Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Luke, Chapter 23ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ ΚΓ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ἀναστὰν ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Πιλᾶτον.

Then the whole company of them arose and brought him before Pilate.

New unit (A)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
ἀναστὰνrisingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Neut · ἀνίστημιattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentagrees w/ πλῆθος
ἅπανwholeNominativeattributive adjectiveἅπας
τὸtheNominativearticle
πλῆθοςcompanyNominativesubjectπλῆθος, multitude
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
ἤγαγονbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω; constructio ad sensum (pl.)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ἐπὶbeforepreposition (+acc)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΠιλᾶτονPilateAccusativeobject of ἐπίΠιλᾶτος
2

ἤρξαντο δὲ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες· τοῦτον εὕραμεν διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν καὶ κωλύοντα φόρους Καίσαρι διδόναι καὶ λέγοντα ἑαυτὸν χριστὸν βασιλέα εἶναι.

And they began to accuse him, saying, 'We found this man misleading our nation and forbidding us to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king.'

ChargesδὲThe charges are framed politically — sedition, tax-refusal, kingship.
ἤρξαντοthey beganAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive aoristmid. ἄρχομαι
δὲandconnective
κατηγορεῖνto accusePres Act Inf · κατηγορέωcomplementary infinitive→ durativeκατηγορέω (+gen)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατηγορεῖν
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
τοῦτονthis manAccusativedemonstrative objectοὗτος
εὕραμενwe foundAor Act Indic 1 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
διαστρέφονταmisleadingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · διαστρέφωobject complement→ durativeδιαστρέφω, pervert
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἔθνοςnationAccusativeobject of διαστρέφονταἔθνος
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandconnective
κωλύονταforbiddingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · κωλύωobject complement→ durativeκωλύω
φόρουςtributeAccusativeobject of διδόναιφόρος, tax
Καίσαριto CaesarDativeindirect objectΚαῖσαρ
διδόναιto givePres Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive→ durative
καὶandconnective
λέγονταsayingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · λέγωobject complement→ durative
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.ἑαυτοῦ
χριστὸνChristAccusativepredicate accusativeχριστός
βασιλέαa kingAccusativepredicate accusative (apposition)βασιλεύς
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive in indirect discourse→ durative
3

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν λέγων· σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ ἔφη· σὺ λέγεις.

And Pilate asked him, 'Are you the King of the Jews?' And he answered him, 'You say so.'

Interrogationδὲ
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
ἠρώτησενaskedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐρωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐρωτάω
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
theNominativearticle
βασιλεὺςKingNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitiveattributive genitiveἸουδαῖος
heNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲandconnective
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle→ coincident
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
ἔφηsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ durativeφημί
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
λέγειςsay soPres Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ durativequalified affirmation
4

ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος εἶπεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ τοὺς ὄχλους· οὐδὲν εὑρίσκω αἴτιον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ.

Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, 'I find no guilt in this man.'

First acquittalδὲ
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsAccusativeobject of πρόςἀρχιερεύς
καὶandconnective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλουςcrowdsAccusativeobject of πρόςὄχλος
οὐδὲνnoAccusativedirect objectοὐδείς
εὑρίσκωI findPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ durative
αἴτιονguiltAccusativeobject (substantival adj.)αἴτιος, ground for charge
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
ἀνθρώπῳmanDativeobject of ἐνἄνθρωπος
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrativeοὗτος
5

οἱ δὲ ἐπίσχυον λέγοντες ὅτι ἀνασείει τὸν λαὸν διδάσκων καθ' ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἕως ὧδε.

But they were urgent, saying, 'He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, from Galilee even to this place.'

Pressureδὲ
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲbutadversative
ἐπίσχυονwere insistentImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισχύωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπισχύω, press hard
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
ἀνασείειhe stirs upPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνασείωmain verb→ durativeἀνασείω, incite
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeobjectλαός
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωcircumstantial participle→ durative
καθ'throughoutpreposition (+gen)elided κατά
ὅληςallGenitiveattributive adjectiveὅλος
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitiveobject of κατάἸουδαία
καὶandconnective
ἀρξάμενοςbeginningAor Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἄρχωcircumstantial participle→ ingressivemid. ἄρχομαι
ἀπὸfrompreposition
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitiveobject of ἀπόΓαλιλαία
ἕωςtopreposition (+gen)
ὧδεhereadverb of place
6

Πιλᾶτος δὲ ἀκούσας ἐπηρώτησεν εἰ ὁ ἄνθρωπος Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν,

When Pilate heard this, he asked whether the man was a Galilean.

Jurisdictionδὲ
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
δὲandconnective
ἀκούσαςhearingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
ἐπηρώτησενaskedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω
εἰwhetherconjunction (indirect question)
theNominativearticle
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος
Γαλιλαῖόςa GalileanNominativepredicate nominativeΓαλιλαῖος
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
7

καὶ ἐπιγνοὺς ὅτι ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστὶν ἀνέπεμψεν αὐτὸν πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις.

And when he learned that he belonged to Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who was himself in Jerusalem in those days.

Sent to Herodκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἐπιγνοὺςlearningAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιγινώσκωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentἐπιγινώσκω
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἐκofpreposition
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ἐξουσίαςjurisdictionGenitiveobject of ἐκἐξουσία
Ἡρῴδουof HerodGenitivepossessive genitiveἩρῴδης
ἐστὶνhe isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb (content clause)→ durative
ἀνέπεμψενsent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναπέμπωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναπέμπω, remit
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
πρὸςtopreposition
ἩρῴδηνHerodAccusativeobject of πρόςἩρῴδης
ὄνταbeingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · εἰμίcircumstantial participle→ durative
καὶalsoadverbial
αὐτὸνhimselfAccusativeintensive pronoun
ἐνinpreposition
ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalemDativeobject of ἐνἹεροσόλυμα
ἐνinpreposition
ταύταιςtheseDativedemonstrativeοὗτος
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativeobject of ἐν (time)ἡμέρα
8

Ὁ δὲ Ἡρῴδης ἰδὼν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐχάρη λίαν, ἦν γὰρ ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων θέλων ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ ἀκούειν περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἤλπιζέν τι σημεῖον ἰδεῖν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γινόμενον.

When Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had long desired to see him, because he had heard about him, and he was hoping to see some sign done by him.

New unit (B)δὲ
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubjectἩρῴδης Antipas
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobjectἸησοῦς
ἐχάρηwas gladAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · χαίρωmain verb→ ingressive aoristχαίρω
λίανveryadverbλίαν
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
γὰρforexplanatory
ἐξforprepositionἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων: for a long time
ἱκανῶνconsiderableGenitiveattributive adjectiveἱκανός
χρόνωνtimesGenitiveobject of ἐκχρόνος
θέλωνwishingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · θέλωperiphrastic participle→ durative
ἰδεῖνto seeAor Act Inf · ὁράωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
διὰbecause ofpreposition (+acc)
τὸtheAccusativearticle w/ articular inf.
ἀκούεινhearingPres Act Inf · ἀκούωarticular infinitive (causal)→ durative
περὶaboutpreposition (+gen)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of περί
καὶandconnective
ἤλπιζένhe was hopingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐλπίζωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐλπίζω
τιsomeAccusativeindefinite adjectiveτις
σημεῖονsignAccusativeobject of ἰδεῖνσημεῖον
ἰδεῖνto seeAor Act Inf · ὁράωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
ὑπ'bypreposition (agent)elided ὑπό
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive of agent
γινόμενονbeing donePres Mid Ptc Acc Sg Neut · γίνομαιobject complement→ durative
9

ἐπηρώτα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ.

So he questioned him at some length, but he made him no answer.

Silenceδὲ
ἐπηρώταwas questioningImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπερωτάω
δὲsoconnective
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ἐνwithpreposition
λόγοιςwordsDativeobject of ἐνλόγος
ἱκανοῖςmanyDativeattributive adjectiveἱκανός
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic)
δὲbutadversative
οὐδὲνnothingAccusativedirect objectοὐδείς
ἀπεκρίνατοansweredAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
10

εἱστήκεισαν δὲ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς εὐτόνως κατηγοροῦντες αὐτοῦ.

The chief priests and the scribes stood by, vehemently accusing him.

Accusationδὲ
εἱστήκεισανstoodPlpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ past stativepluperfect w/ present sense
δὲandconnective
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubjectἀρχιερεύς
καὶandconnective
οἱtheNominativearticle
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubjectγραμματεύς
εὐτόνωςvehementlyadverbεὐτόνως
κατηγοροῦντεςaccusingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · κατηγορέωcircumstantial participle→ durativeκατηγορέω (+gen)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατηγοροῦντες
11

ἐξουθενήσας δὲ αὐτὸν [καὶ] ὁ Ἡρῴδης σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμπαίξας περιβαλὼν ἐσθῆτα λαμπρὰν ἀνέπεμψεν αὐτὸν τῷ Πιλάτῳ.

And Herod with his soldiers treated him with contempt and mocked him; then, arraying him in splendid clothing, he sent him back to Pilate.

Mockeryδὲ
ἐξουθενήσαςdespisingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐξουθενέωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentἐξουθενέω, treat with contempt
δὲandconnective
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
[καὶ]andconnective (bracketed)
theNominativearticle
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubjectἩρῴδης
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
στρατεύμασινsoldiersDativeobject of σύνστράτευμα, troops
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandconnective
ἐμπαίξαςmockingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐμπαίζωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentἐμπαίζω
περιβαλὼνclothingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · περιβάλλωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentπεριβάλλω, put around
ἐσθῆταclothingAccusativeobject of περιβαλὼνἐσθής
λαμπρὰνsplendidAccusativeattributive adjectiveλαμπρός, bright
ἀνέπεμψενsent backAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναπέμπωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναπέμπω
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
τῷtoDativearticle
ΠιλάτῳPilateDativeindirect objectΠιλᾶτος
12

ἐγένοντο δὲ φίλοι ὅ τε Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πιλᾶτος ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ μετ' ἀλλήλων· προϋπῆρχον γὰρ ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς αὐτούς.

And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before this they had been at enmity with each other.

Reconciliationδὲ
ἐγένοντοbecameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aorist
δὲandconnective
φίλοιfriendsNominativepredicate nominativeφίλος
theNominativearticle
τεbothcorrelative particle
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubjectἩρῴδης
καὶandconnective
theNominativearticle
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
ἐνonpreposition
αὐτῇsameDativeintensive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
ἡμέρᾳdayDativeobject of ἐν (time)ἡμέρα
μετ'withprepositionelided μετά
ἀλλήλωνone anotherGenitivereciprocal pronounἀλλήλων
προϋπῆρχονthey had previously beenImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · προϋπάρχωperiphrastic imperfect→ durativeπροϋπάρχω
γὰρforexplanatory
ἐνinpreposition
ἔχθρᾳenmityDativeobject of ἐνἔχθρα
ὄντεςbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εἰμίperiphrastic participle→ durative
πρὸςtowardpreposition
αὐτούςone anotherAccusativeobject of πρός
13

Πιλᾶτος δὲ συγκαλεσάμενος τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ τὸν λαὸν

Pilate then called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

New unit (C)δὲ
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
δὲthenconnective
συγκαλεσάμενοςcalling togetherAor Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · συγκαλέωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentmid. συγκαλέομαι
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsAccusativeobjectἀρχιερεύς
καὶandconnective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἄρχονταςrulersAccusativeobjectἄρχων
καὶandconnective
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeobjectλαός
14

εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ἀνακρίνας οὐθὲν εὗρον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ αἴτιον ὧν κατηγορεῖτε κατ' αὐτοῦ.

and said to them, 'You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people. And behold, having examined him before you, I did not find this man guilty of any of your charges against him.

Third acquittalasyndeton
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
προσηνέγκατέyou broughtAor Act Indic 2 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσφέρω
μοιto meDativeindirect object
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativedirect objectἄνθρωπος
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrativeοὗτος
ὡςascomparative particle
ἀποστρέφονταmisleadingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἀποστρέφωobject complement→ durativeἀποστρέφω, turn away
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λαόνpeopleAccusativeobjectλαός
καὶandconnective
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic)
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition (+gen)ἐνώπιον
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
ἀνακρίναςexaminingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀνακρίνωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentἀνακρίνω, interrogate
οὐθὲνnothingAccusativedirect objectοὐθείς (= οὐδείς)
εὗρονI foundAor Act Indic 1 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
ἀνθρώπῳmanDativeobject of ἐνἄνθρωπος
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrativeοὗτος
αἴτιονguiltAccusativepredicate accusativeαἴτιος
ὧνof whichGenitiverelative (genitive by attraction)ὅς
κατηγορεῖτεyou accusePres Act Indic 2 Pl · κατηγορέωrelative-clause verb→ durative
κατ'againstprepositionelided κατά
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατά
15

ἀλλ' οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης, ἀνέπεμψεν γὰρ αὐτὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ·

Neither did Herod, for he sent him back to us. Look, nothing deserving death has been done by him.

Herod's verdictἀλλ'
ἀλλ'butadversativeelided ἀλλά
οὐδὲneithernegative conjunction
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubject (ellipsis)Ἡρῴδης
ἀνέπεμψενsent backAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναπέμπωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναπέμπω
γὰρforexplanatory
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
πρὸςtopreposition
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of πρός
καὶandconnective
ἰδοὺlookpresentative particle
οὐδὲνnothingNominativesubjectοὐδείς
ἄξιονdeservingNominativeattributive adjectiveἄξιος (+gen)
θανάτουof deathGenitivegenitive of valueθάνατος
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic perfect (w/ ptc.)→ durative
πεπραγμένονdonePerf Pass Ptc Nom Sg Neut · πράσσωperiphrastic participle→ resultative perfectπράσσω
αὐτῷby himDativedative of agent
16

παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν ἀπολύσω.

I will therefore punish him and release him.'

Compromiseοὖνv.17 is omitted by the critical text (a later harmonization); the numbering skips to 18.
παιδεύσαςpunishingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · παιδεύωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentπαιδεύω, discipline/scourge
οὖνthereforeinferential particle
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ἀπολύσωI will releaseFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπολύωmain verb→ predictive futureἀπολύω
18

ἀνέκραγον δὲ παμπληθεὶ λέγοντες· αἶρε τοῦτον, ἀπόλυσον δὲ ἡμῖν τὸν Βαραββᾶν·

But they all cried out together, 'Away with this man, and release to us Barabbas'—

Demandδὲ
ἀνέκραγονcried outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀνακράζωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀνακράζω
δὲbutadversative
παμπληθεὶall togetheradverbπαμπληθεί; NT hapax
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
αἶρεaway withPres Act Impv 2 Sg · αἴρωimperative→ durativeαἶρε τοῦτον: 'take him away'
τοῦτονthis manAccusativeobjectοὗτος
ἀπόλυσονreleaseAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀπολύωimperative→ ingressive aoristἀπολύω
δὲandconnective
ἡμῖνto usDativeindirect object
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΒαραββᾶνBarabbasAccusativeobjectΒαραββᾶς
19

ὅστις ἦν διὰ στάσιν τινὰ γενομένην ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ φόνον βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ.

a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection started in the city and for murder.

Barabbas describedasyndeton
ὅστιςwhoNominativerelative pronounὅστις
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
διὰforpreposition (+acc, causal)
στάσινinsurrectionAccusativeobject of διάστάσις, revolt
τινὰa certainAccusativeindefinite adjectiveτις
γενομένηνthat aroseAor Mid Ptc Acc Sg Fem · γίνομαιattributive participle→ antecedent
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
πόλειcityDativeobject of ἐνπόλις
καὶandconnective
φόνονmurderAccusativeobject of διάφόνος
βληθεὶςhaving been thrownAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · βάλλωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἦν)→ constative aorist
ἐνinpreposition
τῇtheDativearticle
φυλακῇprisonDativeobject of ἐνφυλακή
20

πάλιν δὲ ὁ Πιλᾶτος προσεφώνησεν αὐτοῖς θέλων ἀπολῦσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν.

Pilate addressed them once more, desiring to release Jesus,

Pilate's appealδὲ
πάλινagainadverb
δὲandconnective
theNominativearticle
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
προσεφώνησενcalled outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφωνέωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσφωνέω (+dat)
αὐτοῖςto themDativeobject
θέλωνwishingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · θέλωcircumstantial participle→ durative
ἀπολῦσαιto releaseAor Act Inf · ἀπολύωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aorist
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobjectἸησοῦς
21

οἱ δὲ ἐπεφώνουν λέγοντες· σταύρου σταύρου αὐτόν.

but they kept shouting, 'Crucify, crucify him!'

Crowd's cryδὲ
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲbutadversative
ἐπεφώνουνkept shoutingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιφωνέωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπιφωνέω
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
σταύρουcrucifyPres Act Impv 2 Sg · σταυρόωimperative→ durativeσταυρόω; repeated for intensity
σταύρουcrucifyPres Act Impv 2 Sg · σταυρόωimperative (repeated)→ durative
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
22

ὁ δὲ τρίτον εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν οὗτος; οὐδὲν αἴτιον θανάτου εὗρον ἐν αὐτῷ· παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν ἀπολύσω.

A third time he said to them, 'Why? What evil has he done? I have found in him no guilt deserving death. I will therefore punish him and release him.'

Third acquittalδὲPilate declares Jesus innocent a third time.
heNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲandconnective
τρίτονa third timeadverbial accusativeτρίτος
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative objectτίς
γὰρwhyexplanatory particle
κακὸνevilAccusativedirect objectκακός
ἐποίησενhas doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aorist
οὗτοςthis manNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος
οὐδὲνnoAccusativedirect objectοὐδείς
αἴτιονguiltAccusativepredicate accusativeαἴτιος
θανάτουof deathGenitivegenitive of valueθάνατος
εὗρονI foundAor Act Indic 1 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνinpreposition
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἐν
παιδεύσαςpunishingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · παιδεύωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentπαιδεύω
οὖνthereforeinferential particle
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ἀπολύσωI will releaseFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπολύωmain verb→ predictive future
23

οἱ δὲ ἐπέκειντο φωναῖς μεγάλαις αἰτούμενοι αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι, καὶ κατίσχυον αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν.

But they were urgent, demanding with loud cries that he be crucified. And their voices prevailed.

Crowd prevailsδὲ
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun
δὲbutadversative
ἐπέκειντοwere insistentImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπίκειμαιmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπίκειμαι, press upon
φωναῖςwith voicesDativedative of meansφωνή
μεγάλαιςloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας
αἰτούμενοιdemandingPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · αἰτέωcircumstantial participle→ durativemid. αἰτέομαι
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.
σταυρωθῆναιto be crucifiedAor Pass Inf · σταυρόωinfinitive (content of request)→ constative aoristσταυρόω
καὶandconnective
κατίσχυονprevailedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κατισχύωmain verb→ durative imperfectκατισχύω
αἱtheNominativearticle
φωναὶvoicesNominativesubjectφωνή
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
24

καὶ Πιλᾶτος ἐπέκρινεν γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν·

So Pilate decided that their demand should be granted.

Sentenceκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ΠιλᾶτοςPilateNominativesubjectΠιλᾶτος
ἐπέκρινενdecidedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικρίνωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπικρίνω, decree; NT hapax
γενέσθαιto be doneAor Mid Inf · γίνομαιinfinitive in indirect discourse→ constative aorist
τὸtheAccusativearticle
αἴτημαdemandAccusativeaccusative subject of inf.αἴτημα, request
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
25

ἀπέλυσεν δὲ τὸν διὰ στάσιν καὶ φόνον βεβλημένον εἰς φυλακὴν ὃν ᾐτοῦντο, τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν.

He released the man who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, for whom they asked, but he delivered Jesus over to their will.

HandoverδὲThe terrible exchange: the murderer freed, the innocent given to their will.
ἀπέλυσενhe releasedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπολύωmain verb→ constative aorist
δὲandconnective
τὸνthe oneAccusativearticle
διὰforpreposition (causal)
στάσινinsurrectionAccusativeobject of διάστάσις
καὶandconnective
φόνονmurderAccusativeobject of διάφόνος
βεβλημένονwho had been thrownPerf Pass Ptc Acc Sg Masc · βάλλωsubstantival participle→ resultative perfect
εἰςintopreposition
φυλακὴνprisonAccusativeobject of εἰςφυλακή
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronounὅς
ᾐτοῦντοthey asked forImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · αἰτέωrelative-clause verb→ durative imperfectmid. αἰτέομαι
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
δὲbutadversative
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobjectἸησοῦς
παρέδωκενhe deliveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristπαραδίδωμι
τῷto theDativearticle
θελήματιwillDativeindirect objectθέλημα
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
26

Καὶ ὡς ἀπήγαγον αὐτόν, ἐπιλαβόμενοι Σίμωνά τινα Κυρηναῖον ἐρχόμενον ἀπ' ἀγροῦ ἐπέθηκαν αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν φέρειν ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

And as they led him away, they seized one Simon of Cyrene, coming in from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it behind Jesus.

New unit (D)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
ὡςastemporal conjunction
ἀπήγαγονthey led awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπάγωsubordinate verb→ constative aoristἀπάγω
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
ἐπιλαβόμενοιseizingAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιλαμβάνομαιattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentἐπιλαμβάνομαι (+gen)
ΣίμωνάSimonAccusativeobjectΣίμων
τιναa certainAccusativeindefinite adjectiveτις
Κυρηναῖονof CyreneAccusativeappositiveΚυρηναῖος
ἐρχόμενονcomingPres Mid Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιattributive participle→ durativedeponent
ἀπ'fromprepositionelided ἀπό
ἀγροῦthe countryGenitiveobject of ἀπόἀγρός
ἐπέθηκανlaid onAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
σταυρὸνcrossAccusativedirect objectσταυρός
φέρεινto carryPres Act Inf · φέρωinfinitive of purpose→ durative
ὄπισθενbehindimproper preposition (+gen)ὄπισθεν
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveobject of ὄπισθενἸησοῦς
27

Ἠκολούθει δὲ αὐτῷ πολὺ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ γυναικῶν αἳ ἐκόπτοντο καὶ ἐθρήνουν αὐτόν.

And there followed him a great multitude of the people and of women who were mourning and lamenting for him.

Mourning womenδὲ
Ἠκολούθειwas followingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ durative imperfectἀκολουθέω (+dat)
δὲandconnective
αὐτῷhimDativeobject
πολὺgreatNominativeattributive adjectiveπολύς
πλῆθοςmultitudeNominativesubjectπλῆθος
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
λαοῦpeopleGenitivepartitive genitiveλαός
καὶandconnective
γυναικῶνof womenGenitivepartitive genitiveγυνή
αἳwhoNominativerelative pronounὅς
ἐκόπτοντοwere mourningImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · κόπτωrelative-clause verb→ durative imperfectmid. κόπτομαι, beat the breast
καὶandconnective
ἐθρήνουνwere lamentingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · θρηνέωrelative-clause verb→ durative imperfectθρηνέω
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject
28

στραφεὶς δὲ πρὸς αὐτὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ, μὴ κλαίετε ἐπ' ἐμέ· πλὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν,

But turning to them Jesus said, 'Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

Warningδὲ
στραφεὶςturningAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · στρέφωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentστρέφομαι
δὲbutconnective
πρὸςtopreposition
αὐτὰςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
θυγατέρεςdaughtersVocativevocative of addressθυγάτηρ
Ἰερουσαλήμof JerusalemGenitiveattributive genitive (indeclinable)Ἰερουσαλήμ
μὴnotnegative
κλαίετεweepPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κλαίωprohibitive imperative→ durativeκλαίω
ἐπ'forprepositionelided ἐπί
ἐμέmeAccusativeobject of ἐπί
πλὴνbutadversativeπλήν
ἐφ'forprepositionelided ἐπί
ἑαυτὰςyourselvesAccusativereflexive objectἑαυτοῦ
κλαίετεweepPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κλαίωimperative→ durative
καὶandconnective
ἐπὶforpreposition
τὰtheAccusativearticle
τέκναchildrenAccusativeobject of ἐπίτέκνον
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
29

ὅτι ἰδοὺ ἔρχονται ἡμέραι ἐν αἷς ἐροῦσιν· μακάριαι αἱ στεῖραι καὶ αἱ κοιλίαι αἳ οὐκ ἐγέννησαν καὶ μαστοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἔθρεψαν.

For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!'

Coming judgmentὅτι
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
ἔρχονταιare comingPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ futuristic presentdeponent
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubjectἡμέρα
ἐνinpreposition
αἷςwhichDativerelative pronounὅς
ἐροῦσινthey will sayFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωrelative-clause verb→ predictive future
μακάριαιblessedNominativepredicate adjectiveμακάριος
αἱtheNominativearticle
στεῖραιbarrenNominativesubstantival adjective (subject)στεῖρα
καὶandconnective
αἱtheNominativearticle
κοιλίαιwombsNominativesubjectκοιλία
αἳthatNominativerelative pronounὅς
οὐκnotnegative
ἐγέννησανboreAor Act Indic 3 Pl · γεννάωrelative-clause verb→ constative aoristγεννάω
καὶandconnective
μαστοὶbreastsNominativesubjectμαστός
οἳthatNominativerelative pronounὅς
οὐκnotnegative
ἔθρεψανnursedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · τρέφωrelative-clause verb→ constative aoristτρέφω, nourish
30

τότε ἄρξονται λέγειν τοῖς ὄρεσιν· πέσετε ἐφ' ἡμᾶς, καὶ τοῖς βουνοῖς· καλύψατε ἡμᾶς·

Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us,' and to the hills, 'Cover us.'

Coming judgment (Hos 10:8)asyndeton
τότεthenadverb
ἄρξονταιthey will beginFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive futuremid. ἄρχομαι
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ durative
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ὄρεσινmountainsDativeindirect objectὄρος
πέσετεfallAor Act Impv 2 Pl · πίπτωimperative→ ingressive aoristHos 10:8
ἐφ'onprepositionelided ἐπί
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of ἐπί
καὶandconnective
τοῖςto theDativearticle
βουνοῖςhillsDativeindirect objectβουνός
καλύψατεcoverAor Act Impv 2 Pl · καλύπτωimperative→ ingressive aoristκαλύπτω
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject
31

ὅτι εἰ ἐν τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται;

For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?

ProverbὅτιA proverb: if the innocent suffer thus, how much more the guilty.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
εἰifconditional conjunction
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
ὑγρῷgreenDativeattributive adjectiveὑγρός, moist
ξύλῳwoodDativeobject of ἐνξύλον
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
ποιοῦσινthey doPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωverb of condition→ durativeimpersonal 'they'
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
ξηρῷdryDativesubstantival adjectiveξηρός
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative subjectτίς
γένηταιwill happenAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιdeliberative subjunctive→ constative aorist
32

Ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο σὺν αὐτῷ ἀναιρεθῆναι.

Two others, who were criminals, were also led away to be put to death with him.

New unit (E)δὲ
Ἤγοντοwere being ledImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἄγωmain verb→ durative imperfectἄγω
δὲandconnective
καὶalsoadverbial
ἕτεροιothersNominativesubjectἕτερος
κακοῦργοιcriminalsNominativeappositionκακοῦργος, evildoer
δύοtwoNominativecardinal (indeclinable) modifierδύο
σὺνwithpreposition (+dat)
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of σύν
ἀναιρεθῆναιto be executedAor Pass Inf · ἀναιρέωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristἀναιρέω
33

καὶ ὅτε ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τὸν καλούμενον Κρανίον, ἐκεῖ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς κακούργους, ὃν μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν ὃν δὲ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν.

And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, one on his right and one on his left.

Crucifixionκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιsubordinate verb→ constative aorist
ἐπὶtopreposition (+acc)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of ἐπίτόπος
τὸνthe oneAccusativearticle
καλούμενονcalledPres Pass Ptc Acc Sg Masc · καλέωattributive participle→ durative
ΚρανίονSkullAccusativepredicate (apposition)κρανίον; 'Calvary'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place
ἐσταύρωσανthey crucifiedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · σταυρόωmain verb→ constative aoristσταυρόω
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
καὶandconnective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
κακούργουςcriminalsAccusativeobjectκακοῦργος
ὃνoneAccusativerelative/demonstrativeὃν μέν...ὃν δέ: one...the other
μὲνon the one handcorrelative particle
ἐκonprepositionἐκ δεξιῶν: on the right
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveobject of ἐκδεξιός
ὃνthe otherAccusativerelative/demonstrativeὅς
δὲon the othercorrelative particle
ἐξonpreposition
ἀριστερῶνleftGenitiveobject of ἐκἀριστερός
34

⟦ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγεν· πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς, οὐ γὰρ οἴδασιν τί ποιοῦσιν.⟧ διαμεριζόμενοι δὲ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἔβαλον κλήρους.

And Jesus said, 'Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.' And they cast lots to divide his garments.

Forgiveness (34a bracketed)δὲv.34a (the word of forgiveness) is double-bracketed as disputed (absent from P75 א¹ B D*); included and flagged. The lot-casting echoes Ps 22:18.
⟦ὁtheNominativearticle (opens bracketed text)
δὲandconnective
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς
ἔλεγενwas sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (bracketed)→ durative imperfectiterative imperfect
πάτερFatherVocativevocative of addressπατήρ
ἄφεςforgiveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀφίημιimperative→ ingressive aoristἀφίημι (+dat)
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
οὐnotnegative
γὰρforexplanatory
οἴδασινthey knowPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · οἶδαmain verb→ stative perfectοἶδα
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative objectτίς
ποιοῦσινthey are doingPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωrelative-clause verb→ durative⟧ closes the bracketed text
διαμεριζόμενοιdividingPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · διαμερίζωcircumstantial participle→ durativeδιαμερίζω
δὲandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativeobjectἱμάτιον
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
ἔβαλονthey castAor Act Indic 3 Pl · βάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristPs 22:18
κλήρουςlotsAccusativeobjectκλῆρος
35

Καὶ εἱστήκει ὁ λαὸς θεωρῶν. ἐξεμυκτήριζον δὲ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες λέγοντες· ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, σωσάτω ἑαυτόν, εἰ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ ἐκλεκτός.

And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, 'He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!'

Mockery (rulers)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
εἱστήκειstoodPlpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ past stative
theNominativearticle
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubjectλαός
θεωρῶνwatchingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · θεωρέωcircumstantial participle→ durative
ἐξεμυκτήριζονwere scoffingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκμυκτηρίζωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐκμυκτηρίζω, sneer; Ps 22:7
δὲbutadversative
καὶalsoadverbial
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄρχοντεςrulersNominativesubjectἄρχων
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
ἄλλουςothersAccusativeobjectἄλλος
ἔσωσενhe savedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ constative aoristσῴζω
σωσάτωlet him saveAor Act Impv 3 Sg · σῴζωimperative→ ingressive aorist
ἑαυτόνhimselfAccusativereflexive objectἑαυτοῦ
εἰifconditional conjunction
οὗτόςthis manNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
theNominativearticle
χριστὸςChristNominativepredicate nominativeχριστός
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός
theNominativearticle
ἐκλεκτόςChosen OneNominativeappositionἐκλεκτός; Isa 42:1
36

ἐνέπαιξαν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται προσερχόμενοι, ὄξος προσφέροντες αὐτῷ

The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine

Mockery (soldiers)δὲ
ἐνέπαιξανmockedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμπαίζωmain verb→ constative aoristἐμπαίζω (+dat)
δὲandconnective
αὐτῷhimDativeobject
καὶalsoadverbial
οἱtheNominativearticle
στρατιῶταιsoldiersNominativesubjectστρατιώτης
προσερχόμενοιcoming upPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · προσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle→ durativedeponent
ὄξοςsour wineAccusativeobjectὄξος; Ps 69:21
προσφέροντεςofferingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · προσφέρωcircumstantial participle→ durative
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
37

καὶ λέγοντες· εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, σῶσον σεαυτόν.

and saying, 'If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!'

Mockeryκαὶ
καὶandconnective
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
εἰifconditional conjunction
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίverb of condition→ durative
theNominativearticle
βασιλεὺςKingNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitiveattributive genitiveἸουδαῖος
σῶσονsaveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · σῴζωimperative→ ingressive aorist
σεαυτόνyourselfAccusativereflexive objectσεαυτοῦ
38

ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ' αὐτῷ· ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος.

There was also an inscription over him: 'This is the King of the Jews.'

The inscriptionδὲ
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
δὲandconnective
καὶalsoadverbial
ἐπιγραφὴan inscriptionNominativesubjectἐπιγραφή, titulus
ἐπ'overpreposition (+dat)elided ἐπί
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἐπί
theNominativearticle
βασιλεὺςKingNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitiveattributive genitiveἸουδαῖος
οὗτοςthis isNominativedemonstrative (predicate)οὗτος
39

Εἷς δὲ τῶν κρεμασθέντων κακούργων ἐβλασφήμει αὐτὸν λέγων· οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός; σῶσον σεαυτὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς.

One of the criminals who were hanged railed at him, saying, 'Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!'

New unit (F)δὲ
ΕἷςoneNominativenumeral subjectεἷς
δὲandconnective
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
κρεμασθέντωνwho were hangedAor Pass Ptc Gen Pl Masc · κρεμάννυμιattributive participle (partitive)→ constative aoristκρεμάννυμι
κακούργωνcriminalsGenitivepartitive genitiveκακοῦργος
ἐβλασφήμειwas revilingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · βλασφημέωmain verb→ durative imperfectβλασφημέω
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
οὐχὶnotinterrogative negative
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
theNominativearticle
χριστόςChristNominativepredicate nominativeχριστός
σῶσονsaveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · σῴζωimperative→ ingressive aorist
σεαυτὸνyourselfAccusativereflexive objectσεαυτοῦ
καὶandconnective
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject
40

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἕτερος ἐπιτιμῶν αὐτῷ ἔφη· οὐδὲ φοβῇ σὺ τὸν θεόν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι εἶ;

But the other rebuked him, saying, 'Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation?

The other criminalδὲ
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle→ coincident
δὲbutadversative
theNominativearticle
ἕτεροςotherNominativesubjectἕτερος
ἐπιτιμῶνrebukingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιτιμάωcircumstantial participle→ durativeἐπιτιμάω (+dat)
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἐπιτιμῶν
ἔφηsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ durative
οὐδὲnot evennegative conjunction
φοβῇdo you fearPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · φοβέομαιmain verb→ durativedeponent φοβέομαι
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεόνGodAccusativeobjectθεός
ὅτιsincecausal conjunction
ἐνunderpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
αὐτῷsameDativeintensive adjective
κρίματιsentenceDativeobject of ἐνκρίμα, judgment
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative
41

καὶ ἡμεῖς μὲν δικαίως, ἄξια γὰρ ὧν ἐπράξαμεν ἀπολαμβάνομεν· οὗτος δὲ οὐδὲν ἄτοπον ἔπραξεν.

And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.'

Confessionκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic)
μὲνindeedcorrelative particle (μέν...δέ)
δικαίωςjustlyadverbδικαίως
ἄξιαworthy thingsAccusativeobjectἄξιος
γὰρforexplanatory
ὧνof whatGenitiverelative (gen. by attraction)ὅς
ἐπράξαμενwe didAor Act Indic 1 Pl · πράσσωrelative-clause verb→ constative aoristπράσσω
ἀπολαμβάνομενwe receivePres Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀπολαμβάνωmain verb→ durativeἀπολαμβάνω
οὗτοςthis manNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος
δὲbutadversative
οὐδὲνnothingAccusativeobjectοὐδείς
ἄτοπονwrongAccusativeattributive adjectiveἄτοπος, improper
ἔπραξενhas doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πράσσωmain verb→ constative aorist
42

καὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἰησοῦ, μνήσθητί μου ὅταν ἔλθῃς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν σου.

And he said, 'Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.'

Pleaκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἔλεγενhe saidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ durative imperfect
ἸησοῦJesusVocativevocative of addressἸησοῦς
μνήσθητίrememberAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · μιμνῄσκομαιimperative→ ingressive aoristμιμνῄσκομαι (+gen)
μουmeGenitiveobject of μνήσθητι
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction
ἔλθῃςyou comeAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἔρχομαιsubjunctive (temporal)→ constative aorist
εἰςintopreposition
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
43

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ἀμήν σοι λέγω, σήμερον μετ' ἐμοῦ ἔσῃ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ.

And he said to him, 'Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.'

PromiseκαὶThe promise of Paradise 'today.'
καὶandconnective
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ἀμήνtrulyparticle of asseverationἀμήν; Hebrew loanword
σοιto youDativeindirect object
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ durative
σήμερονtodayadverbσήμερον; emphatic position
μετ'withprepositionelided μετά
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετά
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ predictive future
ἐνinpreposition
τῷtheDativearticle
παραδείσῳParadiseDativeobject of ἐνπαράδεισος; Persian loanword
44

Καὶ ἦν ἤδη ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ' ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης

It was now about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour,

New unit (G)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
ἤδηnowadverb
ὡσεὶaboutcomparative particle
ὥραhourNominativesubjectὥρα
ἕκτηsixthNominativeordinal adjectiveἕκτος; noon
καὶandconnective
σκότοςdarknessNominativesubjectσκότος
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aorist
ἐφ'overprepositionelided ἐπί
ὅληνwholeAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνlandAccusativeobject of ἐπίγῆ
ἕωςuntilpreposition (+gen)
ὥραςhourGenitiveobject of ἕωςὥρα
ἐνάτηςninthGenitiveordinal adjectiveἔνατος; 3 p.m.
45

τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλιπόντος, ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον.

while the sun's light failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two.

Signsδὲ
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἡλίουsunGenitivesubject of gen. absoluteἥλιος
ἐκλιπόντοςfailingAor Act Ptc Gen Sg Masc · ἐκλείπωgenitive absolute→ constative aoristἐκλείπω, give out
ἐσχίσθηwas tornAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σχίζωmain verb→ constative aoristσχίζω; divine passive
δὲandconnective
τὸtheNominativearticle
καταπέτασμαcurtainNominativesubjectκαταπέτασμα, temple veil
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ναοῦtempleGenitivepossessive genitiveναός, sanctuary
μέσονin the middleAccusativeadverbial accusativeμέσος
46

καὶ φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· πάτερ, εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου. τοῦτο δὲ εἰπὼν ἐξέπνευσεν.

Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, 'Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!' And having said this he breathed his last.

DeathκαὶThe dying word is a prayer of trust (Ps 31:5).
καὶandconnective
φωνήσαςcalling outAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · φωνέωcircumstantial participle→ antecedentφωνέω
φωνῇwith a voiceDativedative of meansφωνή
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πάτερFatherVocativevocative of addressπατήρ
εἰςintopreposition
χεῖράςhandsAccusativeobject of εἰςχείρ
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
παρατίθεμαιI commitPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · παρατίθημιmain verb→ durativemid. παρατίθεμαι, entrust; Ps 31:5
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πνεῦμάspiritAccusativedirect objectπνεῦμα
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobjectοὗτος
δὲandconnective
εἰπὼνhaving saidAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
ἐξέπνευσενhe breathed his lastAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπνέωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκπνέω, expire
47

Ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης τὸ γενόμενον ἐδόξαζεν τὸν θεὸν λέγων· ὄντως ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν.

Now when the centurion saw what had taken place, he praised God, saying, 'Certainly this man was righteous!'

Centurion's verdictδὲLuke's form: 'righteous' (cf. the political charge declared false).
ἸδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
δὲnowconnective
theNominativearticle
ἑκατοντάρχηςcenturionNominativesubjectἑκατοντάρχης
τὸthat whichAccusativearticle
γενόμενονhad happenedAor Mid Ptc Acc Sg Neut · γίνομαιsubstantival participle→ antecedent
ἐδόξαζενpraisedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · δοξάζωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectδοξάζω
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεὸνGodAccusativeobjectθεός
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ durative
ὄντωςcertainlyadverbὄντως
theNominativearticle
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrativeοὗτος
δίκαιοςrighteousNominativepredicate adjectiveδίκαιος
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative imperfect
48

καὶ πάντες οἱ συμπαραγενόμενοι ὄχλοι ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην, θεωρήσαντες τὰ γενόμενα, τύπτοντες τὰ στήθη ὑπέστρεφον.

And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home beating their breasts.

Crowds' griefκαὶ
καὶandconnective
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
οἱtheNominativearticle
συμπαραγενόμενοιwho had assembledAor Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · συμπαραγίνομαιattributive participle→ antecedentσυμπαραγίνομαι
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος
ἐπὶforpreposition (+acc)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θεωρίανspectacleAccusativeobject of ἐπίθεωρία; NT hapax
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrativeοὗτος
θεωρήσαντεςseeingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · θεωρέωcircumstantial participle→ antecedent
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle
γενόμεναthat happenedAor Mid Ptc Acc Pl Neut · γίνομαιsubstantival participle→ antecedent
τύπτοντεςbeatingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · τύπτωcircumstantial participle→ durativeτύπτω; sign of grief
τὰtheAccusativearticle
στήθηbreastsAccusativeobjectστῆθος
ὑπέστρεφονwere returningImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ durative imperfectὑποστρέφω
49

εἱστήκεισαν δὲ πάντες οἱ γνωστοὶ αὐτῷ ἀπὸ μακρόθεν καὶ γυναῖκες αἱ συνακολουθοῦσαι αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁρῶσαι ταῦτα.

And all his acquaintances and the women who had followed him from Galilee stood at a distance, watching these things.

Witnessesδὲ
εἱστήκεισανstoodPlpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ past stative
δὲandconnective
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς
οἱtheNominativearticle
γνωστοὶacquaintancesNominativesubjectγνωστός
αὐτῷto himDativedative of relation
ἀπὸfromprepositionἀπὸ μακρόθεν: at a distance
μακρόθενafaradverbμακρόθεν
καὶandconnective
γυναῖκεςwomenNominativesubjectγυνή
αἱwhoNominativearticle
συνακολουθοῦσαιhad followed withPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · συνακολουθέωattributive participle→ durativeσυνακολουθέω (+dat)
αὐτῷhimDativeobject
ἀπὸfrompreposition
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitiveobject of ἀπόΓαλιλαία
ὁρῶσαιwatchingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · ὁράωcircumstantial participle→ durative
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobjectοὗτος
50

Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι Ἰωσὴφ βουλευτὴς ὑπάρχων [καὶ] ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιος

Now there was a man named Joseph, who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man,

New unit (H)καὶ
Καὶandconnective
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubjectἀνήρ
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of respectὄνομα
ἸωσὴφJosephNominativeappositionἸωσήφ
βουλευτὴςcouncillorNominativepredicate (apposition)βουλευτής, council member
ὑπάρχωνbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὑπάρχωcircumstantial participle→ durativeὑπάρχω, be
[καὶ]andconnective (bracketed)
ἀνὴρa manNominativeappositionἀνήρ
ἀγαθὸςgoodNominativeattributive adjectiveἀγαθός
καὶandconnective
δίκαιοςrighteousNominativeattributive adjectiveδίκαιος
51

— οὗτος οὐκ ἦν συγκατατεθειμένος τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῇ πράξει αὐτῶν — ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας πόλεως τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὃς προσεδέχετο τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ,

who had not consented to their decision and action; and he was from Arimathea, a town of the Jews, and he was waiting for the kingdom of God.

Joseph describedasyndeton
οὗτοςthis manNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος
οὐκnotnegative
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic pluperfect→ durative
συγκατατεθειμένοςhaving consentedPerf Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · συγκατατίθημιperiphrastic participle→ resultative perfectmid. συγκατατίθεμαι, agree with
τῇtheDativearticle
βουλῇdecisionDativeobject of συγκατατεθειμένοςβουλή, counsel
καὶandconnective
τῇtheDativearticle
πράξειactionDativeobjectπρᾶξις
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἀπὸfrompreposition
ἉριμαθαίαςArimatheaGenitiveobject of ἀπόἉριμαθαία
πόλεωςa cityGenitiveappositionπόλις
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitiveattributive genitiveἸουδαῖος
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronounὅς
προσεδέχετοwas waiting forImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσδέχομαιrelative-clause verb→ durative imperfectπροσδέχομαι, await
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobjectβασιλεία
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός
52

οὗτος προσελθὼν τῷ Πιλάτῳ ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ

This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.

Requestasyndeton
οὗτοςthis manNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος
προσελθὼνapproachingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · προσέρχομαιattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentπροσέρχομαι (+dat)
τῷtoDativearticle
ΠιλάτῳPilateDativeobject of προσελθὼνΠιλᾶτος
ᾐτήσατοasked forAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · αἰτέωmain verb→ constative aoristmid. αἰτέομαι
τὸtheAccusativearticle
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect objectσῶμα
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἸησοῦJesusGenitivepossessive genitiveἸησοῦς
53

καὶ καθελὼν ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι καὶ ἔθηκεν αὐτὸν ἐν μνήματι λαξευτῷ οὗ οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς οὔπω κείμενος.

Then he took it down and wrapped it in a linen shroud and laid him in a tomb cut in stone, where no one had ever yet been laid.

Burialκαὶ
καὶandconnective
καθελὼνtaking downAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · καθαιρέωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentκαθαιρέω
ἐνετύλιξενwrappedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐντυλίσσωmain verb→ constative aoristἐντυλίσσω
αὐτὸitAccusativeobject
σινδόνιin linenDativedative of meansσινδών, fine linen
καὶandconnective
ἔθηκενlaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιmain verb→ constative aoristτίθημι
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject
ἐνinpreposition
μνήματιa tombDativeobject of ἐνμνῆμα
λαξευτῷrock-hewnDativeattributive adjectiveλαξευτός; NT hapax
οὗwhererelative adverb
οὐκnotnegative
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίperiphrastic imperfect→ durative
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubjectοὐδείς
οὔπωnot yetadverbοὔπω
κείμενοςlyingPres Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · κεῖμαιperiphrastic participle→ durativeκεῖμαι
54

καὶ ἡμέρα ἦν παρασκευῆς καὶ σάββατον ἐπέφωσκεν.

It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning.

Time noteκαὶ
καὶandconnective
ἡμέραdayNominativesubjectἡμέρα
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ durative imperfect
παρασκευῆςof PreparationGenitiveattributive genitiveπαρασκευή, Friday
καὶandconnective
σάββατονSabbathNominativesubjectσάββατον
ἐπέφωσκενwas dawningImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιφώσκωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἐπιφώσκω, draw on
55

Κατακολουθήσασαι δὲ αἱ γυναῖκες, αἵτινες ἦσαν συνεληλυθυῖαι ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας αὐτῷ, ἐθεάσαντο τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ ὡς ἐτέθη τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ,

The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.

The women seeδὲ
Κατακολουθήσασαιfollowing afterAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · κατακολουθέωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentκατακολουθέω
δὲandconnective
αἱtheNominativearticle
γυναῖκεςwomenNominativesubjectγυνή
αἵτινεςwhoNominativerelative pronounὅστις
ἦσανhadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίperiphrastic pluperfect→ durative
συνεληλυθυῖαιcome withPerf Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · συνέρχομαιperiphrastic participle→ resultative perfectσυνέρχομαι
ἐκfrompreposition
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitiveobject of ἐκΓαλιλαία
αὐτῷwith himDativeassociation dative
ἐθεάσαντοbeheldAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · θεάομαιmain verb→ constative aoristdeponent θεάομαι
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μνημεῖονtombAccusativeobjectμνημεῖον
καὶandconnective
ὡςhowconjunction
ἐτέθηwas laidAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιsubordinate verb→ constative aorist
τὸtheNominativearticle
σῶμαbodyNominativesubjectσῶμα
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
56

ὑποστρέψασαι δὲ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα καὶ μύρα. Καὶ τὸ μὲν σάββατον ἡσύχασαν κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν.

Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

Preparation & restδὲ
ὑποστρέψασαιreturningAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Fem · ὑποστρέφωattendant-circumstance participle→ antecedentὑποστρέφω
δὲandconnective
ἡτοίμασανpreparedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω
ἀρώματαspicesAccusativedirect objectἄρωμα
καὶandconnective
μύραointmentsAccusativedirect objectμύρον
Καὶandconnective
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μὲνon the one handparticle
σάββατονSabbathAccusativeadverbial accusative (time)σάββατον
ἡσύχασανthey restedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἡσυχάζωmain verb→ constative aoristἡσυχάζω
κατὰaccording topreposition (+acc)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐντολήνcommandmentAccusativeobject of κατάἐντολή; Ex 20:10