Acts 21 — Clausal Layout (Greek)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

The voyage to Tyre — the Spirit's warning and the beach farewell 21:1–6

vv. 1–3 — the island-hopping run: Cos, Rhodes, Patara, the Phoenicia ship, Tyre

Ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο ἀναχθῆναι ἡμᾶς ἀποσπασθέντας ἀπ' αὐτῶν, εὐθυδρομήσαντες ἤλθομεν εἰς τὴν Κῶ,independent — the we-narrative resumes — temporal ὡς-frame and two participles (ἀποσπασθέντας, the wrench of parting; εὐθυδρομήσαντες, the fair-wind run) carried in one sweep to ἤλθομεν

τῇ δὲ ἑξῆς εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον,phrase modifier — elliptical itinerary entry — ἤλθομεν carried forward

κἀκεῖθεν εἰς Πάταρα.phrase modifier — third hop — Patara, the deep-sea transfer port of Lycia

καὶ εὑρόντες πλοῖον διαπερῶν εἰς Φοινίκηνparticipial — preposed — leans on ἀνήχθημεν; a cargo ship making the open-sea crossing

ἐπιβάντες ἀνήχθημεν.independent — find → board → sail: three actions compressed to one forward motion

ἀναφάναντες δὲ τὴν Κύπρον καὶ καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμονparticipial — preposed pair — leans on ἐπλέομεν; the port-side bearing is eyewitness seamanship

ἐπλέομεν εἰς Συρίαν,independent — progressive imperfect — the long run under way

καὶ κατήλθομεν εἰς Τύρον·independent — landfall — the aorist closes the leg

ἐκεῖσε γὰρ τὸ πλοῖον ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον τὸν γόμον.cause — γάρ — the stop is the ship's commercial itinerary, not Paul's plan; periphrastic ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον

vv. 4–6 — the seven days at Tyre: the Spirit-warning and the beach farewell

ἀνευρόντες δὲ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐπεμείναμεν αὐτοῦ ἡμέρας ἑπτά·independent — ἀνευρόντες — the community had to be searched out; a full week's stay

οἵτινες τῷ Παύλῳ ἔλεγον διὰ τοῦ πνεύματοςrelative — qualitative οἵτινες; iterative imperfect — the warning repeated through the week

μὴ ἐπιβαίνειν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα.content — the crux — the Spirit discloses the danger, the disciples draw the inference; Paul, 'bound in the Spirit' (20:22), goes anyway

ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο ἡμᾶς ἐξαρτίσαι τὰς ἡμέρας,comparative — temporal ὅτε with ἐγένετο + infinitive — leans on ἐπορευόμεθα

ἐξελθόντες ἐπορευόμεθα,independent — progressive imperfect — the journey resumes

προπεμπόντων ἡμᾶς πάντων σὺν γυναιξὶ καὶ τέκνοις ἕως ἔξω τῆς πόλεως,participial — genitive absolute — the whole congregation, families and all, walks them out

καὶ θέντες τὰ γόνατα ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν προσευξάμενοιparticipial — preposed pair — leans across the verse-break on ἀπησπασάμεθα; the kneeling echoes Miletus (20:36)

ἀπησπασάμεθα ἀλλήλουςindependent — reciprocal ἀλλήλους — both parties part

καὶ ἀνέβημεν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον,independent — the party boards

ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς τὰ ἴδια.independent — contrastive ἐκεῖνοι δέ — the scene closes symmetrically, εἰς τὰ ἴδια (cf. Jn 19:27)

Ptolemais and Caesarea — Philip, Agabus, and the will of the Lord 21:7–14

vv. 7–9 — Ptolemais, then Caesarea: Philip and his prophesying daughters

Ἡμεῖς δὲ τὸν πλοῦν διανύσαντες ἀπὸ Τύρου κατηντήσαμεν εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα,independent — emphatic Ἡμεῖς with the participle folded in — the sea-leg ends at Acco

καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἐμείναμεν; a church already there, unexplained

ἐμείναμεν ἡμέραν μίαν παρ' αὐτοῖς.independent — one day against Tyre's seven — the narrative presses toward Jerusalem

τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον ἐξελθόντες ἤλθομεν εἰς Καισάρειαν,independent — the last leg — overland or coasting to the Roman capital of the province

καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὸν οἶκον Φιλίππου τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦparticipial — preposed — leans on ἐμείναμεν; 'the evangelist' distinguishes him from the apostle

ὄντος ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰparticipial — identifying participle — the Seven of Acts 6; last seen arriving at Caesarea (8:40)

ἐμείναμεν παρ' αὐτῷ.independent — Philip's house the base for the days that follow

τούτῳ δὲ ἦσαν θυγατέρες τέσσαρες παρθένοι προφητεύουσαι.independent — parenthetical note — dative of possession; daughters prophesying per Joel 2:28 / Acts 2:17, recorded without a word quoted

vv. 10–11 — Agabus and the belt: the sign-act and its oracle

ἐπιμενόντων δὲ ἡμερῶν πλειόνωνparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on κατῆλθεν; the temporal backdrop

κατῆλθέν τις ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας προφήτης ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος.independent — Agabus returns — the famine-prophet of 11:28, down from the hill country

καὶ ἐλθὼν πρὸς ἡμᾶς καὶ ἄρας τὴν ζώνην τοῦ Παύλουparticipial — preposed pair — leans on εἶπεν; the prophet picks up his prop

δήσας ἑαυτοῦ τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖραςparticipial — the sign-act itself — OT prophetic theatre (Isa 20; Jer 13; Ezek 4–5); δήσας seeds the oracle's δήσουσιν

εἶπεν·independent — the speech-frame for the oracle

Τάδε λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον·content — τάδε λέγει — the LXX messenger formula ('thus says YHWH') with the Spirit as speaker

Τὸν ἄνδρα οὗ ἐστιν ἡ ζώνη αὕτη οὕτως δήσουσιν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοιcontent — fronted Τὸν ἄνδρα with its relative kept in line; οὕτως ties sign to fulfillment (v. 33: two chains)

καὶ παραδώσουσιν εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν.content — παραδίδωμι — the passion-prediction verb (Lk 9:44; 18:32); Paul's way now runs Jesus' way

vv. 12–14 — the weeping entreaty, Paul's readiness, the submission

ὡς δὲ ἠκούσαμεν ταῦτα,comparative — temporal ὡς — leans on παρεκαλοῦμεν

παρεκαλοῦμεν ἡμεῖς τε καὶ οἱ ἐντόπιοιindependent — iterative imperfect — even the narrator joins the pleading; οἱ ἐντόπιοι a NT hapax

τοῦ μὴ ἀναβαίνειν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ.content — articular τοῦ μή + infinitive — the content of the entreaty

τότε ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Παῦλος·independent — the resolve against the tears

Τί ποιεῖτεcontent — grieved rhetorical question, not rebuke

κλαίοντες καὶ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν;participial — συνθρύπτω — a NT hapax, 'shattering'; their tears assault his resolve

ἐγὼ γὰρ οὐ μόνον δεθῆναι ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἑτοίμως ἔχω ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ.content — οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί escalates δεθῆναι (accepting Agabus' word) to ἀποθανεῖν — suffering for the Name (9:16)

μὴ πειθομένου δὲ αὐτοῦparticipial — genitive absolute, causal — leans on ἡσυχάσαμεν; persuasion exhausted

ἡσυχάσαμενindependent — the silence is itself submission

εἰπόντες·participial — the last word given to the community

Τοῦ κυρίου τὸ θέλημα γινέσθω.content — the chapter's theological pivot — the Lord's Prayer and Gethsemane (Mt 6:10; Lk 22:42) in the church's mouth; fronted Τοῦ κυρίου

Jerusalem — James's counsel and the vow 21:15–26

vv. 15–17 — up to Jerusalem: Mnason's lodging, the glad welcome

Μετὰ δὲ τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας ἐπισκευασάμενοι ἀνεβαίνομεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα.independent — the ascent begins — ἐπισκευασάμενοι a NT hapax for packing up; progressive imperfect

συνῆλθον δὲ καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν ἀπὸ Καισαρείας σὺν ἡμῖν,independent — partitive τῶν μαθητῶν as subject — a Caesarean escort

ἄγοντες παρ' ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν,participial — compressed idiom — the relative's antecedent drawn into its own clause (= to Mnason, with whom …)

Μνάσωνί τινι Κυπρίῳ, ἀρχαίῳ μαθητῇ.phrase modifier — dative apposition unpacking ᾧ — a Cypriot like Barnabas; ἀρχαῖος μαθητής, a believer from the beginning

Γενομένων δὲ ἡμῶν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμαparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on ἀπεδέξαντο; the goal of the whole journey reached

ἀσμένως ἀπεδέξαντο ἡμᾶς οἱ ἀδελφοί.independent — ἀσμένως (NT hapax) — warmth first, before any rumor is named

vv. 18–20a — the report to James: God's deeds among the Gentiles

τῇ δὲ ἐπιούσῃ εἰσῄει ὁ Παῦλος σὺν ἡμῖν πρὸς Ἰάκωβον,independent — processional imperfect εἰσῄει — the formal call on the Lord's brother

πάντες τε παρεγένοντο οἱ πρεσβύτεροι.independent — a full leadership consultation; Peter unmentioned — James now presides

καὶ ἀσπασάμενος αὐτοὺςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἐξηγεῖτο

ἐξηγεῖτο καθ' ἓν ἕκαστονindependent — imperfect ἐξηγεῖτο — an extended, point-by-point report (cf. 14:27)

ὧν ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν διὰ τῆς διακονίας αὐτοῦ.relative — attracted ὧν — God the agent, Paul's διακονία the mere instrument

οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες ἐδόξαζον τὸν θεόν,independent — doxology first — the standard Acts response to mission news

εἶπόν τε αὐτῷ·independent — the speech-frame — the whole counsel of vv. 20b–25 hangs beneath this εἶπόν

vv. 20b–25 — the elders' counsel: the myriads, the rumor, the four men, the decree

Θεωρεῖς, ἀδελφέ,content — fraternal vocative — a shared problem, not an accusation

πόσαι μυριάδες εἰσὶν ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τῶν πεπιστευκότων,content — indirect question — μυριάδες, hyperbolic scale; perfect πεπιστευκότων, settled believers

καὶ πάντες ζηλωταὶ τοῦ νόμου ὑπάρχουσιν·content — coordinate content — Torah-zeal (objective genitive), not the political movement

κατηχήθησαν δὲ περὶ σοῦcontent — κατηχέω — a standing report drilled in, the rumor as received instruction

ὅτι ἀποστασίαν διδάσκεις ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως τοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη πάντας Ἰουδαίους,content — the charge — fronted ἀποστασίαν; Luke frames it as false inference from Paul's Gentile policy

λέγωνparticipial — the alleged manner of the teaching

μὴ περιτέμνειν αὐτοὺς τὰ τέκναcontent — first specification — the covenant sign abandoned

μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθεσιν περιπατεῖν.content — second specification — περιπατεῖν, the Semitic walk-metaphor for a whole way of life

τί οὖν ἐστιν;content — deliberative question — the pastoral dilemma posed

πάντως ἀκούσονταιcontent — emphatic πάντως — the news cannot be contained

ὅτι ἐλήλυθας.content — perfect ἐλήλυθας — Paul is here, a present fact

τοῦτο οὖν ποίησονcontent — the counsel proper — decisive aorist imperative

ὅ σοι λέγομεν·relative — the relative unpacking the anticipatory τοῦτο

εἰσὶν ἡμῖν ἄνδρες τέσσαρεςcontent — dative of possession — the plan's raw material

εὐχὴν ἔχοντες ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν.participial — the Nazirite idiom (Num 6; cf. 18:18) — a vow awaiting its costly completion

τούτους παραλαβὼνparticipial — preposed — leans on ἁγνίσθητι; Paul to sponsor them personally

ἁγνίσθητι σὺν αὐτοῖςcontent — first imperative — ritual purification alongside the four

καὶ δαπάνησον ἐπ' αὐτοῖςcontent — second imperative — funding the closing offerings, a recognized act of piety

ἵνα ξυρήσονται τὴν κεφαλήν,purpose — ἵνα with future indicative — the vow's public completion (Num 6:18)

καὶ γνώσονται πάντεςpurpose — the plan's real goal — public knowledge against the rumor

ὅτι ὧν κατήχηνται περὶ σοῦ οὐδέν ἐστιν,content — attracted ὧν again picking up κατηχήθησαν (v. 21) — the rumor has no substance

ἀλλὰ στοιχεῖς καὶ αὐτὸςcontent — στοιχέω — Paul's own conformity, not just his tolerance of others'

φυλάσσων τὸν νόμον.participial — manner participle — pastoral demonstration, not soteriology (cf. 1 Cor 9:20)

περὶ δὲ τῶν πεπιστευκότων ἐθνῶν ἡμεῖς ἐπεστείλαμενcontent — the reassurance — the decree of Acts 15 stands; nothing new is asked of Gentiles

κρίναντεςparticipial — the Council's formal decision (15:19–20)

φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς τό τε εἰδωλόθυτον καὶ αἷμα καὶ πνικτὸν καὶ πορνείαν.content — the four abstentions of 15:29 verbatim in substance — the table-fellowship charter

v. 26 — Paul complies

Τότε ὁ Παῦλος παραλαβὼν τοὺς ἄνδρας,participial — preposed — leans on εἰσῄει; immediate, unprotesting compliance

τῇ ἐχομένῃ ἡμέρᾳ σὺν αὐτοῖς ἁγνισθεὶςparticipial — the first imperative obeyed to the letter

εἰσῄει εἰς τὸ ἱερόν,independent — imperfect — repeated entries through the purification week; the setting of the coming riot

διαγγέλλων τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦparticipial — the official notification to the priests of the offering-date

ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου αὐτῶν ἡ προσφορά.comparative — temporal ἕως οὗ — the terminus: one offering per man (Num 6:14–15)

The temple riot and the arrest 21:27–36

vv. 27–29 — the seizure: the cry and the Trophimus misapprehension

Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον αἱ ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας Ἰουδαῖοι θεασάμενοι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ συνέχεον πάντα τὸν ὄχλονindependent — the ironic timing carried in one sweep — the act of law-keeping almost done when Ephesian opponents (cf. 20:19) sight him; inceptive imperfect συνέχεον

καὶ ἐπέβαλον ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖραςindependent — the arrest-idiom — mob seizure, not lawful custody

κράζοντες·participial — the manner of the seizure — clamor; everything shouted hangs beneath this participle

Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, βοηθεῖτε·content — the covenant-address weaponized (cf. 2:22) — a cry to defend the holy place

οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κατὰ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τοῦ τόπου τούτου πάντας πανταχῇ διδάσκων,content — charge one — people, law, temple: Stephen's indictment (6:13) returned on Paul; hyperbolic πάντας πανταχῇ

ἔτι τε καὶ Ἕλληνας εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸνcontent — charge two — past the soreg, a capital offense (the warning inscription survives); plural Ἕλληνας inflates one man

καὶ κεκοίνωκεν τὸν ἅγιον τόπον τοῦτον.content — perfect κεκοίνωκεν — a standing defilement alleged

ἦσαν γὰρ προεωρακότες Τρόφιμον τὸν Ἐφέσιον ἐν τῇ πόλει σὺν αὐτῷ,cause — narrator's γάρ-aside hung under the shout it unmasks — pluperfect periphrastic: the sighting was in the city, before and elsewhere

ὃν ἐνόμιζονrelative — ἐνόμιζον — assumption, not knowledge; the riot rests on an inference

ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν εἰσήγαγεν ὁ Παῦλος.content — proleptic ὃν … ὅτι — the false premise stated in full

vv. 30–32 — the city aroused, the dragging, the tribune's rescue

ἐκινήθη τε ἡ πόλις ὅληindependent — the riot escapes the temple courts

καὶ ἐγένετο συνδρομὴ τοῦ λαοῦ,independent — συνδρομή — the mob-surge, vivid and rare

καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενοι τοῦ Παύλουparticipial — preposed — leans on εἷλκον

εἷλκον αὐτὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἱεροῦ,independent — inceptive imperfect — sustained, forcible dragging

καὶ εὐθέως ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι.independent — the gates closed behind him — the precinct sealed against the violence, and the temple closed on Paul in Acts

Ζητούντων τε αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναιparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on ἀνέβη; lynching under way as the counter-plot starts

ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρηςindependent — φάσις (NT hapax) — intelligence climbs to the Antonia, literally above the courts

ὅτι ὅλη συγχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ,content — retained present συγχύννεται — the report quoted live

ὃς ἐξαυτῆς παραλαβὼν στρατιώτας καὶ ἑκατοντάρχας κατέδραμεν ἐπ' αὐτούς·relative — continuative relative carrying the mainline — ἐξαυτῆς, military immediacy; plural centurions = a large detachment

οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες τὸν χιλίαρχον καὶ τοὺς στρατιώταςparticipial — preposed causal — leans on ἐπαύσαντο; the sight of Rome stops the blows

ἐπαύσαντοindependent — the turning point of the rescue

τύπτοντες τὸν Παῦλον.participial — supplementary participle with παύομαι — the beating had been continuous

vv. 33–36 — two chains, the confused shouts, Αἶρε αὐτόν

τότε ἐγγίσας ὁ χιλίαρχοςparticipial — preposed — leans on ἐπελάβετο

ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦindependent — the same verb as the mob's seizure (v. 30) — custody transfers from crowd to Rome

καὶ ἐκέλευσενindependent — formal military command

δεθῆναι ἁλύσεσι δυσί,content — Agabus fulfilled to the letter (v. 11 δήσουσιν) — a soldier on each wrist

καὶ ἐπυνθάνετοindependent — iterative imperfect — questioning bystander after bystander

τίς εἴηcontent — indirect question with oblique optative — Luke's literary register

καὶ τί ἐστιν πεποιηκώς.content — perfect periphrastic — what standing offense is alleged

ἄλλοι δὲ ἄλλο τι ἐβόων ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ·independent — ἄλλοι ἄλλο — the same cacophony as the Artemis riot (19:32): a mob that cannot state its own charge

μὴ δυνάμενος δὲ γνῶναι τὸ ἀσφαλὲς διὰ τὸν θόρυβονparticipial — preposed causal — leans on ἐκέλευσεν; τὸ ἀσφαλές, the tribune's recurring quest (22:30; 25:26)

ἐκέλευσενindependent — authority substitutes for inquiry

ἄγεσθαι αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν.content — the Antonia — Paul's custody begins; he will not walk free again in Acts

ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς,comparative — temporal ὅτε — the stairs up into the fortress, the platform of v. 40

συνέβη βαστάζεσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν διὰ τὴν βίαν τοῦ ὄχλου·independent — συνέβη + infinitive — the press so lethal the soldiers lift him bodily

ἠκολούθει γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦcause — γάρ grounding the βία — the imperfect pictures the mob pressing behind

κράζοντες·participial — constructio ad sensum — plural participle for the collective πλῆθος

Αἶρε αὐτόν.content — the passion-echo — the crowd's cry against Jesus before Pilate (Lk 23:18; Jn 19:15)

On the stairs — the request to speak and the great hush 21:37–40

vv. 37–38 — the Greek surprise and the Egyptian mistake

Μέλλων τε εἰσάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν ὁ Παῦλος λέγει τῷ χιλιάρχῳ·independent — historic present λέγει at the threshold — the temporal Μέλλων-phrase folded in; Paul seizes the moment

Εἰ ἔξεστίν μοι εἰπεῖν τί πρὸς σέ;content — polite εἰ-question of permission (cf. 22:25) — and it is asked in Greek

ὁ δὲ ἔφη·independent — the tribune's double-take

Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις;content — the linguistic surprise — educated Greek from the supposed insurgent

οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιοςcontent — the mistaken identity — inferential ἄρα: the tribune's working theory named aloud

ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀναστατώσαςparticipial — the failed messianic rising under Felix (Josephus, J.W. 2.261–263; Ant. 20.169–172)

καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων;participial — σικάριοι — the dagger-men; Acts' four thousand against Josephus' thirty thousand

vv. 39–40 — Ταρσεύς of no insignificant city; the hush on the stairs

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Παῦλος·independent — the correction, calmly given

Ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος μέν εἰμι Ἰουδαῖος, Ταρσεὺς τῆς Κιλικίας,content — emphatic Ἐγώ with solitary μέν — Jew, not Egyptian; Ταρσεύς, the provincial capital

οὐκ ἀσήμου πόλεως πολίτης·phrase modifier — the litotes — οὐκ ἀσήμου, understated civic pride; πολίτης, a man of standing, not a vagrant

δέομαι δέ σου,content — the petition — urgent but courteous

ἐπίτρεψόν μοι λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαόν.content — the hinge to the defense speech — the prisoner asks for the crowd that wanted him dead

ἐπιτρέψαντος δὲ αὐτοῦparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on κατέσεισε; the arrested man is granted the platform

ὁ Παῦλος ἑστὼς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν κατέσεισε τῇ χειρὶ τῷ λαῷ·independent — ἑστώς on the stairs above the crowd — the orator's hand-wave for silence (12:17; 13:16)

πολλῆς δὲ σιγῆς γενομένηςparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on προσεφώνησεν; the mob that howled Αἶρε αὐτόν goes still

προσεφώνησεν τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳindependent — Ἑβραΐς here Aramaic, the vernacular — the choice that will deepen the hush (22:2)

λέγων·participial — the chapter ends suspended on λέγων: the defense speech of ch. 22 begins here

Analysis. The we-narrative sails this whole chapter, and the layout shows it as a flush-left column of first-person-plural itinerary aorists — ἤλθομεν, ἀνήχθημεν, κατήλθομεν, κατηντήσαμεν, ἀνεβαίνομεν — each verse loading its clause with forward-leaning aorist participles and genitive absolutes (εὑρόντες, ἀναφάναντες, ἐπιμενόντων ἡμερῶν, μὴ πειθομένου αὐτοῦ, πολλῆς σιγῆς γενομένης) before the verb strikes: Luke's travel-diary rhythm made visible. Against that column the speeches hang blue: Agabus' oracle steps down twice — εἶπεν, then the messenger-formula Τάδε λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, then the two futures δήσουσιν/παραδώσουσιν that vv. 33 and 11 bind together — and James's whole counsel (vv. 20b–25) hangs at one indent under εἶπόν, so the myriads-report, the rumor, the four-men plan with its ἵνα-chain, and the as-for-the-Gentiles decree read as a single sustained address. Cruxes the layout takes a side on: διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος in v. 4 is kept as the content of the disciples' ἔλεγον — a prophetic disclosure Paul may weigh, not a veto he defies (so 20:22 and the τοῦ κυρίου τὸ θέλημα γινέσθω of v. 14, Gethsemane's own grammar, stand uncontradicted); the narrator's γάρ-aside of v. 29 is hung directly under the rioters' κράζοντες to show it unmasking their Trophimus charge as inference (ἐνόμιζον) the moment it is shouted; Αἶρε αὐτόν in v. 36 is tagged as the passion-echo it is (Lk 23:18); and the temporal ὡς/ὅτε/ἕως clauses are typed cmp and named temporal in their tags. The historic present λέγει lands at v. 37 just as Paul turns on the stairs, and the chapter ends suspended on λέγων — the hush holding for the defense speech of ch. 22.