independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
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The twelve disciples of John at Ephesus 19:1–7
vv. 1–3 — Paul arrives and asks the diagnostic questions
1
Ἐγένετο δὲindependent — Lukan ἐγένετο-formula governing the accusative-and-infinitive chain
ἐν τῷ τὸν Ἀπολλὼ εἶναι ἐν Κορίνθῳphrase modifier — ἐν τῷ + infinitive — the synchronism with 18:27–28
Παῦλον διελθόντα τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ μέρηparticipial — preposed participle inside the acc.-inf. — the inland Phrygian route; leans on ἐλθεῖν
ἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἔφεσονcontent — first complement infinitive — the arrival the chapter waits on
καὶ εὑρεῖν τινας μαθητάς·content — second infinitive — 'disciples' left deliberately ambiguous, the scene will sort them
2
εἶπέν τε πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — the speech-frame for the first diagnostic question
Εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐλάβετε πιστεύσαντες;content — interrogative εἰ — Spirit-reception assumed the corollary of believing; coincident aorist participle
οἱ δὲ πρὸς αὐτόν·independent — elliptical reply-frame — εἶπαν understood
Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιόν ἐστιν ἠκούσαμεν.content — the not-even-heard reply — embedded indirect question (εἰ … ἐστιν) preposed before ἠκούσαμεν
3
εἶπέν τε·independent — the second question's frame
Εἰς τί οὖν ἐβαπτίσθητε;content — εἰς τί echoes the baptismal εἰς ὄνομα formula — the question narrows to initiation
οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the reply-frame
Εἰς τὸ Ἰωάννου βάπτισμα.content — verbless answer — the pre-Pentecost horizon named (cf. Apollos, 18:25)
vv. 4–7 — rebaptism, the laying on of hands, the Spirit
4
εἶπεν δὲ Παῦλος·independent — the corrective explanation begins
Ἰωάννης ἐβάπτισεν βάπτισμα μετανοίας,content — cognate accusative — John's rite genuine but prospective
τῷ λαῷ λέγωνparticipial — attendant participle — the Baptist's own preaching folded in
εἰς τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετ' αὐτὸν ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν,content — ἵνα of indirect command — εἰς τὸν ἐρχόμενον drawn forward before its ἵνα
τοῦτ' ἔστιν εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν.phrase modifier — epexegetic gloss — the Coming One identified; the bridge to rebaptism
5
ἀκούσαντες δὲparticipial — preposed aorist participle — hearing and baptism nearly simultaneous; leans on ἐβαπτίσθησαν
ἐβαπτίσθησαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ.independent — the distinctively Christian formula (2:38; 8:16; 10:48) — the NT's one clear rebaptism
6
καὶ ἐπιθέντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ Παύλου χεῖραςparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning; the Samaritan pattern (8:17) at Ephesus
ἦλθε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπ' αὐτούς,independent — the answer to v. 2's question — a miniature Pentecost
ἐλάλουν τε γλώσσαιςindependent — inceptive-progressive imperfect — the Pentecostal signs (2:4)
καὶ ἐπροφήτευον.independent — the twin imperfect — ongoing manifestation, not a moment
7
ἦσαν δὲ οἱ πάντες ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ δώδεκα.independent — narrator's tally — ὡσεί approximation; twelve, the number of a reconstituted people
The hall of Tyrannus — all Asia hears 19:8–10
8
Εἰσελθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴνparticipial — preposed circumstantial — the usual synagogue-first pattern; leans on ἐπαρρησιάζετο
ἐπαρρησιάζετο ἐπὶ μῆνας τρεῖςindependent — iterative imperfect + durative ἐπί — the first time-span of the Ephesian ministry
διαλεγόμενος καὶ πείθων περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ.participial — the method named — dialectic and persuasion; the kingdom, Paul's synagogue theme
9
ὡς δέ τινες ἐσκληρύνοντο καὶ ἠπείθουνconditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd; no temporal key) — twin imperfects of progressive hardening; leans on ἀφώρισεν
κακολογοῦντες τὴν ὁδὸν ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους,participial — the slander made public — ἡ ὁδός, Luke's name for the movement (v. 23)
ἀποστὰς ἀπ' αὐτῶνparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the decisive break with the synagogue
ἀφώρισεν τοὺς μαθητάς,independent — ἀφώρισεν — the community detached as a body
καθ' ἡμέραν διαλεγόμενος ἐν τῇ σχολῇ Τυράννου.participial — the σχολή — a lecture hall, otherwise unattested; the Western text's 'fifth to tenth hour' gloss not printed
10
τοῦτο δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ ἔτη δύο,independent — the second time-span — with v. 8's three months, the frame of 20:31's three years
ὥστε πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου,purpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result (typed pur; no result key): Luke's most sweeping scope-statement
Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας.phrase modifier — apposition to πάντας — the two audiences of the whole Aegean mission
Extraordinary miracles and the sons of Sceva 19:11–20
vv. 11–12 — handkerchiefs and aprons
11
Δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας ἐποίει ὁ θεὸς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου,independent — litotes — 'not the ordinary kind'; iterative imperfect, God the subject, Paul's hands the instrument
12
ὥστε καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθιαpurpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result (typed pur): σουδάρια/σιμικίνθια, two Latin loanwords; cf. Peter's shadow (5:15)
καὶ ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἀπ' αὐτῶν τὰς νόσους,purpose — second result infinitive — illness distinguished from the demonic in the next
τά τε πνεύματα τὰ πονηρὰ ἐκπορεύεσθαι.purpose — third result infinitive — the exorcistic power the next scene will try to borrow
vv. 13–17 — the exorcists routed
13
Ἐπεχείρησαν δέ τινες καὶ τῶν περιερχομένων Ἰουδαίων ἐξορκιστῶνindependent — the counter-example opens — ἐπιχειρέω, 'to take in hand,' with a whiff of presumption
ὀνομάζειν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔχοντας τὰ πνεύματα τὰ πονηρὰ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦcontent — complement infinitive — the name treated as a power-word, magic's grammar
λέγοντες·participial — the speech-frame for the borrowed formula
Ὁρκίζω ὑμᾶς τὸν Ἰησοῦνcontent — ὁρκίζω + double accusative — the professional exorcist's adjuration
ὃν Παῦλος κηρύσσει.relative — the giveaway relative — a Jesus known only at second hand
14
ἦσαν δέ τινος Σκευᾶ Ἰουδαίου ἀρχιερέως ἑπτὰ υἱοὶ τοῦτο ποιοῦντες.independent — periphrastic imperfect — narrator's aside; no high priest Sceva is known: the title likely self-styled
15
ἀποκριθὲν δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρὸνparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the pleonastic answering-frame; leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the demon gets direct speech — the exorcists never do again
Τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκωcontent — fronted object — γινώσκω, knowledge by encounter
καὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἐπίσταμαι·content — the parallel with the lighter verb — ἐπίσταμαι, acquaintance by repute
ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνες ἐστέ;content — emphatic ὑμεῖς — the retort that denies them all standing
16
καὶ ἐφαλόμενος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐπ' αὐτοὺςparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the sudden spring; leans on ἴσχυσεν
ἐν ᾧ ἦν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρόν,relative — identifying relative — the possessed man now the demon's instrument
κατακυριεύσας ἀμφοτέρωνparticipial — ἀμφοτέρων — 'both,' the famous crux against v. 14's seven; retained, not smoothed to πάντων
ἴσχυσεν κατ' αὐτῶν,independent — ἴσχυσεν — the strength-verb the word itself will take over in v. 20 (ἴσχυεν)
ὥστε γυμνοὺς καὶ τετραυματισμένους ἐκφυγεῖν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου ἐκείνου.purpose — ὥστε + infinitive — actual result (typed pur): total rout, stripped and bleeding
17
τοῦτο δὲ ἐγένετο γνωστὸν πᾶσιν Ἰουδαίοις τε καὶ Ἕλλησιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν τὴν Ἔφεσον,independent — the report spreads — the same double audience as v. 10
καὶ ἐπέπεσεν φόβος ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς,independent — ἐπέπεσεν φόβος — the Lukan response to divine power (2:43; 5:5, 11)
καὶ ἐμεγαλύνετο τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ.independent — the misused name vindicated — ἐμεγαλύνετο anticipates the rival Μεγάλη of v. 28
vv. 18–20 — the bonfire of the scrolls and the refrain
18
πολλοί τε τῶν πεπιστευκότων ἤρχοντοindependent — iterative imperfect — believers already inside the community, their magic now surfacing
ἐξομολογούμενοι καὶ ἀναγγέλλοντες τὰς πράξεις αὐτῶν.participial — concurrent participles — πράξεις, here the technical word for magic spells
19
ἱκανοὶ δὲ τῶν τὰ περίεργα πραξάντων συνενέγκαντες τὰς βίβλουςparticipial — preposed aorist participle — τὰ περίεργα, the 'busy arts'; the famed Ἐφέσια γράμματα; leans on κατέκαιον
κατέκαιον ἐνώπιον πάντων·independent — iterative imperfect — scroll after scroll onto the fire, publicly
καὶ συνεψήφισαν τὰς τιμὰς αὐτῶνindependent — the audit of the renunciation
καὶ εὗρον ἀργυρίου μυριάδας πέντε.independent — five myriads of silver — roughly fifty thousand days' wages; the cost stated without comment
20
Οὕτως κατὰ κράτος τοῦ κυρίου ὁ λόγος ηὔξανεν καὶ ἴσχυεν.independent — the Lukan refrain (6:7; 12:24) — τοῦ κυρίου read with ὁ λόγος across the fronted κατὰ κράτος; ἴσχυεν echoes v. 16
The resolve — Jerusalem, then Rome 19:21–22
21
Ὡς δὲ ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα,conditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd) — ἐπληρώθη, a divine passive; leans on ἔθετο
ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πνεύματιindependent — the hinge of Acts — the itinerary that consumes the remaining nine chapters
διελθὼν τὴν Μακεδονίαν καὶ Ἀχαΐανparticipial — preposed participle inside the resolve — the collection route (1 Cor 16:1–5); leans on πορεύεσθαι
πορεύεσθαι εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα,content — complement infinitive — the resolve's content
εἰπὼν ὅτιparticipial — speech-participle with recitative ὅτι
Μετὰ τὸ γενέσθαι με ἐκεῖ δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν.content — δεῖ — Lukan divine necessity (23:11; 27:24); Rome named for the first time as goal
22
ἀποστείλας δὲ εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν δύο τῶν διακονούντων αὐτῷ, Τιμόθεον καὶ Ἔραστον,participial — preposed aorist participle — the advance party; leans on ἐπέσχεν
αὐτὸς ἐπέσχεν χρόνον εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν.independent — emphatic αὐτός — the delay into which the riot erupts
The riot of the silversmiths 19:23–34
vv. 23–27 — Demetrius rouses the craftsmen: the trade, then the goddess
23
Ἐγένετο δὲ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκεῖνον τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ.independent — litotes οὐκ ὀλίγος — the riot announced with studied understatement
24
Δημήτριος γάρ τις ὀνόματι, ἀργυροκόπος,cause — the γάρ that explains the τάραχος — the subject suspended while his trade is described
ποιῶν ναοὺς ἀργυροῦς Ἀρτέμιδοςparticipial — attributive participle — miniature Artemis temples, a documented Ephesian industry
παρείχετο τοῖς τεχνίταις οὐκ ὀλίγην ἐργασίαν·cause — the suspended subject's verb — the second litotes; ἐργασία, the word for both trade and profit
25
οὓς συναθροίσας καὶ τοὺς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάταςparticipial — connecting relative οὕς inside a preposed participle — the guild assembled; leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν·independent — the frame for the chapter's one deliberative speech by an opponent
Ἄνδρες, ἐπίστασθε ὅτιcontent — the appeal to shared knowledge — the economics stated first, with disarming candor
ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ἐργασίας ἡ εὐπορία ἡμῖν ἐστιν,content — εὐπορία — the motive named before the goddess is
26
καὶ θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε ὅτιcontent — the second ὅτι-frame — the evidence of their own eyes and ears
οὐ μόνον Ἐφέσου ἀλλὰ σχεδὸν πάσης τῆς Ἀσίας ὁ Παῦλος οὗτος πείσας μετέστησεν ἱκανὸν ὄχλονcontent — contemptuous ὁ Παῦλος οὗτος — Demetrius unwittingly confirms v. 10's scope-statement
λέγων ὅτιparticipial — Paul's preaching quoted at second hand, with recitative ὅτι
οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοὶ οἱ διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι.content — an accurate précis of Paul (17:24–29; cf. Isa 44:9–20) — the opponent as reliable witness
27
οὐ μόνον δὲ τοῦτο κινδυνεύει ἡμῖν τὸ μέρος εἰς ἀπελεγμὸν ἐλθεῖν,content — the escalation begins — οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί, from purse to temple to goddess
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τῆς μεγάλης θεᾶς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι,content — second infinitive under κινδυνεύει — the wonder of the world 'reckoned as nothing'
μέλλειν τε καὶ καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆςcontent — the climax — μεγαλειότης, the 'greatness' the crowd will chant back in one word
ἣν ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία καὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη σέβεται.relative — the rival universal claim — ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία against v. 10's all-Asia hearing of the word
vv. 28–29 — the chant, and the rush to the theater
28
ἀκούσαντες δὲ καὶ γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦparticipial — double preposed participle — hearing turns to fury before the verb strikes; leans on ἔκραζον
ἔκραζονindependent — iterative imperfect — the shout that will run two hours
λέγοντες·participial — pleonastic speech-participle
Μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων.content — verbless acclamation — attested verbatim in Ephesian inscriptions; the answer to ἐμεγαλύνετο (v. 17)
29
καὶ ἐπλήσθη ἡ πόλις τῆς συγχύσεως,independent — σύγχυσις — the riot's keyword, echoed in συγκεχυμένη (v. 32)
ὥρμησάν τε ὁμοθυμαδὸν εἰς τὸ θέατρον,independent — ὁμοθυμαδόν — the church's unanimity-word given to the mob; the great theater held some 25,000
συναρπάσαντες Γάϊον καὶ Ἀρίσταρχον Μακεδόνας, συνεκδήμους Παύλου.participial — the hostages — Aristarchus will reappear at 20:4; 27:2
vv. 30–34 — Paul restrained; the confused assembly; Alexander shouted down
30
Παύλου δὲ βουλομένου εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον,participial — genitive absolute — concessive force; forward-leaning on εἴων
οὐκ εἴων αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταί·independent — iterative imperfect — they kept holding him back
31
τινὲς δὲ καὶ τῶν Ἀσιαρχῶν,independent — the subject suspended — provincial cult officers, of all people, on Paul's side
ὄντες αὐτῷ φίλοι,participial — the remarkable notice — Paul with friends among the Ephesian elite
πέμψαντες πρὸς αὐτὸνparticipial — the message relayed — they too keep clear of the theater
παρεκάλουνindependent — the suspended subject's verb — iterative imperfect, repeated appeals
μὴ δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὸ θέατρον.content — complement infinitive — δοῦναι ἑαυτόν, to hand himself to the mob
32
ἄλλοι μὲν οὖν ἄλλο τι ἔκραζον·independent — the idiom of chaos — ἄλλοι ἄλλο τι, repeated verbatim at 21:34
ἦν γὰρ ἡ ἐκκλησία συγκεχυμένη,cause — periphrastic perfect — ἐκκλησία of the pagan gathering, the first of three ironic uses
καὶ οἱ πλείους οὐκ ᾔδεισανcause — the narrator's driest aside — coordinate with the γάρ clause
τίνος ἕνεκεν συνεληλύθεισαν.content — indirect question with pluperfect — assembled, and ignorant of why
33
ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ὄχλου συνεβίβασαν Ἀλέξανδρον,independent — συνεβίβασαν — obscure: 'instructed' or 'put forward'; the verb's vagueness matches the scene's
προβαλόντων αὐτὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων·participial — genitive absolute after its verb — the community's bid to disown Paul publicly
ὁ δὲ Ἀλέξανδρος κατασείσας τὴν χεῖραparticipial — the orator's gesture for silence (13:16; 21:40); leans on ἤθελεν
ἤθελεν ἀπολογεῖσθαι τῷ δήμῳ.independent — conative imperfect — the defense never gets spoken
34
ἐπιγνόντες δὲparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the recognition that undoes him; leans on ἐγένετο
ὅτι Ἰουδαῖός ἐστινcontent — ὅτι-content with retained present — a Jew, hence no friend of images either; it does not matter
φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία ἐκ πάντων ὡς ἐπὶ ὥρας δύο κραζόντων·independent — φωνὴ μία — the chaos fuses into a single cry; Luke's most precise riot-clock
Μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων.content — the acclamation verbatim from v. 28 — two hours of the refrain
The town clerk's speech — the assembly dismissed 19:35–41
vv. 35–37 — the νεωκόρος ground: nothing rash, no crime committed
35
καταστείλας δὲ ὁ γραμματεὺς τὸν ὄχλονparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the γραμματεύς, chief executive of the civic council; leans on φησίν
φησίν·independent — historic present φησίν — the chapter's one, marking the decisive intervention
Ἄνδρες Ἐφέσιοι,phrase modifier — the civic vocative — the orator's opening
τίς γάρ ἐστιν ἄνθρωποςcontent — rhetorical question — Artemis's status so secure it needs no riot
ὃς οὐ γινώσκει τὴν Ἐφεσίων πόλιν νεωκόρον οὖσαν τῆς μεγάλης Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ τοῦ διοπετοῦς;relative — νεωκόρος — the city's documented cult-title; the διοπετές, the heaven-fallen sacred object
36
ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτωνparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on δέον ἐστίν; the concession that disarms
δέον ἐστὶν ὑμᾶς κατεσταλμένους ὑπάρχεινcontent — impersonal δέον ἐστίν — κατεσταλμένους echoes the clerk's own καταστείλας (v. 35)
καὶ μηδὲν προπετὲς πράσσειν.content — the counsel in two words — προπετές, headlong
37
ἠγάγετε γὰρ τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους οὔτε ἱεροσύλους οὔτε βλασφημοῦντας τὴν θεὸν ἡμῶν.cause — the legal ground — the only two chargeable offenses, both denied; an official's verdict on Paul's method
vv. 38–41 — the courts are open; the danger of στάσις; the dismissal
38
εἰ μὲν οὖν Δημήτριος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τεχνῖται πρός τινα λόγον ἔχουσιν,conditional — first protasis — forward-leaning on the remedy below; Demetrius named to his face
ἀγοραῖοι ἄγονταιcontent — the civil remedy — the assize sessions of the agora
καὶ ἀνθύπατοί εἰσιν·content — the generalizing plural — Roman jurisdiction available above the local courts
ἐγκαλείτωσαν ἀλλήλοις.content — third-person imperative — litigation, not riot
39
εἰ δέ τι περαιτέρω ἐπιζητεῖτε,conditional — second protasis — forward-leaning; matters beyond private suits
ἐν τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπιλυθήσεται.content — the ἔννομος ἐκκλησία — the regular assembly, pointedly against this one; the second ironic ἐκκλησία
40
καὶ γὰρ κινδυνεύομεν ἐγκαλεῖσθαι στάσεως περὶ τῆς σήμερον,content — the clinching argument — στάσεως, genitive of the charge; Rome's one unforgivable civic sin
μηδενὸς αἰτίου ὑπάρχοντοςparticipial — genitive absolute after its clause — the clerk concedes the riot has no justification
περὶ οὗ οὐ δυνησόμεθα ἀποδοῦναι λόγον περὶ τῆς συστροφῆς ταύτης.relative — notoriously tangled syntax — the doubled περί (περὶ οὗ … περὶ τῆς συστροφῆς) left as it stands
41
καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼνparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the speech closed; leans on ἀπέλυσεν
ἀπέλυσεν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.independent — the third ἐκκλησία — the two-hour mob simply sent home by a pagan official; Luke's closing irony
Analysis. Acts 19 is Luke's Ephesus dossier — three years compressed into four episodes — and the layout shows a paratactic narrative mainline repeatedly interrupted by speech-columns hanging blue (cnt) beneath their verbs of saying. The first column is dialogue: Paul's two diagnostic questions to the twelve and their replies (vv. 2–3, one reply-frame verbless: οἱ δὲ πρὸς αὐτόν), then Paul's bridge from John's baptism to Jesus (v. 4). The second is the demon's retort (v. 15) — Τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκω framing ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνες ἐστέ; — set against the exorcists' borrowed formula under λέγοντες (v. 13). The third is Demetrius' guild-speech (vv. 25–27), which the layout shows moving candidly from εὐπορία to Artemis: two ὅτι-columns (ἐπίστασθε, θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε) and then the double danger under κινδυνεύει. Against it stand the crowd's two verbless acclamations Μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων (vv. 28, 34 — attested verbatim in Ephesian inscriptions, the second sustained two hours), and the fourth column, the town clerk's speech, hangs entirely under the chapter's one historic present φησίν (v. 35): the νεωκόρος rhetorical question, the gen.-abs.-grounded nothing-rash counsel, two forward-leaning protases opening the courts and the lawful assembly, and the closing στάσις-warning whose relative clause (περὶ οὗ … περὶ τῆς συστροφῆς ταύτης) is genuinely tangled — the layout hangs it on αἰτίου and lets the tag name the awkwardness. Throughout, preposed participles and genitive absolutes lean forward anchor-less on the verb below (ἀκούσαντες δέ, ἐπιθέντος … τοῦ Παύλου, Παύλου δὲ βουλομένου, καταστείλας δὲ ὁ γραμματεύς), Mark-fashion. Cruxes the layout inherits: ἀμφοτέρων in v. 16 ('both') against the seven sons of v. 14 — retained and tagged, not smoothed to πάντων; the Western 'fifth to the tenth hour' gloss at v. 9 absent from the printed text; τοῦ κυρίου in v. 20 read with ὁ λόγος across the fronted κατὰ κράτος; and ἐκκλησία used three times of the pagan assembly (vv. 32, 39, 41) — Luke's closing irony that the two-hour mob is simply 'dismissed.'