Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 11ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ ΙΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ὅτε ἐγγίζουσιν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα εἰς Βηθφαγὴ καὶ Βηθανίαν πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν, ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ

And when they draw near to Jerusalem, to Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, he sends two of his disciples

Narrative onsetκαίThe historic present ἐγγίζουσιν/ἀποστέλλει opens the entry narrative with vivid immediacy; geography (Jerusalem, Bethphage, Bethany, the Mount of Olives) sets the messianic stage of Zech 14:4.
Καὶandnarrative connective (paratactic καί)
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
ἐγγίζουσινthey draw nearPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐγγίζωverb of the temporal clause→ historic present (vivid)ἐγγίζω: 'come near, approach'; here of nearing the holy city.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal of motion)Ἱεροσόλυμα: the Greek (neuter plural) form of the city's name; the goal of Jesus' final journey.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΒηθφαγὴBethphageAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Βηθφαγή: 'house of unripe figs,' a village near the Mount of Olives.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΒηθανίανBethanyAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Βηθανία: village about two miles east of Jerusalem on the eastern slope of Olivet.
πρὸςatpreposition + accusative (location)
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ὄρος
ὄροςmountainAccusativeobject of πρός (location)ὄρος: mountain, hill; the Mount of Olives, place of the Messiah's appearing (Zech 14).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with Ἐλαιῶν
Ἐλαιῶνof OlivesGenitiveattributive genitive (the mount 'of olives')ἐλαία: olive tree; the genitive plural names the Mount of Olives.
ἀποστέλλειhe sendsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)ἀποστέλλω: send with a commission; Jesus dispatches the two with authority.
δύοtwoAccusativeobject of ἀποστέλλει (indeclinable numeral)δύο: 'two'; an indeclinable numeral functioning here as the accusative object.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with μαθητῶν
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivepartitive genitive (two 'of' the disciples)μαθητής: learner, disciple; Jesus' followers.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
2

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν κώμην τὴν κατέναντι ὑμῶν, καὶ εὐθὺς εἰσπορευόμενοι εἰς αὐτὴν εὑρήσετε πῶλον δεδεμένον ἐφ’ ὃν οὐδεὶς οὔπω ἀνθρώπων ἐκάθισεν· λύσατε αὐτὸν καὶ φέρετε.

and he says to them, 'Go into the village opposite you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied, on which no one of men has yet sat; untie it and bring it.'

CommandκαίJesus' detailed instruction; the unridden colt (cf. unyoked animals fit for sacred use) and the foreknowledge mark a deliberate messianic act in line with Zech 9:9.
καὶandnarrative connective
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of speaking→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: say, speak.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
ὙπάγετεgoPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ὑπάγωimperative (command)→ ingressive present imperativeὑπάγω: go, depart; common in Mark for dispatching.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with κώμην
κώμηνvillageAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)κώμη: village, hamlet.
τὴνthe (one)Accusativearticle governing κατέναντι (attributive)
κατέναντιoppositeadverb/improper preposition + gen.κατέναντι: 'over against, opposite'; here describing the village's position.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive with κατέναντι
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelytemporal adverbεὐθύς: 'at once'; Mark's signature adverb of immediacy.
εἰσπορευόμενοιenteringPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · εἰσπορεύομαιtemporal participle (as you enter)→ present ptc., contemporaneous actionεἰσπορεύομαι: go in, enter.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative
αὐτὴνitAccusativeobject of εἰς (the village)
εὑρήσετεyou will findFut Act Indic 2 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb (future)→ predictive future (foreknowledge)εὑρίσκω: find, discover.
πῶλονcoltAccusativedirect objectπῶλος: young animal, foal/colt; in Zech 9:9 the donkey's colt the king rides.
δεδεμένονtiedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · δέωattributive participle modifying πῶλον→ perfect ptc. (resultant state: bound)δέω: bind, tie.
ἐφ’onpreposition (ἐπί) + accusative (rel.)
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun, object of ἐπί
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἐκάθισενοὐδείς: no one, nobody.
οὔπωnot yettemporal adverb (negative)οὔπω: 'not yet.'
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitivepartitive genitive with οὐδείςἄνθρωπος: human being, man.
ἐκάθισενhas satAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίζωverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristκαθίζω: sit down; an unridden animal is fit for sacred service.
λύσατεuntieAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λύωimperative (command)→ constative aorist imperativeλύω: loose, untie.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of λύσατε
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φέρετεbring (it)Pres Act Impv 2 Pl · φέρωimperative (command)→ present imperative (durative bringing)φέρω: bear, carry, bring.
3

καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ· Τί ποιεῖτε τοῦτο; εἴπατε· Ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ χρείαν ἔχει, καὶ εὐθὺς αὐτὸν ἀποστέλλει πάλιν ὧδε.

And if anyone says to you, 'Why are you doing this?', say, 'The Lord has need of it, and immediately he will send it back here again.'

Conditional contingencyκαίA third-class condition supplying the disciples' answer; ὁ κύριος ('the Lord') is the password — whether referring to Jesus or, ambiguously, to the colt's owner.
καὶandconnective
ἐάνifconditional conjunction (3rd class)ἐάν: 'if' + subjunctive, contingent condition.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject of εἴπῃτις: someone, anyone (indefinite).
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object
εἴπῃsaysAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the protasis (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (contingent)λέγω/εἶπον: say.
ΤίwhyAccusativeinterrogative (accusative of respect 'why')τίς: interrogative; 'why?' in this adverbial accusative use.
ποιεῖτεare you doingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb of the question→ progressive presentποιέω: do, make.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedirect object (demonstrative)
εἴπατεsayAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λέγωimperative (apodosis command)→ constative aorist imperative
theNominativearticle with κύριος
κύριοςLordNominativesubject of ἔχεικύριος: lord, master; here the messianic password — perhaps 'the Lord' (Jesus) or the colt's owner.
αὐτοῦof itGenitiveobjective genitive with χρείαν
χρείανneedAccusativeobject of ἔχει (idiom 'have need')χρεία: need, necessity.
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ stative presentἔχω: have, hold.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelytemporal adverbεὐθύς: 'at once.'
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἀποστέλλει
ἀποστέλλειhe will sendPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (futuristic present)→ futuristic presentἀποστέλλω: send (back); the subject is debated — Jesus or the owner.
πάλινagainadverbπάλιν: again, back.
ὧδεhereadverb of placeὧδε: 'here, to this place.'
4

καὶ ἀπῆλθον καὶ εὗρον πῶλον δεδεμένον πρὸς θύραν ἔξω ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀμφόδου, καὶ λύουσιν αὐτόν.

And they went away and found a colt tied at a door outside in the street, and they untie it.

FulfillmentκαίThe disciples' errand fulfills Jesus' word verbatim; aorists of going and finding give way to the historic present λύουσιν.
καὶandconnective
ἀπῆλθονthey went awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: go away, depart.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὗρονthey foundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: find.
πῶλονcoltAccusativedirect objectπῶλος: colt, foal.
δεδεμένονtiedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · δέωattributive participle modifying πῶλον→ perfect ptc. (state: bound)δέω: bind, tie.
πρὸςatpreposition + accusative (location)
θύρανa doorAccusativeobject of πρόςθύρα: door, gate.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of placeἔξω: outside, out.
ἐπὶinpreposition + genitive (location)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἀμφόδου
ἀμφόδουstreetGenitiveobject of ἐπίἄμφοδον: 'where two ways meet,' an open street or thoroughfare.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λύουσινthey untiePres Act Indic 3 Pl · λύωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)λύω: loose, untie.
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object
5

καί τινες τῶν ἐκεῖ ἑστηκότων ἔλεγον αὐτοῖς· Τί ποιεῖτε λύοντες τὸν πῶλον;

And some of those standing there said to them, 'What are you doing, untying the colt?'

ReactionκαίThe bystanders' challenge matches Jesus' prediction in v.3, confirming his foreknowledge.
καίandconnective
τινεςsomeNominativesubject of ἔλεγοντις: indefinite, 'some, certain ones.'
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle with ἑστηκότων (partitive)
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there.'
ἑστηκότωνstandingPerf Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἵστημιsubstantival participle (partitive gen.)→ perfect ptc. with present sense ('standing')ἵστημι: (perf.) stand; the perfect is used as a present 'stand.'
ἔλεγονsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing/inceptive speaking)λέγω: say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative direct objectτίς: interrogative 'what?'
ποιεῖτεare you doingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb of question→ progressive presentποιέω: do, make.
λύοντεςuntyingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λύωcircumstantial participle (manner)→ present ptc., contemporaneousλύω: untie, loose.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with πῶλον
πῶλονcoltAccusativeobject of λύοντεςπῶλος: colt.
6

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς καθὼς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἀφῆκαν αὐτούς.

And they told them just as Jesus had said, and they let them go.

ResolutionδέThe password works; obedience and Jesus' word again align (καθὼς εἶπεν).
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲanddevelopmental connectiveδέ: 'and, but'; mild narrative development.
εἶπανtoldAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: say, tell.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative indirect object
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunctionκαθώς: 'just as, according as.'
εἶπενhad saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus, 'YHWH saves.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφῆκανthey let goAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀφίημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀφίημι: leave, permit, let go.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
7

καὶ φέρουσιν τὸν πῶλον πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἐπιβάλλουσιν αὐτῷ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν.

And they bring the colt to Jesus, and throw their garments on it, and he sat on it.

ActionκαίHistoric presents (φέρουσιν, ἐπιβάλλουσιν) frame the royal mounting; spreading garments is homage to a king (cf. 2 Kgs 9:13).
καὶandconnective
φέρουσινthey bringPres Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)φέρω: bring, carry.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with πῶλον
πῶλονcoltAccusativedirect objectπῶλος: colt.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with Ἰησοῦν
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobject of πρόςἸησοῦς: Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιβάλλουσινthey throw onPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)ἐπιβάλλω: throw over/upon, lay on.
αὐτῷitDativedative (on it)
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἱμάτια
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect objectἱμάτιον: outer garment, cloak.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκάθισενhe satAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίζωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (took his seat)καθίζω: sit, take a seat; the king mounts.
ἐπ’onpreposition (ἐπί) + accusative
αὐτόνitAccusativeobject of ἐπί
8

καὶ πολλοὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἔστρωσαν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν, ἄλλοι δὲ στιβάδας κόψαντες ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν.

And many spread their garments on the road, and others leafy branches that they had cut from the fields.

Acclamation (act)καίThe crowd's royal welcome: garments and greenery strewn on the way, the gestures of receiving a king.
καὶandconnective
πολλοὶmanyNominativesubject of ἔστρωσανπολύς: many, much.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἱμάτια
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect objectἱμάτιον: cloak, garment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἔστρωσανspreadAor Act Indic 3 Pl · στρώννυμιmain verb→ constative aoristστρώννυμι: spread out, strew.
εἰςonpreposition + accusative (onto)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ὁδόν
ὁδόνroadAccusativeobject of εἰςὁδός: way, road.
ἄλλοιothersNominativesubject (with implied verb)ἄλλος: other, another.
δὲanddevelopmental connectiveδέ: 'and, but.'
στιβάδαςleafy branchesAccusativeobject (of implied ἔστρωσαν)στιβάς: a bed of leaves, layer of cut foliage/branches.
κόψαντεςhaving cutAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κόπτωcircumstantial participle (antecedent action)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to the spreadingκόπτω: cut, cut off (here foliage).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ἀγρῶν
ἀγρῶνfieldsGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)ἀγρός: field, countryside.
9

καὶ οἱ προάγοντες καὶ οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες ἔκραζον· Ὡσαννά· Εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου·

And those going ahead and those following kept crying out, 'Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!'

Acclamation (word)καίThe Hosanna chant from Ps 118:25–26, the pilgrim psalm; ὡσαννά ('save now!') has become an acclamation. The imperfect ἔκραζον paints sustained shouting.
καὶandconnective
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantivizing προάγοντες
προάγοντεςgoing aheadPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προάγωsubstantival participle (subject)→ present ptc., ongoingπροάγω: go before, lead the way.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantivizing ἀκολουθοῦντες
ἀκολουθοῦντεςfollowingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκολουθέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ present ptc., ongoingἀκολουθέω: follow, accompany.
ἔκραζονkept crying outImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κράζωmain verb→ iterative imperfect (sustained shouting)κράζω: cry out, shout.
ὩσαννάHosannaindeclinable acclamation (transliterated Hebrew/Aramaic)ὡσαννά: from Heb. הושע נא 'save now!' (Ps 118:25), here a shout of praise.
ΕὐλογημένοςblessedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωpredicate participle (acclamation 'blessed is')→ perfect ptc. (settled state of blessing)εὐλογέω: bless, speak well of; the Ps 118:26 benediction.
the oneNominativearticle substantivizing ἐρχόμενος
ἐρχόμενοςwho comesPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιsubstantival participle (subject of acclamation)→ present ptc.; 'the Coming One' (messianic)ἔρχομαι: come; 'the one who comes' is a messianic title.
ἐνinpreposition + dative
ὀνόματιthe nameDativeobject of ἐνὄνομα: name.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of possession (the Lord's name)κύριος: Lord (YHWH in the psalm).
10

Εὐλογημένη ἡ ἐρχομένη βασιλεία τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Δαυίδ· Ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις.

'Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest!'

Acclamation (continued)asyndetonThe crowd reads the entry as the dawn of David's kingdom; asyndeton heightens the chant. 'In the highest' invokes heaven's own praise.
ΕὐλογημένηblessedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · εὐλογέωpredicate participle (acclamation)→ perfect ptc. (settled state of blessing)εὐλογέω: bless.
theNominativearticle with βασιλεία
ἐρχομένηcomingPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔρχομαιattributive participle modifying βασιλεία→ present ptc.; the 'coming' kingdomἔρχομαι: come.
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubject of the acclamationβασιλεία: kingdom, reign.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with πατρός
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive (the kingdom 'of our father')πατήρ: father, ancestor.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession
ΔαυίδDavidGenitivegenitive in apposition to πατρόςΔαυίδ: David, Israel's archetypal king; the indeclinable name here stands in apposition as a genitive.
ὩσαννὰHosannaindeclinable acclamationὡσαννά: 'save now!' (Ps 118:25), used as a shout of praise.
ἐνinpreposition + dative
τοῖςtheDativearticle with ὑψίστοις
ὑψίστοιςhighestDativeobject of ἐν (substantival adj.)ὕψιστος: highest; 'in the highest (heavens),' a call for heaven's praise.
11

Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα εἰς τὸ ἱερόν· καὶ περιβλεψάμενος πάντα, ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας, ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα.

And he entered Jerusalem, into the temple; and after looking around at everything, since the hour was already late, he went out to Bethany with the Twelve.

Scene closeκαίAn anticlimactic close: the king enters his temple, surveys all (a deliberate inspection foreshadowing the cleansing), then withdraws — bracketing the temple action to come.
Καὶandconnective
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: go in, enter.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ἱερόν
ἱερόνtempleAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ἱερόν: temple (the whole sacred precinct).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιβλεψάμενοςlooking around atAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · περιβλέπωcircumstantial participle (antecedent)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to ἐξῆλθενπεριβλέπομαι: look around (mid.); a Markan favorite for Jesus' surveying gaze.
πάνταeverythingAccusativeobject of περιβλεψάμενοςπᾶς: all, everything.
ὀψίαςlateGenitivepredicate adj. in genitive absoluteὄψιος: late (of the day/evening).
ἤδηalreadytemporal adverbἤδη: already, now.
οὔσηςbeingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · εἰμίgenitive absolute (causal/temporal)→ present ptc. (genitive absolute)εἰμί: be.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with ὥρας
ὥραςhourGenitivesubject of the genitive absoluteὥρα: hour, time.
ἐξῆλθενhe went outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: go out, depart.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΒηθανίανBethanyAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Βηθανία: Bethany.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with δώδεκα
δώδεκαTwelveGenitiveobject of μετά (indeclinable numeral, here gen.)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the inner circle of disciples.
12

Καὶ τῇ ἐπαύριον ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ Βηθανίας ἐπείνασεν.

And on the next day, when they had come out from Bethany, he was hungry.

New scene (fig tree)καίThe fig-tree episode opens; Jesus' hunger sets up the acted parable that brackets the temple cleansing.
Καὶandconnective
τῇon theDativearticle with ἐπαύριον (dative of time)
ἐπαύριονnext dayadverb (substantivized, 'the morrow')ἐπαύριον: 'on the next day'; an adverb used with the article for time.
ἐξελθόντωνhaving come outAor Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ aorist ptc. (genitive absolute), antecedentἐξέρχομαι: go out, depart.
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of the genitive absolute
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ΒηθανίαςBethanyGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)Βηθανία: Bethany.
ἐπείνασενhe was hungryAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πεινάωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (became hungry)πεινάω: hunger, be hungry.
13

καὶ ἰδὼν συκῆν ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔχουσαν φύλλα ἦλθεν εἰ ἄρα τι εὑρήσει ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐπ’ αὐτὴν οὐδὲν εὗρεν εἰ μὴ φύλλα· ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς οὐκ ἦν σύκων.

And seeing in the distance a fig tree in leaf, he went to see if perhaps he would find anything on it; and coming to it he found nothing but leaves, for it was not the season for figs.

InspectionκαίThe tree's leaves promise fruit it does not bear — an emblem of fruitless Israel/temple. The narrator's aside (γάρ) that it was not the season sharpens the parabolic, not horticultural, intent.
καὶandconnective
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial participle (antecedent)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to ἦλθενὁράω: see, perceive.
συκῆνa fig treeAccusativeobject of ἰδώνσυκῆ: fig tree.
ἀπὸfrompreposition (with μακρόθεν, 'afar')
μακρόθενa distanceadverb (ἀπὸ μακρόθεν = 'from afar')μακρόθεν: from afar, at a distance.
ἔχουσανhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἔχωattributive participle modifying συκῆν→ present ptc., ongoing stateἔχω: have, bear.
φύλλαleavesAccusativeobject of ἔχουσανφύλλον: leaf.
ἦλθενhe wentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: come, go.
εἰifconjunction introducing indirect questionεἰ: 'if, whether.'
ἄραperhapsinferential/dubitative particleἄρα: 'then, perhaps'; here marking expectation.
τιanythingAccusativeobject of εὑρήσει (indefinite)τις: indefinite, 'something, anything.'
εὑρήσειhe would findFut Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of indirect question→ future (deliberative in indirect question)εὑρίσκω: find.
ἐνonpreposition + dative
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν (the tree)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλθὼνcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial participle (antecedent)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to εὗρενἔρχομαι: come.
ἐπ’topreposition (ἐπί) + accusative
αὐτὴνitAccusativeobject of ἐπί
οὐδὲνnothingAccusativeobject of εὗρενοὐδείς: no one, nothing.
εὗρενhe foundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: find.
εἰbutpart of εἰ μή ('except')
μὴ(except)εἰ μή = 'except, but'εἰ μή: 'except, only.'
φύλλαleavesAccusativeobject after εἰ μήφύλλον: leaf.
theNominativearticle with καιρός
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (narrator's aside)γάρ: 'for'; introduces the explanation.
καιρὸςseasonNominativesubject of ἦνκαιρός: time, season, appointed time.
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb→ imperfect (state in the past)εἰμί: be.
σύκωνof figsGenitivegenitive (the season 'for figs')σῦκον: fig (the fruit).
14

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτῇ· Μηκέτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἐκ σοῦ μηδεὶς καρπὸν φάγοι. καὶ ἤκουον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.

And in response he said to it, 'May no one ever eat fruit from you again.' And his disciples were listening.

PronouncementκαίThe curse, an optative of wish (φάγοι), pronounces judgment; the note that the disciples heard (ἤκουον) prepares for vv.20–21.
καὶandconnective
ἀποκριθεὶςin responseAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle (Semitic 'answered and said')→ aorist ptc., pleonastic with εἶπενἀποκρίνομαι: answer, respond; here pleonastic Semitism.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of speaking→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: say.
αὐτῇto itDativedative indirect object (the tree)
Μηκέτιno longernegative adverb (with optative)μηκέτι: 'no longer, never again.'
εἰςforpreposition (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα = 'forever')
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with αἰῶνα
αἰῶναageAccusativeobject of εἰς (idiom 'forever')αἰών: age; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα = 'forever.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
σοῦyouGenitiveobject of ἐκ (the tree addressed)
μηδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of φάγοιμηδείς: no one (with non-indicative moods).
καρπὸνfruitAccusativedirect object of φάγοικαρπός: fruit.
φάγοιmay eatAor Act Opt 3 Sg · ἐσθίωoptative of wish (the curse)→ aorist optative (volitive wish)ἐσθίω: eat; the rare optative voices an imprecation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤκουονwere listeningImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing: they kept listening)ἀκούω: hear, listen.
οἱtheNominativearticle with μαθηταί
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject of ἤκουονμαθητής: disciple.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
15

Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα. καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἤρξατο ἐκβάλλειν τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ τοὺς ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, καὶ τὰς τραπέζας τῶν κολλυβιστῶν καὶ τὰς καθέδρας τῶν πωλούντων τὰς περιστερὰς κατέστρεψεν,

And they come to Jerusalem. And entering the temple he began to drive out those selling and those buying in the temple, and he overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those selling the doves,

Temple actionκαίThe cleansing proper; the inceptive ἤρξατο introduces a burst of prophetic action against the commerce that had displaced prayer.
Καὶandconnective
ἔρχονταιthey comePres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: come, go.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσελθὼνenteringAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (antecedent)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to ἤρξατοεἰσέρχομαι: enter.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ἱερόν
ἱερὸνtempleAccusativeobject of εἰςἱερόν: temple precinct.
ἤρξατοhe beganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχωmain verb (+ inf.)→ ingressive aorist (began)ἄρχομαι: begin (mid.).
ἐκβάλλεινto drive outPres Act Infin · ἐκβάλλωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitive (durative driving out)ἐκβάλλω: cast out, drive out.
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle substantivizing πωλοῦντας
πωλοῦνταςsellingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · πωλέωsubstantival participle (object)→ present ptc., ongoingπωλέω: sell.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle substantivizing ἀγοράζοντας
ἀγοράζονταςbuyingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἀγοράζωsubstantival participle (object)→ present ptc., ongoingἀγοράζω: buy, purchase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle with ἱερῷ
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν (place)ἱερόν: temple.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with τραπέζας
τραπέζαςtablesAccusativeobject of κατέστρεψεντράπεζα: table (here money-changers' table).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with κολλυβιστῶν
κολλυβιστῶνmoney-changersGenitivepossessive genitiveκολλυβιστής: money-changer (who exchanged for the temple tax).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with καθέδρας
καθέδραςseatsAccusativeobject of κατέστρεψενκαθέδρα: seat, chair.
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle substantivizing πωλούντων
πωλούντωνsellingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · πωλέωsubstantival participle (possessive gen.)→ present ptc., ongoingπωλέω: sell.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with περιστεράς
περιστερὰςdovesAccusativeobject of πωλούντωνπεριστερά: dove, pigeon (the poor's offering, Lev 5:7).
κατέστρεψενhe overturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταστρέφω: overturn, overthrow.
16

καὶ οὐκ ἤφιεν ἵνα τις διενέγκῃ σκεῦος διὰ τοῦ ἱεροῦ.

and he would not allow anyone to carry a vessel through the temple.

Temple action (continued)καίUnique to Mark: barring the temple court as a shortcut for trade restores its sanctity as a place set apart for worship.
καὶandconnective
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἤφιενwould allowImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb→ customary imperfect (kept not allowing)ἀφίημι: permit, allow, let.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing object clauseἵνα: 'that'; here introduces the content of allowing.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject of διενέγκῃτις: anyone, someone.
διενέγκῃshould carryAor Act Subj 3 Sg · διαφέρωverb of the ἵνα clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (potential action)διαφέρω: carry through/across.
σκεῦοςa vesselAccusativedirect objectσκεῦος: vessel, container, implement (goods).
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (path)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἱεροῦ
ἱεροῦtempleGenitiveobject of διά (path)ἱερόν: temple precinct.
17

καὶ ἐδίδασκεν καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Οὐ γέγραπται ὅτι Ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν; ὑμεῖς δὲ πεποιήκατε αὐτὸν σπήλαιον λῃστῶν.

And he was teaching and saying to them, 'Is it not written, "My house shall be called a house of prayer for all the nations"? But you have made it a den of robbers.'

Scriptural indictmentκαίThe interpretive key: Isa 56:7 ('house of prayer for all the nations' — Mark alone keeps the universal clause) set against Jer 7:11 ('den of robbers'). The temple's vocation toward the nations has been betrayed.
καὶandconnective
ἐδίδασκενhe was teachingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διδάσκωmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing teaching)διδάσκω: teach.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔλεγενsayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing)λέγω: say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
Οὐnotnegative (expecting 'yes' answer)οὐ: 'not'; in a question expects affirmative answer.
γέγραπταιis it writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb of the question→ perfect (standing authority of Scripture)γράφω: write; perf. 'it stands written.'
ὅτιthatὅτι recitativum (introduces quotation)ὅτι: 'that'; here marks direct citation.
theNominativearticle with οἶκός
οἶκόςhouseNominativesubject of κληθήσεταιοἶκος: house, household.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
οἶκοςa houseNominativepredicate nominative (with κληθήσεται)οἶκος: house.
προσευχῆςof prayerGenitiveattributive/descriptive genitiveπροσευχή: prayer; the temple's defining purpose.
κληθήσεταιshall be calledFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb of the citation→ predictive future (divine purpose)καλέω: call, name.
πᾶσινfor allDativeattributive adj. with ἔθνεσιν (dat. of advantage)πᾶς: all.
τοῖςtheDativearticle with ἔθνεσιν
ἔθνεσινnationsDativedative of advantage ('for the nations')ἔθνος: nation, Gentile; Mark alone retains the universal scope of Isa 56:7.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject of πεποιήκατεσύ: you (pl.), emphatic by position.
δὲbutadversative connectiveδέ: 'but'; the contrast with Scripture.
πεποιήκατεhave madePerf Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb→ intensive perfect (settled result)ποιέω: make, do.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object (the house)
σπήλαιονa denAccusativeobject complement (made it a den)σπήλαιον: cave, den (Jer 7:11).
λῃστῶνof robbersGenitivegenitive of description/possessionλῃστής: robber, bandit, insurrectionist.
18

καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἐζήτουν πῶς αὐτὸν ἀπολέσωσιν· ἐφοβοῦντο γὰρ αὐτόν, πᾶς γὰρ ὁ ὄχλος ἐξεπλήσσετο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ.

And the chief priests and the scribes heard it, and they were seeking how they might destroy him; for they feared him, because the whole crowd was astonished at his teaching.

Hostile reactionκαίThe cleansing triggers the lethal plot; the leaders' fear of the crowd (held in awe by Jesus' teaching) restrains them — a Markan tension sustained to the passion.
καὶandconnective
ἤκουσανheardAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: hear.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἀρχιερεῖς
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubject (compound)ἀρχιερεύς: chief priest, high priest.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with γραμματεῖς
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubject (compound)γραμματεύς: scribe, expert in the law.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐζήτουνwere seekingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ iterative imperfect (kept seeking)ζητέω: seek, look for.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (indirect question)πῶς: 'how?'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of ἀπολέσωσιν
ἀπολέσωσινthey might destroyAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀπόλλυμιdeliberative subjunctive (indirect question)→ aorist subjunctive (deliberative)ἀπόλλυμι: destroy, kill, ruin.
ἐφοβοῦντοthey fearedImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb (causal clause)→ imperfect (ongoing fear)φοβέομαι: fear, be afraid of.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: 'for.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of ἐφοβοῦντο
πᾶςwholeNominativeattributive adj. with ὄχλοςπᾶς: all, whole.
γὰρbecauseexplanatory conjunction (second cause)γάρ: 'for, because.'
theNominativearticle with ὄχλος
ὄχλοςcrowdNominativesubject of ἐξεπλήσσετοὄχλος: crowd, multitude.
ἐξεπλήσσετοwas astonishedImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπλήσσωmain verb of causal clause→ imperfect (sustained amazement)ἐκπλήσσομαι: be amazed, astounded.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause/ground)
τῇtheDativearticle with διδαχῇ
διδαχῇteachingDativeobject of ἐπί (ground of amazement)διδαχή: teaching, instruction.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of source/possession
19

Καὶ ὅταν ὀψὲ ἐγένετο, ἐξεπορεύοντο ἔξω τῆς πόλεως.

And whenever evening came, they would go out of the city.

Scene closeκαίThe iterative ὅταν ... ἐξεπορεύοντο marks Jesus' nightly withdrawal from the city through this Passion week.
Καὶandconnective
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (iterative)ὅταν: 'whenever, when.'
ὀψὲeveningadverb of timeὀψέ: late, in the evening.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist (iterative with ὅταν)γίνομαι: become, come to be.
ἐξεπορεύοντοthey would go outImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιmain verb→ customary imperfect (habitual)ἐκπορεύομαι: go out, depart.
ἔξωout ofimproper preposition + genitiveἔξω: outside, out of (+ gen.).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with πόλεως
πόλεωςcityGenitiveobject of ἔξωπόλις: city.
20

Καὶ παραπορευόμενοι πρωῒ εἶδον τὴν συκῆν ἐξηραμμένην ἐκ ῥιζῶν.

And passing by early in the morning, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots.

Fulfillment (fig tree)καίThe bracket closes: the cursed tree is withered 'from the roots' — total, judicial destruction. The temple it framed is likewise under sentence.
Καὶandconnective
παραπορευόμενοιpassing byPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · παραπορεύομαιtemporal/circumstantial participle→ present ptc., contemporaneousπαραπορεύομαι: pass by, go along.
πρωῒearlyadverb of timeπρωΐ: early, in the morning.
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: see.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with συκῆν
συκῆνfig treeAccusativedirect objectσυκῆ: fig tree.
ἐξηραμμένηνwitheredPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ξηραίνωpredicate participle (saw it 'withered')→ perfect ptc. (completed, abiding state)ξηραίνω: dry up, wither.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/extent)
ῥιζῶνthe rootsGenitiveobject of ἐκῥίζα: root; 'from the roots' = utterly.
21

καὶ ἀναμνησθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος λέγει αὐτῷ· Ῥαββί, ἴδε ἡ συκῆ ἣν κατηράσω ἐξήρανται.

And Peter, remembering, says to him, 'Rabbi, look, the fig tree that you cursed has withered.'

RecollectionκαίPeter's exclamation links curse and result and prompts Jesus' teaching on faith and prayer.
καὶandconnective
ἀναμνησθεὶςrememberingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναμιμνῄσκωcircumstantial participle (antecedent)→ aorist ptc., antecedent to λέγειἀναμιμνῄσκομαι: remember, recall.
theNominativearticle with Πέτρος
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject of λέγειΠέτρος: Peter, 'rock.'
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: say.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object
ῬαββίRabbiindeclinable vocative of address (transliterated)ῥαββί: 'my master, teacher' (Heb./Aram.), a title of respect.
ἴδεlookAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωinterjectional imperative ('look!')→ aorist imperative (attention-getter)ἴδε: 'see! look!'; frozen imperative of εἶδον.
theNominativearticle with συκῆ
συκῆfig treeNominativesubject of ἐξήρανταισυκῆ: fig tree.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun, object of κατηράσω
κατηράσωyou cursedAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · καταράομαιverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristκαταράομαι: curse, call down a curse on.
ἐξήρανταιhas witheredPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ξηραίνωmain verb of Peter's clause→ perfect (completed with abiding result)ξηραίνω: dry up, wither.
22

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ἔχετε πίστιν θεοῦ.

And in answer Jesus says to them, 'Have faith in God.'

Teaching (thesis)καίJesus turns the withered tree into a lesson; πίστιν θεοῦ (objective gen., 'faith in God') heads the discourse on believing prayer.
καὶandconnective
ἀποκριθεὶςin answerAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle (Semitic pleonasm)→ aorist ptc., pleonastic with λέγειἀποκρίνομαι: answer, respond.
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of λέγειἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
ἜχετεhavePres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἔχωimperative (command)→ present imperative (durative 'keep having')ἔχω: have, hold.
πίστινfaithAccusativedirect objectπίστις: faith, trust.
θεοῦin GodGenitiveobjective genitive ('faith in God')θεός: God; objective genitive, the object of the faith.
23

ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ· Ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ μὴ διακριθῇ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἀλλὰ πιστεύῃ ὅτι ὃ λαλεῖ γίνεται, ἔσται αὐτῷ.

Truly I say to you that whoever says to this mountain, 'Be lifted up and thrown into the sea,' and does not doubt in his heart but believes that what he says will happen — it will be done for him.

Solemn teachingasyndetonThe ἀμήν saying on mountain-moving prayer; 'this mountain' may point to Olivet or the Temple Mount itself, making the promise pointedly local to the scene.
ἀμὴνtrulyindeclinable affirmation (solemn intro)ἀμήν: 'truly, amen'; Jesus' authoritative formula.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introductory)→ present (performative)λέγω: say.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing contentὅτι: 'that.'
ὃςwhoeverNominativeindefinite relative subject (ὃς ἂν)ὅς: who; with ἄν, 'whoever.'
ἂν-evermodal particle (contingency)ἄν: marks indefiniteness/contingency.
εἴπῃsaysAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite)λέγω/εἶπον: say.
τῷto theDativearticle with ὄρει
ὄρειmountainDativedative indirect object of εἴπῃὄρος: mountain; 'this mountain' — perhaps Olivet or the Temple Mount.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative modifying ὄρειοὗτος: this.
Ἄρθητιbe lifted upAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · αἴρωimperative (direct address to mountain)→ aorist passive imperativeαἴρω: take up, lift, remove.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βλήθητιbe thrownAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · βάλλωimperative (direct address)→ aorist passive imperativeβάλλω: throw, cast.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with θάλασσαν
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)θάλασσα: sea.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative (with subjunctive)μή: 'not.'
διακριθῇdoubtAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · διακρίνωsubjunctive in the conditional rel. clause→ aorist subjunctive (waver/doubt)διακρίνομαι: waver, doubt, be divided.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle with καρδίᾳ
καρδίᾳheartDativeobject of ἐν (sphere)καρδία: heart, inner self.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἀλλὰbutstrong adversativeἀλλά: 'but, rather.'
πιστεύῃbelievesPres Act Subj 3 Sg · πιστεύωsubjunctive (positive counterpart)→ present subjunctive (ongoing trust)πιστεύω: believe, trust.
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing belief's contentὅτι: 'that.'
whatAccusativerelative pronoun, object of λαλεῖὅς: what, that which.
λαλεῖhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the relative clause→ present (general)λαλέω: speak, say.
γίνεταιwill happenPres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of the belief-clause→ futuristic presentγίνομαι: happen, come to pass.
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the apodosis→ predictive futureεἰμί: be; 'it will be (done).'
αὐτῷfor himDativedative of advantage
24

διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν, πάντα ὅσα προσεύχεσθε καὶ αἰτεῖσθε, πιστεύετε ὅτι ἐλάβετε, καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν.

Therefore I say to you, all things whatever you pray and ask for — believe that you have received them, and they will be yours.

Inference (application)διὰ τοῦτοThe principle applied to all prayer; the bold aorist ἐλάβετε ('you received') treats the answer as already granted to faith.
διὰbecause ofpreposition (διὰ τοῦτο = 'therefore')
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of διά (διὰ τοῦτο = 'therefore')οὗτος: this.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introductory)→ present (performative)λέγω: say.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object
πάνταall thingsAccusativeobject (proleptic, resumed by them)πᾶς: all.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative-quantity pronoun ('as many as')ὅσος: as much/many as, whatever.
προσεύχεσθεyou prayPres Mid/Pass Indic 2 Pl · προσεύχομαιverb of the relative clause→ present (general/customary)προσεύχομαι: pray.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αἰτεῖσθεask forPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · αἰτέωverb of the relative clause→ present (general)αἰτέω: ask, request (mid. for oneself).
πιστεύετεbelievePres Act Impv 2 Pl · πιστεύωimperative (main command)→ present imperative (ongoing faith)πιστεύω: believe.
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing belief's contentὅτι: 'that.'
ἐλάβετεyou have receivedAor Act Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωverb of the content clause→ proleptic/dramatic aorist (already granted)λαμβάνω: take, receive; the bold aorist of answered prayer.
καὶandcoordinating (result)
ἔσταιthey will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (result)→ predictive futureεἰμί: be.
ὑμῖνyoursDativedative of possession/advantage
25

καὶ ὅταν στήκετε προσευχόμενοι, ἀφίετε εἴ τι ἔχετε κατά τινος, ἵνα καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀφῇ ὑμῖν τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν.

And whenever you stand praying, forgive if you have anything against anyone, so that your Father in heaven may also forgive you your trespasses.

Condition of prayerκαίFaith-prayer is bound to forgiveness: the petitioner who would be heard must himself forgive, that the Father's forgiveness may answer. (Verse 26, repeating the negative converse from Matt 6:15, is omitted by the critical text.)
καὶandconnective
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (iterative)ὅταν: 'whenever, when.'
στήκετεyou standPres Act Indic 2 Pl · στήκωverb of the temporal clause→ present (customary, standing posture)στήκω: stand (a late present from the perfect of ἵστημι); the posture of prayer.
προσευχόμενοιprayingPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προσεύχομαιcircumstantial participle (manner)→ present ptc., contemporaneousπροσεύχομαι: pray.
ἀφίετεforgivePres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀφίημιimperative (main command)→ present imperative (habitual forgiving)ἀφίημι: forgive, release, let go.
εἴifconditional conjunctionεἰ: 'if.'
τιanythingAccusativeobject of ἔχετε (indefinite)τις: anything.
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωverb of the protasis→ present (state)ἔχω: have, hold (a grievance).
κατάagainstpreposition + genitive (hostile)κατά: 'against' (+ gen.).
τινοςanyoneGenitiveobject of κατά (indefinite)τις: anyone.
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose)ἵνα: 'in order that.'
καὶalsoadjunctive ('also')καί: 'also, even.'
theNominativearticle with πατήρ
πατὴρFatherNominativesubject of ἀφῇπατήρ: father.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
the (one)Nominativearticle introducing attributive phrase
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τοῖςtheDativearticle with οὐρανοῖς
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐν (place)οὐρανός: heaven, sky.
ἀφῇmay forgiveAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀφίημιverb of the ἵνα clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (purpose)ἀφίημι: forgive, release.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object
τὰtheAccusativearticle with παραπτώματα
παραπτώματαtrespassesAccusativedirect object of ἀφῇπαράπτωμα: trespass, transgression, fault.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
27

Καὶ ἔρχονται πάλιν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα. καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ περιπατοῦντος αὐτοῦ ἔρχονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι

And they come again to Jerusalem. And as he was walking in the temple, the chief priests and the scribes and the elders come to him

New scene (challenge)καίThe Sanhedrin's three constituent groups (chief priests, scribes, elders) approach in an official deputation — the authority question opens the temple-controversy cycle.
Καὶandconnective
ἔρχονταιthey comePres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: come.
πάλινagainadverbπάλιν: again.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle with ἱερῷ
ἱερῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν (place)ἱερόν: temple.
περιπατοῦντοςwalkingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · περιπατέωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ present ptc. (genitive absolute), contemporaneousπεριπατέω: walk about.
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of the genitive absolute
ἔρχονταιcomePres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: come.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἀρχιερεῖς
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubject (compound)ἀρχιερεύς: chief priest.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with γραμματεῖς
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubject (compound)γραμματεύς: scribe.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with πρεσβύτεροι
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubject (compound)πρεσβύτερος: elder; the three groups form the Sanhedrin.
28

καὶ ἔλεγον αὐτῷ· Ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; ἢ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῇς;

and they said to him, 'By what authority are you doing these things? Or who gave you this authority to do these things?'

Challenge (double question)καίA two-pronged demand: the kind of authority, and its source. 'These things' targets the entry and especially the temple cleansing.
καὶandconnective
ἔλεγονthey saidImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ imperfect (inceptive: began saying)λέγω: say.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object
Ἐνbypreposition + dative (means/sphere)
ποίᾳwhat kind ofDativeinterrogative adj. with ἐξουσίᾳποῖος: of what sort/kind.
ἐξουσίᾳauthorityDativeobject of ἐν (means)ἐξουσία: authority, right, power.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖςοὗτος: this.
ποιεῖςare you doingPres Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of the question→ progressive presentποιέω: do, make.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: 'or.'
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative subject of ἔδωκεντίς: who?
σοιyouDativedative indirect object
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: give.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἐξουσίαν
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενἐξουσία: authority.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative with ἐξουσίανοὗτος: this.
ἵναtoconjunction (purpose/epexegetical)ἵνα: 'in order that, to.'
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of ποιῇςοὗτος: this.
ποιῇςyou may doPres Act Subj 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of the ἵνα clause (subjunctive)→ present subjunctive (purpose)ποιέω: do.
29

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἐπερωτήσω ὑμᾶς ἕνα λόγον, καὶ ἀποκρίθητέ μοι, καὶ ἐρῶ ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ·

And Jesus said to them, 'I will ask you one question; answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I do these things.

Counter-questionδέRabbinic counter-question: Jesus offers to answer on condition they answer his — a trap that exposes their bad faith.
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
δὲanddevelopmental connectiveδέ: 'and, but.'
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
ἘπερωτήσωI will askFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ predictive futureἐπερωτάω: ask, question.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἕναoneAccusativeattributive numeral with λόγονεἷς: one.
λόγονquestionAccusativesecond/inner object (double accusative)λόγος: word; here 'a (single) matter, question.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκρίθητέanswerAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · ἀποκρίνομαιimperative (command)→ constative aorist imperativeἀποκρίνομαι: answer.
μοιmeDativedative indirect object
καὶandcoordinating (result)
ἐρῶI will tellFut Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureλέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): say, tell.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)
ποίᾳwhat kind ofDativeinterrogative adj. with ἐξουσίᾳποῖος: of what kind.
ἐξουσίᾳauthorityDativeobject of ἐν (indirect question)ἐξουσία: authority.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of ποιῶοὗτος: this.
ποιῶI doPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωverb of the indirect question→ progressive presentποιέω: do.
30

τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων; ἀποκρίθητέ μοι.

The baptism of John — was it from heaven or from men? Answer me.'

The counter-questionasyndetonThe dilemma: John's authority and Jesus' are of a piece. To grant John's heavenly mandate is to grant Jesus'; to deny it courts the crowd.
τὸtheNominativearticle with βάπτισμα
βάπτισμαbaptismNominativesubject of ἦνβάπτισμα: baptism.
τὸthe (of)Nominativearticle governing Ἰωάννου (attributive gen.)
Ἰωάννουof JohnGenitiveattributive genitive (John's baptism)Ἰωάννης: John (the Baptist).
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐξ (source; circumlocution for God)οὐρανός: heaven; reverent circumlocution for God.
ἦνwas itImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb of the question→ imperfect (past state)εἰμί: be.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: 'or.'
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitiveobject of ἐξ (source)ἄνθρωπος: man, human being.
ἀποκρίθητέanswerAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · ἀποκρίνομαιimperative (command)→ constative aorist imperativeἀποκρίνομαι: answer.
μοιmeDativedative indirect object
31

καὶ διελογίζοντο πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγοντες· Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν· Ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ· Διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ;

And they discussed it among themselves, saying, 'If we say, "From heaven," he will say, "Why then did you not believe him?"'

DeliberationκαίThe leaders weigh the horns of the dilemma; the first horn would convict them of unbelief toward John (and so toward Jesus).
καὶandconnective
διελογίζοντοthey discussedImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · διαλογίζομαιmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing deliberation)διαλογίζομαι: reason, discuss, debate.
πρὸςamongpreposition + accusative (reciprocal)
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesAccusativereflexive object of πρόςἑαυτοῦ: -self; here reciprocal, 'among themselves.'
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (manner)→ present ptc., contemporaneousλέγω: say.
Ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (3rd class)ἐάν: 'if' + subjunctive.
εἴπωμενwe sayAor Act Subj 1 Pl · λέγωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (contingent)λέγω/εἶπον: say.
Ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐξοὐρανός: heaven.
ἐρεῖhe will sayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of the apodosis→ predictive futureλέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): say.
Διὰbecause ofpreposition (διὰ τί = 'why')
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (διὰ τί = 'why?')τίς: interrogative; 'why?'
οὖνtheninferential particleοὖν: 'then, therefore.'
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἐπιστεύσατεdid you believeAor Act Indic 2 Pl · πιστεύωmain verb of the rebuke-question→ constative aoristπιστεύω: believe, trust.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of πιστεύω
32

ἀλλὰ εἴπωμεν· Ἐξ ἀνθρώπων; — ἐφοβοῦντο τὸν ὄχλον, ἅπαντες γὰρ εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν.

But shall we say, 'From men'? — they feared the crowd, for everyone held that John really was a prophet.

Deliberation (second horn)ἀλλάThe second horn is unspeakable for fear of the crowd; Mark breaks off the question with a narrator's aside explaining their dread.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunctionἀλλά: 'but.'
εἴπωμενshall we sayAor Act Subj 1 Pl · λέγωdeliberative subjunctive→ aorist subjunctive (deliberative)λέγω/εἶπον: say.
Ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitiveobject of ἐξἄνθρωπος: man, human being.
ἐφοβοῦντοthey fearedImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb (narrator's aside)→ imperfect (ongoing fear)φοβέομαι: fear, be afraid of.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ὄχλον
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativeobject of ἐφοβοῦντοὄχλος: crowd.
ἅπαντεςeveryoneNominativesubject of εἶχονἅπας: all, everyone (intensive of πᾶς).
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: 'for.'
εἶχονheldImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb ('held, regarded')→ imperfect (settled opinion)ἔχω: have, hold, regard.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with Ἰωάννην
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativedirect object of εἶχονἸωάννης: John the Baptist.
ὄντωςreallyadverb of truth/realityὄντως: truly, really, in fact.
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing contentὅτι: 'that.'
προφήτηςa prophetNominativepredicate nominativeπροφήτης: prophet.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb of the ὅτι clause→ imperfect (past state)εἰμί: be.
33

καὶ ἀποκριθέντες τῷ Ἰησοῦ λέγουσιν· Οὐκ οἴδαμεν. καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ.

And answering Jesus they say, 'We do not know.' And Jesus says to them, 'Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.'

Resolution (impasse)καίTheir evasive 'we do not know' forfeits their standing as teachers; Jesus' refusal is itself a verdict — his authority is self-authenticating, and they have disqualified themselves from receiving the answer.
καὶandconnective
ἀποκριθέντεςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial participle (Semitic 'answered and said')→ aorist ptc., antecedent to λέγουσινἀποκρίνομαι: answer.
τῷtheDativearticle with Ἰησοῦ
ἸησοῦJesusDativedative (object of ἀποκριθέντες)Ἰησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: say.
Οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
οἴδαμενwe knowPerf Act Indic 1 Pl · οἶδαmain verb (perf. with present sense)→ perfect with present force ('we know')οἶδα: know (perf. with present meaning).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of λέγειἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
Οὐδὲneithernegative conjunction ('neither, not even')οὐδέ: 'neither, not even.'
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subjectἐγώ: I (emphatic).
λέγωtellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ present (refusal stated)λέγω: say, tell.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)
ποίᾳwhat kind ofDativeinterrogative adj. with ἐξουσίᾳποῖος: of what kind.
ἐξουσίᾳauthorityDativeobject of ἐν (indirect question)ἐξουσία: authority.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of ποιῶοὗτος: this.
ποιῶI doPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωverb of the indirect question→ progressive presentποιέω: do.