Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Luke, Chapter 24ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ ΚΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων ὄρθρου βαθέως ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἦλθον φέρουσαι ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα.

But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they went to the tomb, bringing the spices they had prepared.

New unit (A)δὲ
Τῇon theDativearticle
δὲbutconnective
μιᾷfirstDativenumeral (for ordinal)εἷς; 'first of the week'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
σαββάτωνweekGenitivepartitive genitiveσάββατον, week
ὄρθρουat dawnGenitivegenitive of timeὄρθρος
βαθέωςearly/deepGenitiveattributive adjectiveβαθύς
ἐπὶtopreposition (+acc)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μνῆμαtombAccusativeobject of ἐπίμνῆμα
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
φέρουσαιbringingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · φέρωcircumstantial participle→ durative
whichAccusativerelative pronounὅς
ἡτοίμασανthey had preparedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωrelative-clause verb→ constative aorist
ἀρώματαspicesAccusativeobject (antecedent w/in clause)ἄρωμα
2

εὗρον δὲ τὸν λίθον ἀποκεκυλισμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου,

And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb,

Discoveryδὲ
εὗρονthey foundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
δὲandconnective
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λίθονstoneAccusativedirect objectλίθος
ἀποκεκυλισμένονrolled awayPerf Pass Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἀποκυλίωobject complement→ resultative perfectἀποκυλίω
ἀπὸfrompreposition
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
μνημείουtombGenitiveobject of ἀπόμνημεῖον
3

εἰσελθοῦσαι δὲ οὐχ εὗρον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ.

but when they went in they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.

Empty tombδὲ'of the Lord Jesus' is one of the disputed Western non-interpolations; printed here.
εἰσελθοῦσαιenteringAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
δὲbutadversative
οὐχnotnegative
εὗρονthey foundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
τὸtheAccusativearticle
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect objectσῶμα
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivepossessive genitiveκύριος
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveappositionἸησοῦς
4

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἀπορεῖσθαι αὐτὰς περὶ τούτου καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες δύο ἐπέστησαν αὐταῖς ἐν ἐσθῆτι ἀστραπτούσῃ.

While they were perplexed about this, behold, two men stood by them in dazzling apparel.

Angels appearκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristSeptuagintal framing
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle w/ articular inf.
ἀπορεῖσθαιbeing perplexedPres Mid Inf · ἀπορέωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ durativemid. ἀπορέομαι
αὐτὰςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
περὶaboutpreposition (+gen)
τούτουthisGenitiveobject of περίοὗτος
καὶandapodotic καί
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubjectἀνήρ
δύοtwoNominativecardinal (indeclinable) modifierδύο
ἐπέστησανstood byAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐφίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἐφίστημι (+dat)
αὐταῖςthemDativeobject of ἐπέστησαν
ἐνinpreposition
ἐσθῆτιclothingDativeobject of ἐνἐσθής
ἀστραπτούσῃgleamingPres Act Ptc Dat Sg Fem · ἀστράπτωattributive participle→ durativeἀστράπτω, flash
5

ἐμφόβων δὲ γενομένων αὐτῶν καὶ κλινουσῶν τὰ πρόσωπα εἰς τὴν γῆν εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτάς· τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν;

And as they were frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, the men said to them, 'Why do you seek the living among the dead?

Announcementδὲ
ἐμφόβωνafraidGenitivepredicate adjective (gen. abs.)ἔμφοβος
δὲandconnective
γενομένωνbecomingAor Mid Ptc Gen Pl Fem · γίνομαιgenitive absolute→ antecedent
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
καὶandconnective
κλινουσῶνbowingPres Act Ptc Gen Pl Fem · κλίνωgenitive absolute→ durativeκλίνω
τὰtheAccusativearticle
πρόσωπαfacesAccusativeobjectπρόσωπον
εἰςtopreposition
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνgroundAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ
εἶπανthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτάςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
τίwhyinterrogative adverb
ζητεῖτεdo you seekPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ durative
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ζῶνταlivingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ζάωsubstantival participle→ durativeζάω
μετὰamongpreposition (+gen)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
νεκρῶνdeadGenitivesubstantival adjectiveνεκρός
6

οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἀλλὰ ἠγέρθη. μνήσθητε ὡς ἐλάλησεν ὑμῖν ἔτι ὢν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ

He is not here, but has risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee,

Resurrectionasyndeton'he is not here, but has risen' is a disputed non-interpolation; printed here.
οὐκnotnegative
ἔστινhe isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
ὧδεhereadverb of place
ἀλλὰbutadversative
ἠγέρθηhe has risenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aoristἐγείρω; theological passive
μνήσθητεrememberAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · μιμνῄσκομαιimperative→ ingressive aoristμιμνῄσκομαι (+gen)
ὡςhowconjunction
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωsubordinate verb→ constative aorist
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ἔτιstilladverb
ὢνbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · εἰμίcircumstantial participle→ durative
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
ΓαλιλαίᾳGalileeDativeobject of ἐνΓαλιλαία
7

λέγων τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὅτι δεῖ παραδοθῆναι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ σταυρωθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἀναστῆναι.

that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified and on the third day rise.'

Passion foretoldasyndeton
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱὸνSonAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.υἱός
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive (title)'Son of Man'
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb→ durativedivine necessity
παραδοθῆναιto be deliveredAor Pass Inf · παραδίδωμιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
εἰςintopreposition
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobject of εἰςχείρ
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitiveattributive genitiveἄνθρωπος
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinfulGenitiveattributive adjectiveἁμαρτωλός
καὶandconnective
σταυρωθῆναιto be crucifiedAor Pass Inf · σταυρόωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
καὶandconnective
τῇon theDativearticle
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjectiveτρίτος
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of timeἡμέρα
ἀναστῆναιto riseAor Act Inf · ἀνίστημιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristἀνίστημι
8

καὶ ἐμνήσθησαν τῶν ῥημάτων αὐτοῦ.

And they remembered his words,

Rememberingκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἐμνήσθησανthey rememberedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · μιμνῄσκομαιmain verb→ constative aoristμιμνῄσκομαι (+gen)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ῥημάτωνwordsGenitiveobject of ἐμνήσθησανῥῆμα
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
9

καὶ ὑποστρέψασαι ἀπὸ τοῦ μνημείου ἀπήγγειλαν ταῦτα πάντα τοῖς ἕνδεκα καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς λοιποῖς.

and returning from the tomb they told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest.

Reportκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ὑποστρέψασαιreturningAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · ὑποστρέφωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentὑποστρέφω
ἀπὸfrompreposition
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
μνημείουtombGenitiveobject of ἀπόμνημεῖον
ἀπήγγειλανreportedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπαγγέλλω
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἕνδεκαelevenDativecardinal (indeclinable) substantiveἕνδεκα
καὶandconnective
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τοῖςtheDativearticle
λοιποῖςrestDativesubstantival adjectiveλοιπός
10

ἦσαν δὲ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ Μαρία καὶ Ἰωάννα καὶ Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ σὺν αὐταῖς. ἔλεγον πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους ταῦτα,

Now it was Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles,

The women namedδὲ
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ durative imperfect
δὲnowconnective
theNominativearticle
ΜαγδαληνὴMagdaleneNominativesubjectΜαγδαληνή
ΜαρίαMaryNominativesubjectΜαρία
καὶandconnective
ἸωάνναJoannaNominativesubjectἸωάννα
καὶandconnective
ΜαρίαMaryNominativesubjectΜαρία
theNominativearticle
Ἰακώβουof JamesGenitiverelationship genitiveἸάκωβος; 'mother of James'
καὶandconnective
αἱtheNominativearticle
λοιπαὶrestNominativesubstantival adjectiveλοιπός
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
αὐταῖςthemDativeobject of σύν
ἔλεγονwere tellingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ durative imperfect
πρὸςtopreposition
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀποστόλουςapostlesAccusativeobject of πρόςἀπόστολος
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
11

καὶ ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα, καὶ ἠπίστουν αὐταῖς.

but these words seemed to them an idle tale, and they did not believe them.

Disbeliefκαὶ
καὶandadversative καί
ἐφάνησανseemedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · φαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristφαίνομαι, appear
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition (+gen)ἐνώπιον
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
ὡσεὶlikecomparative particle
λῆροςnonsenseNominativepredicate nominativeλῆρος, idle tale; NT hapax
τὰtheNominativearticle
ῥήματαwordsNominativesubjectῥῆμα
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrativeοὗτος
καὶandconnective
ἠπίστουνwere disbelievingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπιστέωmain verb→ durative imperfectἀπιστέω (+dat)
αὐταῖςthemDativeobject
12

Ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἀναστὰς ἔδραμεν ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ παρακύψας βλέπει τὰ ὀθόνια μόνα, καὶ ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν θαυμάζων τὸ γεγονός.

But Peter rose and ran to the tomb; stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths by themselves; and he went home marveling at what had happened.

Peter at the tombδὲv.12 is one of the disputed non-interpolations (absent from D); printed here.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutadversative
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος
ἀναστὰςrisingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedent
ἔδραμενranAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τρέχωmain verb→ constative aoristτρέχω
ἐπὶtopreposition (+acc)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μνημεῖονtombAccusativeobject of ἐπίμνημεῖον
καὶandconnective
παρακύψαςstoopingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · παρακύπτωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentπαρακύπτω, bend over
βλέπειseesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · βλέπωmain verb→ historic presenthistoric present
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ὀθόνιαlinen clothsAccusativedirect objectὀθόνιον
μόναaloneAccusativeattributive adjectiveμόνος
καὶandconnective
ἀπῆλθενwent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπρὸς ἑαυτόν: to his home
πρὸςtopreposition
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativereflexive (idiom 'home')ἑαυτοῦ
θαυμάζωνmarvelingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · θαυμάζωcircumstantial participle→ durativeθαυμάζω
τὸat that whichAccusativearticle
γεγονόςhad happenedPerf Act Ptc Acc Sg Neut · γίνομαιsubstantival participle→ resultative perfect
13

Καὶ ἰδοὺ δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἦσαν πορευόμενοι εἰς κώμην ἀπέχουσαν σταδίους ἑξήκοντα ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ, ᾗ ὄνομα Ἐμμαοῦς,

That very day two of them were going to a village named Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem,

New unit (B)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
δύοtwoNominativecardinal substantive (subject)δύο
ἐξofpreposition (partitive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitivepartitive genitive
ἐνonpreposition
αὐτῇsameDativeintensive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
ἡμέρᾳdayDativeobject of ἐν (time)ἡμέρα
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
πορευόμενοιgoingPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · πορεύομαιperiphrastic participle→ durativedeponent
εἰςtopreposition
κώμηνa villageAccusativeobject of εἰςκώμη
ἀπέχουσανdistantPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Fem · ἀπέχωattributive participle→ durativeἀπέχω, be distant
σταδίουςstadiaAccusativeaccusative of measureστάδιον; ~185m each
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativecardinal (indeclinable) modifierἑξήκοντα
ἀπὸfrompreposition
ἸερουσαλήμJerusalemGenitiveobject of ἀπό (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
whoseDativerelative pronoun (possession)ὅς
ὄνομαnameNominativesubjectὄνομα
ἘμμαοῦςEmmausNominativepredicate (indeclinable)Ἐμμαοῦς
14

καὶ αὐτοὶ ὡμίλουν πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ πάντων τῶν συμβεβηκότων τούτων.

and they were talking with each other about all these things that had happened.

Conversationκαὶ
καὶandconnective
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject
ὡμίλουνwere conversingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁμιλέωmain verb→ durative imperfectὁμιλέω
πρὸςwithpreposition
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativereciprocal pronounἀλλήλων
περὶaboutpreposition (+gen)
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τῶνthe thingsGenitivearticle
συμβεβηκότωνthat had happenedPerf Act Ptc Gen Pl Neut · συμβαίνωsubstantival participle→ resultative perfectσυμβαίνω
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrativeοὗτος
15

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ὁμιλεῖν αὐτοὺς καὶ συζητεῖν καὶ αὐτὸς Ἰησοῦς ἐγγίσας συνεπορεύετο αὐτοῖς,

While they were talking and discussing together, Jesus himself drew near and went with them,

Jesus joinsκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνwhilepreposition
τῷtheDativearticle w/ articular inf.
ὁμιλεῖνtalkingPres Act Inf · ὁμιλέωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ durative
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
καὶandconnective
συζητεῖνdiscussingPres Act Inf · συζητέωarticular infinitive→ durativeσυζητέω
καὶapodotic andapodotic καί
αὐτὸςhimselfNominativeintensive pronoun
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς
ἐγγίσαςdrawing nearAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐγγίζωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedent
συνεπορεύετοwent withImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · συμπορεύομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectσυμπορεύομαι (+dat)
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject
16

οἱ δὲ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν ἐκρατοῦντο τοῦ μὴ ἐπιγνῶναι αὐτόν.

but their eyes were kept from recognizing him.

ConcealmentδὲA divine passive: they were prevented from recognizing him.
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutadversative
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐκρατοῦντοwere heldImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · κρατέωmain verb→ durative imperfectκρατέω; divine passive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle w/ articular inf.
μὴnotnegative
ἐπιγνῶναιto recognizeAor Act Inf · ἐπιγινώσκωarticular infinitive (result/purpose)→ constative aoristἐπιγινώσκω
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
17

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς· τίνες οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι οὓς ἀντιβάλλετε πρὸς ἀλλήλους περιπατοῦντες; καὶ ἐστάθησαν σκυθρωποί.

And he said to them, 'What is this conversation that you are holding with each other as you walk?' And they stood still, looking sad.

Questionδὲ
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
δὲandconnective
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
τίνεςwhatNominativeinterrogativeτίς
οἱtheNominativearticle
λόγοιwordsNominativesubjectλόγος
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrativeοὗτος
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronounὅς
ἀντιβάλλετεyou exchangePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀντιβάλλωrelative-clause verb→ durativeἀντιβάλλω, exchange; NT hapax
πρὸςwithpreposition
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativereciprocal pronounἀλλήλων
περιπατοῦντεςwalkingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · περιπατέωcircumstantial participle→ durative
καὶandconnective
ἐστάθησανthey stoodAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ ingressive aorist
σκυθρωποίgloomyNominativepredicate adjectiveσκυθρωπός, sad-faced
18

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἷς ὀνόματι Κλεοπᾶς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν· σὺ μόνος παροικεῖς Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ οὐκ ἔγνως τὰ γενόμενα ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις;

Then one of them, named Cleopas, answered him, 'Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem who does not know the things that have happened there in these days?'

Cleopasδὲ
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle→ coincident
δὲthenconnective
εἷςoneNominativenumeral subjectεἷς
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of respectὄνομα
ΚλεοπᾶςCleopasNominativeappositionΚλεοπᾶς
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
μόνοςaloneNominativepredicate adjectiveμόνος
παροικεῖςsojournPres Act Indic 2 Sg · παροικέωmain verb→ durativeπαροικέω, visit/reside
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeobject (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
καὶandconnective
οὐκnotnegative
ἔγνωςyou knowAor Act Indic 2 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
γενόμεναthat happenedAor Mid Ptc Acc Pl Neut · γίνομαιsubstantival participle→ antecedent
ἐνinpreposition
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν
ἐνinpreposition
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativeobject of ἐν (time)ἡμέρα
ταύταιςtheseDativedemonstrativeοὗτος
19

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ποῖα; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· τὰ περὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ναζαρηνοῦ, ὃς ἐγένετο ἀνὴρ προφήτης δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ,

And he said to them, 'What things?' And they said to him, 'Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, a man who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people,

The story toldκαὶ
καὶandconnective
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ποῖαwhat kindAccusativeinterrogativeποῖος
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲandconnective
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
περὶconcerningpreposition (+gen)
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveobject of περίἸησοῦς
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ΝαζαρηνοῦNazareneGenitiveappositionΝαζαρηνός
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronounὅς
ἐγένετοwasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιrelative-clause verb→ constative aorist
ἀνὴρa manNominativepredicate nominativeἀνήρ
προφήτηςa prophetNominativeappositionπροφήτης
δυνατὸςmightyNominativeattributive adjectiveδυνατός
ἐνinpreposition
ἔργῳdeedDativeobject of ἐνἔργον
καὶandconnective
λόγῳwordDativeobject of ἐνλόγος
ἐναντίονbeforeimproper preposition (+gen)ἐναντίον
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἐναντίονθεός
καὶandconnective
παντὸςallGenitiveattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
λαοῦpeopleGenitiveobject of ἐναντίονλαός
20

ὅπως τε παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἡμῶν εἰς κρίμα θανάτου καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν.

and how our chief priests and rulers delivered him up to be condemned to death, and crucified him.

The story toldasyndeton
ὅπωςhowconjunction
τεandconnective particle
παρέδωκανdeliveredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristπαραδίδωμι
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubjectἀρχιερεύς
καὶandconnective
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄρχοντεςrulersNominativesubjectἄρχων
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰςtopreposition
κρίμαsentenceAccusativeobject of εἰςκρίμα
θανάτουof deathGenitiveattributive genitiveθάνατος
καὶandconnective
ἐσταύρωσανcrucifiedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · σταυρόωmain verb→ constative aoristσταυρόω
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
21

ἡμεῖς δὲ ἠλπίζομεν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ μέλλων λυτροῦσθαι τὸν Ἰσραήλ· ἀλλά γε καὶ σὺν πᾶσιν τούτοις τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν ἄγει ἀφ' οὗ ταῦτα ἐγένετο.

But we had hoped that he was the one to redeem Israel. Yes, and besides all this, it is now the third day since these things happened.

Lost hopeδὲ
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic)
δὲbutadversative
ἠλπίζομενwere hopingImpf Act Indic 1 Pl · ἐλπίζωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐλπίζω
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
αὐτόςheNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
the oneNominativearticle
μέλλωνabout toPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · μέλλωsubstantival participle→ durativeμέλλω + inf.
λυτροῦσθαιto redeemPres Mid Inf · λυτρόωcomplementary infinitive→ durativemid. λυτρόομαι
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸσραήλIsraelAccusativeobject (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ
ἀλλάbutadversative
γεindeedemphatic particle
καὶalsoadverbial
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τούτοιςthese thingsDativeobject of σύνοὗτος
τρίτηνthirdAccusativeordinal adjectiveτρίτος
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrativeοὗτος
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeadverbial accusativeἡμέρα
ἄγειhe/it passesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ durativeimpersonal 'one passes'
ἀφ'sinceprepositionelided ἀπό
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronounὅς
ταῦταthese thingsNominativesubjectοὗτος
ἐγένετοhappenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιrelative-clause verb→ constative aorist
22

ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκές τινες ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐξέστησαν ἡμᾶς, γενόμεναι ὀρθριναὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον,

Moreover, some women of our company amazed us. They were at the tomb early in the morning,

Women's reportἀλλὰ
ἀλλὰbutadversative
καὶalsoadverbial
γυναῖκέςwomenNominativesubjectγυνή
τινεςsomeNominativeindefinite adjectiveτις
ἐξofpreposition (partitive)
ἡμῶνusGenitivepartitive genitive
ἐξέστησανamazedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξίστημι, astonish
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject
γενόμεναιbeingAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Fem · γίνομαιcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
ὀρθριναὶearlyNominativepredicate adjectiveὀρθρινός, at dawn
ἐπὶatpreposition (+acc)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μνημεῖονtombAccusativeobject of ἐπίμνημεῖον
23

καὶ μὴ εὑροῦσαι τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἦλθον λέγουσαι καὶ ὀπτασίαν ἀγγέλων ἑωρακέναι, οἳ λέγουσιν αὐτὸν ζῆν.

and when they did not find his body, they came back saying that they had even seen a vision of angels, who said that he was alive.

Women's reportκαὶ
καὶandconnective
μὴnotnegative
εὑροῦσαιfindingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · εὑρίσκωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
τὸtheAccusativearticle
σῶμαbodyAccusativeobjectσῶμα
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
λέγουσαιsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
καὶevenascensive
ὀπτασίανa visionAccusativeobject of ἑωρακέναιὀπτασία
ἀγγέλωνof angelsGenitiveobjective genitiveἄγγελος
ἑωρακέναιto have seenPerf Act Inf · ὁράωinfinitive in indirect discourse→ resultative perfect
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronounὅς
λέγουσινsayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωrelative-clause verb→ durative
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
ζῆνto be alivePres Act Inf · ζάωinfinitive in indirect discourse→ durativeζάω
24

καὶ ἀπῆλθόν τινες τῶν σὺν ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ εὗρον οὕτως καθὼς καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες εἶπον, αὐτὸν δὲ οὐκ εἶδον.

Some of those who were with us went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said, but him they did not see.

Confirmationκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἀπῆλθόνwentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
τινεςsomeNominativeindefinite subjectτις
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
ἡμῖνusDativeobject of σύν
ἐπὶtopreposition (+acc)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μνημεῖονtombAccusativeobject of ἐπίμνημεῖον
καὶandconnective
εὗρονfoundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
οὕτωςsoadverb
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial
αἱtheNominativearticle
γυναῖκεςwomenNominativesubjectγυνή
εἶπονsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωsubordinate verb→ constative aorist
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject (emphatic position)
δὲbutadversative
οὐκnotnegative
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aorist
25

καὶ αὐτὸς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· ὦ ἀνόητοι καὶ βραδεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῦ πιστεύειν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται·

And he said to them, 'O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken!

Rebukeκαὶ
καὶandconnective
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic)
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
Ointerjection (w/ voc.)
ἀνόητοιfoolish onesVocativevocative of addressἀνόητος
καὶandconnective
βραδεῖςslowVocativevocative adjectiveβραδύς
τῇinDativearticle
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of respectκαρδία
τοῦtheGenitivearticle w/ articular inf.
πιστεύεινto believePres Act Inf · πιστεύωepexegetic articular infinitive→ durative
ἐπὶinpreposition (+dat)
πᾶσινallDativesubstantival adjectiveπᾶς
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronounὅς
ἐλάλησανspokeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαλέωrelative-clause verb→ constative aorist
οἱtheNominativearticle
προφῆταιprophetsNominativesubjectπροφήτης
26

οὐχὶ ταῦτα ἔδει παθεῖν τὸν χριστὸν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ;

Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?'

Necessity of sufferingasyndetonThe suffering-then-glory pattern is the hermeneutical key.
οὐχὶnotinterrogative negative (expects 'yes')
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
ἔδειit was necessaryImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb→ durativedivine necessity
παθεῖνto sufferAor Act Inf · πάσχωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristπάσχω
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χριστὸνChristAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.χριστός
καὶandconnective
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
εἰςintopreposition
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
δόξανgloryAccusativeobject of εἰςδόξα
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
27

καὶ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν προφητῶν διερμήνευσεν αὐτοῖς ἐν πάσαις ταῖς γραφαῖς τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ.

And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.

Scriptures openedκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἀρξάμενοςbeginningAor Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἄρχωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentmid. ἄρχομαι
ἀπὸfrompreposition
ΜωϋσέωςMosesGenitiveobject of ἀπόΜωϋσῆς
καὶandconnective
ἀπὸfrompreposition
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
προφητῶνprophetsGenitiveobject of ἀπόπροφήτης
διερμήνευσενinterpretedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διερμηνεύωmain verb→ constative aoristδιερμηνεύω, explain
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ἐνinpreposition
πάσαιςallDativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
ταῖςtheDativearticle
γραφαῖςScripturesDativeobject of ἐνγραφή
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
περὶconcerningpreposition (+gen)
ἑαυτοῦhimselfGenitivereflexive object of περίἑαυτοῦ
28

Καὶ ἤγγισαν εἰς τὴν κώμην οὗ ἐπορεύοντο, καὶ αὐτὸς προσεποιήσατο πορρώτερον πορεύεσθαι.

So they drew near to the village to which they were going. He acted as if he were going farther,

Arrivalκαὶ
Καὶandconnective
ἤγγισανthey drew nearAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐγγίζωmain verb→ constative aorist
εἰςtopreposition
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
κώμηνvillageAccusativeobject of εἰςκώμη
οὗwhererelative adverb
ἐπορεύοντοthey were goingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιrelative-clause verb→ durative imperfectdeponent
καὶandconnective
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic)
προσεποιήσατοacted as ifAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσποιέομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπροσποιέομαι, make as though; NT hapax
πορρώτερονfarthercomparative adverbπόρρω, comparative
πορεύεσθαιto goPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιcomplementary infinitive→ durativedeponent
29

καὶ παρεβιάσαντο αὐτὸν λέγοντες· μεῖνον μεθ' ἡμῶν, ὅτι πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστὶν καὶ κέκλικεν ἤδη ἡ ἡμέρα. καὶ εἰσῆλθεν τοῦ μεῖναι σὺν αὐτοῖς.

but they urged him strongly, saying, 'Stay with us, for it is toward evening and the day is now far spent.' So he went in to stay with them.

Hospitalityκαὶ
καὶandconnective
παρεβιάσαντοthey urgedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · παραβιάζομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπαραβιάζομαι, constrain
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
μεῖνονstayAor Act Impv 2 Sg · μένωimperative→ ingressive aoristμένω
μεθ'withprepositionelided μετά
ἡμῶνusGenitiveobject of μετά
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
πρὸςtowardpreposition (+acc)
ἑσπέρανeveningAccusativeobject of πρόςἑσπέρα
ἐστὶνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
καὶandconnective
κέκλικενhas declinedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · κλίνωmain verb→ intensive perfectκλίνω
ἤδηnowadverb
theNominativearticle
ἡμέραdayNominativesubjectἡμέρα
καὶandconnective
εἰσῆλθενhe went inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
τοῦtheGenitivearticle w/ articular inf.
μεῖναιto stayAor Act Inf · μένωarticular infinitive (purpose)→ constative aorist
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject of σύν
30

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ κατακλιθῆναι αὐτὸν μετ' αὐτῶν λαβὼν τὸν ἄρτον εὐλόγησεν καὶ κλάσας ἐπεδίδου αὐτοῖς,

When he was at table with them, he took the bread and blessed and broke it and gave it to them.

Breaking breadκαὶThe fourfold action (took, blessed, broke, gave) echoes the Supper.
καὶandconnective
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνwhenpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle w/ articular inf.
κατακλιθῆναιrecliningAor Pass Inf · κατακλίνωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aoristκατακλίνω
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
μετ'withprepositionelided μετά
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of μετά
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedent
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄρτονbreadAccusativeobjectἄρτος
εὐλόγησενhe blessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aoristεὐλογέω
καὶandconnective
κλάσαςbreakingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · κλάωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentκλάω
ἐπεδίδουgaveImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιδίδωμιmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπιδίδωμι
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
31

αὐτῶν δὲ διηνοίχθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καὶ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν· καὶ αὐτὸς ἄφαντος ἐγένετο ἀπ' αὐτῶν.

And their eyes were opened, and they recognized him. And he vanished from their sight.

Recognitionδὲ
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
δὲandconnective
διηνοίχθησανwere openedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · διανοίγωmain verb→ constative aoristδιανοίγω; divine passive
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός
καὶandconnective
ἐπέγνωσανthey recognizedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιγινώσκωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιγινώσκω
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
καὶandconnective
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἄφαντοςinvisibleNominativepredicate adjectiveἄφαντος, vanishing; NT hapax
ἐγένετοbecameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
ἀπ'fromprepositionelided ἀπό
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
32

καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους· οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν [ἐν ἡμῖν] ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς;

They said to each other, 'Did not our hearts burn within us while he talked to us on the road, while he opened to us the Scriptures?'

Burning heartsκαὶ
καὶandconnective
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativereciprocal pronounἀλλήλων
οὐχὶnotinterrogative negative (expects 'yes')
theNominativearticle
καρδίαheartNominativesubjectκαρδία
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive
καιομένηburningPres Pass Ptc Nom Sg Fem · καίωperiphrastic participle→ durativeκαίω
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
[ἐνinpreposition (bracketed)
ἡμῖν]usDativeobject of ἐν
ὡςastemporal conjunction
ἐλάλειhe was speakingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωsubordinate verb→ durative imperfect
ἡμῖνto usDativeindirect object
ἐνonpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷroadDativeobject of ἐνὁδός
ὡςastemporal conjunction
διήνοιγενhe was openingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διανοίγωsubordinate verb→ durative imperfectδιανοίγω
ἡμῖνto usDativeindirect object
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
γραφάςScripturesAccusativeobjectγραφή
33

καὶ ἀναστάντες αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ εὗρον ἠθροισμένους τοὺς ἕνδεκα καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς,

And they rose that same hour and returned to Jerusalem, and they found the eleven and those who were with them gathered together,

Returnκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἀναστάντεςrisingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedent
αὐτῇsameDativeintensive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
ὥρᾳhourDativedative of timeὥρα
ὑπέστρεψανreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristὑποστρέφω
εἰςtopreposition
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeobject (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
καὶandconnective
εὗρονfoundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἠθροισμένουςgatheredPerf Pass Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἀθροίζωobject complement→ resultative perfectἀθροίζω
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἕνδεκαelevenAccusativecardinal (indeclinable) substantiveἕνδεκα
καὶandconnective
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject of σύν
34

λέγοντας ὅτι ὄντως ἠγέρθη ὁ κύριος καὶ ὤφθη Σίμωνι.

saying, 'The Lord has risen indeed, and has appeared to Simon!'

Confirmationasyndeton
λέγονταςsayingPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
ὄντωςindeedadverbὄντως
ἠγέρθηhas risenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aoristtheological passive
theNominativearticle
κύριοςLordNominativesubjectκύριος
καὶandconnective
ὤφθηappearedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω pass., 'was seen'
Σίμωνιto SimonDativeindirect objectΣίμων
35

καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐξηγοῦντο τὰ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ καὶ ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου.

Then they told what had happened on the road, and how he was known to them in the breaking of the bread.

Testimonyκαὶ
καὶandconnective
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἐξηγοῦντοrecountedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξηγέομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectἐξηγέομαι, narrate
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
ἐνonpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷroadDativeobject of ἐνὁδός
καὶandconnective
ὡςhowconjunction
ἐγνώσθηhe was knownAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γινώσκωsubordinate verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
κλάσειbreakingDativeobject of ἐνκλάσις, breaking
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἄρτουbreadGenitiveobjective genitiveἄρτος
36

Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτῶν λαλούντων αὐτὸς ἔστη ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.

As they were talking about these things, Jesus himself stood among them, and said to them, 'Peace to you!'

New unit (C)δὲ'and said… Peace to you' is a disputed non-interpolation; printed here.
Ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
δὲandconnective
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
λαλούντωνspeakingPres Act Ptc Gen Pl Masc · λαλέωgenitive absolute→ durative
αὐτὸςhimselfNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἔστηstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ ingressive aorist
ἐνinpreposition
μέσῳmidstDativeobject of ἐνμέσος
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
καὶandconnective
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historic presenthistoric present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
εἰρήνηpeaceNominativegreeting (verbless)εἰρήνη; Heb. shalom
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of recipient
37

πτοηθέντες δὲ καὶ ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν.

But they were startled and frightened and thought they saw a spirit.

Fearδὲ
πτοηθέντεςstartledAor Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · πτοέωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentπτοέω, terrify
δὲbutadversative
καὶandconnective
ἔμφοβοιafraidNominativepredicate adjectiveἔμφοβος
γενόμενοιbecomingAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · γίνομαιcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
ἐδόκουνthey thoughtImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · δοκέωmain verb→ durative imperfectδοκέω
πνεῦμαa spiritAccusativeobject of θεωρεῖνπνεῦμα; ghost
θεωρεῖνto seePres Act Inf · θεωρέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative
38

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· τί τεταραγμένοι ἐστὲ καὶ διὰ τί διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν;

And he said to them, 'Why are you troubled, and why do doubts arise in your hearts?

Reassuranceκαὶ
καὶandconnective
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
τίwhyinterrogative adverb
τεταραγμένοιtroubledPerf Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ταράσσωperiphrastic perfect→ resultative perfectταράσσω
ἐστὲare youPres Act Indic 2 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ durative
καὶandconnective
διὰwhypreposition (διὰ τί idiom)
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogativeτίς
διαλογισμοὶdoubtsNominativesubjectδιαλογισμός
ἀναβαίνουσινarisePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ durativeἀναβαίνω
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
καρδίᾳheartDativeobject of ἐνκαρδία
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
39

ἴδετε τὰς χεῖράς μου καὶ τοὺς πόδας μου ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι αὐτός· ψηλαφήσατέ με καὶ ἴδετε, ὅτι πνεῦμα σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα οὐκ ἔχει καθὼς ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε ἔχοντα.

See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.'

Bodily resurrectionasyndeton
ἴδετεseeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωimperative→ ingressive aorist
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖράςhandsAccusativeobjectχείρ
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandconnective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobjectπούς
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἐγώINominativesubject (emphatic)
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
αὐτόςmyselfNominativeintensive pronoun
ψηλαφήσατέtouchAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ψηλαφάωimperative→ ingressive aoristψηλαφάω, handle
μεmeAccusativeobject
καὶandconnective
ἴδετεseeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωimperative→ ingressive aorist
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
πνεῦμαa spiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα
σάρκαfleshAccusativeobjectσάρξ
καὶandconnective
ὀστέαbonesAccusativeobjectὀστέον
οὐκnotnegative
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ gnomic present
καθὼςascomparative conjunction
ἐμὲmeAccusativeaccusative subject of ptc.
θεωρεῖτεyou seePres Act Indic 2 Pl · θεωρέωverb of perception→ durative
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωsupplementary participle→ durative
40

καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας.

And when he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet.

Proofκαὶv.40 is a disputed non-interpolation; printed here.
καὶandconnective
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobjectοὗτος
εἰπὼνsayingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
ἔδειξενhe showedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb→ constative aoristδείκνυμι
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobjectχείρ
καὶandconnective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobjectπούς
41

ἔτι δὲ ἀπιστούντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς καὶ θαυμαζόντων εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἔχετέ τι βρώσιμον ἐνθάδε;

And while they still disbelieved for joy and were marveling, he said to them, 'Have you anything here to eat?'

Joy and wonderδὲ
ἔτιstilladverb
δὲandconnective
ἀπιστούντωνdisbelievingPres Act Ptc Gen Pl Masc · ἀπιστέωgenitive absolute→ durativeἀπιστέω
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
ἀπὸforpreposition (causal)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
χαρᾶςjoyGenitiveobject of ἀπό (cause)χαρά
καὶandconnective
θαυμαζόντωνmarvelingPres Act Ptc Gen Pl Masc · θαυμάζωgenitive absolute→ durativeθαυμάζω
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ἔχετέdo you havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ durative
τιanythingAccusativeindefinite objectτις
βρώσιμονedibleAccusativeattributive adjectiveβρώσιμος; NT hapax
ἐνθάδεhereadverbἐνθάδε
42

οἱ δὲ ἐπέδωκαν αὐτῷ ἰχθύος ὀπτοῦ μέρος·

They gave him a piece of broiled fish,

The fishδὲ
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲandconnective
ἐπέδωκανgaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιδίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιδίδωμι
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
ἰχθύοςof fishGenitivepartitive genitiveἰχθύς
ὀπτοῦbroiledGenitiveattributive adjectiveὀπτός; NT hapax
μέροςa pieceAccusativedirect objectμέρος
43

καὶ λαβὼν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ἔφαγεν.

and he took it and ate before them.

He eatsκαὶ
καὶandconnective
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedent
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition (+gen)ἐνώπιον
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
ἔφαγενhe ateAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb→ constative aoristsuppletive of ἐσθίω
44

Εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς· οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι μου οὓς ἐλάλησα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔτι ὢν σὺν ὑμῖν, ὅτι δεῖ πληρωθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς περὶ ἐμοῦ.

Then he said to them, 'These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.'

Scriptures fulfilledδὲThe threefold canon (Law, Prophets, Psalms/Writings) all point to Christ.
ΕἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
δὲthenconnective
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrativeοὗτος
οἱtheNominativearticle
λόγοιwordsNominativepredicate nominativeλόγος
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronounὅς
ἐλάλησαI spokeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · λαλέωrelative-clause verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of πρός
ἔτιstilladverb
ὢνbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · εἰμίcircumstantial participle→ durative
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of σύν
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb→ durativedivine necessity
πληρωθῆναιto be fulfilledAor Pass Inf · πληρόωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristπληρόω
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Pass Ptc Acc Pl Neut · γράφωsubstantival participle→ resultative perfect
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
νόμῳLawDativeobject of ἐννόμος
Μωϋσέωςof MosesGenitiveattributive genitiveΜωϋσῆς
καὶandconnective
τοῖςtheDativearticle
προφήταιςProphetsDativeobject of ἐνπροφήτης
καὶandconnective
ψαλμοῖςPsalmsDativeobject of ἐνψαλμός
περὶaboutpreposition (+gen)
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of περί
45

τότε διήνοιξεν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς γραφάς·

Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures,

Minds openedasyndeton
τότεthenadverb
διήνοιξενhe openedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διανοίγωmain verb→ constative aoristδιανοίγω
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
νοῦνmindAccusativedirect objectνοῦς
τοῦtheGenitivearticle w/ articular inf.
συνιέναιto understandPres Act Inf · συνίημιarticular infinitive (purpose)→ durativeσυνίημι
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
γραφάςScripturesAccusativeobjectγραφή
46

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι οὕτως γέγραπται παθεῖν τὸν χριστὸν καὶ ἀναστῆναι ἐκ νεκρῶν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ,

and said to them, 'Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead,

Scripture summaryκαὶ
καὶandconnective
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
οὕτωςthusadverb
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ intensive perfectscriptural formula
παθεῖνto sufferAor Act Inf · πάσχωinfinitive (content)→ constative aoristπάσχω
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χριστὸνChristAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.χριστός
καὶandconnective
ἀναστῆναιto riseAor Act Inf · ἀνίστημιinfinitive (content)→ constative aorist
ἐκfrompreposition
νεκρῶνthe deadGenitivesubstantival adjectiveνεκρός
τῇon theDativearticle
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjectiveτρίτος
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of timeἡμέρα
47

καὶ κηρυχθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη — ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ.

and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem.

MissionκαὶThe program of Luke–Acts: repentance and forgiveness to all nations from Jerusalem.
καὶandconnective
κηρυχθῆναιto be proclaimedAor Pass Inf · κηρύσσωinfinitive (content)→ constative aoristκηρύσσω
ἐπὶinpreposition (+dat)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματιnameDativeobject of ἐπίὄνομα
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
μετάνοιανrepentanceAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.μετάνοια
εἰςforpreposition (purpose)
ἄφεσινforgivenessAccusativeobject of εἰςἄφεσις
ἁμαρτιῶνof sinsGenitiveobjective genitiveἁμαρτία
εἰςtopreposition
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ἔθνηnationsAccusativeobject of εἰςἔθνος
ἀρξάμενοιbeginningAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἄρχωcircumstantial participle (anacoluthon)→ ingressivenominative for expected acc.
ἀπὸfrompreposition
ἸερουσαλήμJerusalemGenitiveobject of ἀπό (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
48

ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες τούτων.

You are witnesses of these things.

Witnessesasyndeton
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
μάρτυρεςwitnessesNominativepredicate nominative (verbless)μάρτυς
τούτωνof these thingsGenitiveobjective genitiveοὗτος
49

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πατρός μου ἐφ' ὑμᾶς· ὑμεῖς δὲ καθίσατε ἐν τῇ πόλει ἕως οὗ ἐνδύσησθε ἐξ ὕψους δύναμιν.

And behold, I am sending the promise of my Father upon you. But stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.'

The promiseκαὶThe promise of the Spirit (fulfilled at Pentecost, Acts 2).
καὶandconnective
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic)
ἀποστέλλωam sendingPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ futuristic presentἀποστέλλω
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐπαγγελίανpromiseAccusativedirect objectἐπαγγελία
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
πατρόςFatherGenitivesubjective genitiveπατήρ
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐφ'uponprepositionelided ἐπί
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of ἐπί
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
δὲbutadversative
καθίσατεstayAor Act Impv 2 Pl · καθίζωimperative→ ingressive aoristκαθίζω, remain
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
πόλειcityDativeobject of ἐνπόλις
ἕωςuntilconjunction
οὗwhichGenitiverelative (ἕως οὗ idiom)ὅς
ἐνδύσησθεyou are clothedAor Mid Subj 2 Pl · ἐνδύωsubjunctive (temporal)→ ingressive aoristmid. ἐνδύομαι
ἐξfrompreposition
ὕψουςon highGenitiveobject of ἐκὕψος
δύναμινpowerAccusativedirect objectδύναμις
50

Ἐξήγαγεν δὲ αὐτοὺς [ἔξω] ἕως πρὸς Βηθανίαν, καὶ ἐπάρας τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς.

And he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them.

New unit (D)δὲ
Ἐξήγαγενhe led outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξάγωmain verb→ constative aoristἐξάγω
δὲandconnective
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject
[ἔξω]outadverb (bracketed)
ἕωςas far aspreposition
πρὸςtopreposition (+acc)
ΒηθανίανBethanyAccusativeobject of πρόςΒηθανία
καὶandconnective
ἐπάραςlifting upAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐπαίρωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentἐπαίρω
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobjectχείρ
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aoristεὐλογέω
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject
51

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εὐλογεῖν αὐτὸν αὐτοὺς διέστη ἀπ' αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.

While he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven.

Ascensionκαὶ'and was carried up into heaven' is a disputed non-interpolation; printed here.
καὶandconnective
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνwhilepreposition
τῷtheDativearticle w/ articular inf.
εὐλογεῖνblessingPres Act Inf · εὐλογέωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ durative
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of εὐλογεῖν
διέστηhe partedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διΐστημιmain verb→ constative aoristδιΐστημι
ἀπ'fromprepositionelided ἀπό
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
καὶandconnective
ἀνεφέρετοwas carried upImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb→ durative imperfectἀναφέρω
εἰςintopreposition
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativeobject of εἰςοὐρανός
52

καὶ αὐτοὶ προσκυνήσαντες αὐτὸν ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ μετὰ χαρᾶς μεγάλης

And they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy,

Joyful returnκαὶ'having worshipped him' is a disputed non-interpolation; printed here.
καὶandconnective
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic)
προσκυνήσαντεςworshipingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · προσκυνέωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentπροσκυνέω
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ὑπέστρεψανreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristὑποστρέφω
εἰςtopreposition
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeobject (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
μετὰwithpreposition (+gen)
χαρᾶςjoyGenitiveobject of μετάχαρά
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjectiveμέγας
53

καὶ ἦσαν διὰ παντὸς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ εὐλογοῦντες τὸν θεόν.

and were continually in the temple blessing God.

PraiseκαὶThe Gospel ends, as it began (1:8–9), in the temple — now in joyful praise.
καὶandconnective
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
διὰthroughpreposition (διὰ παντός idiom)διὰ παντός: continually
παντὸςallGenitivesubstantival adjectiveπᾶς
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐνἱερόν
εὐλογοῦντεςblessingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εὐλογέωperiphrastic participle→ durativeεὐλογέω
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεόνGodAccusativeobjectθεός