Luke 22 — Clausal Layout (Greek)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

The plot and Judas's bargain 22:1–6

vv. 1–2 — Passover nears; the hunt is on

Ἤγγιζεν δὲ ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν ἀζύμων ἡ λεγομένη πάσχα.independent — durative imperfect — the passion clock starts; Luke fuses feast and Passover in one name

καὶ ἐζήτουν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖςindependent — conative imperfect — the ongoing hunt (cf. 19:47)

τὸ πῶς ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν,content — articular indirect question — Luke's τό wraps the deliberation like a dossier; ἀναιρέω, his verb for judicial killing

ἐφοβοῦντο γὰρ τὸν λαόν.cause — the γάρ-aside — the sympathetic λαός is their check (19:48; 20:19)

vv. 3–6 — Satan enters Judas

Εἰσῆλθεν δὲ σατανᾶς εἰς Ἰούδαν τὸν καλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην,independent — the adversary returns 'until an opportune time' (4:13) — Luke alone names the demonic cause

ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα·participial — the wound named — treachery from inside the ἀριθμός

καὶ ἀπελθὼνparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on συνελάλησεν

συνελάλησεν τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ στρατηγοῖςindependent — στρατηγοί — Luke adds the temple captains, the men who will make the arrest (v. 52)

τὸ πῶς αὐτοῖς παραδῷ αὐτόν.content — the same articular τὸ πῶς as v. 2 — Judas's question is the priests' question

καὶ ἐχάρησανindependent — their grim delight — the plot's missing piece supplied

καὶ συνέθεντο αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι.independent — συνέθεντο — a covenant struck; the money unnumbered in Luke

καὶ ἐξωμολόγησεν,independent — ἐξωμολόγησεν — elsewhere 'confess/praise'; here the bitter sense: he gave his word

καὶ ἐζήτει εὐκαιρίαν τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν ἄτερ ὄχλου αὐτοῖς.independent — ἐζήτει answers ἐζήτουν (v. 2) — hunter and hireling share a verb; ἄτερ ὄχλου, the stealth clause

The Passover prepared — the water-jar sign 22:7–13

vv. 7–9 — the day comes; Peter and John are sent

Ἦλθεν δὲ ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν ἀζύμων,independent — the appointed day arrives — 14 Nisan

[ἐν] ᾗ ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ πάσχα·relative — ἔδει — Luke's verb of divine necessity, here of the lamb; the bracketed ἐν kept as the data prints it

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννηνindependent — Luke alone names the two — the pair of Acts 3–4 already paired

εἰπών·participial — the speech-frame

πορευθέντες ἑτοιμάσατε ἡμῖν τὸ πάσχαcontent — attendant-circumstance πορευθέντες folded into the command

ἵνα φάγωμεν.purpose — φάγωμεν, plural — his meal with them (contrast Mark's φάγῃς)

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ·independent — the practical question back

ποῦ θέλεις ἑτοιμάσωμεν;content — deliberative subjunctive folded under θέλεις

vv. 10–13 — the man with the water jar, and the found-as-he-said refrain

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the instructions begin

ἰδοὺ εἰσελθόντων ὑμῶν εἰς τὴν πόλιν συναντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων·content — the sign — a man at women's work, conspicuous by design; the genitive absolute kept in line

ἀκολουθήσατε αὐτῷ εἰς τὴν οἰκίανcontent — the command

εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύεται,relative — the preposition repeated inside the relative — Luke's careful εἰς ἥν

καὶ ἐρεῖτε τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ τῆς οἰκίας·content — imperatival future ἐρεῖτε

λέγει σοι ὁ διδάσκαλος·content — the message-within-the-message — speech nests a level deeper

ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμαcontent — κατάλυμα — the word of 2:7: the lodging denied at his birth is granted before his death

ὅπου τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω;relative — deliberative subjunctive in the relative — the meal with his own

κἀκεῖνος ὑμῖν δείξει ἀνάγαιον μέγα ἐστρωμένον·content — back at the outer speech — the ἀνάγαιον already spread with couches

ἐκεῖ ἑτοιμάσατε.content — the closing command

ἀπελθόντες δὲparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on εὗρον

εὗρονindependent — the bare verb of fulfillment

καθὼς εἰρήκει αὐτοῖςcomparative — pluperfect εἰρήκει — the found-as-he-said refrain (19:32); foreknowledge on display

καὶ ἡτοίμασαν τὸ πάσχα.independent — the preparation closed

The supper — the eschatological cup, the bread, the cup after supper 22:14–20

vv. 14–18 — the longed-for Passover and the first cup

Καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡ ὥρα,conditional — temporal ὅτε (typed cnd; no temporal key) — ἡ ὥρα, Luke's loaded word; leans on ἀνέπεσεν

ἀνέπεσεν καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι σὺν αὐτῷ.independent — ἀπόστολοι — Luke's title for the Twelve at this table

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — the meal opens with speech

ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθ' ὑμῶνcontent — ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα — Semitic cognate dative, 'with desire I desired'

πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν·phrase modifier — πρὸ τοῦ + infinitive — παθεῖν absolute: 'the suffering' needs no object (24:26; Acts 1:3)

λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖνcause — the γάρ-ground of the longing — this is the last one

ὅτι οὐ μὴ φάγω αὐτὸcontent — οὐ μή + subjunctive — the strongest denial; the fast begins

ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.conditional — temporal ἕως ὅτου (typed cnd) — πληρωθῇ: Passover itself awaits fulfillment at the kingdom's banquet

καὶ δεξάμενος ποτήριονparticipial — the FIRST cup — Luke's distinctive order; δεξάμενος, received (from the table), not λαβών

εὐχαριστήσαςparticipial — the berakah over the cup — leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν·independent — the word over the first cup

λάβετε τοῦτοcontent — the imperative of reception

καὶ διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς·content — διαμερίσατε — he shares the cup around but will not drink it

λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν,cause — the second γάρ-vow, matching v. 16 — cup answering meal

[ὅτι] οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλουcontent — ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν — Luke's hinge-phrase; the bracketed ὅτι kept as the data prints it

ἕως οὗ ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἔλθῃ.conditional — temporal ἕως οὗ (typed cnd) — the abstention holds until the kingdom's arrival

vv. 19–20 — the bread and the cup after supper: the longer text

καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτονparticipial — preposed participle — the supper verbs begin; leans on ἔκλασεν

εὐχαριστήσαςparticipial — εὐχαριστήσας — whence 'Eucharist'

ἔκλασενindependent — the breaking — the act by which he will be known at Emmaus (24:35)

καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖςindependent — the giving

λέγων·participial — the speech-frame for the bread-word

τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον·content — vv. 19b–20 = the 'longer text,' printed here (om. D it) — τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον, the substitutionary ὑπέρ

τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.content — εἰς ἀνάμνησιν — the memorial command, shared with 1 Cor 11:24–25 alone

καὶ τὸ ποτήριον ὡσαύτως μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι,independent — elliptical — the verbs of v. 19 supplied; the SECOND cup, μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, the cup of blessing after the meal

λέγων·participial — on the elided verb of giving — anchored on the cup itself

τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον.content — verbless — Jer 31:31's καινὴ διαθήκη named outright; nominative τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον agrees with the cup, not the dative blood — a famous grammatical wrinkle

The table discourse — betrayer, greatness, thrones, sifting, swords 22:21–38

vv. 21–23 — the betrayer's hand on the table

πλὴν ἰδοὺ ἡ χεὶρ τοῦ παραδιδόντος με μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης.independent — verbless ἰδού-clause — in Luke the betrayer is unmasked AFTER the cup; the same table serves covenant and treachery

ὅτι ὁ υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον πορεύεται,cause — κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον — Luke's word of divine decree (Acts 2:23); πορεύεται, the willed departure

πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳcause — the balancing πλήν — divine plan cancels no guilt; verbless woe

δι' οὗ παραδίδοται.relative — δι' οὗ — the human agency inside the divine passive

καὶ αὐτοὶ ἤρξαντο συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺςindependent — the round of self-suspicion — no one is sure of himself

τὸ τίς ἄρα εἴη ἐξ αὐτῶν ὁ τοῦτο μέλλων πράσσειν.content — articular indirect question with optative εἴη — Luke's literary mood of remote possibility

vv. 24–27 — greatness inverted: I am among you as the one who serves

Ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ φιλονεικία ἐν αὐτοῖς,independent — φιλονεικία — love of victory; rank quarreled over at the passion table

τὸ τίς αὐτῶν δοκεῖ εἶναι μείζων.content — the same articular τό + indirect question as v. 23 — from 'who betrays?' to 'who is greatest?' in one verse

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the answer — one εἶπεν carries the discourse to v. 32

οἱ βασιλεῖς τῶν ἐθνῶν κυριεύουσιν αὐτῶνcontent — the Gentile model — κυριεύουσιν, gnomic

καὶ οἱ ἐξουσιάζοντες αὐτῶν εὐεργέται καλοῦνται.content — εὐεργέται — the Hellenistic honorific (Ptolemy Euergetes); power buying its own praise

ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως,content — verbless veto — the fronted ὑμεῖς against the whole system

ἀλλ' ὁ μείζων ἐν ὑμῖν γινέσθω ὡς ὁ νεώτεροςcontent — γινέσθω — greatness re-defined as becoming; ὁ νεώτερος, the one who waits on the rest

καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενος ὡς ὁ διακονῶν.content — elliptical — γινέσθω supplied; ὁ διακονῶν, the discourse's keyword

τίς γὰρ μείζων, ὁ ἀνακείμενος ἢ ὁ διακονῶν;content — verbless rhetorical question — the world's answer assumed

οὐχὶ ὁ ἀνακείμενος;content — οὐχί expects 'yes' — the honor calculus granted, then overturned

ἐγὼ δὲ ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν εἰμι ὡς ὁ διακονῶν.content — ἐγὼ δέ — the Master at this very meal takes the servant's place (cf. 12:37; John 13)

vv. 28–30 — the covenanted kingdom and the twelve thrones

ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε οἱ διαμεμενηκότες μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς μου·content — perfect διαμεμενηκότες — the commendation before the collapse; his ministry read as πειρασμοί

κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖνcontent — διατίθεμαι — the covenant-verb (cognate with διαθήκη, v. 20): a kingdom assigned by testament

καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ πατήρ μουcomparative — the chain of bestowal — Father to Son to the Twelve

βασιλείαν,phrase modifier — the delayed object — βασιλείαν held back past the καθώς-clause, landing with full weight

ἵνα ἔσθητε καὶ πίνητε ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης μου ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ μου,purpose — the table of vv. 16, 18 promised back to them — ἡ τράπεζά μου answers the betrayer's τράπεζα of v. 21

καὶ καθήσεσθε ἐπὶ θρόνων τὰς δώδεκα φυλὰς κρίνοντες τοῦ Ἰσραήλ.content — the mood shifts to future indicative — the thrones are flat prediction, not mere purpose (cf. Matt 19:28)

vv. 31–34 — Simon, Simon: the sifting, the prayer, the cock-crow

Σίμων Σίμων,phrase modifier — the doubled vocative of urgency (cf. 10:41 Martha, Martha) — and the pre-discipleship name

ἰδοὺ ὁ σατανᾶς ἐξῃτήσατο ὑμᾶς τοῦ σινιάσαι ὡς τὸν σῖτον·content — ἐξῃτήσατο — 'obtained by asking' (a Job 1 audience implied); ὑμᾶς plural — all twelve are in the sieve; σινιάσαι, NT hapax

ἐγὼ δὲ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦcontent — ἐγὼ δέ against ὁ σατανᾶς — and σοῦ singular: the intercession narrows to Peter

ἵνα μὴ ἐκλίπῃ ἡ πίστις σου·purpose — ἐκλίπῃ — give out utterly; the prayer concedes the fall but not the ruin

καὶ σύ ποτε ἐπιστρέψας στήρισον τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου.content — ἐπιστρέψας — the denial is assumed and the restoration commissioned in one breath (Acts 1–2 in seed)

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ·independent — the protest

κύριε, μετὰ σοῦ ἕτοιμός εἰμι καὶ εἰς φυλακὴν καὶ εἰς θάνατον πορεύεσθαι.content — καὶ...καί — prison and death both vowed; both will come true later (Acts 12), not tonight

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν·independent — the counter-prediction

λέγω σοι, Πέτρε,content — Πέτρε — the only time in the Gospels Jesus addresses him by the name 'Rock,' precisely here

οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρcontent — σήμερον — the day already begun at sundown; the clock is short

ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι.conditional — temporal ἕως (typed cnd) — ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι: not desertion but disowning acquaintance; fulfilled to the letter at v. 57

vv. 35–38 — purse, bag, and sword: Isa 53 closing in

Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the mission remembered

ὅτε ἀπέστειλα ὑμᾶς ἄτερ βαλλαντίου καὶ πήρας καὶ ὑποδημάτων,conditional — temporal ὅτε (typed cnd) — the sending of 9:3 and 10:4 recalled; leans on ὑστερήσατε

μή τινος ὑστερήσατε;content — μή expects 'no' — provision under welcome, then

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the assent

οὐθενός.content — one-word answer — the old economy of hospitality confirmed

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς·independent — the new orders

ἀλλὰ νῦν ὁ ἔχων βαλλάντιον ἀράτω, ὁμοίως καὶ πήραν,content — ἀλλὰ νῦν — the hinge: welcome is over, hostility begins

καὶ ὁ μὴ ἔχων πωλησάτω τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦcontent — the cloak — a man's last possession (Exod 22:26) — traded away

καὶ ἀγορασάτω μάχαιραν.content — the sword-word — read here as grim figure for the coming crisis, not a call to arms (vv. 38, 51 disarm it)

λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖνcause — the γάρ-ground of the new orders

ὅτι τοῦτο τὸ γεγραμμένον δεῖ τελεσθῆναι ἐν ἐμοί,content — δεῖ — Luke's divine necessity; τελεσθῆναι, brought to its τέλος

τὸ καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη·content — Isa 53:12 LXX — the Servant among the lawless; the article τό holds the quotation up like an exhibit

καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει.cause — τέλος ἔχει — the double sense: reaches its goal / comes to its end; the wordplay with τελεσθῆναι kept

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the literal-minded reply

κύριε, ἰδοὺ μάχαιραι ὧδε δύο.content — verbless — two blades produced at the Passover table; the misunderstanding complete

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the discourse closed

ἱκανόν ἐστιν.content — ἱκανόν ἐστιν — the crux: 'enough of this!' (breaking off), hardly 'two will suffice'; the tag keeps both readings

The Mount of Olives — not my will but yours 22:39–46

vv. 39–42 — the customary place, the kneeling prayer

Καὶ ἐξελθὼνparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἐπορεύθη

ἐπορεύθη κατὰ τὸ ἔθος εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν,independent — κατὰ τὸ ἔθος (21:37) — the nightly habit is how Judas knows where to find him; Luke names no Gethsemane

ἠκολούθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ μαθηταί.independent — ἠκολούθησαν — still the discipleship verb, for a few hours more

γενόμενος δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπουparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the charge to all — Luke has no inner three here

προσεύχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμόν.content — πειρασμός — the Lord's-Prayer petition (11:4) made urgent; the scene's inclusio (v. 46)

καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπεσπάσθη ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λίθου βολήν,independent — ἀπεσπάσθη — 'was torn away'; ὡσεὶ λίθου βολήν, near enough to be seen and heard

καὶ θεὶς τὰ γόναταparticipial — θεὶς τὰ γόνατα — kneeling, not Mark's prostration; the posture of Acts (7:60; 9:40; 20:36); leans on προσηύχετο

προσηύχετοindependent — durative imperfect — the praying goes on

λέγων·participial — the words themselves quoted

πάτερ,phrase modifier — the bare vocative — Luke's Jesus prays πάτερ at every turn (10:21; 23:34, 46)

εἰ βούλειconditional — first-class protasis — the possibility left with the Father; leans on παρένεγκε

παρένεγκε τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἀπ' ἐμοῦ·content — the cup — the OT cup of wrath (Isa 51:17); the third ποτήριον of the night after vv. 17, 20

πλὴν μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γινέσθω.content — πλήν — the surrender; γινέσθω echoes the Lord's Prayer's γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου

vv. 43–44 — [[the angel and the bloody sweat]] — the disputed agony

[[ὤφθη δὲ αὐτῷ ἄγγελος ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ ἐνισχύων αὐτόν.independent — TEXT: vv. 43–44 stand in double brackets — absent from P75 ℵ¹ B A W, present in ℵ* D L and the versions; printed as the data prints them. ὤφθη — the angel of the wilderness (4:10–11) comes at last

καὶ γενόμενος ἐν ἀγωνίᾳparticipial — ἀγωνία — NT hapax: the athlete's shuddering before the contest; leans on προσηύχετο

ἐκτενέστερον προσηύχετο·independent — ἐκτενέστερον — the comparative: strengthened, he prays harder, not easier

καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ ἱδρὼς αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ θρόμβοι αἵματος καταβαίνοντες ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν.]]independent — ὡσεί — a simile, not a diagnosis: sweat LIKE blood-drops; ἱδρώς and θρόμβοι both NT hapax; the closing ]] ends the disputed passage

vv. 45–46 — sleeping for sorrow

καὶ ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῆς προσευχῆςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εὗρεν

ἐλθὼν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰςparticipial — one return in Luke, not Mark's three

εὗρεν κοιμωμένους αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης,independent — ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης — Luke's charitable causal: grief, not indifference, closed their eyes

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the wake-up call

τί καθεύδετε;content — the gentle rebuke — no Simon-singled-out as in Mark

ἀναστάντες προσεύχεσθε,content — the double command — posture and petition

ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν.purpose — the inclusio with v. 40 sealed — the scene opens and closes on the same petition

The arrest — the kiss, the ear, the hour of darkness 22:47–53

vv. 47–48 — the kiss

Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντοςparticipial — genitive absolute — word and event collide; leans on the ἰδού-clause

ἰδοὺ ὄχλος,independent — verbless ἰδού — two words; the mob simply IS there

καὶ ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰούδας εἷς τῶν δώδεκα προήρχετο αὐτούς,independent — προήρχετο — Judas at the head of the column; εἷς τῶν δώδεκα, the wound restated

καὶ ἤγγισεν τῷ Ἰησοῦindependent — ἤγγισεν — the chapter opened with the feast drawing near (v. 1); now the betrayer does

φιλῆσαι αὐτόν.purpose — infinitive of purpose — in Luke the kiss is intended; the text never says it landed

Ἰησοῦς δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ·independent — the interception

Ἰούδα, φιλήματι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδως;content — φιλήματι fronted — the means named before the crime; the friendship-sign turned weapon

vv. 49–51 — the sword-stroke and the healing

ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενονparticipial — preposed participle with future participle object (τὸ ἐσόμενον) — leans on εἶπαν

εἶπαν·independent — they ask first — the two swords of v. 38 remembered

κύριε, εἰ πατάξομεν ἐν μαχαίρῃ;content — εἰ introducing a direct deliberative question (Septuagintal) — asked, then not waited for

καὶ ἐπάταξεν εἷς τις ἐξ αὐτῶν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως τὸν δοῦλονindependent — the blow before the answer — Luke leaves the striker nameless (John names Peter)

καὶ ἀφεῖλεν τὸ οὖς αὐτοῦ τὸ δεξιόν.independent — τὸ δεξιόν — Luke and John alone note it was the right ear

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦςparticipial — pleonastic ἀποκριθείς — leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν·independent — the violence stopped with a word

ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου·content — ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου — elliptical crux: 'let it go this far and no further'; the sword-line of v. 36 definitively closed

καὶ ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὠτίουparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἰάσατο; ὠτίον, the diminutive

ἰάσατο αὐτόν.independent — Luke alone — the physician-evangelist's last recorded healing is of an enemy, mid-arrest

vv. 52–53 — your hour, and the power of darkness

εἶπεν δὲ Ἰησοῦς πρὸς τοὺς παραγενομένους ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ στρατηγοὺς τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ πρεσβυτέρους·independent — in Luke the leaders are present in person at the arrest — the στρατηγοί of v. 4 have come themselves

ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων;content — λῃστής — the brigand-word; the arrest-party's arms indict the arresters

καθ' ἡμέραν ὄντος μου μεθ' ὑμῶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷparticipial — genitive absolute inside the speech — the open teaching (19:47; 21:37); leans on ἐξετείνατε

οὐκ ἐξετείνατε τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ' ἐμέ·content — the daylight restraint — fear of the people (v. 2) held their hands

ἀλλ' αὕτη ἐστὶν ὑμῶν ἡ ὥρα καὶ ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους.content — Luke's theological verdict on the night — ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους (Col 1:13); Satan's 'opportune time' (4:13) has come

Peter's denials — the fire, the rooster, the look 22:54–62

vv. 54–55 — led to the high priest's house; the courtyard fire

Συλλαβόντες δὲ αὐτὸνparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the arrest executed; leans on ἤγαγον

ἤγαγονindependent — the passion's verbs of conduction begin — he will be led from house to council (v. 66) to Pilate (23:1)

καὶ εἰσήγαγον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως·independent — the οἰκία, not yet the συνέδριον — in Luke the night holds custody, not a trial

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἠκολούθει μακρόθεν.independent — imperfect ἠκολούθει — still the discipleship verb (v. 39), now qualified by μακρόθεν; the distance is the story

περιαψάντων δὲ πῦρ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ συγκαθισάντωνparticipial — double genitive absolute — the servants' fire against the spring night; leans on ἐκάθητο

ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν.independent — μέσος αὐτῶν — predicate: in the very middle of the arrest-party's company, lit by their fire

vv. 56–60 — three accusers, three denials, and the rooster mid-word

ἰδοῦσα δὲ αὐτὸν παιδίσκη τις καθήμενον πρὸς τὸ φῶςparticipial — πρὸς τὸ φῶς — the fire that warms him betrays him; leans on εἶπεν

καὶ ἀτενίσασα αὐτῷparticipial — ἀτενίσασα — Luke's verb of the fixed gaze (4:20; Acts 3:4)

εἶπεν·independent — accuser one — a παιδίσκη, the least in the courtyard

καὶ οὗτος σὺν αὐτῷ ἦν.content — third person — she tells the circle, not him; σὺν αὐτῷ, mere association is the whole charge

ὁ δὲ ἠρνήσατοindependent — ἠρνήσατο — denial one; the verb of 12:9's warning

λέγων·participial — the speech-frame

οὐκ οἶδα αὐτόν, γύναι.content — οὐκ οἶδα — disowned acquaintance, the exact form predicted: ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι (v. 34)

καὶ μετὰ βραχὺ ἕτερος ἰδὼν αὐτὸνparticipial — accuser two, a man this time; μετὰ βραχύ — the interval shortens; leans on ἔφη

ἔφη·independent — the charge sharpens

καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ.content — second person now — καὶ σύ, to his face; ἐξ αὐτῶν, membership, not just company

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἔφη·independent — denial two

ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ εἰμί.content — οὐκ εἰμί — the anti-confession; contrast the ἐγώ εἰμι wrung out at v. 70

καὶ διαστάσης ὡσεὶ ὥρας μιᾶςparticipial — genitive absolute — διαστάσης: a whole hour of borrowed safety; leans on διϊσχυρίζετο

ἄλλος τις διϊσχυρίζετοindependent — iterative imperfect — διϊσχυρίζομαι, to press the point with force (elsewhere in the NT only Acts 12:15, of Rhoda insisting it IS Peter)

λέγων·participial — accuser three

ἐπ' ἀληθείας καὶ οὗτος μετ' αὐτοῦ ἦν,content — ἐπ' ἀληθείας — 'in truth': the accusation now sworn to

καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν.cause — the evidence — his Galilean speech gives him away (Matt 26:73 makes the accent explicit)

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος·independent — denial three

ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ οἶδα ὃ λέγεις.content — the deepest form — he no longer knows even the words; three denials, as predicted (v. 34)

καὶ παραχρῆμα ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦparticipial — genitive absolute — παραχρῆμα, Luke's signature adverb of the instant; leans on ἐφώνησεν

ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ.independent — ἔτι λαλοῦντος — the crow overlaps the denial itself; the word of v. 34 lands to the letter

vv. 61–62 — the Lord turns and looks; the bitter weeping

καὶ στραφεὶςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἐνέβλεψεν

ὁ κύριος ἐνέβλεψεν τῷ Πέτρῳ,independent — Luke alone — ὁ κύριος, the narrator's full title at the bleakest moment; ἐνέβλεψεν, the look across the courtyard that neither speaks nor spares

καὶ ὑπεμνήσθη ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίουindependent — ὑπεμνήσθη + genitive — the look triggers the memory; τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου carries the scene

ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷcontent — ὡς — remembered speech, quoted from inside the memory

ὅτι πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι σήμερον ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς.content — v. 34 given back nearly verbatim — πρίν + infinitive; prophecy now transcript

καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἔξωparticipial — preposed participle — out of the firelight, away from the courtyard; leans on ἔκλαυσεν

ἔκλαυσεν πικρῶς.independent — πικρῶς — the sifting of v. 31 done; the ἐπιστρέψας of v. 32 begins in these tears

The mocking — Prophesy! Who struck you? 22:63–65

vv. 63–65 — the blindfold game, played on the prophet whose word has just come true

Καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ συνέχοντες αὐτὸν ἐνέπαιζον αὐτῷindependent — imperfects — the abuse fills the hours between arrest and daybreak (v. 66); ἐνέπαιζον fulfills 18:32, ἐμπαιχθήσεται; attributive οἱ συνέχοντες kept in line

δέροντες,participial — manner participle — δέρω, the beating the vineyard parable foresaw for the servants (20:10–11)

καὶ περικαλύψαντες αὐτὸνparticipial — περικαλύψαντες — covered all around; leans on ἐπηρώτων

ἐπηρώτωνindependent — iterative imperfect — round after round of the game

λέγοντες·participial — the taunt quoted

προφήτευσον, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παίσας σε;content — the blind-man's-buff taunt — prophecy demanded of the prophet whose word about Peter has just come true a courtyard away (vv. 34, 60–61)

καὶ ἕτερα πολλὰ βλασφημοῦντες ἔλεγον εἰς αὐτόν.independent — βλασφημοῦντες — Luke's narrator names the mockery blasphemy; the summary imperfect draws the curtain on the night

The council at daybreak — out of his own mouth 22:66–71

vv. 66–69 — Are you the Christ? The ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν session saying

Καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡμέρα,conditional — temporal ὡς (typed cnd) — daybreak: in Luke the denials have run their course before any hearing, and the council meets by daylight; leans on συνήχθη

συνήχθη τὸ πρεσβυτέριον τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀρχιερεῖς τε καὶ γραμματεῖς,independent — πρεσβυτέριον — the corporate body, with priests and scribes in apposition; the formal τε καί pairing

καὶ ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ συνέδριον αὐτῶνindependent — συνέδριον — chamber and court at once; no witnesses will be called in Luke's hearing

λέγοντες·participial — the interrogation opens

εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός,conditional — first-class protasis — leans on εἰπόν below; the first arm of Luke's double question (Christ here, Son of God at v. 70)

εἰπὸν ἡμῖν.content — the demand for self-incrimination — the whole case will rest on his own mouth (v. 71)

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς·independent — the answer that names the trap before stepping past it

ἐὰν ὑμῖν εἴπω,conditional — third-class protasis — leans on πιστεύσητε; the echo of 20:1–8, where their refusal to answer ended the questions

οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε·content — οὐ μή + subjunctive — the strongest denial: the hearing's outcome is already fixed

ἐὰν δὲ ἐρωτήσω,conditional — the matching protasis — leans on ἀποκριθῆτε

οὐ μὴ ἀποκριθῆτε.content — the balanced pair — neither role, answerer nor questioner, is open to him in this court

ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν δὲ ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενος ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ θεοῦ.content — Ps 110:1's session, spoken by Dan 7:13's Son of Man — but Luke's ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν (vv. 18, 69) replaces Mark's ὄψεσθε and drops the clouds: enthronement asserted as present fact, not future spectacle; periphrastic ἔσται καθήμενος; τῆς δυνάμεως, the reverent metonym

vv. 70–71 — Son of God? You say that I am

εἶπαν δὲ πάντες·independent — πάντες — the whole council presses the inference

σὺ οὖν εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ;content — οὖν — they draw 'Son of God' out of the session saying themselves; the double question's second arm

ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔφη·independent — the reply on their terms

ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι.content — the guarded affirmative — the σὺ λέγεις-form with ὅτι: 'you (not I) say it' — and yet ἐγώ εἰμι stands inside their own sentence; both edges kept

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the verdict, phrased as a question

τί ἔτι ἔχομεν μαρτυρίας χρείαν;content — no witnesses were ever called — in Luke the μαρτυρία they waive is the only kind this hearing had

αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἠκούσαμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ.cause — ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ — the case closed on his own mouth; the chapter ends mid-motion, the whole body rising for Pilate (23:1)

Analysis. Luke's passion night keeps the synoptic skeleton — plot, preparation, supper, Olivet, arrest, denials, council — but rebuilds the middle as a farewell meal in the Greco-Jewish testament tradition: after the cups the layout holds vv. 21–38 as one long table-session (betrayer announced, greatness disputed, thrones promised, Simon sifted, two swords produced), so the blue speech-column runs almost unbroken for eighteen verses. The supper itself is Luke's famous two-cup order: the eschatological Passover cup of vv. 17–18 ('I shall not drink from now on...') precedes the bread, and only then comes the cup 'after supper' — v. 20's τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον is nominative, agreeing with τὸ ποτήριον rather than τῷ αἵματι, a famous grammatical wrinkle the tag names; the longer text (vv. 19b–20) is printed as the data prints it. On the Mount of Olives the strengthening angel and the sweat like drops of blood stand inside double brackets exactly as the critical editions print them — [[ὤφθη δὲ αὐτῷ ἄγγελος...]] — absent from P75 ℵ¹ B, present in many witnesses, flagged as disputed rather than silently resolved. Distinctively Lukan choices the layout takes a side on: Satan enters Judas (v. 3) and returns to demand the sifting of Simon (v. 31, ἐξῃτήσατο — aorist middle, 'obtained by asking'); the sword-word of v. 36 is answered by the grim ἱκανόν ἐστιν of v. 38 ('enough of this!', not 'two will suffice' — the tag keeps both readings); Peter's three denials run their course BEFORE any hearing, in the courtyard fire-light, and pivot on Luke's unbearable v. 61 — the Lord, inside, turns and looks at Peter; and the Sanhedrin meets only at daybreak (v. 66), where the double question (Christ? Son of God?) is met by the Son-of-Man session saying — ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν, Ps 110:1 without Dan 7's clouds — and the council closes the case on his own mouth: Τί ἔτι ἔχομεν μαρτυρίας χρείαν; Between denial and hearing, the guards' night of mockery (vv. 63–65) stands as its own small scene: the blindfold and the Προφήτευσον taunt demand prophecy of the prophet whose word about Peter has just come true a courtyard away — and the narrator names the sport for what it is, blasphemy.