Acts 2 — Clausal Layout (Greek)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

The outpouring — wind, fire, and the tongues of the nations 2:1–13

vv. 1–4 — the wind, the fire, the filling

Καὶ ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆςphrase modifier — ἐν τῷ + infinitive — Lukan temporal idiom; leans on ἦσαν; συμπληροῦσθαι, the day filling up to its appointed brim

ἦσαν πάντες ὁμοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό.independent — ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό — the gathered-community formula (1:15; vv. 44, 47): the chapter's inclusio opens

καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχοςindependent — ἄφνω — the theophany begins as sound, ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ

ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίαςcomparative — ὥσπερ — like, not identical; πνοή puns on πνεῦμα: Sinai-theophany register

καὶ ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἶκονindependent — ἐπλήρωσεν — the house filled before the people are (v. 4)

οὗ ἦσαν καθήμενοι·relative — locative οὗ — periphrastic imperfect; still the upper-room posture of 1:13

καὶ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός,independent — ὤφθησαν — the verb of theophanic appearing; γλῶσσαι, the word about to mean languages

καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐφ' ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν,independent — singular ἐκάθισεν — the divided fire settles one by one: the Spirit individualized

καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες πνεύματος ἁγίουindependent — the promise of 1:5, 8 fulfilled — πάντες, not the Twelve only

καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαιςindependent — ἑτέραις γλώσσαις — other languages, as vv. 6–11 will prove; Babel begun in reverse

καθὼς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἀποφθέγγεσθαι.comparative — iterative ἐδίδου — ἀποφθέγγεσθαι, oracular utterance: Peter's own verb at v. 14

vv. 5–8 — the crowd: each hears his own tongue

Ἦσαν δὲ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ κατοικοῦντες Ἰουδαῖοι, ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν.independent — periphrastic ἦσαν κατοικοῦντες — devout Diaspora Jews; ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους anticipates the roster of vv. 9–11

γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτηςparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on συνῆλθεν; ἡ φωνὴ αὕτη: the ἦχος of v. 2 or the speaking of v. 4, left open

συνῆλθεν τὸ πλῆθοςindependent — the city converges on the sound

καὶ συνεχύθη,independent — συγχέω — Babel's own verb (Gen 11:7, 9 LXX): the confusion of tongues replayed in order to be undone

ὅτι ἤκουεν εἷς ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν.cause — distributive εἷς ἕκαστος with singular ἤκουεν — διάλεκτος: the miracle specified as real languages

ἐξίσταντο δὲ καὶ ἐθαύμαζονindependent — double imperfect — sustained astonishment

λέγοντες·participial — pleonastic speech-participle — the frame for the crowd's three questions (vv. 7b–12)

Οὐχ ἰδοὺ ἅπαντες οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι;content — οὐχ expecting yes — the Galilean sneer: provincials without polyglot credentials

καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶνcontent — the hearers' πῶς — hearing, not speaking, is where they place the wonder

ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν;relative — the relative pinning the miracle to birth-languages, not learned speech

vv. 9–11 — the roll of the nations

Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Ἐλαμῖταιphrase modifier — the roster opens in the far east — the whole list leans forward on ἀκούομεν (v. 11)

καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν,participial — substantival participle — its accusative territories file beneath it; leans on ἀκούομεν

Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν,phrase modifier — Ἰουδαίαν the roster's odd man in — natives listed among the nations; a noted puzzle

Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν,phrase modifier — north through Anatolia — the sweep bends west

Φρυγίαν τε καὶ Παμφυλίαν,phrase modifier — inner and southern Asia Minor — regions Paul will walk

Αἴγυπτον καὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς Λιβύης τῆς κατὰ Κυρήνην,phrase modifier — the African Diaspora — Alexandria and Cyrene, the great Jewish colonies

καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες Ῥωμαῖοι,phrase modifier — the list's western climax — ἐπιδημοῦντες, sojourners from the capital; Acts ends where the roster does

Ἰουδαῖοί τε καὶ προσήλυτοι,phrase modifier — apposition to the Romans — birth and conversion both represented

Κρῆτες καὶ Ἄραβες,phrase modifier — the afterthought pair, island and desert — every compass point now filed

ἀκούομεν λαλούντων αὐτῶν ταῖς ἡμετέραις γλώσσαις τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ.independent — the one finite verb the whole roster waited for — τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ, doxology as content

vv. 12–13 — amazement and the new-wine sneer

ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηπόρουν,independent — διαπορέω — Luke's aporia verb: the sign demands an interpreter

ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες·participial — distributive idiom — the buzz of the crowd

Τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι;content — literally 'what does this will to be?' — the question the sermon exists to answer

ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτιindependent — διαχλευάζω — open jeering; recitative ὅτι kept with the frame

Γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν.content — γλεῦκος — new sweet wine; μεμεστωμένοι answers ἐπλήσθησαν (v. 4): rival explanations of one filling

Peter's Pentecost sermon — Joel, David, and the Lord at the right hand 2:14–36

vv. 14–15 — the frame and the rebuttal: not drunk, it is the third hour

Σταθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος σὺν τοῖς ἕνδεκαparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on ἐπῆρεν; the restored Twelve stand behind the spokesman

ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦindependent — the orator's gesture — Luke's formal speech-opening

καὶ ἀπεφθέγξατο αὐτοῖς·independent — ἀποφθέγγεσθαι again (v. 4) — Spirit-given utterance; the whole sermon (vv. 14b–36) hangs on this verb

Ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἰερουσαλὴμ πάντες,content — vocative address — the first of three escalating addresses (vv. 14, 22, 29)

τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ἔστωcontent — third-person imperative — the herald's formula (cf. 4:10; 13:38)

καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου.content — ἐνωτίσασθε — Septuagintal 'give ear' (Joel 1:2 LXX): the sermon opens in Scripture's own idiom

οὐ γὰρ ὡς ὑμεῖς ὑπολαμβάνετε οὗτοι μεθύουσιν,content — the sneer of v. 13 answered first — the internal ὡς-clause kept in line

ἔστιν γὰρ ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας·cause — 9 a.m. — too early for the wine: dry wit as argument

vv. 16–21 — this is that: the Joel citation (Joel 3:1–5 LXX)

ἀλλὰ τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ·content — the this-is-that formula — pesher-style identification; the citation (vv. 17–21) hangs on τὸ εἰρημένον

Καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, λέγει ὁ θεός,content — Joel 3:1 LXX — μετὰ ταῦτα rewritten ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις: Pentecost placed inside the last days

ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα,content — the keyword ἐκχεῶ — reclaimed at v. 33: what God says here, Jesus does there; partitive ἀπό

καὶ προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν,content — all flesh unpacked — sons and daughters alike

καὶ οἱ νεανίσκοι ὑμῶν ὁράσεις ὄψονταιcontent — cognate ὁράσεις ὄψονται — the young given sight

καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται·content — the second cognate pair — age and youth both enlisted

καί γε ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου,content — καί γε — even the slaves; the μου (God's own servants) sharpens Joel

καὶ προφητεύσουσιν.content — an addition to Joel's text — prophecy repeated as the gift's very definition

καὶ δώσω τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ σημεῖα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω,content — ἄνω/κάτω added to Joel — the τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα pair that Jesus (v. 22) and the apostles (v. 43) will carry

αἷμα καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ·phrase modifier — the triad in apposition — theophanic storm imagery

ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα,content — one clause with ellipsis — the darkened sun and blood moon of the Day

πρὶν ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ.conditional — πρίν + infinitive (typed cnd; no temporal key) — ἐπιφανῆ, the LXX's 'manifest' for MT 'dreadful'

καὶ ἔσται πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου σωθήσεται.content — Joel 3:5 — the citation's hinge: κύριος will be identified as Jesus at v. 36; σωθήσεται returns at vv. 40, 47

vv. 22–24 — the kerygma: attested, delivered up, crucified, raised

Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τούτους·content — the second address — from apology to kerygma; Ἰσραηλῖται, the covenant name

Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον, ἄνδρα ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς δυνάμεσιν καὶ τέρασιν καὶ σημείοιςcontent — suspended accusative — the object waits through v. 22 to be seized by τοῦτον (v. 23); ἀποδεδειγμένον, publicly accredited

οἷς ἐποίησεν δι' αὐτοῦ ὁ θεὸς ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν,relative — attracted relative (οἷς for ἅ) — God the actor, Jesus the instrument

καθὼς αὐτοὶ οἴδατε,comparative — appeal to the hearers' own knowledge — the works were public

τοῦτον τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ ἔκδοτονphrase modifier — the fronted object resumes the suspension — ἔκδοτον, NT hapax; the divine-plan datives before the human verb; leans on ἀνείλατε

διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων προσπήξαντεςparticipial — προσπήξαντες — 'fixed fast' to the cross, Luke's rare word; ἄνομοι, the Romans as men-without-Torah; leans on ἀνείλατε

ἀνείλατε,content — the accusation lands in one bare word — plan and guilt in a single sentence

ὃν ὁ θεὸς ἀνέστησενrelative — the great reversal — your verb answered by God's; ὅν on the object just slain

λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου,participial — ὠδῖνες θανάτου — Ps 17:5 LXX: death in labor, unable to keep its child

καθότι οὐκ ἦν δυνατὸν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ.cause — οὐκ ἦν δυνατόν — the impossibility about to be grounded in Scripture (vv. 25–28)

vv. 25–28 — David's psalm: the Holy One not abandoned (Ps 16:8–11 LXX)

Δαυὶδ γὰρ λέγει εἰς αὐτόν·cause — citation formula — Ps 16:8–11 LXX hangs on λέγει; εἰς αὐτόν, 'with reference to him'

Προωρώμην τὸν κύριον ἐνώπιόν μου διὰ παντός,content — Ps 15:8 LXX — προορᾶν, keeping the Lord ever in view

ὅτι ἐκ δεξιῶν μού ἐστινcause — ἐκ δεξιῶν — the phrase that will pivot to Ps 110:1 at v. 34

ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῶ.purpose — the purpose of the right-hand presence — the psalmist's stability

διὰ τοῦτο ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία μουcontent — the gladness drawn from the presence

καὶ ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου,content — LXX γλῶσσα where the Hebrew has 'glory' — the tongue, apt at Pentecost

ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ' ἐλπίδι·content — κατασκηνώσει — the flesh 'tents' in hope: the argument's fulcrum turns bodily

ὅτι οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾅδηνcause — the hope grounded — οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις, echoed of Christ at v. 31

οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν.cause — διαφθορά — the LXX's 'corruption' (MT 'pit'): the word the whole argument rides on (vv. 29–31)

ἐγνώρισάς μοι ὁδοὺς ζωῆς,content — ὁδοὶ ζωῆς — resurrection as the road shown

πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου.content — the citation closes in joy — μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου, before the face

vv. 29–31 — the tomb argument: the patriarch died, the prophet foresaw

Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, ἐξὸν εἰπεῖν μετὰ παρρησίας πρὸς ὑμᾶς περὶ τοῦ πατριάρχου Δαυίδ,content — third address, now ἀδελφοί — ἐξόν (sc. ἐστιν), verbless; παρρησία, the keyword of apostolic speech

ὅτι καὶ ἐτελεύτησενcontent — the syllogism's first premise

καὶ ἐτάφηcontent — burial certifies death

καὶ τὸ μνῆμα αὐτοῦ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης·content — the standing tomb — David saw corruption; the psalm awaits another

προφήτης οὖν ὑπάρχωνparticipial — leans on ἐλάλησεν (v. 31) — David reclassified: not psalmist only but prophet

καὶ εἰδὼςparticipial — the second preposed participle — knowledge of the oath; leans on ἐλάλησεν

ὅτι ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸςcontent — Ps 132:11 — the Davidic oath; cognate ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν

ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ καθίσαι ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ,content — complement infinitive — the enthronement content of the oath

προϊδὼνparticipial — the prophet's προ- — leans on ἐλάλησεν

ἐλάλησεν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦcontent — the hermeneutical verdict — Ps 16 read as spoken of the Messiah, not of David himself

ὅτι οὔτε ἐγκατελείφθη εἰς ᾅδηνcontent — the psalm's future turned aorist — fulfilled, not merely hoped

οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν.content — διαφθορά again — the empty tomb argued from the psalm's own grammar

vv. 32–33 — raised, exalted, pouring out what you see and hear

τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός,content — τοῦτον fronted — the demonstrative kerygma; God the subject throughout

οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες.relative — οὗ — 'of which' (the resurrection) or 'of whom'; the witness theme of 1:8, 22

τῇ δεξιᾷ οὖν τοῦ θεοῦ ὑψωθεὶςparticipial — leans on ἐξέχεεν — τῇ δεξιᾷ locative ('to') or instrumental ('by'), left open; the psalms' right hand recurs

τήν τε ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου λαβὼν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός,participial — the promise of 1:4 — received in order to be given; leans on ἐξέχεεν

ἐξέχεεν τοῦτοcontent — ἐξέχεεν — Joel's ἐκχεῶ (v. 17) now Jesus' own act: the exalted one does what God said he would

ὃ ὑμεῖς [καὶ] βλέπετε καὶ ἀκούετε.relative — the phenomena of vv. 2–4 as public evidence — [καὶ] bracketed as disputed

vv. 34–35 — not David but David's Lord (Ps 110:1)

οὐ γὰρ Δαυὶδ ἀνέβη εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς,cause — the exaltation argued as the resurrection was — David again the foil

λέγει δὲ αὐτός·content — the δέ-pivot, coordinate with the γάρ-clause on ἐξέχεεν — the citation formula for Ps 110:1

Εἶπεν [ὁ] κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου·content — Ps 110:1 — two lords: YHWH and David's own κύριος; [ὁ] bracketed

Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου,content — the session command — ἐκ δεξιῶν, the phrase of v. 25 become enthronement

ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου.conditional — ἕως ἄν + subjunctive (typed cnd; no temporal key) — the session's term: the subjugation still under way

v. 36 — the verdict: Lord and Christ

ἀσφαλῶς οὖν γινωσκέτω πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραὴλcontent — ἀσφαλῶς οὖν — the sermon's QED; πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραήλ, the whole nation summoned to the conclusion

ὅτι καὶ κύριον αὐτὸν καὶ χριστὸν ἐποίησεν ὁ θεός,content — κύριος from Joel's citation (v. 21) and χριστός from David's — ἐποίησεν as exaltation language, the crux noted

τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦνphrase modifier — the demonstrative one last time — apposition to αὐτόν

ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐσταυρώσατε.relative — the sermon's last word — emphatic ὑμεῖς: the sting that pierces (v. 37)

The response — pierced hearts and three thousand souls 2:37–41

vv. 37–39 — the pierced heart and the promise

Ἀκούσαντες δὲparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on κατενύγησαν

κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίανindependent — κατανύσσομαι — only here in the NT (cf. Ps 108:16 LXX): the word wounds before it heals

εἶπόν τε πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀποστόλους·independent — τε-linked — the response immediate; the Eleven of v. 14 still standing

Τί ποιήσωμεν, ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί;content — deliberative subjunctive — the crowd returns Peter's ἀδελφοί (v. 29); cf. Luke 3:10

Πέτρος δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — verbless speech-frame — the parenthetic [φησίν] follows inside the quotation

Μετανοήσατε, [φησίν,]content — the answer's first imperative — [φησίν] bracketed as textually uncertain

καὶ βαπτισθήτω ἕκαστος ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶνcontent — the chapter's crux — εἰς ἄφεσιν: goal, ground, or reference, its force left open; ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι, on the authority of the name

καὶ λήμψεσθε τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος.content — future indicative after the imperatives — the Spirit himself the δωρεά

ὑμῖν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς εἰς μακράν,cause — the widening circle — you, your children, the far-off (Isa 57:19): the Gentiles in embryo

ὅσους ἂν προσκαλέσηται κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν.relative — Joel 3:5b — the citation's unquoted ending surfaces: the called answer the callers-upon (v. 21)

vv. 40–41 — the exhortation and the three thousand

ἑτέροις τε λόγοις πλείοσιν διεμαρτύρατοindependent — the sermon marked as larger than its transcript

καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτοὺςindependent — iterative imperfect after the aorist — the pleading continues

λέγων·participial — pleonastic speech-participle

Σώθητε ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης.content — passive imperative — let yourselves be saved; γενεὰ σκολιά, Deut 32:5; σῴζω closes the Joel arc (v. 21)

οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀποδεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθησανindependent — μὲν οὖν — Luke's resumptive; ἀποδεξάμενοι, glad welcome of the word

καὶ προσετέθησαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι.independent — divine passive προσετέθησαν — God does the adding (v. 47); three thousand where Sinai's day cost three thousand (Exod 32:28)

The community of goods and the daily increase 2:42–47

vv. 42–43 — the four devotions and the awe

ἦσαν δὲ προσκαρτεροῦντες τῇ διδαχῇ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ,independent — periphrastic — προσκαρτερεῖν, persistent adherence; the first pair of the four devotions

τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς.phrase modifier — the second dative pair — asyndeton splits the four in two; κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου, Luke's table phrase (Luke 24:35)

ἐγίνετο δὲ πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος,independent — imperfect ἐγίνετο — continuing awe; ψυχή echoing the three thousand ψυχαί

πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο.independent — Joel's τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα (v. 19) and Jesus' own (v. 22) now run through the apostles

vv. 44–47 — all things common, daily growth

πάντες δὲ οἱ πιστεύοντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸindependent — ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό again (vv. 1, 47) — the shorter text read, without the later expansions

καὶ εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά,independent — ἅπαντα κοινά — the Greek friendship ideal (κοινὰ τὰ φίλων) made Pentecostal fact

καὶ τὰ κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις ἐπίπρασκονindependent — iterative imperfect — sales as needs arose, not a single divestment

καὶ διεμέριζον αὐτὰ πᾶσινindependent — διεμέριζον — the fire's verb (διαμεριζόμεναι, v. 3) become the economy's

καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν·comparative — καθότι ἄν + imperfect — iterative-distributive: need, not status, the measure

καθ' ἡμέραν τε προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ,participial — leans on μετελάμβανον — the devotion of v. 42 kept daily; ὁμοθυμαδόν, Luke's unanimity word

κλῶντές τε κατ' οἶκον ἄρτον,participial — distributive κατ' οἶκον — temple and household, the community's two rooms; leans on μετελάμβανον

μετελάμβανον τροφῆς ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας,independent — ἀγαλλίασις — the psalm's joy (v. 26) at table; ἀφελότης, unstudied simplicity, found only here

αἰνοῦντες τὸν θεὸνparticipial — the meals doxological — αἰνεῖν, Luke's praise verb

καὶ ἔχοντες χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν.participial — χάρις πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν — goodwill before the whole λαός, soon to divide

ὁ δὲ κύριος προσετίθει τοὺς σῳζομένους καθ' ἡμέραν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό.independent — iterative imperfect — ὁ κύριος (v. 36) does the adding; οἱ σῳζόμενοι, Joel's promise (v. 21) in motion; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό read with this clause, closing the inclusio of v. 1

Analysis. Acts 2 sets Luke's two registers side by side. The narrative (vv. 1–13, 37–47) runs Markan-flat: coordinate main clauses down the left margin — the sound came, it filled the house, tongues appeared and sat, all were filled and began to speak — with Luke's preposed frames (the ἐν τῷ + infinitive of v. 1, the genitive absolute of v. 6, the participle-trains of vv. 37 and 46) leaning forward, anchor-less, on the verbs below them, and the roll of the nations (vv. 9–11) standing as a verbless mod roster — three verses of piled subject, east to west from Parthia to Rome, suspended before its one governing verb, ἀκούομεν. Against that column Peter's sermon (vv. 14–36) is one unbroken speech: every speech-level clause hangs blue (cnt) at constant depth from the single frame verb ἀπεφθέγξατο (v. 14 — the same Spirit-given utterance-verb as v. 4), and the three Old Testament citations each drop one step deeper beneath their citation formulas: Joel 3:1–5 LXX under τὸ εἰρημένον (vv. 17–21, where Luke's ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις for Joel's μετὰ ταῦτα is kept as the sermon's eschatological key), Ps 16:8–11 LXX under Δαυὶδ λέγει (vv. 25–28, the argument riding on the LXX's διαφθορά, 'corruption'), and Ps 110:1 under λέγει δὲ αὐτός (vv. 34–35). Cruxes are taken openly: v. 23 keeps the fronted τοῦτον … ἔκδοτον (NT hapax) and the nailing-participle as suspended forward-leaning lines so that the bare ἀνείλατε lands alone — divine plan and human guilt in one sentence; οὗ in v. 32 is glossed 'of which' (the resurrection) with 'of whom' noted; in v. 38 εἰς ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν stays on the baptism line with its disputed force named, not resolved; and ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό, the chapter's inclusio (vv. 1, 44, 47), is read at v. 47 with the preceding clause, following the chapter data's text note.