independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
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The call to press on to maturity 6:1–3
1
Διὸ ἀφέντες τὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον ἐπὶ τὴν τελειότητα φερώμεθα,independent — the inference from 5:11–14 — hortatory φερώμεθα, passive: 'let us be borne onward'
μὴ πάλιν θεμέλιον καταβαλλόμενοιparticipial — manner — the foundation is laid once, not relaid
μετανοίας ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργωνphrase modifier — the catalogue opens — first of six genitives of apposition
καὶ πίστεως ἐπὶ θεόν,phrase modifier — the godward pair — repentance from, faith toward
2
βαπτισμῶν διδαχῆςphrase modifier — asyndeton — βαπτισμοί plural: washings distinguished; some take διδαχῆς as governing
ἐπιθέσεώς τε χειρῶν,phrase modifier — the rites pair — τε binds it to the washings
ἀναστάσεώς τε νεκρῶνphrase modifier — the last-things pair opens
καὶ κρίματος αἰωνίου.phrase modifier — the sixth item — the catalogue's eschatological close
3
καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσομεν,independent — the resolve — future ποιήσομεν followed (v.l. hortatory ποιήσωμεν)
ἐάνπερ ἐπιτρέπῃ ὁ θεός.conditional — ἐάνπερ — a backward proviso: all advance under God's leave
The impossibility of renewal — and the two soils 6:4–8
vv. 4–6 — the impossibility period: Ἀδύνατον suspended over five participles
4
Ἀδύνατον γὰρindependent — the predicate fronted and suspended — its subject-infinitive waits until v. 6
τοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας,participial — first of five substantival participles — object of the delayed infinitive
γευσαμένους τε τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίουparticipial — second privilege — real experience, not a sip (cf. 2:9)
καὶ μετόχους γενηθέντας πνεύματος ἁγίουparticipial — third privilege — μέτοχοι, a Hebrews word (3:1, 14)
5
καὶ καλὸν γευσαμένους θεοῦ ῥῆμα δυνάμεις τε μέλλοντος αἰῶνος,participial — the second tasting — word and miracles, the future age already sampled
6
καὶ παραπεσόντας,participial — the hinge — a fifth coordinate participle, level with the privileges, not a conditional
πάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν,content — the long-delayed infinitive completing Ἀδύνατον (v. 4) — the period's keystone
ἀνασταυροῦντας ἑαυτοῖς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦparticipial — causal — the present tense gives the ground of the impossibility
καὶ παραδειγματίζοντας.participial — coordinate causal — the Son exhibited to open contempt
vv. 7–8 — the simile of the land: one rain, two yields
7
γῆ γὰρ ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν ἐπ' αὐτῆς ἐρχόμενον πολλάκις ὑετὸνindependent — the parable grounds the warning — the subject suspended until μεταλαμβάνει
καὶ τίκτουσα βοτάνην εὔθετον ἐκείνοιςparticipial — the second attributive participle — the fruitful response
δι' οὓς καὶ γεωργεῖται,relative — the owners' claim — cultivation implies expected yield
μεταλαμβάνει εὐλογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ·independent — the delayed predicate of γῆ above — gnomic present
8
ἐκφέρουσα δὲ ἀκάνθας καὶ τριβόλουςconditional — conditional participle — leans forward on the verdict below
ἀδόκιμος καὶ κατάρας ἐγγύς,independent — verbless verdict — 'near' leaves a sliver of mercy
ἧς τὸ τέλος εἰς καῦσιν.relative — on κατάρας — the somber close: the field fired (cf. Gen 3:18)
Better things — confidence and diligence 6:9–12
9
Πεπείσμεθα δὲ περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀγαπητοί, τὰ κρείσσονα καὶ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας,independent — the turn of tone — intensive perfect; the only ἀγαπητοί in Hebrews
εἰ καὶ οὕτως λαλοῦμεν.conditional — concessive εἰ καί — the sternness conceded, not retracted
10
οὐ γὰρ ἄδικος ὁ θεὸςcause — the ground of the confidence — litotes: he surely remembers
ἐπιλαθέσθαι τοῦ ἔργου ὑμῶν καὶ τῆς ἀγάπηςcontent — epexegetic infinitive — 'not so unjust as to forget'
ἧς ἐνεδείξασθε εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ,relative — ἧς attracted to the case of its antecedent ἀγάπης
διακονήσαντες τοῖς ἁγίοις καὶ διακονοῦντες.participial — means — aorist and present paired: past and continuing service
11
ἐπιθυμοῦμεν δὲindependent — from commendation to yearning
ἕκαστον ὑμῶν τὴν αὐτὴν ἐνδείκνυσθαι σπουδὴν πρὸς τὴν πληροφορίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος ἄχρι τέλους,content — acc. + inf. — ἕκαστον singles out every member; the same σπουδή as v. 10's love
12
ἵνα μὴ νωθροὶ γένησθε,purpose — νωθροί picks up 5:11 — the relapse to be avoided
μιμηταὶ δὲ τῶν διὰ πίστεως καὶ μακροθυμίας κληρονομούντων τὰς ἐπαγγελίας.purpose — the positive limb — γένησθε supplied; faith-and-patience introduces Abraham
God's oath to Abraham 6:13–18
vv. 13–15 — the oath sworn and the promise obtained
13
Τῷ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐπαγγειλάμενος ὁ θεός,independent — suspended — subject and temporal participle await ὤμοσεν below
ἐπεὶ κατ' οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι,cause — ἐπεί — the reason for the self-oath; grounds ὤμοσεν below
ὤμοσεν καθ' ἑαυτοῦ,independent — the resolution — Gen 22:16, 'By myself I have sworn'
14
λέγων·participial — the citation formula — one word carries the oath
Εἰ μὴν εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω σεcontent — Gen 22:17 (LXX) — εἰ μήν the oath formula; cognate participle for the Hebrew infinitive absolute
καὶ πληθύνων πληθυνῶ σε·content — Gen 22:17 — the second doubled pledge
15
καὶ οὕτως μακροθυμήσας ἐπέτυχεν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας.independent — the pattern proved — μακροθυμήσας echoes v. 12's μακροθυμία
vv. 16–18 — from human oaths to the two unchangeable things
16
ἄνθρωποι γὰρ κατὰ τοῦ μείζονος ὀμνύουσιν,independent — the general principle — gnomic present; grounds the a fortiori of v. 17
καὶ πάσης αὐτοῖς ἀντιλογίας πέρας εἰς βεβαίωσιν ὁ ὅρκος·independent — verbless — the oath the final word in court
17
ἐν ᾧ περισσότερον βουλόμενος ὁ θεὸςindependent — ἐν ᾧ — 'in which practice'; the subject suspended until ἐμεσίτευσεν
ἐπιδεῖξαι τοῖς κληρονόμοις τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἀμετάθετον τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦcontent — complementary infinitive — the oath's pastoral aim
ἐμεσίτευσεν ὅρκῳ,independent — μεσιτεύω (NT hapax) — God went surety for his own word
18
ἵνα διὰ δύο πραγμάτων ἀμεταθέτων,purpose — the purpose — the promise (v. 13) and the oath (v. 17)
ἐν οἷς ἀδύνατον ψεύσασθαι θεόν,relative — the chapter's second 'impossible' (cf. v. 4) — this one all comfort
ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχωμεν οἱ καταφυγόντεςpurpose — the ἵνα clause resumed — believers pictured as refugees
κρατῆσαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος·purpose — purpose infinitive of the flight — lay firm hold of the hope
The anchor within the veil 6:19–20
19
ἣν ὡς ἄγκυραν ἔχομεν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσφαλῆ τε καὶ βεβαίανindependent — connective relative — ἥν resumes τῆς ἐλπίδος (v. 18); functionally a fresh sentence
καὶ εἰσερχομένην εἰς τὸ ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος,participial — the reversal — an anchor that holds not downward but within the veil
20
ὅπου πρόδρομος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εἰσῆλθεν Ἰησοῦς,relative — ὅπου — πρόδρομος (NT hapax): he enters so that others may follow
κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἀρχιερεὺς γενόμενος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.participial — Ps 110:4 resumed (5:10) — the bridge into ch. 7
Analysis. Hebrews 6 shows its architecture in two suspended sentences, and the layout makes both hang visibly. In vv. 1–3 the one hortatory main line (Διὸ ἀφέντες … φερώμεθα) carries the negated participle μὴ πάλιν θεμέλιον καταβαλλόμενοι, and under θεμέλιον the six-item foundation catalogue descends as a column of verbless genitives — a catechism in outline (διδαχῆς is rendered as 'teaching about baptisms', though the column keeps the six items level and lets the construal stay open). In vv. 4–6 the fronted predicate Ἀδύνατον γάρ stands alone on a dashed line while five aorist participles stack beneath it at a single depth — enlightened, tasted, became partakers, tasted again, and fell away — before the long-delayed infinitive πάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν at last completes it; the two present participles then hang from the infinitive as its ground. The layout thereby takes a side on the chapter's great crux: παραπεσόντας sits level with its four fellows, a fifth coordinate description of the same people, not a conditional protasis ('if they fall away') — the apostasy is narrated in the same breath as the privileges, which is precisely its sting; ἀνασταυροῦντας and παραδειγματίζοντας are read as causal, and Ἀδύνατον keeps its full absolute scope, with no softening 'impossible for man' supplied. The γῆ-simile (vv. 7–8) replays the warning at ground level, its thorn-bearing participle leaning forward, protasis-like, on the verbless verdict ἀδόκιμος καὶ κατάρας ἐγγύς. The consolation (vv. 9–12) and the oath argument (vv. 13–18) mirror the warning's shape: twice more a subject hangs over its distant verb (ἐπαγγειλάμενος ὁ θεός … ὤμοσεν; βουλόμενος ὁ θεὸς … ἐμεσίτευσεν), the Gen 22:17 oath descends as a two-line citation under the single word λέγων, and the ἵνα of v. 18 steps down to the refugees seizing the hope set before them. The close (vv. 19–20) picks that hope up with a connective relative (ἥν — functionally a fresh sentence, since its antecedent stands in the previous section) and follows it line by line through the veil to the forerunner Ἰησοῦς and the order of Μελχισέδεκ. Verse 3 follows the future ποιήσομεν ('we will do'), as the data file's text does, rather than the hortatory variant.