Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 10ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ Ι′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀναστὰς ἔρχεται εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, καὶ συμπορεύονται πάλιν ὄχλοι πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ὡς εἰώθει πάλιν ἐδίδασκεν αὐτούς.

And rising from there he comes into the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan, and crowds gather to him again, and as was his custom he taught them again.

Scene transitionΚαίA geographic transition opens the journey to Judea; the historic present ἔρχεται and συμπορεύονται render the scene vivid in Mark's manner.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (paratactic)
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source)ἐκεῖθεν: 'from that place'; resumes the Galilean ministry of ch. 9, now turning south.
ἀναστὰςhaving risenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, set out'; here of breaking camp to journey.
ἔρχεταιhe comesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; Mark's vivid present narrates the arrival as before the reader's eyes.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ὅριαregion/bordersAccusativeobject of εἰςὅριον: 'boundary, territory'; the plural denotes the district within its borders.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitivegenitive of definition (which region)Ἰουδαία: Judea; the southern province, the journey's destination toward Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πέρανbeyondimproper preposition + genitive (place)πέραν: 'across, beyond'; the Perea region east of the Jordan.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἸορδάνουJordanGenitiveobject of πέρανἸορδάνης: the Jordan river; the route to Jerusalem via Perea avoided Samaria.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συμπορεύονταιthey gather/come togetherPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · συμπορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)συμπορεύομαι: 'go together, gather' (σύν + πορεύομαι); the crowds converge on him.
πάλινagainadverb (frequency)πάλιν: 'again'; a favorite Markan adverb resuming his habitual teaching.
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude'; the plural emphasizes the throngs.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὡςasconjunction (comparison)
εἰώθειhe was accustomedPlupf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἴωθαverb of subordinate clause→ pluperfect (settled custom)εἴωθα: 'be accustomed'; the pluperfect-with-imperfect sense marks his habitual practice.
πάλινagainadverb (frequency)
ἐδίδασκενhe taughtImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διδάσκωmain verb→ customary/durative imperfectδιδάσκω: 'teach'; the imperfect paints sustained, repeated teaching of the crowds.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
2

Καὶ προσελθόντες Φαρισαῖοι ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἔξεστιν ἀνδρὶ γυναῖκα ἀπολῦσαι, πειράζοντες αὐτόν.

And Pharisees came up and asked him whether it is lawful for a man to divorce his wife, testing him.

Hostile questionΚαίThe Pharisees pose a divorce question not to learn but to test (πειράζοντες), perhaps to trap him as they had John (cf. 6:18).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσελθόντεςhaving come upAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προσέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristπροσέρχομαι: 'approach, come to'.
ΦαρισαῖοιPhariseesNominativesubjectΦαρισαῖος: 'separated one'; the legal party here probing Jesus.
ἐπηρώτωνthey were askingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ inceptive/durative imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'question, interrogate'; the imperfect sets the questioning in motion.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
εἰwhetherconjunction (indirect question)
ἔξεστινit is lawfulPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔξεστι(ν)impersonal verb→ stative presentἔξεστι: 'it is permitted/lawful'; the legal crux of the test.
ἀνδρὶfor a man/husbandDativedat. of reference (the one permitted)ἀνήρ: 'man, husband'; the one whose right to divorce is in question.
γυναῖκαa wifeAccusativeobject of ἀπολῦσαιγυνή: 'woman, wife'.
ἀπολῦσαιto divorceAor Act Inf · ἀπολύωepexegetical infinitive (subject of ἔξεστιν)→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'release, dismiss'; the technical term for divorce.
πειράζοντεςtestingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πειράζωadverbial ptc. (purpose)→ present (concurrent)πειράζω: 'test, tempt'; reveals the hostile intent behind the question.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of ptc.
3

ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τί ὑμῖν ἐνετείλατο Μωϋσῆς;

And he answered and said to them, 'What did Moses command you?'

Counter-questionδέJesus answers a question with a question, turning them back to the Mosaic command — testing whether they grasp its character.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲand/butconnective particle (development)
ἀποκριθεὶςhaving answeredAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (pleonastic, Semitic)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; the redundant ptc.+finite-verb idiom translates Hebrew narrative style.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say'.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ἐνετείλατο)
ὑμῖνyouDativeindirect object (to whom commanded)
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (question)→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command, enjoin'; of authoritative instruction.
ΜωϋσῆςMosesNominativesubjectΜωϋσῆς: Moses, the lawgiver; the proper name takes its syntactic case (nom subject).
4

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Ἐπέτρεψεν Μωϋσῆς βιβλίον ἀποστασίου γράψαι καὶ ἀπολῦσαι.

And they said, 'Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.'

Reply (Deut 24)δέThey cite Deut 24:1, treating Moses' concession as a positive permission rather than the regulation of an evil.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say'.
ἘπέτρεψενpermittedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτρέπωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτρέπω: 'allow, permit'; note: a concession, not a command (contrast ἐνετείλατο v.3).
ΜωϋσῆςMosesNominativesubjectΜωϋσῆς: Moses; proper name as nom subject.
βιβλίονa certificate/documentAccusativeobject of γράψαιβιβλίον: 'document, scroll'; here the writ of divorce.
ἀποστασίουof divorceGenitivegenitive of definition (content)ἀποστάσιον: 'divorce, repudiation'; βιβλίον ἀποστασίου = the get of Deut 24:1.
γράψαιto writeAor Act Inf · γράφωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristγράφω: 'write'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπολῦσαιto send away/divorceAor Act Inf · ἀπολύωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'dismiss, divorce'.
5

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν τὴν ἐντολὴν ταύτην.

But Jesus said to them, 'Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment.'

ReinterpretationδέJesus relocates the Mosaic provision: it was written for (πρός) their hardness of heart, a concession to sin, not the Creator's intent.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Πρὸςbecause of/with a view topreposition + accusative (cause/reference)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
σκληροκαρδίανhardness of heartAccusativeobject of πρόςσκληροκαρδία: 'hardness of heart' (σκληρός + καρδία); a LXX term for stubborn unteachability (Deut 10:16).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἔγραψενhe wroteAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ constative aoristγράφω: 'write'; subject is Moses.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedat. of advantage/recipient
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐντολὴνcommandmentAccusativedirect objectἐντολή: 'commandment, precept'.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative (attributive)
6

ἀπὸ δὲ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς·

But from the beginning of creation 'he made them male and female.'

Appeal to creationδέOver against the concession Jesus sets Gen 1:27 — the Creator's original design of male and female.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal source)
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
ἀρχῆςbeginningGenitiveobject of ἀπόἀρχή: 'beginning, origin'.
κτίσεωςof creationGenitivegenitive of definition (epexegetic)κτίσις: 'creation, founding'; ἀπ' ἀρχῆς κτίσεως points to Gen 1.
ἄρσενmaleAccusativedouble accusative (complement)ἄρσην: 'male'; from Gen 1:27 LXX.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θῆλυfemaleAccusativedouble accusative (complement)θῆλυς: 'female'.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make, create'; subject God the Creator.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
7

ἕνεκεν τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα καὶ προσκολληθήσεται πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ,

'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife,'

Creation citation (Gen 2:24)asyndetonGen 2:24 continues the argument: marriage is a leaving and a cleaving ordained at creation. The clause καὶ προσκολληθήσεται… is absent from א B; printed here.
ἕνεκενfor the sake of/becauseimproper preposition + genitive (cause)
τούτουthisGenitiveobject of ἕνεκεν (demonstrative)
καταλείψειshall leaveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (citation)→ predictive future (gnomic)καταλείπω: 'leave behind, forsake'.
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'human, man'; here generic, the husband.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect objectπατήρ: 'father'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect objectμήτηρ: 'mother'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσκολληθήσεταιshall be joinedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · προσκολλάωmain verb (citation)→ predictive future (gnomic)προσκολλάω: 'glue/cleave to' (πρός + κολλάω); of marital bonding.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeobject of πρόςγυνή: 'wife'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
8

καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν· ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ.

'and the two shall become one flesh.' So they are no longer two but one flesh.

Citation + inferenceκαίThe 'one flesh' clause caps Gen 2:24; Jesus then draws the inference (ὥστε): the married pair is an indivisible unity.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔσονταιshall be/becomeFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; with εἰς = Semitic 'become.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
δύοtwoNominativesubject (indeclinable numeral, here nom)δύο: 'two'; takes its syntactic case as subject.
εἰςinto/to bepreposition + accusative (Semitic predicate)
σάρκαfleshAccusativeobject of εἰς (predicate)σάρξ: 'flesh'; the bodily-personal union.
μίανoneAccusativeattributive adjective
ὥστεso thatconjunction (inferential result)
οὐκέτιno longeradverb (negation of time)
εἰσὶνthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
δύοtwoNominativepredicate nominative (numeral)
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
μίαoneNominativeattributive adjective
σάρξfleshNominativepredicate nominativeσάρξ: 'flesh'; the unity restated.
9

ὃ οὖν ὁ θεὸς συνέζευξεν ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω.

What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.

Application/prohibitionοὖνThe climactic maxim: the marital union is God's act (συνέζευξεν), and human dissolution is forbidden by a third-person imperative.
what/that whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέζευξεν)
οὖνthereforeinferential conjunction
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubjectθεός: God; the true agent uniting husband and wife.
συνέζευξενjoined togetherAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συζεύγνυμιmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristσυζεύγνυμι: 'yoke together' (σύν + ζεύγνυμι); the image of a single yoke.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject of imperativeἄνθρωπος: 'human, man'; generic — no human may undo it.
μὴnotnegative (with imperative)
χωριζέτωlet him separatePres Act Impv 3 Sg · χωρίζωmain verb (prohibition)→ present imperative (general prohibition)χωρίζω: 'separate, divide'; the technical antonym of marriage union.
10

Καὶ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ περὶ τούτου ἐπηρώτων αὐτόν.

And in the house the disciples again asked him about this.

Private follow-upΚαίMark's recurring 'in the house' private instruction (cf. 7:17; 9:28): the disciples seek further clarity.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςin(to)preposition + accusative (place, for ἐν)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house, home'; the locus of private teaching.
πάλινagainadverb (frequency)
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple, learner'.
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
τούτουthisGenitiveobject of περί (demonstrative)
ἐπηρώτωνwere askingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'question, ask'.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
11

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην μοιχᾶται ἐπ’ αὐτήν,

And he says to them, 'Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her,'

Ruling (husband)καίThe historic present λέγει introduces the ruling; strikingly, the husband can commit adultery 'against her' (his first wife) — protecting the woman.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'; Mark's vivid present introduces the pronouncement.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ὋςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)
ἀπολύσῃdivorcesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπολύωverb of indefinite rel. clause→ aorist subjunctive (general condition)ἀπολύω: 'divorce'.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect objectγυνή: 'wife'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γαμήσῃmarriesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · γαμέωverb of indefinite rel. clause→ aorist subjunctiveγαμέω: 'marry, take a wife'.
ἄλληνanother (woman)Accusativedirect object (substantival adj.)ἄλλος: 'another'.
μοιχᾶταιcommits adulteryPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · μοιχάομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ gnomic presentμοιχάομαι: 'commit adultery'.
ἐπ’againstpreposition + accusative (disadvantage)
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of ἐπί (the first wife)
12

καὶ ἐὰν αὐτὴ ἀπολύσασα τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς γαμήσῃ ἄλλον μοιχᾶται.

'and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.'

Ruling (wife)καίThe parallel ruling for the wife — divorcing her husband — addresses a Greco-Roman milieu where a woman could initiate divorce; the standard is applied evenhandedly.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (conditional + subjunctive)
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject (emphatic)
ἀπολύσασαhaving divorcedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἀπολύωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal/conditional)→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'divorce'; here the wife as agent.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνδραhusbandAccusativeobject of ptc.ἀνήρ: 'husband, man'.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship
γαμήσῃmarriesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · γαμέωverb of condition (protasis)→ aorist subjunctiveγαμέω: 'marry'.
ἄλλονanother (man)Accusativedirect object (substantival adj.)
μοιχᾶταιcommits adulteryPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · μοιχάομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ gnomic presentμοιχάομαι: 'commit adultery'.
13

Καὶ προσέφερον αὐτῷ παιδία ἵνα αὐτῶν ἅψηται· οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ ἐπετίμων αὐτοῖς.

And they were bringing children to him that he might touch them, but the disciples rebuked them.

Scene: children broughtΚαίThe imperfects (προσέφερον, ἐπετίμων) set the scene; the disciples' rebuke (of those bringing, or of the children) misjudges the kingdom's openness.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσέφερονthey were bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb→ durative imperfectπροσφέρω: 'bring to, offer'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
παιδίαchildrenAccusativedirect objectπαιδίον: 'little child, infant' (diminutive of παῖς).
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose + subjunctive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἅψηται (gen. with verb of touching)
ἅψηταιhe might touchAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἅπτωverb of purpose clause→ aorist subjunctiveἅπτομαι: 'touch, take hold of' (mid., + gen.); a touch of blessing.
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple'.
ἐπετίμωνwere rebukingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, reprove'.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject (dat. with ἐπιτιμάω)
14

ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἠγανάκτησεν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἄφετε τὰ παιδία ἔρχεσθαι πρός με, μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά, τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.

But when Jesus saw it he was indignant and said to them, 'Let the children come to me; do not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God.'

Jesus' correctionδέJesus' indignation (ἠγανάκτησεν, unique to Mark here) and the double command — permit, do not hinder — are grounded by γάρ: the kingdom is for such as these.
ἰδὼνhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see, perceive'.
δὲbutconnective particle
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ἠγανάκτησενwas indignantAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀγανακτέωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀγανακτέω: 'be indignant, vexed'; strong displeasure at the obstruction.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Ἄφετεpermit/letAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀφίημιmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeἀφίημι: 'let, allow, permit'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
παιδίαchildrenAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitiveπαιδίον: 'child'.
ἔρχεσθαιto comePres Mid Inf · ἔρχομαιcomplementary infinitive→ present (general)ἔρχομαι: 'come'.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
μεmeAccusativeobject of πρός
μὴnotnegative (with imperative)
κωλύετεhinderPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κωλύωmain verb (prohibition)→ present imperative (cease/do not)κωλύω: 'hinder, forbid'.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τοιούτωνsuch onesGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate)τοιοῦτος: 'such, of this kind'; the kingdom belongs to those like children.
ἐστὶνis/belongsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; with gen. = 'belongs to.'
theNominativearticle
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubjectβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveθεός: God.
15

ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτήν.

Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child will not enter it.

Solemn sayingasyndetonThe ἀμήν-saying makes childlike receiving the condition of entry; οὐ μή + subjunctive is the strongest negation.
ἀμὴνtrulyparticle (solemn affirmation, Hebrew)ἀμήν: 'truly, amen'; Jesus' characteristic asseveration.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ present (performative)λέγω: 'say'.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)
μὴnotnegative
δέξηταιreceivesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · δέχομαιverb of indefinite rel. clause→ aorist subjunctiveδέχομαι: 'receive, welcome'; the kingdom is received, not achieved.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativedirect objectβασιλεία: 'kingdom'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particle
παιδίονa childNominativepredicate/comparison (nom.)παιδίον: 'child'; the model of trustful dependence.
οὐnotnegative (emphatic with μή)
μὴnotnegative (οὐ μή = emphatic denial)
εἰσέλθῃshall enterAor Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ aorist subjunctive (emphatic future denial)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
αὐτήνitAccusativeobject of εἰς
16

καὶ ἐναγκαλισάμενος αὐτὰ κατευλόγει τιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτά.

And he took them in his arms and blessed them, laying his hands on them.

Blessing the childrenκαίThe enacted answer: he embraces (ἐναγκαλισάμενος, only Mark) and fervently blesses (κατ-ευλόγει, intensive) the children he had just defended.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐναγκαλισάμενοςhaving taken in his armsAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐναγκαλίζομαιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἐναγκαλίζομαι: 'take into one's arms, embrace' (ἐν + ἀγκάλη, 'crook of the arm'); a Markan tenderness (cf. 9:36).
αὐτὰthemAccusativeobject of ptc.
κατευλόγειhe was blessingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κατευλογέωmain verb→ durative/iterative imperfectκατευλογέω: 'bless fervently' (κατά-intensive of εὐλογέω); blessing each.
τιθεὶςlayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · τίθημιadverbial ptc. (means/manner)→ present (concurrent)τίθημι: 'place, lay'; the gesture of blessing.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ptc.χείρ: 'hand'.
ἐπ’onpreposition + accusative (place)
αὐτάthemAccusativeobject of ἐπί
17

Καὶ ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ εἰς ὁδὸν προσδραμὼν εἷς καὶ γονυπετήσας αὐτὸν ἐπηρώτα αὐτόν· Διδάσκαλε ἀγαθέ, τί ποιήσω ἵνα ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω;

And as he was setting out on the road, a man ran up and knelt before him and asked him, 'Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?'

The rich man's questionΚαίA genitive absolute opens the scene; the man's eager running and kneeling frame an earnest, if mistaken, question about earning eternal life.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκπορευομένουsetting outPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ present (concurrent)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out, set out'.
αὐτοῦof himGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
εἰςonto/onpreposition + accusative (direction)
ὁδὸνroadAccusativeobject of εἰςὁδός: 'way, road'; the journey-to-Jerusalem motif.
προσδραμὼνhaving run upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προστρέχωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristπροστρέχω: 'run up to'; conveys eagerness.
εἷςa man (one)Nominativesubject (numeral as indefinite)εἷς: 'one'; here = 'a certain man.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γονυπετήσαςhaving kneltAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · γονυπετέωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristγονυπετέω: 'fall on the knees' (γόνυ + πίπτω); reverent supplication.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of ptc.
ἐπηρώταwas askingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'ask'.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
ΔιδάσκαλεTeacherVocativevocative (address)διδάσκαλος: 'teacher'; the rabbinic form of address.
ἀγαθέgoodVocativeattributive adjective (vocative)ἀγαθός: 'good'; the loaded epithet Jesus will probe.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object)
ποιήσωshall I doAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ποιέωdeliberative subjunctive→ deliberative aoristποιέω: 'do'; the question assumes salvation is achieved by doing.
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose + subjunctive)
ζωὴνlifeAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσωζωή: 'life'.
αἰώνιονeternalAccusativeattributive adjectiveαἰώνιος: 'eternal, age-long'; the life of the age to come.
κληρονομήσωI may inheritAor Act Subj 1 Sg · κληρονομέωverb of purpose clause→ aorist subjunctiveκληρονομέω: 'inherit'; inheritance language for eschatological life.
18

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός.

And Jesus said to him, 'Why do you call me good? No one is good except one — God.'

'Why call me good?'δέJesus does not deny goodness but presses the man's casual epithet toward its source: God alone is good — challenging him to reckon with whom he is addressing.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective particle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΤίwhyAccusativeinterrogative (adverbial accusative)
μεmeAccusativedirect object of λέγεις
λέγειςdo you callPres Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (question)→ presentλέγω: 'call, designate'.
ἀγαθόνgoodAccusativeobject complementἀγαθός: 'good'; the predicate the man applied.
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubjectοὐδείς: 'no one.'
ἀγαθὸςgoodNominativepredicate adjectiveἀγαθός: 'good.'
εἰifconjunction (part of εἰ μή)
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')
εἷςoneNominativepredicate (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; emphatic — only God.
theNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativeapposition (subject)θεός: God; the sole locus of goodness.
19

τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας· Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα.

'You know the commandments: Do not murder, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.'

The commandmentsasyndetonJesus recites the 'second table' of the Decalogue, with 'do not defraud' (μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς) added — perhaps glossing the tenth commandment toward this man's wealth.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect objectἐντολή: 'commandment'.
οἶδαςyou knowPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect-as-present (stative)οἶδα: 'know'; perfect in form, present in sense.
Μὴnotnegative (with subjunctive prohibition)
φονεύσῃςyou shall murderAor Act Subj 2 Sg · φονεύωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctive (prohibition)φονεύω: 'murder, kill'.
Μὴnotnegative
μοιχεύσῃςyou shall commit adulteryAor Act Subj 2 Sg · μοιχεύωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctiveμοιχεύω: 'commit adultery'.
Μὴnotnegative
κλέψῃςyou shall stealAor Act Subj 2 Sg · κλέπτωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctiveκλέπτω: 'steal'.
Μὴnotnegative
ψευδομαρτυρήσῃςyou shall bear false witnessAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ψευδομαρτυρέωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctiveψευδομαρτυρέω: 'testify falsely'.
Μὴnotnegative
ἀποστερήσῃςyou shall defraudAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἀποστερέωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctiveἀποστερέω: 'defraud, rob'; an addition pointed at wealth wrongly held.
ΤίμαhonorPres Act Impv 2 Sg · τιμάωmain verb (positive command)→ present imperativeτιμάω: 'honor, value'.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect objectπατήρ: 'father'.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect objectμήτηρ: 'mother'.
20

ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτῷ· Διδάσκαλε, ταῦτα πάντα ἐφυλαξάμην ἐκ νεότητός μου.

And he said to him, 'Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth.'

The man's claimδέHe drops the epithet 'good' and claims lifelong observance — sincere yet unaware of the deeper claim about to be laid on him.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
ἔφηsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ aoristic imperfectφημί: 'say, affirm'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΔιδάσκαλεTeacherVocativevocative (address)διδάσκαλος: 'teacher'.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedirect object (demonstrative)
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (attributive)
ἐφυλαξάμηνI have keptAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: 'guard, keep' (mid., of observing law).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (temporal source)
νεότητόςyouthGenitiveobject of ἐκνεότης: 'youth'; i.e. from boyhood (bar mitzvah onward).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
21

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ ἠγάπησεν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ἕν σε ὑστερεῖ· ὕπαγε, ὅσα ἔχεις πώλησον καὶ δὸς τοῖς πτωχοῖς, καὶ ἕξεις θησαυρὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι.

And Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said to him, 'One thing you lack: go, sell whatever you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.'

The call to discipleshipδέThe one verse where Jesus is said to love a questioner; his love issues not in indulgence but in a radical summons that exposes the man's true master.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective particle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ἐμβλέψαςhaving looked atAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβλέπωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἐμβλέπω: 'look intently at' (ἐν + βλέπω); a fixed, searching gaze.
αὐτῷat himDativeobject of ptc. (dat.)
ἠγάπησενlovedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀγαπάωmain verb→ ingressive/constative aoristἀγαπάω: 'love'; Mark alone notes Jesus' love for this man.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἕνone thingNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; the single decisive lack.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of ὑστερεῖ
ὑστερεῖis lackingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑστερέωmain verb→ stative presentὑστερέω: 'lack, fall short'.
ὕπαγεgoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (command)→ present imperativeὑπάγω: 'go, depart'.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of πώλησον)
ἔχειςyou havePres Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔχωverb of rel. clause→ presentἔχω: 'have, possess'.
πώλησονsellAor Act Impv 2 Sg · πωλέωmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeπωλέω: 'sell'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δὸςgiveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeδίδωμι: 'give'.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
πτωχοῖςpoorDativeindirect object (substantival adj.)πτωχός: 'poor, destitute'; the beggar-poor.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἕξειςyou will haveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ predictive futureἔχω: 'have'.
θησαυρὸνtreasureAccusativedirect objectθησαυρός: 'treasure, store'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
οὐρανῷheavenDativeobject of ἐνοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the enduring wealth that replaces earthly.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δεῦροcomeadverb-as-imperative ('come here!')δεῦρο: 'come here'; functions as a summons.
ἀκολούθειfollowPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb (command)→ present imperative (durative)ἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; the discipleship verb — the goal of the whole call.
μοιmeDativeobject (dat. with ἀκολουθέω)
22

ὁ δὲ στυγνάσας ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ ἀπῆλθεν λυπούμενος, ἦν γὰρ ἔχων κτήματα πολλά.

But his face fell at the saying, and he went away grieving, for he had many possessions.

He goes away grievingδέThe wealth he could not surrender masters him; γάρ supplies the reason — he had great possessions, and they had him.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
στυγνάσαςhaving become gloomyAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · στυγνάζωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ ingressive aoristστυγνάζω: 'be shocked/gloomy, have a darkened face'; the countenance falls.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause/occasion)
τῷtheDativearticle
λόγῳword/sayingDativeobject of ἐπίλόγος: 'word, saying'; the demand of v.21.
ἀπῆλθενwent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'.
λυπούμενοςgrievingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λυπέωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)λυπέω: 'grieve, be sorrowful'.
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic)→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; with ptc. = periphrastic 'he was having.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωperiphrastic participle (with ἦν)→ durativeἔχω: 'have, possess'.
κτήματαpossessionsAccusativedirect object of ptc.κτῆμα: 'property, possession'.
πολλάmanyAccusativeattributive adjective
23

Καὶ περιβλεψάμενος ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· Πῶς δυσκόλως οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελεύσονται.

And Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, 'How difficult it will be for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!'

The lesson on richesΚαίJesus' sweeping gaze (περιβλεψάμενος, characteristic of Mark) introduces an exclamation on the peril of riches for kingdom-entry.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιβλεψάμενοςhaving looked aroundAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · περιβλέπωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristπεριβλέπω: 'look around' (mid.); a Markan trait surveying the listeners.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect objectμαθητής: 'disciple'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
Πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (exclamatory)
δυσκόλωςwith difficultyadverb of mannerδυσκόλως: 'hardly, with difficulty' (δυσ- + κόλον).
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
χρήματαwealth/moneyAccusativedirect object of ptc.χρῆμα: 'money, property' (pl.); material wealth.
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωsubstantival participle (subject)→ durativeἔχω: 'have'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: 'kingdom'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰσελεύσονταιwill enterFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'.
24

οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς πάλιν ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τέκνα, πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν·

And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, 'Children, how difficult it is to enter the kingdom of God!'

RestatedδέTheir amazement (ἐθαμβοῦντο) shows how counter-cultural the saying was — wealth was seen as blessing. Jesus repeats it, addressing them tenderly as 'children.' The qualifying τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐπὶ χρήμασιν is omitted here (shorter text).
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲandconnective particle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple'.
ἐθαμβοῦντοwere amazedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · θαμβέωmain verb→ durative imperfectθαμβέω: 'be astonished, amazed'.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
λόγοιςwordsDativeobject of ἐπίλόγος: 'word, saying'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
theNominativearticle
δὲbutconnective particle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (pleonastic)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, respond'.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤέκναchildrenVocativevocative (address)τέκνον: 'child'; an affectionate address to the disciples.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (exclamatory)
δύσκολόνdifficultNominativepredicate adjectiveδύσκολος: 'hard, difficult'.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: 'kingdom'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιepexegetical infinitive (subject of ἐστιν)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'.
25

εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τῆς τρυμαλιᾶς τῆς ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν ἢ πλούσιον εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν.

'It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.'

The camel and the needleasyndetonThe famous hyperbole: the largest beast through the smallest opening — humanly impossible, the proverb's whole point.
εὐκοπώτερόνeasierNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)εὔκοπος: 'easy' (εὖ + κόπος); comparative 'easier.'
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
κάμηλονa camelAccusativeaccusative subject of διελθεῖνκάμηλος: 'camel'; the largest Palestinian animal — deliberate hyperbole.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (place/path)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
τρυμαλιᾶςeye/holeGenitiveobject of διάτρυμαλιά: 'hole, perforation'; here the needle's eye.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ῥαφίδοςneedleGenitivegenitive of definitionῥαφίς: 'needle' (from ῥάπτω, 'sew').
διελθεῖνto pass throughAor Act Inf · διέρχομαιepexegetical infinitive→ constative aoristδιέρχομαι: 'pass through, go through'.
thancomparative particle
πλούσιονa rich manAccusativeaccusative subject of εἰσελθεῖνπλούσιος: 'rich, wealthy'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: 'kingdom'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιepexegetical infinitive→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'.
26

οἱ δὲ περισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς· Καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι;

And they were exceedingly astonished, saying to one another, 'Then who can be saved?'

The disciples' dismayδέTheir heightened astonishment yields the right question — if even the favored rich cannot enter, salvation seems impossible for anyone.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
περισσῶςexceedinglyadverb of degreeπερισσῶς: 'beyond measure, exceedingly'.
ἐξεπλήσσοντοwere astonishedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπλήσσωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐκπλήσσω: 'be amazed, struck out (of one's senses)'; intense astonishment.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (reference)
ἑαυτούςthemselves/one anotherAccusativeobject of πρός (reflexive)
Καὶthen/andconjunction (consecutive force)
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)
δύναταιis ablePres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able, can'.
σωθῆναιto be savedAor Pass Inf · σῴζωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristσῴζω: 'save, rescue'; here of eschatological salvation.
27

ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει· Παρὰ ἀνθρώποις ἀδύνατον ἀλλ’ οὐ παρὰ θεῷ, πάντα γὰρ δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ.

Jesus looked at them and said, 'With men it is impossible, but not with God; for all things are possible with God.'

All things possible with GodasyndetonThe resolution: salvation is humanly impossible but divinely possible. Grace, not wealth-renunciation as achievement, opens the kingdom.
ἐμβλέψαςhaving looked atAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβλέπωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἐμβλέπω: 'look intently at'.
αὐτοῖςat themDativeobject of ptc. (dat.)
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'.
Παρὰwith/in the sight ofpreposition + dative (estimation/sphere)
ἀνθρώποιςmenDativeobject of παράἄνθρωπος: 'human, man.'
ἀδύνατονimpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveἀδύνατος: 'impossible' (ἀ- + δυνατός).
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
οὐnotnegative
παρὰwithpreposition + dative (estimation)
θεῷGodDativeobject of παράθεός: God.
πάνταall thingsNominativesubject (substantival adj.)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
δυνατὰpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: 'possible, able'.
παρὰwithpreposition + dative (estimation)
τῷtheDativearticle
θεῷGodDativeobject of παράθεός: God; the sole ground of the impossible-made-possible.
28

Ἤρξατο λέγειν ὁ Πέτρος αὐτῷ· Ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν πάντα καὶ ἠκολουθήκαμέν σοι.

Peter began to say to him, 'Behold, we have left everything and followed you.'

Peter's claimasyndetonPeter contrasts the disciples with the man who would not: they have done the very thing he refused. The perfects stress the abiding result.
ἬρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin' (mid.); Mark's frequent 'began to.'
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ presentλέγω: 'say'.
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter; spokesman for the Twelve.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἰδοὺbeholdinterjection (demonstrative particle)ἰδού: 'look! behold!'; calls attention.
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
ἀφήκαμενhave leftPerf Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀφίημιmain verb→ intensive perfect (abiding result)ἀφίημι: 'leave, forsake'.
πάνταeverythingAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠκολουθήκαμένhave followedPerf Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ intensive perfectἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; perfect = 'we have become and remain your followers.'
σοιyouDativeobject (dat. with ἀκολουθέω)
29

ἔφη ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐδείς ἐστιν ὃς ἀφῆκεν οἰκίαν ἢ ἀδελφοὺς ἢ ἀδελφὰς ἢ μητέρα ἢ πατέρα ἢ τέκνα ἢ ἀγροὺς ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ καὶ ἕνεκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου,

Jesus said, 'Truly I say to you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the gospel,'

The promise (protasis)asyndetonJesus answers with an ἀμήν-saying; the catalogue of relinquished ties is matched by 'for my sake and the gospel's' — the only motive that earns the promise.
ἔφηsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ aoristic imperfectφημί: 'say'.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
Ἀμὴνtrulyparticle (solemn affirmation)ἀμήν: 'truly, amen'.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ present (performative)λέγω: 'say'.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
οὐδείςno oneNominativesubjectοὐδείς: 'no one'.
ἐστινis/existsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be, exist'.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἀφῆκενhas leftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιverb of rel. clause→ constative aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, forsake'.
οἰκίανhouseAccusativedirect objectοἰκία: 'house, home'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativedirect objectἀδελφός: 'brother'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἀδελφὰςsistersAccusativedirect objectἀδελφή: 'sister'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect objectμήτηρ: 'mother'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect objectπατήρ: 'father'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
τέκναchildrenAccusativedirect objectτέκνον: 'child'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἀγροὺςfieldsAccusativedirect objectἀγρός: 'field, farm'.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofimproper preposition + genitive (cause)
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of ἕνεκεν
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofimproper preposition + genitive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveobject of ἕνεκενεὐαγγέλιον: 'gospel, good news'; the Markan addition — discipleship is for the gospel's sake.
30

ἐὰν μὴ λάβῃ ἑκατονταπλασίονα νῦν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ οἰκίας καὶ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἀδελφὰς καὶ μητέρας καὶ τέκνα καὶ ἀγροὺς μετὰ διωγμῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.

'who will not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and fields, with persecutions — and in the age to come eternal life.'

The hundredfoldasyndetonThe apodosis: a hundredfold restoration now in a new family of faith — but pointedly 'with persecutions' — and eternal life in the coming age.
ἐὰνunless (lit. if not)conjunction (with μή, = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (οὐδείς … ἐὰν μή = 'no one … who will not')
λάβῃreceivesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of condition→ aorist subjunctiveλαμβάνω: 'receive, take'.
ἑκατονταπλασίοναa hundredfoldAccusativedirect objectἑκατονταπλασίων: 'hundredfold'; lavish, immeasurable return.
νῦνnowadverb of time
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
τῷtheDativearticle
καιρῷtimeDativeobject of ἐνκαιρός: 'time, season'; the present age.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative (attributive)
οἰκίαςhousesAccusativeapposition to ἑκατονταπλασίοναοἰκία: 'house'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativeappositionἀδελφός: 'brother'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀδελφὰςsistersAccusativeappositionἀδελφή: 'sister'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μητέραςmothersAccusativeappositionμήτηρ: 'mother'; note: no 'fathers' — God alone is Father in the new family.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τέκναchildrenAccusativeappositionτέκνον: 'child'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀγροὺςfieldsAccusativeappositionἀγρός: 'field'.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
διωγμῶνpersecutionsGenitiveobject of μετάδιωγμός: 'persecution'; the sober realism — blessing comes amid opposition.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
τῷtheDativearticle
αἰῶνιageDativeobject of ἐναἰών: 'age'.
τῷtheDativearticle
ἐρχομένῳcomingPres Mid Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιattributive participle→ present (futuristic)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the age to come.
ζωὴνlifeAccusativedirect object (with λάβῃ)ζωή: 'life'.
αἰώνιονeternalAccusativeattributive adjectiveαἰώνιος: 'eternal'; the ultimate reward, framing the man's original question (v.17).
31

πολλοὶ δὲ ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι.

But many who are first will be last, and the last first.

The great reversalδέThe chiastic maxim caps the section: kingdom values overturn worldly rank — a warning against presumption even for disciples.
πολλοὶmanyNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πολύς: 'many'.
δὲbutconnective particle
ἔσονταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'.
πρῶτοιfirstNominativepredicate (substantival adj.)πρῶτος: 'first'.
ἔσχατοιlastNominativepredicate adjectiveἔσχατος: 'last'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἔσχατοιlastNominativesubject (substantival adj.)ἔσχατος: 'last'.
πρῶτοιfirstNominativepredicate adjectiveπρῶτος: 'first'.
32

Ἦσαν δὲ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἀναβαίνοντες εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ ἦν προάγων αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο, οἱ δὲ ἀκολουθοῦντες ἐφοβοῦντο. καὶ παραλαβὼν πάλιν τοὺς δώδεκα ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς λέγειν τὰ μέλλοντα αὐτῷ συμβαίνειν,

And they were on the road, going up to Jerusalem, and Jesus was walking ahead of them; and they were amazed, while those who followed were afraid. And taking the Twelve again he began to tell them the things that were going to happen to him,

On the road to JerusalemδέA heavy, foreboding scene: Jesus strides ahead toward his death; amazement and fear grip the followers. Two periphrastic imperfects (ἦσαν…ἀναβαίνοντες, ἦν προάγων) slow the narrative pace.
Ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic)→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; with ptc. = periphrastic.
δὲandconnective particle
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷroadDativeobject of ἐνὁδός: 'way, road'; the journey to the cross.
ἀναβαίνοντεςgoing upPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀναβαίνωperiphrastic participle (with Ἦσαν)→ durativeἀναβαίνω: 'go up, ascend'; Jerusalem stands high — one always 'goes up.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰςἹεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem; the destination of the passion.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic)→ durative imperfectεἰμί: 'be'.
προάγωνgoing aheadPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προάγωperiphrastic participle (with ἦν)→ durativeπροάγω: 'go before, lead' (πρό + ἄγω); Jesus resolutely out front.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ptc.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐθαμβοῦντοthey were amazedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · θαμβέωmain verb→ durative imperfectθαμβέω: 'be amazed, astonished'; awe at his resolve.
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
δὲwhile/andconnective particle (contrast)
ἀκολουθοῦντεςfollowingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκολουθέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ durativeἀκολουθέω: 'follow'.
ἐφοβοῦντοwere afraidImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectφοβέομαι: 'fear, be afraid'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παραλαβὼνhaving taken asideAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παραλαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristπαραλαμβάνω: 'take with, take aside' (παρά + λαμβάνω).
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
δώδεκαTwelveAccusativedirect object (indeclinable numeral, acc)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the inner circle. Indeclinable but here functions as acc object.
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
λέγεινto tellPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ presentλέγω: 'say, tell'.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
μέλλονταabout toPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · μέλλωsubstantival participle (object)→ present (imminent)μέλλω: 'be about to'; impending events.
αὐτῷto himDativedat. of reference
συμβαίνεινto happenPres Act Inf · συμβαίνωcomplementary infinitive (with μέλλοντα)→ presentσυμβαίνω: 'happen, befall'.
33

ὅτι Ἰδοὺ ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσιν, καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτῳ καὶ παραδώσουσιν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν,

saying, 'Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the scribes, and they will condemn him to death and hand him over to the Gentiles,'

The prediction (detail)ὅτιThe most detailed of the three predictions: betrayal to the Sanhedrin, condemnation, and — uniquely — handing over to the Gentiles, foreshadowing the Roman trial.
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative, introduces speech)
Ἰδοὺbeholdinterjection (demonstrative particle)ἰδού: 'behold'.
ἀναβαίνομενwe are going upPres Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ futuristic/progressive presentἀναβαίνω: 'go up'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰςἹεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱός: 'son'; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου = the Son of Man, Jesus' self-designation (Dan 7).
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive (title)ἄνθρωπος: 'man'; the Danielic Son-of-Man title.
παραδοθήσεταιwill be handed overFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray'; the passion's keyword.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἀρχιερεῦσινchief priestsDativeindirect objectἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῖςtheDativearticle
γραμματεῦσινscribesDativeindirect objectγραμματεύς: 'scribe, expert in the Law'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατακρινοῦσινthey will condemnFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακρίνωmain verb→ predictive futureκατακρίνω: 'condemn, sentence'.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
θανάτῳto deathDativedat. of result/sentenceθάνατος: 'death'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παραδώσουσινthey will hand overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ predictive futureπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over'.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἔθνεσινGentilesDativeindirect objectἔθνος: 'nation, Gentile'; the Romans — the new, ominous detail.
34

καὶ ἐμπαίξουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐμπτύσουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ μαστιγώσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν, καὶ μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται.

'and they will mock him and spit on him and scourge him and kill him; and after three days he will rise.'

Mockery, death, risingκαίThe grim sequence — mocking, spitting, scourging, killing — climaxes in resurrection 'after three days'; the passion narrative will fulfill each verb.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμπαίξουσινthey will mockFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμπαίζωmain verb→ predictive futureἐμπαίζω: 'mock, ridicule' (ἐν + παίζω).
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat. with ἐμπαίζω)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμπτύσουσινthey will spit onFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμπτύωmain verb→ predictive futureἐμπτύω: 'spit on' (ἐν + πτύω); an act of contempt.
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat.)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαστιγώσουσινthey will scourgeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · μαστιγόωmain verb→ predictive futureμαστιγόω: 'flog, scourge'; the Roman flagellation.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκτενοῦσινthey will killFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb→ predictive futureἀποκτείνω: 'kill, put to death'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
τρεῖςthreeAccusativeattributive numeralτρεῖς: 'three'.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeobject of μετάἡμέρα: 'day'; 'after three days' = the resurrection timing.
ἀναστήσεταιhe will riseFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ predictive futureἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'; the resurrection.
35

Καὶ προσπορεύονται αὐτῷ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωάννης οἱ υἱοὶ Ζεβεδαίου λέγοντες αὐτῷ· Διδάσκαλε, θέλομεν ἵνα ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσωμέν σε ποιήσῃς ἡμῖν.

And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came up to him, saying to him, 'Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask of you.'

The sons of Zebedee askΚαίImmediately after the passion prediction, the brothers' self-seeking request shows how little they grasp the way of the cross. The historic present προσπορεύονται marks the new scene.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσπορεύονταιthey come upPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσπορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)προσπορεύομαι: 'come to, approach'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ἸάκωβοςJamesNominativesubjectἸάκωβος: James (son of Zebedee); proper name as nom subject.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἸωάννηςJohnNominativesubjectἸωάννης: John; proper name as nom subject.
οἱtheNominativearticle
υἱοὶsonsNominativeappositionυἱός: 'son'.
Ζεβεδαίουof ZebedeeGenitivegenitive of relationshipΖεβεδαῖος: Zebedee; proper name in gen of relationship.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object of ptc.
ΔιδάσκαλεTeacherVocativevocative (address)διδάσκαλος: 'teacher'.
θέλομενwe wantPres Act Indic 1 Pl · θέλωmain verb→ presentθέλω: 'wish, want'.
ἵναthatconjunction (content of θέλομεν + subjunctive)
whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ποιήσῃς)
ἐὰνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)
αἰτήσωμένwe may askAor Act Subj 1 Pl · αἰτέωverb of indefinite rel. clause→ aorist subjunctiveαἰτέω: 'ask, request'.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of αἰτήσωμεν
ποιήσῃςyou doAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctiveποιέω: 'do'.
ἡμῖνfor usDativedat. of advantage
36

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τί θέλετέ με ποιήσω ὑμῖν;

And he said to them, 'What do you want me to do for you?'

Jesus' counter-questionδέJesus draws out their request before answering — the very question he will put to Bartimaeus (v.51), pointing the contrast between ambition and faith.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ποιήσω)
θέλετέdo you wantPres Act Indic 2 Pl · θέλωmain verb→ presentθέλω: 'wish, want'.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative subject of ποιήσω
ποιήσωI should doAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ποιέωdeliberative subjunctive (object clause)→ deliberative aoristποιέω: 'do'.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedat. of advantage
37

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Δὸς ἡμῖν ἵνα εἷς σου ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ εἷς ἐξ ἀριστερῶν καθίσωμεν ἐν τῇ δόξῃ σου.

And they said to him, 'Grant us to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your glory.'

The request for gloryδέThey want the places of highest honor in the messianic court — glory without the cup, thrones without the cross.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΔὸςgrantAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (request)→ aorist imperativeδίδωμι: 'give, grant'.
ἡμῖνto usDativeindirect object
ἵναthatconjunction (content of request + subjunctive)
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς: 'one'.
σουyourGenitivegenitive (with ἐκ δεξιῶν)
ἐκat/onpreposition + genitive (position)
δεξιῶνthe rightGenitiveobject of ἐκ (substantival adj.)δεξιός: 'right (hand/side)'; the place of supreme honor.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral)
ἐξat/onpreposition + genitive (position)
ἀριστερῶνthe leftGenitiveobject of ἐξ (substantival adj.)ἀριστερός: 'left (hand/side)'; the second seat of honor.
καθίσωμενwe may sitAor Act Subj 1 Pl · καθίζωverb of ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctiveκαθίζω: 'sit, be seated'; enthronement imagery.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
δόξῃgloryDativeobject of ἐνδόξα: 'glory, splendor'; the eschatological royal glory.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
38

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Οὐκ οἴδατε τί αἰτεῖσθε. δύνασθε πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω, ἢ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι;

But Jesus said to them, 'You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, or to be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized?'

The cup and the baptismδέJesus exposes their ignorance and reframes glory as suffering: the 'cup' (of wrath/suffering) and the 'baptism' (engulfing death) he must undergo.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutconnective particle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Οὐκnotnegative
οἴδατεyou knowPerf Act Indic 2 Pl · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect-as-presentοἶδα: 'know'.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of αἰτεῖσθε)
αἰτεῖσθεyou are askingPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · αἰτέωverb of indirect question→ presentαἰτέω: 'ask' (mid., for oneself).
δύνασθεare you ablePres Mid Indic 2 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb (question)→ presentδύναμαι: 'be able, can'.
πιεῖνto drinkAor Act Inf · πίνωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristπίνω: 'drink'.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ποτήριονcupAccusativedirect objectποτήριον: 'cup'; the OT cup of suffering/wrath (Isa 51:17; cf. Mark 14:36).
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of πίνω)
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
πίνωdrinkPres Act Indic 1 Sg · πίνωverb of rel. clause→ present (proleptic)πίνω: 'drink'.
ordisjunctive conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle
βάπτισμαbaptismAccusativeaccusative of respect/cognateβάπτισμα: 'baptism, immersion'; metaphor for being overwhelmed by suffering/death.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (cognate accusative)
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
βαπτίζομαιam baptizedPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Sg · βαπτίζωverb of rel. clause→ present (proleptic)βαπτίζω: 'baptize, immerse'.
βαπτισθῆναιto be baptizedAor Pass Inf · βαπτίζωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristβαπτίζω: 'baptize'.
39

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Δυνάμεθα. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω πίεσθε καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθήσεσθε,

And they said to him, 'We are able.' And Jesus said to them, 'The cup that I drink you will drink, and with the baptism with which I am baptized you will be baptized,'

They will share the cupδέTheir glib 'we are able' Jesus accepts in a sober sense: they will indeed share his suffering (James martyred, John exiled) — but the seats are not his to grant.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Δυνάμεθαwe are ablePres Mid Indic 1 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb→ presentδύναμαι: 'be able'; their over-confident reply.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective particle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤὸtheAccusativearticle
ποτήριονcupAccusativedirect object (fronted)ποτήριον: 'cup' of suffering.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of πίνω)
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
πίνωdrinkPres Act Indic 1 Sg · πίνωverb of rel. clause→ presentπίνω: 'drink'.
πίεσθεyou will drinkFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · πίνωmain verb→ predictive futureπίνω: 'drink'; they will share his suffering.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle
βάπτισμαbaptismAccusativecognate accusative (fronted)βάπτισμα: 'baptism' of suffering.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
βαπτίζομαιam baptizedPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Sg · βαπτίζωverb of rel. clause→ presentβαπτίζω: 'baptize'.
βαπτισθήσεσθεyou will be baptizedFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · βαπτίζωmain verb→ predictive futureβαπτίζω: 'baptize'.
40

τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν μου ἢ ἐξ εὐωνύμων οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ἀλλ’ οἷς ἡτοίμασται.

'but to sit at my right hand or at my left is not mine to grant, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared.'

Not mine to grantδέJesus disclaims the prerogative of assigning the seats; they belong to those for whom the Father has prepared them — a quiet submission to the Father's appointing.
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes infinitive)
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
καθίσαιto sitAor Act Inf · καθίζωarticular infinitive (subject)→ constative aoristκαθίζω: 'sit'.
ἐκatpreposition + genitive (position)
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveobject of ἐκ (substantival adj.)δεξιός: 'right side'.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἐξatpreposition + genitive (position)
εὐωνύμωνleftGenitiveobject of ἐξ (substantival adj.)εὐώνυμος: 'left' (lit. 'well-named,' a euphemism for the ill-omened left).
οὐκnotnegative
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
ἐμὸνmineNominativepredicate adjective (possessive)ἐμός: 'my, mine'.
δοῦναιto grantAor Act Inf · δίδωμιepexegetical infinitive→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give, grant'.
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
οἷςfor whomDativerelative pronoun (dat. of advantage)
ἡτοίμασταιit has been preparedPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἑτοιμάζωverb of rel. clause→ intensive perfect (divine passive)ἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare, make ready'; the Father's foreordaining.
41

Καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ δέκα ἤρξαντο ἀγανακτεῖν περὶ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωάννου.

And when the ten heard it, they began to be indignant at James and John.

The ten indignantΚαίThe other ten are angry — but likely from the same ambition, not from greater understanding; the whole group needs the teaching that follows.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'.
οἱtheNominativearticle
δέκαtenNominativesubject (indeclinable numeral, here nom)δέκα: 'ten'; the rest of the Twelve.
ἤρξαντοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'.
ἀγανακτεῖνto be indignantPres Act Inf · ἀγανακτέωcomplementary infinitive→ presentἀγανακτέω: 'be indignant, angry'.
περὶat/concerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
ἸακώβουJamesGenitiveobject of περίἸάκωβος: James; proper name in gen.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἸωάννουJohnGenitiveobject of περίἸωάννης: John; proper name in gen.
42

καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι αὐτῶν κατεξουσιάζουσιν αὐτῶν.

And Jesus called them to him and said to them, 'You know that those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them.'

Gentile lordshipκαίJesus contrasts the world's model — domineering power (κατακυριεύουσιν, κατεξουσιάζουσιν, both with the over-bearing κατά prefix) — with the kingdom's ethic to come.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσκαλεσάμενοςhaving called toAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσκαλέωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristπροσκαλέομαι: 'call to oneself, summon'.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of ptc.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Οἴδατεyou knowPerf Act Indic 2 Pl · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect-as-presentοἶδα: 'know'.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of οἴδατε)
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizing ptc.)
δοκοῦντεςwho are consideredPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · δοκέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ presentδοκέω: 'seem, be reputed'; 'those reckoned to rule.'
ἄρχεινto rulePres Act Inf · ἄρχωcomplementary infinitive→ presentἄρχω: 'rule, govern'.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἐθνῶνGentiles/nationsGenitiveobject of ἄρχειν (gen.)ἔθνος: 'nation, Gentile'.
κατακυριεύουσινlord it overPres Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακυριεύωmain verb→ gnomic presentκατακυριεύω: 'subjugate, lord it over' (κατά + κυριεύω); domineering rule.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject (gen. with verb)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
μεγάλοιgreat onesNominativesubject (substantival adj.)μέγας: 'great'; the magnates.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
κατεξουσιάζουσινexercise authority overPres Act Indic 3 Pl · κατεξουσιάζωmain verb→ gnomic presentκατεξουσιάζω: 'wield authority over' (κατά-intensive); oppressive power.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject (gen. with verb)
43

οὐχ οὕτως δέ ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν· ἀλλ’ ὃς ἂν θέλῃ μέγας γενέσθαι ἐν ὑμῖν, ἔσται ὑμῶν διάκονος,

'But it shall not be so among you. Rather, whoever would be great among you must be your servant,'

Greatness is serviceδέThe kingdom's inversion: greatness is measured by service (διάκονος). The emphatic οὐχ οὕτως marks the sharp break from Gentile rule.
οὐχnotnegative
οὕτωςso/thusadverb of mannerοὕτως: 'in this way'.
δέbutconnective particle (contrast)
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)
θέλῃwouldPres Act Subj 3 Sg · θέλωverb of indefinite rel. clause→ present subjunctiveθέλω: 'wish, want'.
μέγαςgreatNominativepredicate adjectiveμέγας: 'great'.
γενέσθαιto becomeAor Mid Inf · γίνομαιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ imperatival futureεἰμί: 'be'.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
διάκονοςservantNominativepredicate nominativeδιάκονος: 'servant, minister'; one who waits at table.
44

καὶ ὃς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔσται πάντων δοῦλος.

'and whoever would be first among you must be slave of all.'

First is slave of allκαίThe principle intensifies: to be 'first' is to be 'slave of all' (δοῦλος) — the lowest station, total self-giving.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)
θέλῃwouldPres Act Subj 3 Sg · θέλωverb of indefinite rel. clause→ present subjunctiveθέλω: 'wish'.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίcomplementary infinitive→ presentεἰμί: 'be'.
πρῶτοςfirstNominativepredicate adjectiveπρῶτος: 'first, foremost'.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ imperatival futureεἰμί: 'be'.
πάντωνof allGenitiveobjective/possessive genitiveπᾶς: 'all'.
δοῦλοςslaveNominativepredicate nominativeδοῦλος: 'slave, bondservant'; lower even than διάκονος.
45

καὶ γὰρ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι καὶ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν.

'For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.'

The ransom sayingγάρThe christological ground of the whole ethic — and the gospel's heart: the Son of Man's mission is self-giving service climaxing in his life as a 'ransom' (λύτρον) given 'in place of' (ἀντί) many.
καὶevenadverbial/ascensive conjunction
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (καὶ γάρ = 'for indeed')
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱός: 'son'; the Son of Man.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive (title)ἄνθρωπος: 'man'; the Son-of-Man title.
οὐκnotnegative
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; his mission/advent.
διακονηθῆναιto be servedAor Pass Inf · διακονέωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristδιακονέω: 'serve, wait on'; passive — to be waited on.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
διακονῆσαιto serveAor Act Inf · διακονέωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristδιακονέω: 'serve'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the supreme act of service.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὴνlifeAccusativedirect objectψυχή: 'life, soul'; here his very life laid down.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
λύτρονa ransomAccusativeaccusative in apposition (predicate)λύτρον: 'ransom, price of release' (cf. Isa 53:10–12); the redemptive cost.
ἀντὶfor/in place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution/exchange)ἀντί: 'instead of, in exchange for'; the substitutionary force.
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveobject of ἀντί (substantival adj.)πολύς: 'many'; the inclusive 'many' for whom the ransom is paid (Isa 53:11–12).
46

Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς Ἰεριχώ. καὶ ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ Ἰεριχὼ καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ὄχλου ἱκανοῦ ὁ υἱὸς Τιμαίου Βαρτιμαῖος, τυφλὸς προσαίτης, ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν.

And they come to Jericho. And as he was leaving Jericho with his disciples and a considerable crowd, Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, a blind beggar, was sitting beside the road.

Setting: blind BartimaeusΚαίThe last healing before Jerusalem; the named beggar (rare in Mark) sits 'beside the way' — soon to become one who follows 'on the way.' Historic present ἔρχονται opens the scene.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔρχονταιthey comePres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἸεριχώJerichoAccusativeobject of εἰςἸεριχώ: Jericho; proper name as acc object (indeclinable form, here acc).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκπορευομένουgoing outPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ present (concurrent)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out, leave'.
αὐτοῦof himGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
ἸεριχὼJerichoGenitiveobject of ἀπόἸεριχώ: Jericho; proper name in gen.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivegenitive (with αὐτοῦ in gen. abs.)μαθητής: 'disciple'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὄχλουcrowdGenitivegenitive (part of gen. abs.)ὄχλος: 'crowd'.
ἱκανοῦconsiderableGenitiveattributive adjectiveἱκανός: 'considerable, large'.
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςsonNominativeapposition to Βαρτιμαῖοςυἱός: 'son'.
Τιμαίουof TimaeusGenitivegenitive of relationshipΤίμαιος: Timaeus; proper name in gen.
ΒαρτιμαῖοςBartimaeusNominativesubjectΒαρτιμαῖος: Bartimaeus ('son of Timaeus,' Aram. bar); proper name as nom subject.
τυφλὸςblindNominativeapposition (substantival adj.)τυφλός: 'blind'.
προσαίτηςbeggarNominativeappositionπροσαίτης: 'beggar' (one who begs).
ἐκάθητοwas sittingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb→ durative imperfectκάθημαι: 'sit'.
παρὰbesidepreposition + accusative (place)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὁδόνroadAccusativeobject of παράὁδός: 'way, road'; he sits beside the way — a poignant contrast with v.52.
47

καὶ ἀκούσας ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζαρηνός ἐστιν ἤρξατο κράζειν καὶ λέγειν· Υἱὲ Δαυὶδ Ἰησοῦ, ἐλέησόν με.

And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and say, 'Son of David, Jesus, have mercy on me!'

The cry to the Son of DavidκαίThe blind man 'sees' what the sighted miss: he hails Jesus by the messianic title 'Son of David' and begs mercy — true faith before physical sight.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of ἀκούσας)
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject (predicate)Ἰησοῦς: Jesus.
theNominativearticle
ΝαζαρηνόςNazareneNominativeapposition (substantival adj.)Ναζαρηνός: 'of Nazareth, Nazarene'.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'.
κράζεινto cry outPres Act Inf · κράζωcomplementary infinitive→ presentκράζω: 'cry out, shout'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ presentλέγω: 'say'.
ΥἱὲSonVocativevocative (address)υἱός: 'son'; Υἱὲ Δαυίδ = the messianic title.
Δαυὶδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationshipΔαυίδ: David; proper name in gen (indeclinable).
ἸησοῦJesusVocativevocative (apposition)Ἰησοῦς: Jesus; proper name as voc.
ἐλέησόνhave mercyAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐλεέωmain verb (entreaty)→ aorist imperative (urgent appeal)ἐλεέω: 'have mercy, show pity'.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
48

καὶ ἐπετίμων αὐτῷ πολλοὶ ἵνα σιωπήσῃ· ὁ δὲ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν· Υἱὲ Δαυίδ, ἐλέησόν με.

And many rebuked him, that he should be silent; but he cried out all the more, 'Son of David, have mercy on me!'

Silenced, he cries louderκαίOpposition only intensifies his faith; the imperfect ἔκραζεν paints persistent, escalating crying. His persistence mirrors the importunity Jesus commends.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπετίμωνwere rebukingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ durative imperfectἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, warn'.
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat. with ἐπιτιμάω)
πολλοὶmanyNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πολύς: 'many'.
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose/content + subjunctive)
σιωπήσῃhe should be silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · σιωπάωverb of ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctiveσιωπάω: 'be silent, keep quiet'.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutconnective particle (contrast)
πολλῷmuchDativedat. of degree of differenceπολύς: 'much'; πολλῷ μᾶλλον = 'all the more'.
μᾶλλονmoreadverb (comparative)
ἔκραζενcried outImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κράζωmain verb→ iterative/durative imperfectκράζω: 'cry out'; the imperfect = he kept crying louder.
ΥἱὲSonVocativevocative (address)υἱός: 'son'.
Δαυίδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationshipΔαυίδ: David.
ἐλέησόνhave mercyAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐλεέωmain verb (entreaty)→ aorist imperativeἐλεέω: 'have mercy'.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
49

καὶ στὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Φωνήσατε αὐτόν. καὶ φωνοῦσιν τὸν τυφλὸν λέγοντες αὐτῷ· Θάρσει, ἔγειρε, φωνεῖ σε.

And Jesus stopped and said, 'Call him.' And they call the blind man, saying to him, 'Take heart; get up, he is calling you.'

Jesus calls himκαίJesus halts the procession for one beggar; the crowd's reproach turns to encouragement. Three crisp imperatives — take heart, rise — herald the reversal. Historic present φωνοῦσιν.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
στὰςhaving stoppedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἵστημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἵστημι: 'stand, stop'; Jesus halts.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ΦωνήσατεcallAor Act Impv 2 Pl · φωνέωmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeφωνέω: 'call, summon'.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνοῦσινthey callPres Act Indic 3 Pl · φωνέωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)φωνέω: 'call'.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
τυφλὸνblind manAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)τυφλός: 'blind'.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object of ptc.
Θάρσειtake heartPres Act Impv 2 Sg · θαρσέωmain verb (encouragement)→ present imperativeθαρσέω: 'be of good courage, take heart'.
ἔγειρεget upPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb (command)→ present imperativeἐγείρω: 'rise, get up'.
φωνεῖhe is callingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · φωνέωmain verb→ progressive presentφωνέω: 'call'.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
50

ὁ δὲ ἀποβαλὼν τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ ἀναπηδήσας ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν.

And throwing off his cloak, he sprang up and came to Jesus.

He springs upδέThe vivid detail of casting aside his cloak (his beggar's possession and alms-mat) and leaping up dramatizes wholehearted, abandoning response to the call.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective particle
ἀποβαλὼνhaving thrown offAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποβάλλωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἀποβάλλω: 'throw off, cast away' (ἀπό + βάλλω).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἱμάτιονcloakAccusativedirect object of ptc.ἱμάτιον: 'cloak, outer garment'; a beggar's prized possession, left behind.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἀναπηδήσαςhaving sprung upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναπηδάωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ constative aoristἀναπηδάω: 'leap up, spring up'; energetic eagerness.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobject of πρόςἸησοῦς: Jesus.
51

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Τί σοι θέλεις ποιήσω; ὁ δὲ τυφλὸς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ραββουνι, ἵνα ἀναβλέψω.

And Jesus answered him, 'What do you want me to do for you?' And the blind man said to him, 'Rabbouni, that I may regain my sight.'

'Rabbouni, that I may see'καίJesus puts to Bartimaeus the very question he asked James and John (v.36) — but the answer is humble healing, not ambition. 'Rabbouni' ('my Master') is a heightened address.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (pleonastic)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object of ptc.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ποιήσω)
σοιfor youDativedat. of advantage
θέλειςdo you wantPres Act Indic 2 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ presentθέλω: 'wish, want'.
ποιήσωI should doAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ποιέωdeliberative subjunctive→ deliberative aoristποιέω: 'do'.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective particle
τυφλὸςblind manNominativesubject (substantival adj.)τυφλός: 'blind'.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΡαββουνιRabbouniVocativevocative (address, Aramaic)ραββουνι: 'my master/teacher' (Aram.); a reverent, intensified form of Rabbi. Proper-name-like title, here voc of address.
ἵναthatconjunction (content of request + subjunctive)
ἀναβλέψωI may regain sightAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἀναβλέπωverb of ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctiveἀναβλέπω: 'look up, recover sight' (ἀνά + βλέπω); both 'see again' and 'look up'.
52

καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ὕπαγε, ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε. καὶ εὐθὺς ἀνέβλεψεν, καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ.

And Jesus said to him, 'Go; your faith has saved you.' And immediately he regained his sight and followed him on the road.

Healed, he followsκαίThe chapter closes on the model disciple: faith heals (σέσωκεν, perfect — an abiding salvation), and the once-roadside beggar now follows Jesus 'on the way' — toward Jerusalem and the cross. εὐθύς marks the immediacy.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ὝπαγεgoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (command)→ present imperativeὑπάγω: 'go, depart'.
theNominativearticle
πίστιςfaithNominativesubjectπίστις: 'faith, trust'; the agent of his deliverance.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
σέσωκένhas savedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ intensive perfect (abiding result)σῴζω: 'save, heal, make whole'; both physical healing and salvation.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb of timeεὐθύς: 'at once, immediately'; Mark's signature adverb of urgency.
ἀνέβλεψενhe regained sightAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβλέπωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναβλέπω: 'recover sight'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠκολούθειhe followedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ inceptive/durative imperfectἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; he becomes a disciple on the way.
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat. with ἀκολουθέω)
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷroad/wayDativeobject of ἐνὁδός: 'way, road'; he who sat 'beside the way' (v.46) now follows 'on the way.'