independentparticipialrelativepurposecomparativecontentphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1–10
vv. 1–3 — the scene: the ninth hour, the gate, the beggar's request
1
Πέτρος δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννης ἀνέβαινον εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἐπὶ τὴν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς τὴν ἐνάτην.independent — scene-setting — progressive imperfect ἀνέβαινον; the ninth hour (3 p.m.), the hour of the afternoon Tamid sacrifice
2
καί τις ἀνὴρ χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων ἐβαστάζετο,independent — new participant — congenital lameness (ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός, cf. 14:8); the passive, his total dependence
ὃν ἐτίθουν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν θύραν τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὴν λεγομένην Ὡραίανrelative — iterative imperfect — the daily routine; the Beautiful Gate, probably the Nicanor Gate (Josephus, War 5.5.3)
τοῦ αἰτεῖν ἐλεημοσύνην παρὰ τῶν εἰσπορευομένων εἰς τὸ ἱερόν.purpose — τοῦ + infinitive of purpose — a begging post at the worshippers' choke-point
3
ὃς ἰδὼν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννην μέλλοντας εἰσιέναι εἰς τὸ ἱερόν,participial — preposed aorist participle — leans on ἠρώτα; connective ὅς; μέλλοντας catches them mid-approach
ἠρώτα ἐλεημοσύνην λαβεῖν.independent — inceptive imperfect — the routine petition; what he asks is coin
vv. 4–6 — the exchange: look at us; what I have I give you
4
ἀτενίσας δὲ Πέτρος εἰς αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ Ἰωάννῃparticipial — preposed — ἀτενίζω, the Lucan stare (1:10; 6:15; 7:55); leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν·independent — the speech-frame
Βλέψον εἰς ἡμᾶς.content — aorist imperative — attention demanded before the gift
5
ὁ δὲ ἐπεῖχεν αὐτοῖςindependent — progressive imperfect — ἐπέχω with dative, sustained attention; only here in Acts
προσδοκῶν τι παρ᾽ αὐτῶν λαβεῖν.participial — causal participle — the expectation about to be redirected: he awaits coin, receives healing
6
εἶπεν δὲ Πέτρος·independent — the frame for the healing word
Ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον οὐχ ὑπάρχει μοι·content — the disclaimer — ὑπάρχει with dative of possession; all monetary wealth denied
ὃ δὲ ἔχω τοῦτό σοι δίδωμι·content — fronted headless relative resumed by τοῦτό — performative present δίδωμι, the gift enacted in the saying
ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει.content — the chapter's hinge — the name bearing the exalted Lord's authority (v. 16; 4:10); paired present imperatives
vv. 7–10 — the healing: raised, leaping, recognized
7
καὶ πιάσας αὐτὸν τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἤγειρεν; the grasp the point of contact (Isa 41:13, 'I take you by the right hand')
ἤγειρεν αὐτόν·independent — ἐγείρω — the healing verb is the resurrection verb (vv. 15, 26; 4:10)
παραχρῆμα δὲ ἐστερεώθησαν αἱ βάσεις αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ σφυδρά,independent — divine passive; παραχρῆμα the Lucan mark of instantaneous cure; βάσεις and σφυδρά (NT hapax) medical vocabulary
8
καὶ ἐξαλλόμενοςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἔστη; ἐξάλλομαι, NT hapax: he sprang up from his begging place
ἔστηindependent — ingressive aorist — he who had never stood, stood
καὶ περιεπάτει,independent — inceptive imperfect — v. 6's command περιπάτει obeyed
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν σὺν αὐτοῖς εἰς τὸ ἱερὸνindependent — the man who sat outside comes in — restored to the worshipping community
περιπατῶν καὶ ἁλλόμενος καὶ αἰνῶν τὸν θεόν.participial — triple participle of manner — ἁλλόμενος fulfils Isa 35:6 LXX ('the lame man will leap like a deer'); praise to God, not Peter
9
καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὸν πᾶς ὁ λαὸςindependent — πᾶς ὁ λαός — the public, undeniable witness
περιπατοῦντα καὶ αἰνοῦντα τὸν θεόν,participial — supplementary participles — what they saw: v. 8's acts repeated verbatim
10
ἐπεγίνωσκον δὲ αὐτὸνindependent — imperfect — the dawning recognition
ὅτι αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῇ Ὡραίᾳ Πύλῃ τοῦ ἱεροῦ,content — ὅτι-content — the identification that makes the miracle undeniable
καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐτῷ.independent — the Lucan wonder-formula — the crowd the sermon will address
Peter in Solomon's Portico: the God of the fathers glorified his Servant 3:11–26
vv. 11–12 — the frame: the crowd runs together, Peter answers
11
Κρατοῦντος δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννηνparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on συνέδραμεν; the healed man clings to his healers
συνέδραμεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῇ στοᾷ τῇ καλουμένῃ Σολομῶντος, ἔκθαμβοι.independent — constructio ad sensum — plural ἔκθαμβοι with collective λαός; Σολομῶντος the better-attested genitive
12
ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Πέτροςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἀπεκρίνατο; what he sees is the staring crowd
ἀπεκρίνατο πρὸς τὸν λαόν·independent — ἀποκρίνομαι answering a situation, not a question — the whole sermon (vv. 12–26) hangs on this one frame
vv. 12–16 — why do you stare at us? God glorified his Servant, whom you denied
Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, τί θαυμάζετε ἐπὶ τούτῳ,content — the opening rebuke — vocative address (cf. 2:22), the wonder misdirected
ἢ ἡμῖν τί ἀτενίζετεcontent — the crowd's ἀτενίζω — v. 4's verb turned back on the starers; fronted ἡμῖν
ὡς ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ πεποιηκόσιν τοῦ περιπατεῖν αὐτόν;comparative — ὡς + dative participle — the false inference disowned; τοῦ περιπατεῖν epexegetic of the deed
13
ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ [ὁ θεὸς] Ἰσαὰκ καὶ [ὁ θεὸς] Ἰακώβ, ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, ἐδόξασεν τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν,content — Exod 3:6, 15 — the patriarchal formula; παῖς the Isaianic Servant (Isa 52:13 LXX ἐδοξάσθη), explicit only here and v. 26 in Acts
ὃν ὑμεῖς μὲν παρεδώκατεrelative — emphatic ὑμεῖς — the indictment begins; μέν anticipating God's reversal (v. 15)
καὶ ἠρνήσασθε αὐτὸν κατὰ πρόσωπον Πιλάτου,relative — coordinate in the relative — ἀρνέομαι, the disowning verb, doubled at v. 14
κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν.participial — genitive absolute, concessive — the pagan judge acquits where Israel disowns (Luke 23:16)
14
ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸν ἅγιον καὶ δίκαιον ἠρνήσασθεcontent — the antitheses sharpen — messianic titles (Isa 53:11's Righteous One; Ps 16:10's Holy One, cf. 2:27)
καὶ ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν,content — Barabbas unnamed (Luke 23:18–19, 25) — a killer preferred to the Righteous One
15
τὸν δὲ ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ἀπεκτείνατε,content — the paradox — ἀρχηγός ('author, pioneer, prince'): the Life-giver killed; fronted object for maximum irony
ὃν ὁ θεὸς ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν,relative — the reversal — God against your verdict; the kerygmatic core (2:24; 4:10)
οὗ ἡμεῖς μάρτυρές ἐσμεν.relative — οὗ — 'of which' (the raising) or 'of whom'; the apostolic witness-formula (1:8; 2:32)
16
καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ τοῦτον ὃν θεωρεῖτε καὶ οἴδατε ἐστερέωσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ,content — tangled but emphatic — 'the name' frames the clause; ἐστερέωσεν echoes v. 7's ἐστερεώθησαν; internal relative kept in line
καὶ ἡ πίστις ἡ δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ τὴν ὁλοκληρίαν ταύτην ἀπέναντι πάντων ὑμῶν.content — ἡ πίστις ἡ δι᾽ αὐτοῦ — even the faith is Christ-given; ὁλοκληρία NT hapax, complete soundness
vv. 17–21 — the appeal: you acted in ignorance; repent, that the times of refreshing may come
17
καὶ νῦν, ἀδελφοί, οἶδαcontent — καὶ νῦν — the pivot from indictment to appeal; ἀδελφοί softens the address
ὅτι κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε,content — the ἄγνοια concession — not exculpatory but door-opening (cf. Luke 23:34; Acts 17:30)
ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν·comparative — elliptical — even the rulers share the ignorance (cf. 1 Cor 2:8)
18
ὁ δὲ θεὸς ἃ προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν παθεῖν τὸν χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπλήρωσεν οὕτως.content — the divine counterpoint — internal relative ἃ with epexegetic παθεῖν; the suffering Messiah, the scandal, was scripted
19
μετανοήσατε οὖνcontent — the οὖν of application — the sermon's demand (cf. 2:38)
καὶ ἐπιστρέψατεcontent — ἐπιστρέφω — conversion language, the prophets' 'return' (shuv)
εἰς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας,purpose — εἰς τό + infinitive — ἐξαλείφω, sins erased like writing (Ps 51:1, 9; Isa 43:25)
20
ὅπως ἂν ἔλθωσιν καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίουpurpose — ὅπως ἄν, classical — καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως NT hapax: present relief or eschatological respite, left open
καὶ ἀποστείλῃ τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν χριστόν, Ἰησοῦν,purpose — coordinate ὅπως clause — the sending contingent on Israel's repentance; προχειρίζομαι, appointed beforehand
21
ὃν δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντωνrelative — the heavenly session — δεῖ of divine necessity; ἀποκατάστασις NT hapax
ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος αὐτοῦ προφητῶν.relative — on πάντων (attracted ὧν) — the restoration is exactly what the prophets announced; 'mouth of the prophets' repeats v. 18
vv. 22–24 — the prophetic warrant: Moses' prophet, and all the prophets since Samuel
22
Μωϋσῆς μὲν εἶπεν ὅτιcontent — μέν answered by v. 24's δέ — Moses first, then all the prophets; recitative ὅτι
Προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν ὡς ἐμέ·content — Deut 18:15 — the prophet like Moses, applied to Jesus as the definitive eschatological Prophet; ἀναστήσει puns on the resurrection (v. 26)
αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε κατὰ πάνταcontent — Deut 18:15b — emphatic fronted αὐτοῦ: him you shall hear
ὅσα ἂν λαλήσῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς.relative — indefinite relative with ἄν — the prophet's whole word binding
23
ἔσται δὲ πᾶσα ψυχὴcontent — Deut 18:19 fused with Lev 23:29 — Semitic ἔσται-frame with pendent subject, resumed below
ἥτις ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνουrelative — ἥτις ἐάν (= ἄν) — indefinite; hearing the sole criterion
ἐξολεθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ.content — the pendent subject resumed — ἐξολεθρεύω, the ban-formula of Lev 23:29; to refuse this prophet is to leave Israel
24
καὶ πάντες δὲ οἱ προφῆται ἀπὸ Σαμουὴλ καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς,content — suspended subject — καὶ … δέ, 'and indeed'; Samuel heads the prophetic line (1 Sam 3:20)
ὅσοι ἐλάλησαν,relative — the sweep made total — no prophet outside this witness
καὶ κατήγγειλαν τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας.content — the predicate resumed, its καί anacoluthic — 'these days': the messianic now
vv. 25–26 — the sons of the covenant: blessed first, turned from wickedness
25
ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τῆς διαθήκηςcontent — emphatic ὑμεῖς — heirs of prophecy and covenant, therefore addressed first (v. 26 πρῶτον)
ἧς διέθετο ὁ θεὸς πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν,relative — on τῆς διαθήκης (attracted ἧς for ἥν) — διατίθεμαι διαθήκην, the covenant-making idiom
λέγων πρὸς Ἀβραάμ·participial — the citation-frame — the covenant given in its own words
Καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου εὐλογηθήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς.content — Gen 22:18; 26:4 — σπέρμα corporate and singular at once (cf. Gal 3:16); the blessing now being dispensed (v. 26)
26
ὑμῖν πρῶτον ἀναστήσας ὁ θεὸς τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦparticipial — preposed — leans on ἀπέστειλεν; ἀναστήσας echoes Deut 18:15's ἀναστήσει and the resurrection; παῖς closes the inclusio with v. 13
ἀπέστειλεν αὐτὸνcontent — the sermon's last main verb — the Servant sent to Israel first (13:46, 'to you first')
εὐλογοῦντα ὑμᾶςparticipial — telic participle — the Abrahamic blessing of v. 25 in act
ἐν τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν.phrase modifier — ἐν τῷ + infinitive of means — the blessing is conversion itself; ἕκαστον, one by one
Analysis. Acts 3 is a diptych, and the page shows it. The first half (vv. 1–10) reads like narrative should: flush-left purple main clauses, one event per line — they were going up, he began asking, Peter said, he raised him, he stood, walked, entered — with Luke's preposed participles (ἀτενίσας, πιάσας, ἐξαλλόμενος) leaning forward, anchor-less, on the verbs below them, and the two short speeches hanging blue under εἶπεν, the second carrying the chapter's hinge: ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει. The second half is one speech: after the genitive absolute of v. 11 and the frame ἀπεκρίνατο πρὸς τὸν λαόν (v. 12), fifteen verses of coordinate blue cnt lines share the single ἀπεκρίνατο anchor, and against that constant-depth column the sermon's own grammar indents — the you/God antitheses with their relatives (ὃν ὑμεῖς μὲν παρεδώκατε … ὃν ὁ θεὸς ἤγειρεν), the concessive genitive absolute κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν, the purpose chain of vv. 19–21 (εἰς τό + two ὅπως-ἄν clauses) hung on ἐπιστρέψατε, the Deut 18:15, 19 citation stepped under Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, and the Gen 22:18 covenant word four deep under λέγων. Cruxes taken or flagged: ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς is glossed 'Author of life' with the founder/pioneer/prince range noted; καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως (NT hapax) is left open between present relief and eschatological respite, though the ὅπως clauses are read as genuinely contingent on Israel's repentance; οὗ in v. 15 ('of which — or of whom — we are witnesses') is left ambiguous; ὧν (v. 21) and ἧς (v. 25) are marked as attracted relatives; and the two Semitic suspensions — v. 23's ἔσται … ἐξολεθρευθήσεται and v. 24's πάντες οἱ προφῆται … καὶ κατήγγειλαν with its anacoluthic καί — are laid out as the pendent constructions they are, dashed where the line hangs verbless.