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The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 1ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἀρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ [υἱοῦ θεοῦ].

The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Title / headingasyndetonA verbless superscription titling the whole book. The bracketed υἱοῦ θεοῦ is text-critically disputed (absent from Sinaiticus*, present in most witnesses) yet frames the Gospel with 15:39.
ἈρχὴbeginningNominativeheading nominative (titular)ἀρχή: 'beginning'; titles the book, echoing Gen 1:1 LXX (ἐν ἀρχῇ).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveattributive/objective genitiveεὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; in Mark both the message about Jesus and the one Jesus proclaims (v.14).
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitivegenitive (subjective/objective; debated)Ἰησοῦς: the name; the gospel both about and from Jesus.
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition (name-title)Χριστός: 'Anointed,' Messiah; with Ἰησοῦ as a double name.
υἱοῦSonGenitiveapposition (bracketed)υἱός: 'Son'; Mark's framing title (cf. 15:39), here in disputed text.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of relationshipθεός: God; 'Son of God' brackets the Gospel.
2

Καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν τῷ Ἠσαΐᾳ τῷ προφήτῃ· Ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου, ὃς κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου·

As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: 'Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way';

Scriptural groundΚαθὼςA composite citation (Mal 3:1 + Exod 23:20) attributed to 'Isaiah the prophet' — a noted crux (Byzantine: 'in the prophets'). The perfect γέγραπται grounds John in Scripture.
Καθὼςascomparative conjunction
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (citation formula)→ intensive perfect (standing record)γράφω: 'write'; 'it stands written' is the standard citation formula.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locus)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἨσαΐᾳIsaiahDativedat. of place (in the book of)Ἠσαΐας: Isaiah; the attribution though the first line is Malachi/Exodus — a crux.
τῷtheDativearticle
προφήτῃprophetDativeapposition to Ἠσαΐᾳπροφήτης: 'prophet'; names the prophetic source.
Ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker / interjectionἰδού: 'look!'; fixed particle introducing the oracle.
ἀποστέλλωI sendPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (divine 'I')→ futuristic/performative presentἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; God sends the herald.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄγγελόνmessengerAccusativedirect objectἄγγελος: 'messenger'; the forerunner, identified with John.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (position)
προσώπουfaceGenitiveobject of πρόπρόσωπον: 'face, presence'; Semitic idiom = ahead of you.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
κατασκευάσειwill prepareFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κατασκευάζωmain verb (rel. clause)→ predictive futureκατασκευάζω: 'make ready'; the herald readies the road.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὁδόνwayAccusativedirect objectὁδός: 'way'; the 'way' motif structures Mark's journey.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
3

φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· Ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ·

a voice of one crying in the wilderness: 'Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight,'

Scriptural ground (Isa 40:3)asyndetonThe second half of the composite citation (Isa 40:3 LXX). The 'voice in the wilderness' is John; 'the Lord' whose way is prepared is, for Mark, Jesus.
φωνὴvoiceNominativenominative in apposition (to the citation)φωνή: 'voice, sound'; the herald reduced to a voice.
βοῶντοςof one cryingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · βοάωsubstantival participle (genitive)→ durative presentβοάω: 'cry out, shout'; the loud proclamation of the herald.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedat. of placeἔρημος: 'desert, wilderness'; the place of Israel's renewal and of John's ministry.
ἙτοιμάσατεprepareAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἑτοιμάζω: 'make ready'; the summons to ready the Lord's road.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὁδὸνwayAccusativedirect objectὁδός: 'way'; cf. v.2 — the Lord's road.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of possessionκύριος: 'Lord'; YHWH in Isaiah, here applied to Jesus.
εὐθείαςstraightAccusativepredicate accusative (object complement)εὐθύς (adj.): 'straight'; cf. the adverb εὐθύς ('immediately'), Mark's signature.
ποιεῖτεmakePres Act Impv 2 Pl · ποιέωimperative (command)→ durative present imperativeποιέω: 'make, do'; render the paths straight.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
τρίβουςpathsAccusativedirect objectτρίβος: 'beaten path, track'; parallel to ὁδός.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
4

ἐγένετο Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.

John came baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.

Narrative: John appearsasyndetonThe narrative proper begins. The aorist ἐγένετο ('came on the scene') fulfils the citation: John is the prophesied voice. His baptism aims at repentance and forgiveness.
ἐγένετοcame / appearedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'come to be, appear'; John steps onto the stage fulfilling Scripture.
ἸωάννηςJohnNominativesubjectἸωάννης: John (the Baptist); the prophesied herald.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
βαπτίζωνbaptizingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · βαπτίζωsubstantival/titular participle→ durative presentβαπτίζω: 'dip, baptize'; the participle becomes John's title, 'the Baptizer.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedat. of placeἔρημος: 'wilderness'; cf. v.3, the prophesied locale.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κηρύσσωνproclaimingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κηρύσσωcoordinate participle→ durative presentκηρύσσω: 'herald, proclaim'; the heraldic announcement of a king's coming.
βάπτισμαa baptismAccusativedirect object of κηρύσσωνβάπτισμα: the rite/result of baptism; its content is repentance.
μετανοίαςof repentanceGenitivegenitive of description/purposeμετάνοια: 'change of mind/turning'; the baptism enacts repentance.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)
ἄφεσινforgivenessAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ἄφεσις: 'release, forgiveness'; the aim of the repentance-baptism.
ἁμαρτιῶνof sinsGenitiveobjective genitiveἁμαρτία: 'sin'; that which is forgiven.
5

καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία χώρα καὶ οἱ Ἱεροσολυμῖται πάντες, καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ ποταμῷ ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

And all the Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him, and were being baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins.

Narrative: the crowds respondκαὶTwo imperfects (ἐξεπορεύετο, ἐβαπτίζοντο) paint the ongoing stream of penitents — a hyperbolic 'all' underscoring John's impact.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξεπορεύετοwas going outImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπορεύομαιmain verb (sing. w/ collective subj.)→ iterative/descriptive imperfectἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; the imperfect depicts the continual exodus to John.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all'; hyperbole for the throng.
theNominativearticle
ἸουδαίαJudeanNominativeattributive adjectiveἸουδαία: 'Judean'; here adjectival with χώρα.
χώραcountrysideNominativesubjectχώρα: 'region, countryside'; the Judean hinterland.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
Ἱεροσολυμῖταιpeople of JerusalemNominativesubject (coordinate)Ἱεροσολυμίτης: 'Jerusalemite'; the city's inhabitants.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐβαπτίζοντοwere being baptizedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · βαπτίζωmain verb→ iterative imperfectβαπτίζω: 'baptize'; the repeated dipping of the crowds.
ὑπ’bypreposition + genitive (agent)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveagent of passive
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἸορδάνῃJordanDativedat. of placeἸορδάνης: the Jordan; the river of John's baptism.
ποταμῷriverDativeapposition to Ἰορδάνῃποταμός: 'river'.
ἐξομολογούμενοιconfessingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐξομολογέομαιcircumstantial (concurrent) participle→ concurrent presentἐξομολογέομαι: 'confess openly' (ἐκ-intensive); the open acknowledgment of sin.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ἁμαρτίαςsinsAccusativedirect objectἁμαρτία: 'sin'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
6

καὶ ἦν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐνδεδυμένος τρίχας καμήλου καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσθων ἀκρίδας καὶ μέλι ἄγριον.

And John was clothed with camel's hair and a leather belt around his waist, and ate locusts and wild honey.

Description: John as ElijahκαὶA periphrastic imperfect (ἦν ... ἐνδεδυμένος) describes John's prophetic garb, deliberately echoing Elijah (2 Kgs 1:8) — the returning Elijah of Mal 4:5.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic w/ ptc.)→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; forms a periphrasis with ἐνδεδυμένος.
theNominativearticle
ἸωάννηςJohnNominativesubjectἸωάννης: John the Baptist.
ἐνδεδυμένοςclothedPerf Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐνδύωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἦν)→ stative perfectἐνδύω (mid.): 'put on, be clothed'; the settled state of his dress.
τρίχαςhairAccusativeaccusative of thing put onθρίξ: 'hair'; camel's-hair cloth, the prophet's rough garment.
καμήλουof a camelGenitiveattributive genitiveκάμηλος: 'camel'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ζώνηνbeltAccusativeaccusative of thing put onζώνη: 'belt, girdle'; cf. Elijah's leather belt (2 Kgs 1:8).
δερματίνηνleatherAccusativeattributive adjectiveδερμάτινος: 'made of leather/skin.'
περὶaroundpreposition + accusative (around)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὀσφὺνwaistAccusativeobject of περίὀσφῦς: 'loins, waist.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔσθωνeatingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωperiphrastic/descriptive participle→ durative presentἐσθίω: 'eat'; the wilderness diet.
ἀκρίδαςlocustsAccusativedirect objectἀκρίς: 'locust'; clean food (Lev 11:22), wilderness fare.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μέλιhoneyAccusativedirect objectμέλι: 'honey'.
ἄγριονwildAccusativeattributive adjectiveἄγριος: 'wild'; honey of the wild, not cultivated.
7

καὶ ἐκήρυσσεν λέγων· Ἔρχεται ὁ ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς κύψας λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ.

And he proclaimed: 'After me comes one mightier than I, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie.'

John's proclamation of the Coming Oneκαὶ Ἔρχεται is a historic/futuristic present — vivid announcement. John's self-abasement ('not worthy') sets the Mightier One infinitely above him.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκήρυσσενhe was proclaimingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κηρύσσωmain verb→ iterative imperfectκηρύσσω: 'herald'; the repeated proclamation.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωpleonastic ptc. of speech (Semitism)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say'; the redundant 'saying' introducing direct speech.
ἜρχεταιcomesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (historic/futuristic present)→ vivid present (imminence)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the present dramatizes the imminent advent of the Coming One.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing adj.)
ἰσχυρότερόςmightierNominativesubstantival comparative adjectiveἰσχυρός: 'strong'; comparative 'stronger/mightier' — the Coming One's superiority.
μουthan IGenitivegenitive of comparison
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive (sequence)ὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; temporal sequence — he comes after John.
μουmeGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
οὗof whomGenitiverelative pronoun (possessive gen.)
οὐκnotnegative particle
εἰμὶI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
ἱκανὸςworthyNominativepredicate adjectiveἱκανός: 'sufficient, worthy'; John not even fit for a slave's task.
κύψαςstooping downAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κύπτωcircumstantial (attendant) participle→ antecedent aoristκύπτω: 'bend down, stoop'; Mark's vivid detail (only here in the Synoptics).
λῦσαιto untieAor Act Inf · λύωcomplementary infinitive (w/ ἱκανός)→ constative aoristλύω: 'loose, untie'; loosing the sandal-thong, the lowest slave's duty.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἱμάνταstrapAccusativedirect objectἱμάς: 'thong, strap' of a sandal.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ὑποδημάτωνsandalsGenitiveattributive genitiveὑπόδημα: 'sandal' (lit. 'bound under').
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
8

ἐγὼ ἐβάπτισα ὑμᾶς ὕδατι, αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

I baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.

John's water / Spirit contrastδὲAn ἐγώ … αὐτός antithesis sets John's water-baptism against the Coming One's Spirit-baptism — the decisive eschatological gift.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, contrastive)
ἐβάπτισαbaptizedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · βαπτίζωmain verb→ constative aoristβαπτίζω: 'baptize'; John's completed water-rite.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ὕδατιwith waterDativedat. of means/instrumentὕδωρ: 'water'; the medium of John's baptism.
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic, contrastive)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
βαπτίσειwill baptizeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · βαπτίζωmain verb→ predictive futureβαπτίζω: 'baptize'; the Coming One's future Spirit-baptism.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means/sphere)
πνεύματιthe SpiritDativedat. of means (w/ ἐν)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the eschatological gift contrasted with mere water.
ἁγίῳHolyDativeattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; the Holy Spirit.
9

Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ Ναζαρὲτ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἐβαπτίσθη εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου.

And it came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by John.

Narrative: the baptism of JesusΚαὶThe Septuagintal ἐγένετο … ἦλθεν idiom opens the baptism scene. Jesus' provincial origin (Nazareth of Galilee) is quietly stated.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (LXX narrative idiom)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, come to pass'; the καὶ ἐγένετο idiom of biblical narrative.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
ἐκείναιςthoseDativeattributive demonstrative
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedat. of timeἡμέρα: 'day'; the period of John's ministry.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; Jesus' arrival at the Jordan.
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus; first appearance as actor.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ΝαζαρὲτNazarethGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)Ναζαρέτ: Nazareth, the Galilean village; indeclinable but here a source-genitive.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivepartitive/descriptive genitiveΓαλιλαία: Galilee; the northern region of Jesus' ministry.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐβαπτίσθηwas baptizedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · βαπτίζωmain verb→ constative aoristβαπτίζω: 'baptize'; Jesus submits to John's baptism.
εἰςin / intopreposition + accusative (motion-into-place)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸορδάνηνJordanAccusativeobject of εἰςἸορδάνης: the Jordan river.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agent)
ἸωάννουJohnGenitiveagent of passiveἸωάννης: John, the baptizer.
10

καὶ εὐθὺς ἀναβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος εἶδεν σχιζομένους τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ὡς περιστερὰν καταβαῖνον εἰς αὐτόν·

And immediately, coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens being torn open and the Spirit descending upon him like a dove.

Narrative: heavens torn, Spirit descendsκαὶThe first εὐθύς ('immediately'). σχιζομένους ('being torn') is violent (cf. 15:38) — the heavens ripped open; the Spirit descends dove-like.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once, immediately'; Mark's hallmark adverb driving the pace.
ἀναβαίνωνcoming upPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναβαίνωtemporal participle→ concurrent presentἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; Jesus rising from the water.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ὕδατοςwaterGenitiveobject of ἐκὕδωρ: 'water'; the Jordan.
εἶδενhe sawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the vision is Jesus' own (Markan).
σχιζομένουςbeing torn openPres Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · σχίζωobject-complement participle→ durative presentσχίζω: 'split, tear'; violent imagery — the heavens ripped (cf. Isa 64:1; 15:38).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
οὐρανοὺςheavensAccusativedirect objectοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky'; the opened heavens of theophany.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritAccusativedirect object (of εἶδεν)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the descending Spirit anointing Jesus.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle
περιστερὰνa doveAccusativeobject of ὡς (comparison)περιστερά: 'dove'; the manner of the Spirit's descent.
καταβαῖνονdescendingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · καταβαίνωobject-complement participle→ concurrent presentκαταβαίνω: 'come down'; the Spirit's descent onto Jesus.
εἰςuponpreposition + accusative (motion-onto)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of εἰς
11

καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν· Σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν σοὶ εὐδόκησα.

And a voice came from the heavens: 'You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.'

The Father's declarationκαὶThe heavenly voice fuses Ps 2:7 ('my Son') and Isa 42:1 ('with whom I am well pleased'), declaring Jesus the beloved Son — royal and servant.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνὴa voiceNominativesubjectφωνή: 'voice'; the bath-qol, God's own utterance.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'come, occur'; the voice 'happened' from heaven.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
οὐρανῶνheavensGenitiveobject of ἐκοὐρανός: 'heaven'; source of the divine voice.
ΣὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
theNominativearticle
υἱόςSonNominativepredicate nominativeυἱός: 'Son'; echoing Ps 2:7 — the royal-messianic sonship.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
theNominativearticle
ἀγαπητόςbelovedNominativeattributive adjectiveἀγαπητός: 'beloved'; perhaps 'only,' evoking Isaac (Gen 22:2).
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (sphere)
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν
εὐδόκησαI am well pleasedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · εὐδοκέωmain verb→ timeless/gnomic aoristεὐδοκέω: 'take pleasure in, be well pleased'; echoing Isa 42:1, the chosen Servant.
12

Καὶ εὐθὺς τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτὸν ἐκβάλλει εἰς τὴν ἔρημον.

And immediately the Spirit drove him out into the wilderness.

Narrative: driven to the wildernessΚαὶSecond εὐθύς. ἐκβάλλει is a historic present and a strong verb ('thrusts out, drives'), the same word used of casting out demons — the Spirit propels Jesus.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the rapid hinge from baptism to testing.
τὸtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the same Spirit just received now impels him.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἐκβάλλειdrives outPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid present (forceful)ἐκβάλλω: 'throw/drive out'; a strong verb (used of exorcism) — the Spirit thrusts him out. Historic present.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἔρημονwildernessAccusativeobject of εἰςἔρημος: 'wilderness'; the place of testing (cf. Israel's forty years).
13

καὶ ἦν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τεσσεράκοντα ἡμέρας πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Σατανᾶ, καὶ ἦν μετὰ τῶν θηρίων, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι διηκόνουν αὐτῷ.

And he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan; and he was among the wild beasts, and the angels were ministering to him.

Narrative: the temptationκαὶMark's spare temptation account — no dialogue. The 'forty days,' the wild beasts, and ministering angels evoke a new-Adam / new-Israel motif.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic w/ ptc.)→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect frames the prolonged ordeal.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedat. of placeἔρημος: 'wilderness'.
τεσσεράκονταfortyindeclinable numeral (accusative of duration)τεσσεράκοντα: 'forty'; the symbolic number of testing (Israel, Moses, Elijah).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration of timeἡμέρα: 'day'.
πειραζόμενοςbeing temptedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πειράζωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἦν)→ durative presentπειράζω: 'test, tempt'; the continuous testing throughout the forty days.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agent)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ΣατανᾶSatanGenitiveagent of passiveΣατανᾶς: 'Satan, the adversary' (Heb. śāṭān); Mark's name for the tempter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'.
μετὰamong / withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
θηρίωνwild beastsGenitiveobject of μετάθηρίον: 'wild animal'; uniquely Markan — perhaps Edenic peace or wilderness menace.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄγγελοιangelsNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'angel'; heavenly attendants, as to Elijah (1 Kgs 19).
διηκόνουνwere ministeringImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · διακονέωmain verb→ durative imperfectδιακονέω: 'serve, minister'; the angels' continual ministry.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object (dat. w/ διακονέω)
14

Μετὰ δὲ τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ

Now after John was handed over, Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God,

Narrative: Galilean ministry beginsδὲJohn's arrest (παραδοθῆναι, 'handed over' — the same verb of Jesus' passion) marks the transition; Jesus takes up the public proclamation of God's gospel.
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time-after)
δὲnowtransitional/developmental conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizing inf.)
παραδοθῆναιhanding over / arrestAor Pass Inf · παραδίδωμιarticular infinitive (temporal w/ μετά)→ constative aoristπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray'; ominously the passion-verb (cf. 9:31; 14:21).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitiveἸωάννης: John the Baptist.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; Jesus enters Galilee.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeAccusativeobject of εἰςΓαλιλαία: Galilee, the arena of the ministry.
κηρύσσωνproclaimingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κηρύσσωcircumstantial (manner) participle→ durative presentκηρύσσω: 'herald, proclaim'; Jesus continues the heraldic announcement.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
εὐαγγέλιονgospelAccusativedirect objectεὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; cf. v.1, now the content of Jesus' preaching.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source/authorθεός: God; the gospel God authors and which is about his reign.
15

καὶ λέγων ὅτι Πεπλήρωται ὁ καιρὸς καὶ ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ· μετανοεῖτε καὶ πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ.

and saying, 'The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has drawn near; repent and believe in the gospel.'

The message summarizedκαὶMark's programmatic summary of Jesus' message: two perfects (the time stands fulfilled, the kingdom stands near) ground two imperatives (repent, believe).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (Semitism)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say'; introduces the direct message.
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι (introduces direct speech)
Πεπλήρωταιis fulfilledPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · πληρόωmain verb→ consummative perfect (standing result)πληρόω: 'fill, fulfill'; the appointed time has reached its completion.
theNominativearticle
καιρὸςtimeNominativesubjectκαιρός: 'appointed time, decisive moment'; the eschatological hour, not mere chronology.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤγγικενhas drawn nearPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγίζωmain verb→ consummative perfectἐγγίζω: 'come near'; the kingdom 'has arrived/is at hand' — imminence debated.
theNominativearticle
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubjectβασιλεία: 'reign, kingship'; God's dynamic rule breaking in — Mark's central theme.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivesubjective/possessive genitiveθεός: God; whose reign it is.
μετανοεῖτεrepentPres Act Impv 2 Pl · μετανοέωimperative (command)→ durative present imperativeμετανοέω: 'change the mind, turn'; the called-for response.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πιστεύετεbelievePres Act Impv 2 Pl · πιστεύωimperative (command)→ durative present imperativeπιστεύω: 'trust, believe'; faith paired with repentance.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (object of faith)
τῷtheDativearticle
εὐαγγελίῳgospelDativeobject of πιστεύετε (ἐν + dat.)εὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; the unusual 'believe in the gospel' construction.
16

Καὶ παράγων παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶδεν Σίμωνα καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν Σίμωνος ἀμφιβάλλοντας ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ· ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς.

And passing along the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew, Simon's brother, casting a net in the sea; for they were fishermen.

Narrative: call of Simon and AndrewΚαὶThe call of the first disciples. ἀμφιβάλλοντας ('casting [a net] around') vividly fixes the moment; the parenthetical γάρ explains their trade.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παράγωνpassing alongPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παράγωtemporal/circumstantial participle→ concurrent presentπαράγω: 'pass by, go along'; sets the lakeside scene.
παρὰalong / besidepreposition + accusative (alongside)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of παράθάλασσα: 'sea'; the Sea (Lake) of Galilee.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivegenitive of place/relationshipΓαλιλαία: Galilee.
εἶδενhe sawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'.
ΣίμωναSimonAccusativedirect objectΣίμων: Simon (Peter); the first-called.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἈνδρέανAndrewAccusativedirect objectἈνδρέας: Andrew, Simon's brother.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀδελφὸνbrotherAccusativeapposition to Ἀνδρέανἀδελφός: 'brother'.
Σίμωνοςof SimonGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἀμφιβάλλονταςcasting a netPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἀμφιβάλλωobject-complement participle→ concurrent presentἀμφιβάλλω: 'cast around' (a circular casting-net); the precise fishing action.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
θαλάσσῃseaDativedat. of placeθάλασσα: 'sea'.
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (parenthetical)→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: 'be'.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (parenthesis)
ἁλιεῖςfishermenNominativepredicate nominativeἁλιεύς: 'fisherman'; their trade, to be transposed into mission (v.17).
17

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων.

And Jesus said to them, 'Come after me, and I will make you become fishers of men.'

The summonsκαὶJesus' call reuses their craft as metaphor: 'fishers of men.' 'Come after me' (δεῦτε ὀπίσω) is discipleship language — following behind a master.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
Δεῦτεcomeadverbial imperative-particle (plural 'come!')δεῦτε: 'come!'; a fixed hortatory adverb functioning as a plural command.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive (behind)ὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; 'after me' = the disciple's place following the rabbi.
μουmeGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (result)
ποιήσωI will makeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ predictive futureποιέω: 'make, cause'; Jesus will transform their vocation.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
γενέσθαιto becomeAor Mid Inf · γίνομαιcomplementary/object infinitive→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the new identity they will receive.
ἁλιεῖςfishersAccusativepredicate accusative (w/ γενέσθαι)ἁλιεύς: 'fisher'; now of people.
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitiveobjective genitiveἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; the catch is now people for the kingdom.
18

καὶ εὐθὺς ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.

And immediately they left the nets and followed him.

Immediate responseκαὶThird εὐθύς. The instant, total response (leaving nets, following) is Mark's model of discipleship — abandonment of livelihood at the word of Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the prompt obedience of true discipleship.
ἀφέντεςleavingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀφίημιcircumstantial (attendant) participle→ antecedent aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, let go'; abandoning their livelihood.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δίκτυαnetsAccusativedirect objectδίκτυον: 'net'; their means of living, now left behind.
ἠκολούθησανthey followedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; the key discipleship verb — they take the road behind Jesus.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object (dat. w/ ἀκολουθέω)
19

Καὶ προβὰς ὀλίγον εἶδεν Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα,

And going on a little, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, also in the boat mending the nets,

Narrative: call of James and JohnΚαὶThe second pair, mending (καταρτίζοντας) rather than casting their nets. Mark mirrors the first call exactly.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προβὰςgoing onAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προβαίνωtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristπροβαίνω: 'go forward, advance.'
ὀλίγονa littleAccusativeadverbial accusative (extent)ὀλίγος: 'little'; a short distance further.
εἶδενhe sawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'.
ἸάκωβονJamesAccusativedirect objectἸάκωβος: James (Jacob), son of Zebedee.
τὸνthe (son)Accusativearticle (w/ following genitive)
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΖεβεδαίουZebedeeGenitivegenitive of relationship (sonship)Ζεβεδαῖος: Zebedee, the father of James and John.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativedirect objectἸωάννης: John, son of Zebedee (not the Baptist).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀδελφὸνbrotherAccusativeapposition to Ἰωάννηνἀδελφός: 'brother'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶalsoascensive/connective conjunction
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (resumptive)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
πλοίῳboatDativedat. of placeπλοῖον: 'boat'; the fishing vessel.
καταρτίζονταςmendingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · καταρτίζωobject-complement participle→ concurrent presentκαταρτίζω: 'put in order, mend'; repairing the nets.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δίκτυαnetsAccusativedirect objectδίκτυον: 'net'.
20

καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς. καὶ ἀφέντες τὸν πατέρα αὐτῶν Ζεβεδαῖον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ τῶν μισθωτῶν ἀπῆλθον ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ.

And immediately he called them. And they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and went off after him.

Immediate responseκαὶFourth εὐθύς. The cost is sharpened: they leave not only nets but their father. 'Went off after him' (ἀπῆλθον ὀπίσω) seals the following.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the same prompt call and response.
ἐκάλεσενhe calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call, summon'; the authoritative call to discipleship.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφέντεςleavingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀφίημιcircumstantial participle→ antecedent aoristἀφίημι: 'leave behind'; here even kin and family business.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect objectπατήρ: 'father'; the bond broken for the call.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship
ΖεβεδαῖονZebedeeAccusativeapposition to πατέραΖεβεδαῖος: Zebedee.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
πλοίῳboatDativedat. of placeπλοῖον: 'boat'.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μισθωτῶνhired menGenitiveobject of μετάμισθωτός: 'hired servant'; a Markan touch — Zebedee was not left destitute.
ἀπῆλθονthey went offAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'; the decisive departure.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive (behind)ὀπίσω: 'after'; cf. v.17, the disciple's place behind.
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
21

Καὶ εἰσπορεύονται εἰς Καφαρναούμ· καὶ εὐθὺς τοῖς σάββασιν εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν ἐδίδασκεν.

And they went into Capernaum; and immediately on the Sabbath he entered the synagogue and began to teach.

Narrative: into the Capernaum synagogueΚαὶHistoric present εἰσπορεύονται ('they go in') plus the fifth εὐθύς open the Capernaum day. The inceptive imperfect ἐδίδασκεν marks the start of his teaching.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσπορεύονταιthey go inPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentεἰσπορεύομαι: 'go into, enter'; historic present for past entry into the town.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
ΚαφαρναούμCapernaumAccusativeobject of εἰςΚαφαρναούμ: Capernaum, the lakeside town that became Jesus' base.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'.
τοῖςon theDativearticle
σάββασινSabbathDativedat. of timeσάββατον: 'Sabbath'; the plural form often denotes the single day.
εἰσελθὼνenteringAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εἰσέρχομαιtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'go in'; into the synagogue.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
συναγωγὴνsynagogueAccusativeobject of εἰςσυναγωγή: 'synagogue, assembly'; the place of teaching.
ἐδίδασκενhe began to teachImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διδάσκωmain verb→ inceptive/durative imperfectδιδάσκω: 'teach'; the imperfect marks the onset of his teaching.
22

καὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ· ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς.

And they were astonished at his teaching, for he was teaching them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.

Reaction: astonishment at his authorityκαὶThe crowd's amazement (ἐξεπλήσσοντο, 'struck out of their senses') stems from his authority — unlike the derivative teaching of the scribes.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξεπλήσσοντοthey were astonishedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπλήσσωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐκπλήσσω: 'strike out, amaze'; overwhelmed astonishment.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause/basis)
τῇtheDativearticle
διδαχῇteachingDativeobject of ἐπί (cause)διδαχή: 'teaching'; the content/manner that amazed them.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of source/possession
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; with διδάσκων forms a periphrasis.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἦν)→ durative presentδιδάσκω: 'teach'.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ὡςascomparative particle
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνἐξουσία: 'authority'; his own, not delegated by tradition — a Markan keyword.
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωsubstantival/comparative participle→ durative presentἔχω: 'have, hold'; 'as one having authority.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐχnotnegative particle
ὡςascomparative particle
οἱtheNominativearticle
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubject of implied verb (comparison)γραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the trained interpreters, whose teaching merely cited authorities.
23

καὶ εὐθὺς ἦν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ αὐτῶν ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ, καὶ ἀνέκραξεν

And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit, and he cried out,

Narrative: the demoniacκαὶSixth εὐθύς introduces the first exorcism. 'A man in an unclean spirit' (ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ) — the demon's grip described locatively.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the confrontation erupts during the teaching.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; sets the scene.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
συναγωγῇsynagogueDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'man, person.'
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (state/possession)
πνεύματιspiritDativeobject of ἐν (state)πνεῦμα: here a hostile 'spirit'; the man is under its power.
ἀκαθάρτῳuncleanDativeattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; Mark's term for demonic spirits.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνέκραξενhe cried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνακράζωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀνακράζω: 'cry out, shriek'; the demon's sudden outcry.
24

λέγων· Τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ; ἦλθες ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς; οἶδά σε τίς εἶ, ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ.

saying, 'What have we to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are — the Holy One of God.'

The demon's cryasyndetonThe Semitic idiom 'what to us and to you?' is a formula of dissociation. The demon, knowing Jesus' identity ('the Holy One of God'), names it — the recurring demonic recognition.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
ΤίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (idiom)τίς: 'what?'; in the idiom τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί = 'what have we in common?'
ἡμῖνto usDativedat. of reference (idiom)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σοίto youDativedat. of reference (idiom)
ἸησοῦJesusVocativevocative of addressἸησοῦς: here vocative — the demon names him.
Ναζαρηνέof NazarethVocativevocative in appositionΝαζαρηνός: 'Nazarene'; Jesus' provincial epithet.
ἦλθεςhave you comeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (question)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the demon fears Jesus' purpose.
ἀπολέσαιto destroyAor Act Inf · ἀπόλλυμιpurpose infinitive→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, ruin'; the demon senses its doom.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object
οἶδάI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ stative perfect (present sense)οἶδα: 'know'; the demon's supernatural recognition.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative of the thing known (prolepsis)
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (indir. question)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
theNominativearticle
ἅγιοςHoly OneNominativeapposition (predicate)ἅγιος: 'holy one'; 'the Holy One of God' — a striking confession from the demon.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship/sourceθεός: God.
25

καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· Φιμώθητι καὶ ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ.

And Jesus rebuked it, saying, 'Be silent, and come out of him!'

Jesus' rebukeκαὶJesus silences the demon (the 'messianic secret' — even true confession from demons is muzzled) and commands its exit with sovereign authority.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπετίμησενrebukedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, censure'; a word of commanding authority over the spirit.
αὐτῷitDativeindirect object (dat. w/ ἐπιτιμάω)
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
Φιμώθητιbe silentAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · φιμόωimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeφιμόω: 'muzzle, silence'; 'be muzzled!' — the demon's testimony suppressed.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔξελθεcome outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; the exorcistic command.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἐξ
26

καὶ σπαράξαν αὐτὸν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἀκάθαρτον καὶ φωνῆσαν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἐξῆλθεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ.

And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him.

The exorcismκαὶThe spirit's violent exit (σπαράξαν, 'convulsing'; a loud cry) demonstrates the reality and force of the deliverance.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σπαράξανconvulsingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · σπαράσσωcircumstantial (attendant) participle→ antecedent/coincident aoristσπαράσσω: 'tear, convulse'; the demon's parting violence.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of the participle
τὸtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμαspiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: the unclean spirit.
τὸtheNominativearticle
ἀκάθαρτονuncleanNominativeattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνῆσανcrying outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · φωνέωcircumstantial participle→ coincident aoristφωνέω: 'call out, cry'; the loud shriek of exit.
φωνῇwith a voiceDativedat. of manner/instrumentφωνή: 'voice, sound.'
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, loud.'
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; the demon obeys and departs.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἐξ
27

καὶ ἐθαμβήθησαν ἅπαντες, ὥστε συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγοντας· Τί ἐστιν τοῦτο; διδαχὴ καινὴ κατ’ ἐξουσίαν· καὶ τοῖς πνεύμασι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις ἐπιτάσσει, καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ.

And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, 'What is this? A new teaching with authority! He even commands the unclean spirits, and they obey him.'

Reaction: amazement spreadsκαὶThe crowd ties teaching and exorcism together under the keyword 'authority.' The historic presents ἐπιτάσσει/ὑπακούουσιν vivify the wonder.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐθαμβήθησανthey were amazedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · θαμβέωmain verb→ ingressive aoristθαμβέω: 'be astounded'; awed amazement.
ἅπαντεςallNominativesubject (intensive 'all')ἅπας: 'all, every one'; the whole assembly.
ὥστεso thatconjunction introducing result
συζητεῖνto questionPres Act Inf · συζητέωinfinitive of result→ durative presentσυζητέω: 'discuss, dispute'; the buzzing debate.
πρὸςamongpreposition + accusative (reciprocal)
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesAccusativereflexive object of πρός
λέγονταςsayingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (agreeing w/ subj. of inf.)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
ΤίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)
διδαχὴteachingNominativenominative (exclamatory/predicate)διδαχή: 'teaching.'
καινὴnewNominativeattributive adjectiveκαινός: 'new (in kind)'; a qualitatively new teaching.
κατ’with / according topreposition + accusative (norm)
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativeobject of κατάἐξουσία: 'authority'; the keyword binding word and deed.
καὶevenascensive conjunction
τοῖςtheDativearticle
πνεύμασιspiritsDativeindirect object (dat. w/ ἐπιτάσσει)πνεῦμα: 'spirit.'
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἀκαθάρτοιςuncleanDativeattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean.'
ἐπιτάσσειhe commandsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτάσσωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentἐπιτάσσω: 'order, command'; historic present heightening his authority.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὑπακούουσινthey obeyPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑπακούωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentὑπακούω: 'obey'; historic present — the spirits' submission.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object (dat. w/ ὑπακούω)
28

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εὐθὺς πανταχοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν περίχωρον τῆς Γαλιλαίας.

And immediately his fame went out everywhere into all the surrounding region of Galilee.

Result: the fame spreadsκαὶSeventh εὐθύς. His report (ἀκοή, 'what is heard') spreads at once through all Galilee — Mark's rapid summary of mounting fame.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; the report spreads.
theNominativearticle
ἀκοὴreport / fameNominativesubjectἀκοή: 'hearing, report'; the news about Jesus.
αὐτοῦof him / hisGenitiveobjective genitive
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the rapid diffusion.
πανταχοῦeverywhereadverb of placeπανταχοῦ: 'everywhere.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (extent)
ὅληνallAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
περίχωρονsurrounding regionAccusativeobject of εἰςπερίχωρος: 'neighboring region' (περί + χώρα).
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivegenitive of placeΓαλιλαία: Galilee.
29

Καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἐξελθόντες ἦλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος καὶ Ἀνδρέου μετὰ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωάννου.

And immediately, leaving the synagogue, they went into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.

Narrative: to Simon's houseΚαὶEighth εὐθύς continues the seamless Sabbath day. The four newly called disciples accompany Jesus to Simon and Andrew's home.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once.'
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
συναγωγῆςsynagogueGenitiveobject of ἐκσυναγωγή: 'synagogue.'
ἐξελθόντεςleavingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
ἦλθονthey wentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house, home.'
Σίμωνοςof SimonGenitivegenitive of possessionΣίμων: Simon.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἈνδρέουAndrewGenitivegenitive of possessionἈνδρέας: Andrew.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἸακώβουJamesGenitiveobject of μετάἸάκωβος: James.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἸωάννουJohnGenitiveobject of μετάἸωάννης: John.
30

ἡ δὲ πενθερὰ Σίμωνος κατέκειτο πυρέσσουσα, καὶ εὐθὺς λέγουσιν αὐτῷ περὶ αὐτῆς.

Now Simon's mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever, and immediately they told him about her.

Narrative: the sick mother-in-lawδὲNinth εὐθύς; historic present λέγουσιν ('they tell'). The imperfect κατέκειτο describes her bedridden state.
theNominativearticle
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
πενθερὰmother-in-lawNominativesubjectπενθερά: 'mother-in-law'; implying Simon was married (cf. 1 Cor 9:5).
Σίμωνοςof SimonGenitivegenitive of relationship
κατέκειτοwas lying downImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κατάκειμαιmain verb→ descriptive imperfectκατάκειμαι: 'lie down, be bedridden'; her sick condition.
πυρέσσουσαsick with feverPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · πυρέσσωcircumstantial (manner) participle→ durative presentπυρέσσω: 'have a fever' (πῦρ, 'fire'); the burning of the illness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once.'
λέγουσινthey tellPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentλέγω: 'say, tell'; historic present for the report to Jesus.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of περί
31

καὶ προσελθὼν ἤγειρεν αὐτὴν κρατήσας τῆς χειρός· καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτὴν ὁ πυρετός, καὶ διηκόνει αὐτοῖς.

And he came and raised her up, taking her by the hand; and the fever left her, and she began to serve them.

The healingκαὶJesus heals by touch; the immediate, complete cure is shown by her rising to serve (διηκόνει, inceptive imperfect).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσελθὼνcoming to herAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσέρχομαιtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristπροσέρχομαι: 'come/draw near.'
ἤγειρενraised upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'raise, lift up'; the same verb of resurrection — he lifts her.
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object
κρατήσαςtaking holdAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κρατέωcircumstantial (means) participle→ coincident aoristκρατέω: 'grasp, take hold of'; the healing touch of the hand.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
χειρόςhandGenitivegenitive object of κρατήσαςχείρ: 'hand.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφῆκενleftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, release'; the fever departs.
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object
theNominativearticle
πυρετόςfeverNominativesubjectπυρετός: 'fever'; personified as 'leaving' her.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διηκόνειshe began to serveImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διακονέωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectδιακονέω: 'serve, wait on'; the proof of full recovery — she serves the guests.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object (dat. w/ διακονέω)
32

Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, ὅτε ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος, ἔφερον πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας καὶ τοὺς δαιμονιζομένους·

Now when evening came, when the sun had set, they were bringing to him all who were sick and those who were demon-possessed;

Narrative: evening healingsδὲThe Sabbath over at sundown, the crowds may now carry their sick. The doubled time-marker (evening / sunset) signals the lawful moment.
ὈψίαςeveningGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)ὀψία: 'evening'; the day's end.
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
γενομένηςhaving comeAor Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · γίνομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ antecedent aoristγίνομαι: 'come, become'; 'when evening had come.'
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
ἔδυsetAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δύνωmain verb (temporal clause)→ constative aoristδύνω: 'sink, set'; the sun's setting ended the Sabbath.
theNominativearticle
ἥλιοςsunNominativesubjectἥλιος: 'sun.'
ἔφερονthey were bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb→ iterative/descriptive imperfectφέρω: 'carry, bring'; the steady stream of the sick.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
κακῶςbadly / illadverb (w/ ἔχοντας)κακῶς: 'badly'; κακῶς ἔχοντας = 'those who are ill.'
ἔχονταςbeingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωsubstantival participle→ durative presentἔχω: 'have, hold'; with κακῶς, idiom for being sick.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
δαιμονιζομένουςdemon-possessedPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · δαιμονίζομαιsubstantival participle→ durative presentδαιμονίζομαι: 'be demon-possessed'; those under demonic power.
33

καὶ ἦν ὅλη ἡ πόλις ἐπισυνηγμένη πρὸς τὴν θύραν.

and the whole city was gathered together at the door.

The crowd at the doorκαὶA periphrastic pluperfect-sense (ἦν … ἐπισυνηγμένη) paints the whole town massed at the doorway — Markan hyperbole conveying the surge.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ stative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; with the perfect ptc. forms a periphrastic perfect/pluperfect sense.
ὅληwholeNominativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, entire'; hyperbole — 'all the city.'
theNominativearticle
πόλιςcityNominativesubjectπόλις: 'city, town'; here Capernaum.
ἐπισυνηγμένηgathered togetherPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἐπισυνάγωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἦν)→ stative perfectἐπισυνάγω: 'gather together' (ἐπί-intensive); the massed crowd standing assembled.
πρὸςatpreposition + accusative (position)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θύρανdoorAccusativeobject of πρόςθύρα: 'door'; the doorway of Simon's house.
34

καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις, καὶ δαιμόνια πολλὰ ἐξέβαλεν, καὶ οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τὰ δαιμόνια, ὅτι ᾔδεισαν αὐτόν.

And he healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and he would not let the demons speak, because they knew him.

The mass healing and silencingκαὶSummary of the evening: many healed, many demons expelled. The demons are silenced (the messianic secret) because their knowledge of him would distort the revelation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐθεράπευσενhe healedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θεραπεύωmain verb→ constative aoristθεραπεύω: 'heal, cure'; the comprehensive cure.
πολλοὺςmanyAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object)πολύς: 'many.'
κακῶςilladverb (w/ ἔχοντας)κακῶς: 'badly'; cf. v.32.
ἔχονταςbeingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle→ durative presentἔχω: 'have, hold'; κακῶς ἔχοντας = the sick.
ποικίλαιςvariousDativeattributive adjectiveποικίλος: 'varied, of many kinds.'
νόσοιςdiseasesDativedat. of respect/meansνόσος: 'disease, sickness.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect objectδαιμόνιον: 'demon, evil spirit.'
πολλὰmanyAccusativeattributive adjective
ἐξέβαλενcast outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast/drive out'; the exorcistic action.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἤφιενhe was permittingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb→ customary/iterative imperfectἀφίημι: 'allow, permit'; he repeatedly would not allow it.
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Inf · λαλέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentλαλέω: 'speak'; the demons forbidden to talk.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitiveδαιμόνιον: 'demon.'
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ᾔδεισανthey knewPluperf Act Indic 3 Pl · οἶδαmain verb (causal clause)→ stative pluperfect (past sense)οἶδα: 'know'; the demons' knowledge of his identity, to be suppressed.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
35

Καὶ πρωῒ ἔννυχα λίαν ἀναστὰς ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κἀκεῖ προσηύχετο.

And in the morning, very early while it was still dark, he rose and went out and departed to a desolate place, and there he was praying.

Narrative: withdrawal to prayΚαὶA piling of three verbs of departure stresses Jesus' deliberate withdrawal; the imperfect προσηύχετο depicts sustained prayer in solitude.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πρωῒearlyadverb of timeπρωΐ: 'early in the morning.'
ἔννυχαwhile still nightadverbial accusative (time)ἔννυχος: 'in the night'; the adverbial neuter, 'while still dark.'
λίανveryadverb (degree)λίαν: 'very, exceedingly'; intensifies — long before dawn.
ἀναστὰςrisingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise up, get up.'
ἐξῆλθενhe went outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; out of the house/town.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπῆλθενdepartedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away'; to solitude.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
ἔρημονdesolateAccusativeattributive adjectiveἔρημος: 'deserted, solitary'; a lonely place for prayer.
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of εἰςτόπος: 'place.'
κἀκεῖand therecrasis (καὶ ἐκεῖ), adverb of placeκἀκεῖ: 'and there' (crasis).
προσηύχετοhe was prayingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the sustained communion (cf. 6:46; 14:32).
36

καὶ κατεδίωξεν αὐτὸν Σίμων καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ,

And Simon and those with him searched him out,

Narrative: the disciples pursueκαὶκατεδίωξεν ('hunted down') is a strong, almost hostile verb — the disciples track him, not yet grasping his mission's outward thrust.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατεδίωξενsearched out / pursuedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταδιώκωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταδιώκω: 'hunt down, pursue closely' (κατά-intensive); a forceful verb of tracking.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ΣίμωνSimonNominativesubjectΣίμων: Simon, leading the search.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizing prep. phrase)
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετά
37

καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι Πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε.

and they found him and said to him, 'Everyone is looking for you.'

The disciples' reportκαὶHistoric present λέγουσιν. The disciples voice the crowd's demand ('everyone is seeking you'), which Jesus will gently set aside for his wider mission.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὗρονthey foundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find'; the disciples locate him.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentλέγω: 'say'; historic present.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι (introduces direct speech)
ΠάντεςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πᾶς: 'all, everyone'; the clamoring crowd.
ζητοῦσίνare seekingPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ durative presentζητέω: 'seek, look for'; the crowd's pursuit.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
38

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἄγωμεν ἀλλαχοῦ εἰς τὰς ἐχομένας κωμοπόλεις, ἵνα καὶ ἐκεῖ κηρύξω· εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξῆλθον.

And he said to them, 'Let us go elsewhere, to the neighboring towns, that I may preach there also; for that is why I came out.'

Jesus' resolve to preach widelyκαὶHistoric present λέγει. Jesus redirects from popularity to mission: preaching, not healing alone, is his purpose ('that is why I came out').
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentλέγω: 'say'; historic present.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Ἄγωμενlet us goPres Act Subj 1 Pl · ἄγωhortatory subjunctive→ durative presentἄγω: 'lead, go'; 'let us go' — the missionary impulse.
ἀλλαχοῦelsewhereadverb of placeἀλλαχοῦ: 'to another place, elsewhere.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ἐχομέναςneighboringPres Mid Ptc · Acc Pl Fem · ἔχωattributive participle (idiom)→ durative presentἔχω (mid.): 'be next to'; ἐχόμεναι = 'the adjoining/neighboring' towns.
κωμοπόλειςmarket-townsAccusativeobject of εἰςκωμόπολις: 'country town' (κώμη + πόλις); a village-town, NT hapax.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing purpose
καὶalsoadjunctive/ascensive conjunction
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there.'
κηρύξωI may preachAor Act Subj 1 Sg · κηρύσσωsubjunctive (purpose)→ ingressive aoristκηρύσσω: 'herald, preach'; the purpose of the journey.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐξῆλθονI came outAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'come/go out'; his purpose-laden mission, perhaps 'came forth' from the Father.
39

καὶ ἦλθεν κηρύσσων εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν εἰς ὅλην τὴν Γαλιλαίαν καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλων.

And he went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out the demons.

Summary: the Galilean tourκαὶA compressed summary statement: Jesus' itinerant ministry across all Galilee, joining preaching and exorcism — the twin works of vv.14–28.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθενhe wentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; the touring ministry.
κηρύσσωνpreachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κηρύσσωcircumstantial (manner) participle→ durative presentκηρύσσω: 'herald, preach'; the chief activity.
εἰςin / intopreposition + accusative (locative use)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
συναγωγὰςsynagoguesAccusativeobject of εἰςσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'; the venues of his preaching.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
εἰςthroughoutpreposition + accusative (extent)
ὅληνallAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeAccusativeobject of εἰς (extent)Γαλιλαία: Galilee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect object of ἐκβάλλωνδαιμόνιον: 'demon.'
ἐκβάλλωνcasting outPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐκβάλλωcircumstantial participle (coordinate)→ durative presentἐκβάλλω: 'cast out'; the exorcisms accompanying the preaching.
40

Καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν λεπρὸς παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν καὶ γονυπετῶν λέγων αὐτῷ ὅτι Ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.

And a leper came to him, begging him and kneeling, saying to him, 'If you are willing, you can make me clean.'

Narrative: the leper's pleaΚαὶHistoric present ἔρχεται. The leper's faith is exact: not whether Jesus is able ('you can') but whether he is willing ('if you will').
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔρχεταιcomesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentἔρχομαι: 'come'; historic present introducing the scene.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
λεπρὸςa leperNominativesubject (substantival adj.)λεπρός: 'leprous (person)'; a ritually unclean outcast (Lev 13).
παρακαλῶνbeggingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παρακαλέωcircumstantial (manner) participle→ durative presentπαρακαλέω: 'beseech, implore.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of the participle
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γονυπετῶνkneelingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · γονυπετέωcircumstantial participle→ concurrent presentγονυπετέω: 'fall on the knees' (γόνυ + πίπτω); the posture of entreaty.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι (introduces direct speech)
Ἐὰνifconjunction (3rd-class condition)
θέλῃςyou are willingPres Act Subj 2 Sg · θέλωsubjunctive (protasis)→ durative presentθέλω: 'will, wish'; the leper makes everything hinge on Jesus' will.
δύνασαίyou are ablePres Mid Indic 2 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (apodosis)→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able'; he doubts not the power, only the will.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of καθαρίσαι
καθαρίσαιto make cleanAor Act Inf · καθαρίζωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristκαθαρίζω: 'cleanse, make clean'; leprosy needs cleansing, not mere healing.
41

καὶ σπλαγχνισθεὶς ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἥψατο καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·

And moved with compassion, he stretched out his hand and touched him, and said to him, 'I am willing; be clean.'

The cleansingκαὶThe participle is a famous crux: σπλαγχνισθείς ('moved with compassion,' read here) vs. the harder, well-attested ὀργισθείς ('moved with anger'). Jesus' touch of the unclean is itself startling. Historic present λέγει.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σπλαγχνισθεὶςmoved with compassionAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · σπλαγχνίζομαιcausal/circumstantial participle→ antecedent aoristσπλαγχνίζομαι: 'be moved in the inward parts, feel compassion' (σπλάγχνα, 'bowels'); the textual variant ὀργισθείς ('moved with anger') is harder and well-attested — flagged in the text-note.
ἐκτείναςstretching outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐκτείνωcircumstantial (means) participle→ coincident aoristἐκτείνω: 'stretch out, extend.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραhandAccusativedirect objectχείρ: 'hand'; reaching to touch the untouchable.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἥψατοhe touchedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἅπτωmain verb→ constative aoristἅπτω (mid.): 'touch, take hold of'; touching a leper risked defilement — yet Jesus cleanses instead.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentλέγω: 'say'; historic present.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΘέλωI am willingPres Act Indic 1 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ stative presentθέλω: 'will, wish'; Jesus answers the leper's 'if you will' directly.
καθαρίσθητιbe cleanAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · καθαρίζωimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeκαθαρίζω: 'cleanse'; the effective word of cleansing.
42

καὶ εὐθὺς ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα, καὶ ἐκαθαρίσθη.

And immediately the leprosy left him, and he was made clean.

The instantaneous cureκαὶTenth εὐθύς. The double statement (the leprosy departed; he was cleansed) underscores the complete and instant cure at Jesus' word.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once'; the instantaneous cure.
ἀπῆλθενleftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'; the leprosy departs.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἀπό
theNominativearticle
λέπραleprosyNominativesubjectλέπρα: 'leprosy'; the dread skin-disease.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκαθαρίσθηhe was cleansedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb→ constative aoristκαθαρίζω: 'cleanse'; the man rendered clean — fit again for society and worship.
43

καὶ ἐμβριμησάμενος αὐτῷ εὐθὺς ἐξέβαλεν αὐτόν,

And sternly warning him, he immediately sent him away,

Jesus' stern chargeκαὶEleventh εὐθύς. ἐμβριμησάμενος ('sternly charging,' with a snort of strong emotion) and ἐξέβαλεν ('thrust out,' the exorcism-verb) convey Jesus' forceful insistence.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμβριμησάμενοςsternly warningAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβριμάομαιcircumstantial (manner) participle→ antecedent aoristἐμβριμάομαι: 'snort, be deeply moved/stern'; a vehement, charged command.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object (dat. w/ ἐμβριμησάμενος)
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (Mark's signature)εὐθύς: 'at once.'
ἐξέβαλενsent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'drive/send out'; here 'sent him off' — the same forceful verb as for demons.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
44

καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς, ἀλλὰ ὕπαγε σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου ἃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς.

and said to him, 'See that you say nothing to anyone, but go, show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing what Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.'

The command of silence and the priestly offeringκαὶHistoric present λέγει. The secrecy command (messianic secret) and the Mosaic offering (Lev 14) keep Jesus within the Law while pointing to a 'testimony' for the priests.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ vivid presentλέγω: 'say'; historic present.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ὅραsee / take carePres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωimperative (warning)→ durative present imperativeὁράω: 'see, take heed'; 'see that...' — a charge to be careful.
μηδενὶto no oneDativeindirect object (emphatic neg.)μηδείς: 'no one.'
μηδὲνnothingAccusativedirect object (double negation)μηδείς: 'nothing'; doubled negative for emphasis.
εἴπῃςyou sayAor Act Subj 2 Sg · λέγωprohibitive subjunctive→ ingressive aoristλέγω: 'say'; μηδὲν εἴπῃς = 'do not say anything.'
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
ὕπαγεgoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπάγωimperative (command)→ durative present imperativeὑπάγω: 'go, depart.'
σεαυτὸνyourselfAccusativedirect object of δεῖξον (reflexive)
δεῖξονshowAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δείκνυμιimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeδείκνυμι: 'show, display'; present yourself for inspection.
τῷto theDativearticle
ἱερεῖpriestDativeindirect objectἱερεύς: 'priest'; the one who certifies cleansing (Lev 14).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσένεγκεofferAor Act Impv 2 Sg · προσφέρωimperative (command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeπροσφέρω: 'bring to, offer'; the prescribed sacrifice.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (reference)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
καθαρισμοῦcleansingGenitiveobject of περίκαθαρισμός: 'cleansing, purification.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
what / the things whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προσέταξεν)
προσέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προστάσσωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristπροστάσσω: 'command, prescribe.'
ΜωϋσῆςMosesNominativesubjectΜωϋσῆς: Moses; the lawgiver (Lev 13–14).
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)
μαρτύριονa testimonyAccusativeobject of εἰςμαρτύριον: 'testimony, witness'; evidence to the priests (sense debated — for or against them).
αὐτοῖςto themDativedat. of reference (the priests/people)
45

ὁ δὲ ἐξελθὼν ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν πολλὰ καὶ διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον, ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτὸν δύνασθαι φανερῶς εἰς πόλιν εἰσελθεῖν, ἀλλ’ ἔξω ἐπ’ ἐρήμοις τόποις ἦν· καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντοθεν.

But he went out and began to proclaim it freely and to spread the word abroad, so that Jesus could no longer enter a town openly, but stayed out in desolate places; and they kept coming to him from everywhere.

The disobedient publicityδὲThe cleansed man disobeys, and the irony reverses: Jesus, who touched the unclean, is now driven outside the towns like an outcast, while crowds stream to him from every quarter.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutadversative/transitional conjunction
ἐξελθὼνgoing outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐξέρχομαιtemporal participle→ antecedent aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; the man departs from Jesus.
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; he sets about disobeying the silence-command.
κηρύσσεινto proclaimPres Act Inf · κηρύσσωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentκηρύσσω: 'herald, proclaim'; ironically he 'preaches' what Jesus preaches.
πολλὰmuch / freelyAccusativeadverbial accusativeπολύς: 'much'; here adverbial, 'greatly, freely.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διαφημίζεινto spread abroadPres Act Inf · διαφημίζωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentδιαφημίζω: 'spread the news widely' (διά + φήμη).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονword / matterAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'word, report'; 'the matter/account' of his healing.
ὥστεso thatconjunction introducing result
μηκέτιno longeradverb (negation of time)μηκέτι: 'no longer.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
δύνασθαιto be ablePres Mid Inf · δύναμαιinfinitive of result→ durative presentδύναμαι: 'be able.'
φανερῶςopenlyadverb of mannerφανερῶς: 'openly, publicly.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (motion-into)
πόλινa townAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town.'
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (w/ δύνασθαι)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'go in, enter.'
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
ἔξωoutsideadverb of placeἔξω: 'outside'; Jesus now occupies the leper's former place.
ἐπ’in / atpreposition + dative (location)
ἐρήμοιςdesolateDativeattributive adjectiveἔρημος: 'deserted, solitary.'
τόποιςplacesDativedat. of placeτόπος: 'place.'
ἦνhe was / stayedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be, remain'; he kept to the open country.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤρχοντοthey kept comingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ iterative imperfectἔρχομαι: 'come'; the continual influx of seekers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
πάντοθενfrom everywhereadverb of placeπάντοθεν: 'from all sides, from everywhere.'