρος: 'without witness/testimony'; a NT hapax; the α-privative negates μάρτυς ('witness').
αὐτὸνhimselfAccusativeaccusative object (reflexive: 'left himself'; double accusative with ἀμάρτυρον)
ἀφῆκενleftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb (double accusative: 'left himself without witness')→ constative aorist (the whole era of providential testimony as a unit)ἀφίημι: 'to leave/allow/let remain'; here in the sense of 'let himself remain in a state of.'
ἀγαθοποιῶνdoing goodPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀγαθοποιέωadverbial participle of means (how the witness comes: through doing good)→ progressive present (God's continuous beneficence)ἀγαθοποιέω: 'to do good'; God's creational benevolence is his silent testimony.
οὐρανόθενfrom heavenadverb of source (a NT hapax: heaven as the source of rain)οὐρανόθεν: 'from heaven'; the -θεν suffix denotes origin; NT hapax.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of advantage (to/for you)
ὑετοὺςrainsAccusativeaccusative object of διδούςὑετός: 'rain'; the agricultural rain upon which Anatolia's harvests depended.
διδοὺςgivingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · δίδωμιadverbial participle of means (further unpacking ἀγαθοποιῶν)→ progressive present (the regular gift of seasonal rain)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
καιροὺςseasonsAccusativeaccusative object of διδούς (coordinate with ὑετούς)καιρός: 'appointed time/season'; here the annual harvest cycle.
καρποφόρουςfruit-bearingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying καιρούς: fruitful seasons)καρποφόρος: 'fruit-bearing/fruitful'; the seasons that produce crops.
ἐμπιπλῶνfillingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐμπίπλημιadverbial participle of means (third element of the triad: filling hearts)→ progressive present (God's ongoing provision of sustenance and joy)ἐμπίπλημι: 'to fill up'; God as the one who satisfies — echoes Ps 145:16 LXX.
τροφῆςfoodGenitivegenitive object of ἐμπιπλῶν (filling with food)τροφή: 'food/nourishment'; the material dimension of divine blessing.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessGenitivegenitive object of ἐμπιπλῶν (coordinate: filling with gladness)εὐφροσύνη: 'gladness/joy'; the experiential, affective dimension — enjoyment of the gifts points beyond to the Giver.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
καρδίαςheartsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐμπιπλῶν (the hearts are filled)καρδία: 'heart'; the seat of inner life — food and gladness together address both body and spirit.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
18

καὶ ταῦτα λέγοντες μόλις κατέπαυσαν τοὺς ὄχλους τοῦ μὴ θύειν αὐτοῖς.

Even saying these things, they scarcely restrained the crowds from sacrificing to them.

Narrative summary of the speech's outcomeκαίμόλις ('scarcely/with difficulty') conveys the apostles' near-failure to prevent the sacrifice — a realistic detail that heightens the crowd's religious fervour. The speech ends the episode's theological crescendo; the next verse pivots abruptly to stoning.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of λέγοντες
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial participle of means/concession ('even while saying these things')→ progressive present (the speech ongoing)
μόλιςscarcelyadverb of degree (modifying κατέπαυσαν)μόλις: 'with difficulty/barely'; underscores the crowd's fervour and the apostles' near-inability to stop them.
κατέπαυσανthey restrainedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταπαύωmain verb→ constative aorist (the restraint finally achieved)καταπαύω: 'to cause to cease/restrain'; the κατα- prefix = thorough stopping.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλουςcrowdsAccusativeaccusative object of κατέπαυσαν
τοῦfromGenitivearticle (with genitive infinitive of prevention: τοῦ μή + inf.)
μὴnotnegative particle (with genitive infinitive of prevention)
θύεινto sacrificePres Act Inf · θύωgenitive articular infinitive of prevention (τοῦ μὴ θύειν = 'from sacrificing')→ progressive present (the ongoing/intended act they were stopped from doing)θύω: 'to sacrifice'; the same verb as v.13 — the circle closes.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (sacrificing to them — the apostles)
19

Ἐπῆλθαν δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀντιοχείας καὶ Ἰκονίου Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ πείσαντες τοὺς ὄχλους καὶ λιθάσαντες τὸν Παῦλον ἔσυρον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, νομίζοντες αὐτὸν τεθνηκέναι.

But Jews came from Antioch and Iconium, and having persuaded the crowds and stoned Paul, they dragged him outside the city, supposing him to be dead.

Abrupt reversal — the stoningδέThe rapid reversal — from near-worship to stoning — is theologically pointed. The same crowds so recently prevented from sacrifice now become instruments of murder. The ἔσυρον ἔξω ('dragged outside') echoes Heb 13:12 — Jesus suffered 'outside the gate'; Paul's pattern mirrors his Lord's.
ἘπῆλθανcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist (their arrival as the precipitating event)ἐπέρχομαι: 'to come upon/arrive'; the prefix ἐπι- may carry a hostile nuance — they came against.
δέbutadversative particle (abrupt narrative pivot)
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (origin)
ἈντιοχείαςAntiochGenitivegenitive of origin (Pisidian Antioch of ch.13)Ἀντιόχεια: Pisidian Antioch; the Jews who drove Paul from Iconium came originally from there.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἸκονίουIconiumGenitivegenitive of origin (coordinate: from Iconium as well)
ἸουδαῖοιJewsNominativenominative subject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πείσαντεςhaving persuadedAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · πείθωadverbial participle of time/means (first step: winning the crowd)→ constative aorist (the persuasion as a single act preceding the stoning)πείθω: 'to persuade'; the crowds who were near-worshippers are turned against Paul — a vivid example of mob psychology.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλουςcrowdsAccusativeaccusative object of πείσαντες
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λιθάσαντεςhaving stonedAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λιθάζωadverbial participle of time (second step: the stoning itself)→ constative aorist (the act of stoning)λιθάζω: 'to stone'; a NT hapax (cf. λιθοβολέω in v.5 — the threatened action now fulfilled).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΠαῦλονPaulAccusativeaccusative object of λιθάσαντες
ἔσυρονthey draggedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · σύρωmain verb (imperfect of sustained, brutal action)→ progressive imperfect (the slow, humiliating dragging)σύρω: 'to drag'; a violent, degrading act — dragging a body they assume to be a corpse.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of place
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἔξωπόλις: 'city'; executed criminals were taken outside the city for burial.
νομίζοντεςsupposingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · νομίζωadverbial participle of cause/manner→ progressive present (their ongoing assumption)νομίζω: 'to suppose/consider'; their assumption of Paul's death is wrong — deliberately creating suspense.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
τεθνηκέναιto be deadPerf Act Inf · θνῄσκωinfinitive in indirect statement (object of νομίζοντες)→ intensive perfect (the state of being dead — the result of dying remains)θνῄσκω: 'to die'; the perfect infinitive = 'to have died and so be dead.'
20

κυκλωσάντων δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτὸν ἀναστὰς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν. Καὶ τῇ ἐπαύριον σὺν τῷ Βαρναβᾷ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Δέρβην.

But when the disciples gathered around him, he rose and entered the city. And the next day he departed with Barnabas to Derbe.

Reversal — miraculous recovery and continuationδέThe genitive absolute κυκλωσάντων ... τῶν μαθητῶν ('when the disciples encircled him') likely describes prayer around Paul's body. The abrupt ἀναστὰς ('having risen/stood up') echoes the resurrection vocabulary; Luke deliberately leaves ambiguous whether a miracle occurred. The immediate departure to Derbe shows undimmed resolve.
κυκλωσάντωνhaving gathered aroundAor Act Ptc Gen Pl Masc · κυκλόωgenitive absolute (temporal: when the disciples encircled him)→ constative aorist (the gathering as a single act)κυκλόω: 'to encircle/surround'; the disciples form a ring around Paul — probably in prayer.
δέbutadversative particle
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (genitive absolute)
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivegenitive subject of genitive absolute (the believers of Lystra)μαθητής: 'disciple/learner'; the believers at Lystra, presumably converted from vv.1–7 and including Timothy's family.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of κυκλωσάντων
ἀναστὰςhaving risenAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιadverbial participle of time/means (Paul's recovery precedes his re-entry)→ constative aorist (the single act of rising)ἀνίστημι: 'to rise/stand up'; the same root as the healing command (v.10) and resurrection — the echo is intentional.
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist (his deliberate return into the city that stoned him)εἰσέρχομαι: 'to enter'; his re-entry into the city is an act of courage and witness.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πόλινcityAccusativeaccusative of goal
ΚαὶAndnarrative conjunction (new sentence: departure the next day)
τῇtheDativearticle (temporal dative expression)
ἐπαύριονnext dayDativeadverb used in dative temporal expression (τῇ ἐπαύριον = 'on the next day')ἐπαύριον: 'on the next day'; Paul does not linger but departs immediately.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τῷtheDativearticle
ΒαρναβᾷBarnabasDativedative object of σύν
ἐξῆλθενdepartedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'to go out/depart.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΔέρβηνDerbeAccusativeaccusative of goalΔέρβη: the last city of the outward journey.
21

Εὐαγγελισάμενοί τε τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνην καὶ μαθητεύσαντες ἱκανοὺς ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς τὴν Λύστραν καὶ εἰς Ἰκόνιον καὶ εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν,

And after they had preached the gospel to that city and had made many disciples, they returned to Lystra and to Iconium and to Antioch,

Narrative transition — return circuit beginsτεThe brevity of the Derbe notice (two aorist participles) contrasts with the elaborate Lystra episode — Luke's pace accelerates as the return begins. μαθητεύσαντες ('having made disciples') is a key Matthean commission word (Mt 28:19) here in Acts — the mission produces lasting communities.
Εὐαγγελισάμενοίhaving preached the gospel toAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εὐαγγελίζωadverbial participle of time (first action preceding the return)→ constative aorist (the Derbe mission as a completed unit)εὐαγγελίζω: 'to proclaim good news'; the whole Derbe mission compressed into one word.
τεandenclitic connective particle
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πόλινcityAccusativeaccusative object of εὐαγγελισάμενοί
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (referring to Derbe)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαθητεύσαντεςhaving made disciplesAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · μαθητεύωadverbial participle of time (second action before the return)→ constative aorist (the formation of a lasting community)μαθητεύω: 'to make disciples'; used transitively only here and Mt 28:19 in NT — a Great Commission word appearing in Acts.
ἱκανοὺςmanyAccusativeaccusative object of μαθητεύσαντεςἱκανός: 'sufficient/considerable'; here 'many' — a sizeable community at Derbe.
ὑπέστρεψανthey returnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aorist (the reversal of direction as a single decision)ὑποστρέφω: 'to return/go back'; a Lukan favorite for the return journey.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal, repeated for each city)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΛύστρανLystraAccusativeaccusative of goal (first city on return: where Paul was stoned)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἸκόνιονIconiumAccusativeaccusative of goal (second city on return)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἈντιόχειανAntiochAccusativeaccusative of goal (Pisidian Antioch — the starting point of the Galatian mission)
22

ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν, παρακαλοῦντες ἐμμένειν τῇ πίστει, καὶ ὅτι διὰ πολλῶν θλίψεων δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.

strengthening the souls of the disciples, urging them to continue in the faith, and saying that through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God.

Pastoral accompaniment (adverbial expansion of v.21)asyndetonThree present participles (ἐπιστηρίζοντες, παρακαλοῦντες, and the implied λέγοντες with ὅτι) describe the content of the pastoral visit. The δεῖ ('it is necessary') is a Lukan theological necessity marker — suffering as the divinely ordained road to the kingdom, not a refutation of it.
ἐπιστηρίζοντεςstrengtheningPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιστηρίζωadverbial participle of manner (describing how they returned — strengthening as they went)→ progressive present (ongoing pastoral work through the return circuit)ἐπιστηρίζω: 'to strengthen/support'; ἐπι- intensifies — making firm what was already established.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὰςsoulsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπιστηρίζοντεςψυχή: 'soul/person'; inner persons — disciples facing persecution need their inner resolve strengthened.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivegenitive of possession
παρακαλοῦντεςurgingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · παρακαλέωadverbial participle of manner (second aspect of the pastoral work)→ progressive present (their continuous exhortation)παρακαλέω: 'to urge/exhort/comfort'; a word rich in pastoral resonance — both 'encourage' and 'call alongside.'
ἐμμένεινto remain / continuePres Act Inf · ἐμμένωcomplementary infinitive (content of παρακαλοῦντες)→ progressive present (the call to sustained faithfulness)ἐμμένω: 'to remain in/continue'; the ἐν- prefix = abiding within — not to defect from the faith under pressure.
τῇtheDativearticle
πίστειfaithDativedative object of ἐμμένειν (the sphere of remaining)πίστις: 'faith'; here the body of belief (fides quae) and/or the act of trust — both senses are present.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing the doctrinal content of their exhortation)
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing indirect statement (content of implied λέγοντες)
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means/path)
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θλίψεων)
θλίψεωνtribulationsGenitivegenitive object of διά (the path that must be walked)θλῖψις: 'tribulation/pressure/affliction'; the word for the compression of suffering — Acts 14 has just enacted this for Paul.
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb (Lukan divine necessity)→ gnomic present (a standing theological truth about the kingdom road)δεῖ: 'it is necessary (by divine compulsion)'; one of Luke's most characteristic theological words — the suffering of the kingdom road is a δεῖ, not an accident.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive (in impersonal construction)
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ constative aorist (the entry into the kingdom as the singular goal)εἰσέρχομαι: 'to enter'; the goal is the kingdom — all tribulations are on the path toward this entry.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeaccusative of goalβασιλεία: 'kingdom/reign'; the eschatological kingdom of God as the ultimate destination of the believing community.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of possessionθεός: 'God'; the kingdom belongs to God — its entry is God's gift, not human achievement.
23

χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς κατ᾽ ἐκκλησίαν πρεσβυτέρους, προσευξάμενοι μετὰ νηστειῶν παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς τῷ κυρίῳ εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν.

And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, with prayer and fasting they committed them to the Lord in whom they had believed.

Climax of the pastoral return — ecclesial structure establishedδέχειροτονήσαντες marks the formal appointment of local leadership; the committing to the Lord (παρέθεντο) is simultaneously an act of trust and release — Paul and Barnabas cannot stay, so the new elders and the congregation are entrusted to divine care. The pluperfect πεπιστεύκεισαν ('in whom they had believed') anchors the act in the converts' prior faith.
χειροτονήσαντεςhaving appointedAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · χειροτονέωadverbial participle of time/means (the appointment precedes the committing)→ constative aorist (the appointment as a formal, completed act)χειροτονέω: 'to appoint/ordain' (lit. 'to stretch out the hand'); originally Athenian democratic election by show of hands; by NT times = formal appointment/ordination.
δέandnarrative/continuative particle
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage (elders appointed for the congregations' benefit)
κατ᾽in eachpreposition + accusative (distributive: κατ' ἐκκλησίαν = 'church by church')
ἐκκλησίανchurchAccusativeaccusative in distributive κατά phraseἐκκλησία: 'assembly/church'; each community (Lystra, Iconium, Pisidian Antioch) receives its own elders.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersAccusativeaccusative object of χειροτονήσαντεςπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the Jewish synagogue governance model is transferred to the new messianic communities.
προσευξάμενοιhaving prayedAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · προσεύχομαιadverbial participle of manner/attendant circumstance (the committing is done in prayer)→ constative aorist (the prayer as the act of committing)προσεύχομαι: 'to pray'; the whole commissioning act is framed as prayer — the missionaries hand the churches over to God.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment/attendant circumstances)
νηστειῶνfastingGenitivegenitive object of μετά (prayer accompanied by fasting)νηστεία: 'fasting'; prayer and fasting together mark a solemn, urgent act (cf. Acts 13:2–3 where the same pair precedes the mission's launch).
παρέθεντοthey committedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · παρατίθημιmain verb→ constative aorist (the solemn act of entrustment)παρατίθημι (mid.): 'to commit/entrust to another's care'; the same root as Lk 23:46 ('into your hands I commit my spirit').
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object (the converts and new elders)
τῷtheDativearticle
κυρίῳLordDativedative of indirect object (the one to whom they are entrusted)κύριος: 'Lord'; the exalted Christ as the true Shepherd of the new communities.
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (object of the relative: 'the Lord into whom they believed' = belief-union with the Lord)
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative object of πεπιστεύκεισαν via εἰς)
πεπιστεύκεισανthey had believedPlupf Act Indic 3 Pl · πιστεύωverb in relative clause (pluperfect: their faith preceded and grounds the committing)→ intensive perfect (the abiding result of their coming to faith — they are now believers)πιστεύω: 'to believe/trust'; the pluperfect = they had come to faith and stand as believers.
24

καὶ διελθόντες τὴν Πισιδίαν ἦλθον εἰς τὴν Παμφυλίαν.

And having passed through Pisidia, they came to Pamphylia.

Narrative itinerary (return journey)καίLuke compresses the coastal journey (Pisidia → Pamphylia → Perga → Attalia) into rapid itinerary notes (vv.24–26). The pace matches his purpose: the focus is on the Antioch report, not the travel itself.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
διελθόντεςhaving passed throughAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · διέρχομαιadverbial participle of time (precedes their arrival in Pamphylia)→ constative aorist (the journey through Pisidia as a completed stage)διέρχομαι: 'to pass through'; a standard Lukan travel verb.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΠισιδίανPisidiaAccusativeaccusative of extent of space (through the region)Πισιδία: the mountainous district of southern Anatolia in which Pisidian Antioch was situated.
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΠαμφυλίανPamphyliaAccusativeaccusative of goalΠαμφυλία: the coastal province of southern Anatolia, home of Perga; the same region John Mark had abandoned on the outward journey (Acts 13:13).
25

καὶ λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγον κατέβησαν εἰς Ἀττάλειαν,

and having spoken the word in Perga, they went down to Attalia,

Continuing itineraryκαίOn the outward journey Luke noted Perga without recording preaching there (Acts 13:13–14). Now on the return, λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγον quietly completes the circuit — the overlooked city receives the word after all.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
λαλήσαντεςhaving spokenAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λαλέωadverbial participle of time (preaching precedes departure for Attalia)→ constative aorist (the Perga preaching as a completed event)λαλέω: 'to speak'; the technical term for gospel proclamation in Acts.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΠέργῃPergaDativedative of placeΠέργη: the capital of Pamphylia; no preaching was recorded here on the outward leg (Acts 13:13–14).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativeaccusative object of λαλήσαντεςλόγος: 'word'; τὸν λόγον = the gospel message, the definite article marking it as the known message.
κατέβησανthey went downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταβαίνωmain verb→ constative aorist (the descent to the coast)καταβαίνω: 'to go down'; geographically accurate — Perga is inland and Attalia (modern Antalya) is the coastal port.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἈττάλειανAttaliaAccusativeaccusative of goalἈττάλεια: the seaport of Pamphylia (modern Antalya), founded by Attalus II of Pergamum; the embarkation point for the sail back to Syria.
26

κἀκεῖθεν ἀπέπλευσαν εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὃ ἐπλήρωσαν.

and from there they sailed to Antioch, where they had been commended to the grace of God for the work that they had now completed.

Return to sending church — mission completedκἀκεῖθενThe relative clause ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι deliberately echoes Acts 13:3 (the commissioning), creating a bracket: the same grace to which they were commended has now carried them through. ἐπλήρωσαν ('they completed/fulfilled') gives the mission a teleological completeness.
κἀκεῖθενand from thereadverb of place (κἀκεῖθεν = καὶ ἐκεῖθεν, crasis; natural Lukan continuation)κἀκεῖθεν: crasis of καὶ ἐκεῖθεν.
ἀπέπλευσανthey sailedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποπλέωmain verb→ constative aorist (the sail as a single completed journey)ἀποπλέω: 'to sail away from'; the ἀπο- marks departure from Attalia.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἈντιόχειανAntiochAccusativeaccusative of goal (Syrian Antioch — the sending church)Ἀντιόχεια: Syrian Antioch on the Orontes, the base church of ch.13:1–3.
ὅθενfrom whererelative adverb of place (introducing the commissioning bracket)ὅθεν: 'from which place'; the relative back-reference to Acts 13:3.
ἦσανthey had beenImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary in periphrastic pluperfect (with παραδεδομένοι)→ progressive imperfect (their standing as commissioned/sent ones throughout the journey)
παραδεδομένοιhaving been commendedPerf Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · παραδίδωμιparticiple in periphrastic pluperfect (the commissioning stands complete and effective)→ intensive perfect (the commending at Antioch as an act whose results remain in force throughout the mission)παραδίδωμι: 'to hand over/entrust'; here the Antioch church formally handed them over to God's grace for the work.
τῇtheDativearticle
χάριτιgraceDativedative of agent/sphere (they were entrusted to God's grace)χάρις: 'grace'; the mission is framed as God's grace at work — the human missionaries are instruments, grace is the power.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source/possession (God's grace)
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/goal)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative of purpose (the work for which they were sent)ἔργον: 'work/task'; the whole first missionary journey — echoes Acts 13:2 ('the work to which I have called them').
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπλήρωσαν)
ἐπλήρωσανthey had completedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πληρόωverb in relative clause→ constative aorist (the work as a finished whole)πληρόω: 'to fill/complete/fulfil'; the work is πεπλήρωται — the mission was not aborted by opposition but completed.
27

Παραγενόμενοι δὲ καὶ συναγαγόντες τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἀνήγγελλον ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς μετ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ ὅτι ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως.

And when they arrived and gathered the church together, they reported all that God had done with them, and how he had opened a door of faith to the Gentiles.

Mission report — doxological climaxδέThe imperfect ἀνήγγελλον ('they were reporting') gives the report a sustained, ongoing quality — a detailed account, not a brief summary. The theological claim is crucial: ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεός ('all that God did') — God is the subject of the mission, the missionaries merely instruments. θύραν πίστεως ('a door of faith') is the Pauline open-door metaphor (1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12; Col 4:3) applied to the Gentile mission.
Παραγενόμενοιhaving arrivedAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · παραγίνομαιadverbial participle of time (their arrival precedes the gathering)→ constative aorist (the arrival as the event enabling the report)παραγίνομαι: 'to arrive/come'; a Lukan arrival formula.
δέandnarrative/continuative particle
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συναγαγόντεςhaving gathered togetherAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · συνάγωadverbial participle of time (the convening precedes the reporting)→ constative aorist (the assembly as a formal, deliberate act)συνάγω: 'to gather together'; the missionaries call the whole church assembly to hear the report.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐκκλησίανchurchAccusativeaccusative object of συναγαγόντεςἐκκλησία: 'assembly/church'; the Antioch church that sent them now receives the report.
ἀνήγγελλονthey were reportingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναγγέλλωmain verb (imperfect of sustained narration)→ progressive imperfect (the extended, detailed telling of the mission's story)ἀναγγέλλω: 'to report/announce'; the ἀνα- prefix = bringing up/back = a full account.
ὅσαall thatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative object of ἀνήγγελλον)
ἐποίησενhad doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb in relative clause→ constative aorist (God's acts during the whole journey)
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativenominative subject of ἐποίησεν (God — not the missionaries — is the theological actor)θεός: 'God'; the emphatic placing of the subject — 'all that God did' — ascribes the mission's success entirely to divine initiative.
μετ᾽withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment: God working with them)
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of μετά
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing the second element of the report)
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing indirect statement (the specific theological point of the report)
ἤνοιξενhe had openedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb of indirect statement→ constative aorist (the opening as God's decisive act at the beginning of the Gentile mission)ἀνοίγω: 'to open'; the 'open door' metaphor for missionary opportunity (cf. 1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12; Col 4:3; Rev 3:8).
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἔθνεσινGentilesDativedative of advantage (the door opened for the Gentiles)ἔθνος: 'Gentile/nation'; the whole chapter has been the story of this door's opening.
θύρανa doorAccusativeaccusative object of ἤνοιξενθύρα: 'door'; the metaphor = access opened by divine initiative.
πίστεωςof faithGenitivegenitive of content/species (a faith-door = the entry is by faith)πίστις: 'faith'; the door is not ethnic or legal but one of faith — accessible to all who believe.
28

διέτριβον δὲ ἐκεῖ χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον σὺν τοῖς μαθηταῖς.

And they spent no little time there with the disciples.

Narrative close — the apostles rest and consolidateδέThe chapter closes with a Lukan litotes: χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον ('no little time') = a substantial period. The first missionary journey is complete. The rest at Antioch sets the scene for the Jerusalem Council controversy of Acts 15.
διέτριβονthey were spending timeImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · διατρίβωmain verb (imperfect of extended stay)→ progressive imperfect (their prolonged residence — the same verb as v.3, another Iconium/Antioch echo)διατρίβω: 'to spend time/remain'; echoes v.3 where the same verb described the Iconium stay.
δέandnarrative particle
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (Antioch)
χρόνονtimeAccusativeaccusative of durationχρόνος: 'time'; the accusative marks extent.
οὐκnotnegative adverb (part of the litotes οὐκ ὀλίγον)
ὀλίγονlittleAccusativeattributive adjective (modified by οὐκ: litotes = a considerable time)ὀλίγος: 'few/little'; οὐκ ὀλίγον is a Lukan litotes for 'considerable/substantial' (cf. Acts 12:18; 17:4; 19:23).
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativedative object of σύν (the Antioch community)μαθητής: 'disciple'; the Antioch believers who sent them and now receive them back — the community that bookends the entire chapter.