Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 14ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ ΙΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἦν δὲ τὸ πάσχα καὶ τὰ ἄζυμα μετὰ δύο ἡμέρας. καὶ ἐζήτουν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς πῶς αὐτὸν ἐν δόλῳ κρατήσαντες ἀποκτείνωσιν·

Now the Passover and the Unleavened Bread were two days away. And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking how, seizing him by stealth, they might kill him;

Setting / the plotδέThe Passion narrative opens with a time-marker and the leaders' covert scheme to arrest and kill Jesus.
ἮνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ customary/durative imperfect
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle
πάσχαPassoverNominativesubject (indeclinable)πάσχα: 'Passover' (Aram. pasḥā'); the feast commemorating the Exodus deliverance.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
ἄζυμαUnleavened BreadNominativesubject (coordinate)ἄζυμα: 'unleavened things'; the seven-day feast joined to Passover (Exod 12).
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
δύοtwoAccusativeattributive numeral
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeobject of μετά (extent of time)ἡμέρα: 'day'; 'after two days' = the festival was two days off.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐζήτουνwere seekingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ conative/durative imperfectζητέω: 'seek'; the imperfect paints their ongoing search for a way.
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubjectἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest'; the priestly aristocracy heading the opposition.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubject (coordinate)γραμματεύς: 'scribe'; expert in the Law, allied here with the priests.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (indir. question)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (proleptic)
ἐνbypreposition + dative (manner)
δόλῳstealthDativedat. of mannerδόλος: 'guile, treachery'; arrest by cunning, away from the crowd.
κρατήσαντεςhaving seizedAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κρατέωcircumstantial ptc. (means/temporal)→ antecedent aoristκρατέω: 'seize, arrest'; the verb of laying hold to take into custody.
ἀποκτείνωσινthey might killAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωsubjunctive (deliberative, indir. question)→ constative aoristἀποκτείνω: 'kill'; the goal of the plot.
2

ἔλεγον γάρ· Μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, μήποτε ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ.

for they were saying, 'Not during the feast, lest there be an uproar of the people.'

Ground / the leaders' cautionγάρTheir motive for stealth: fear of a riot if they act during the crowded festival.
ἔλεγονthey were sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ iterative imperfectλέγω: 'say'; introduces their deliberation.
γάρforexplanatory conjunction
Μὴnotnegative particle (with implied verb)
ἐνduringpreposition + dative (time)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἑορτῇfeastDativedat. of timeἑορτή: 'festival'; the Passover throng made a public arrest dangerous.
μήποτεlestnegative purpose conjunction
ἔσταιthere will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (fear clause)→ predictive future
θόρυβοςuproarNominativesubjectθόρυβος: 'tumult, riot'; the dreaded popular disturbance.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
λαοῦpeopleGenitivesubjective genitiveλαός: 'people'; the festal crowd, sympathetic to Jesus.
3

Καὶ ὄντος αὐτοῦ ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ κατακειμένου αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν γυνὴ ἔχουσα ἀλάβαστρον μύρου νάρδου πιστικῆς πολυτελοῦς· συντρίψασα τὴν ἀλάβαστρον κατέχεεν αὐτοῦ τῆς κεφαλῆς.

And while he was at Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, as he reclined at table, a woman came having an alabaster jar of ointment of pure nard, very costly; breaking the jar she poured it over his head.

The anointingΚαὶThe anointing scene: a woman lavishly pours costly nard over Jesus' head at table in Bethany.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ὄντοςbeingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · εἰμίgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative present
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
ἐνatpreposition + dative (place)
ΒηθανίᾳBethanyDativedat. of placeΒηθανία: Bethany, a village near Jerusalem on the Mount of Olives' eastern slope.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
οἰκίᾳhouseDativedat. of placeοἰκία: 'house, home.'
Σίμωνοςof SimonGenitivegenitive of possessionΣίμων: Simon; otherwise unknown, identified by the epithet.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
λεπροῦleperGenitiveattributive (epithet)λεπρός: 'leper'; presumably a healed leper, else table-fellowship would be impossible.
κατακειμένουas he reclinedPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · κατάκειμαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentκατάκειμαι: 'recline (at table)'; the posture of a festal meal.
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive/constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
γυνὴa womanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman'; left unnamed in Mark.
ἔχουσαhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωattributive/circumstantial ptc.→ durative presentἔχω: 'have, hold.'
ἀλάβαστρονan alabaster jarAccusativedirect objectἀλάβαστρον: 'alabaster flask' for perfume, sealed and broken to use.
μύρουof ointmentGenitivegenitive of contentμύρον: 'perfumed oil, ointment.'
νάρδουof nardGenitivegenitive of apposition/materialνάρδος: 'nard, spikenard'; an aromatic from the Himalayan plant.
πιστικῆςpure/genuineGenitiveattributive adjectiveπιστικός: probably 'genuine, unadulterated' (or 'liquid'); a disputed term.
πολυτελοῦςvery costlyGenitiveattributive adjectiveπολυτελής: 'very expensive'; the extravagance is the point (cf. v.5).
συντρίψασαbreakingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · συντρίβωcircumstantial ptc. (means/temporal)→ antecedent aoristσυντρίβω: 'shatter, break'; she snaps the flask's neck to pour all out.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἀλάβαστρονjarAccusativedirect object
κατέχεενpoured downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταχέω: 'pour down over'; lavish, total outpouring.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (of the part)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
κεφαλῆςheadGenitivegen. of place/part anointedκεφαλή: 'head'; anointing the head connotes royal/messianic consecration.
4

ἦσαν δέ τινες ἀγανακτοῦντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς· Εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν;

But there were some indignant among themselves: 'To what end has this waste of the ointment occurred?

ObjectionδέBystanders object indignantly to the apparent waste of so costly a perfume.
ἦσανthere wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic w/ ptc.)→ durative imperfect
δέbutcontrastive conjunction
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)τις: 'someone, some'; Mark leaves them unspecified (cf. John 12:4).
ἀγανακτοῦντεςbeing indignantPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀγανακτέωperiphrastic ptc. (w/ ἦσαν)→ durative presentἀγανακτέω: 'be indignant, vexed.'
πρὸςamongpreposition + accusative (reciprocal)
ἑαυτούςthemselvesAccusativereflexive pronoun (reciprocal)
Εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose)
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object of εἰς)
theNominativearticle
ἀπώλειαwasteNominativesubjectἀπώλεια: 'destruction, waste, loss'; the loaded word for the 'ruin' of the nard.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative (attributive)
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
μύρουointmentGenitiveobjective genitiveμύρον: the costly perfume now 'wasted.'
γέγονενhas happenedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ resultative perfectγίνομαι: 'become, happen'; the perfect eyes the deed's standing result.
5

ἠδύνατο γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ μύρον πραθῆναι ἐπάνω δηναρίων τριακοσίων καὶ δοθῆναι τοῖς πτωχοῖς· καὶ ἐνεβριμῶντο αὐτῇ.

For this ointment could have been sold for more than three hundred denarii and given to the poor.' And they were scolding her.

Ground of objectionγάρThey reckon its price — a year's wage — and rebuke the woman harshly.
ἠδύνατοcouldImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ potential imperfectδύναμαι: 'be able'; 'could have been' — unrealized possibility.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative (attributive)
τὸtheNominativearticle
μύρονointmentNominativesubject (of infinitives)
πραθῆναιto be soldAor Pass Inf · πιπράσκωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristπιπράσκω: 'sell.'
ἐπάνωmore thanimproper preposition + genitive
δηναρίωνdenariiGenitivegenitive of priceδηνάριον: 'denarius,' a day's wage; 300 ≈ nearly a year's labor.
τριακοσίωνthree hundredGenitiveattributive numeral
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δοθῆναιto be givenAor Pass Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give.'
τοῖςto theDativearticle
πτωχοῖςpoorDativeindirect objectπτωχός: 'poor, destitute'; almsgiving was a Passover-season duty.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνεβριμῶντοthey were scoldingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐμβριμάομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectἐμβριμάομαι: 'snort at, censure harshly'; vehement reproach.
αὐτῇherDativedat. of (hostile) reference
6

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Ἄφετε αὐτήν· τί αὐτῇ κόπους παρέχετε; καλὸν ἔργον ἠργάσατο ἐν ἐμοί.

But Jesus said, 'Leave her alone. Why do you trouble her? She has done a good work toward me.

Jesus' defenseδέJesus intervenes, calling her act a 'good work' done to him.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Ἄφετεleave aloneAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀφίημιimperative→ ingressive aoristἀφίημι: 'let go, leave'; 'let her be.'
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object
τίwhyAccusativeinterrogative (adverbial acc.)
αὐτῇherDativedat. of disadvantage
κόπουςtroublesAccusativedirect objectκόπος: 'trouble, hardship'; κόπους παρέχω = 'to bother, vex.'
παρέχετεdo you causePres Act Indic 2 Pl · παρέχωmain verb→ progressive presentπαρέχω: 'furnish, cause.'
καλὸνgood/nobleAccusativeattributive adjectiveκαλός: 'good, noble, fitting.'
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect objectἔργον: 'deed, work.'
ἠργάσατοshe has workedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐργάζομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐργάζομαι: 'do, perform.'
ἐνtowardpreposition + dative (reference)
ἐμοίmeDativeobject of ἐν
7

πάντοτε γὰρ τοὺς πτωχοὺς ἔχετε μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν, καὶ ὅταν θέλητε δύνασθε αὐτοῖς εὖ ποιῆσαι, ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε.

For you always have the poor with you, and whenever you wish you can do good to them; but me you do not always have.

GroundγάρThe poor remain always; Jesus' bodily presence is fleeting — a unique moment.
πάντοτεalwaysadverb (time)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πτωχοὺςpoorAccusativedirect objectπτωχός: 'poor' (echoing Deut 15:11, 'the poor will never cease').
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ customary presentἔχω: 'have.'
μεθ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἑαυτῶνyourselvesGenitivereflexive pronoun
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (+ subj.)
θέλητεyou wishPres Act Subj 2 Pl · θέλωsubjunctive (indefinite temporal)→ durative presentθέλω: 'will, wish.'
δύνασθεyou are ablePres Mid Indic 2 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb→ customary presentδύναμαι: 'be able.'
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
εὖgoodadverbεὖ ποιέω: 'do good, benefit.'
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do.'
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object (emphatic, fronted)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
οὐnotnegative
πάντοτεalwaysadverb
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ customary present
8

ὃ ἔσχεν ἐποίησεν· προέλαβεν μυρίσαι τὸ σῶμά μου εἰς τὸν ἐνταφιασμόν.

She has done what she could; she has anointed my body beforehand for the burial.

Interpretation: anointing for burialasyndetonJesus reads the act prophetically: an anticipatory anointing of his body for burial.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔσχεν)
ἔσχενshe had/couldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristἔχω: here 'have the means/ability'; 'what she had it in her to do.'
ἐποίησενshe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do.'
προέλαβενshe anticipatedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προλαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristπρολαμβάνω: 'do beforehand, anticipate'; here w/ inf. = 'she has anointed in advance.'
μυρίσαιto anointAor Act Inf · μυρίζωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristμυρίζω: 'anoint with myrrh/ointment.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
σῶμάbodyAccusativedirect objectσῶμα: 'body'; the body destined for the tomb (the women find no chance to anoint it, 16:1).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἐνταφιασμόνburialAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)ἐνταφιασμός: 'preparation for burial, embalming.'
9

ἀμὴν δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅπου ἐὰν κηρυχθῇ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον εἰς ὅλον τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ὃ ἐποίησεν αὕτη λαληθήσεται εἰς μνημόσυνον αὐτῆς.

And truly I say to you, wherever the gospel is proclaimed in all the world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.

Solemn promiseδέA solemn 'amen' saying: her deed will be told worldwide as her memorial.
ἀμὴνtrulysolemn asseveration (transliterated)ἀμήν: Heb. 'amen'; Jesus' authoritative 'verily.'
δὲandconnective
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative presentλέγω: 'say.'
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅπουwhereverrelative adverb of place
ἐὰνeverparticle (w/ subj., indefinite)
κηρυχθῇis proclaimedAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κηρύσσωsubjunctive (indefinite local)→ constative aoristκηρύσσω: 'proclaim, herald'; the gospel-preaching mission.
τὸtheNominativearticle
εὐαγγέλιονgospelNominativesubjectεὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; Mark's keyword for the proclamation about Jesus.
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (extent)
ὅλονwholeAccusativeattributive adjective
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κόσμονworldAccusativeobject of εἰςκόσμος: 'world'; the universal scope of the mission.
καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)
ἐποίησενshe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aorist
αὕτηthis womanNominativesubject (demonstrative)
λαληθήσεταιwill be toldFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ predictive futureλαλέω: 'speak, tell.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)
μνημόσυνονa memorialAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)μνημόσυνον: 'memorial, remembrance'; her act becomes part of the gospel's telling.
αὐτῆςof herGenitiveobjective genitive
10

Καὶ Ἰούδας Ἰσκαριὼθ ὁ εἷς τῶν δώδεκα ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς.

And Judas Iscariot, the one of the twelve, went off to the chief priests in order to betray him to them.

Judas' betrayalΚαὶIn stark contrast to the woman, Judas goes to the priests to hand Jesus over.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἸούδαςJudasNominativesubjectἸούδας: Judas; the betrayer named with horror.
ἸσκαριὼθIscariotNominativeapposition (epithet)Ἰσκαριώθ: 'Iscariot' (perh. 'man of Kerioth'); distinguishing epithet.
theNominativearticle
εἷςoneNominativeapposition (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; 'one of the Twelve' underscores the treachery from within.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
δώδεκαtwelveGenitivepartitive genitive (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the inner circle.
ἀπῆλθενwent offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsAccusativeobject of πρόςἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest.'
ἵναin order thatconjunction (purpose)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
παραδοῖhe might betrayAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιsubjunctive (purpose)→ constative aoristπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray'; the Passion's keyword verb.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
11

οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες ἐχάρησαν καὶ ἐπηγγείλαντο αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι. καὶ ἐζήτει πῶς αὐτὸν εὐκαίρως παραδοῖ.

And when they heard it they rejoiced, and promised to give him money. And he was seeking how he might conveniently betray him.

The bargainδέThe priests gladly promise money; Judas begins watching for an opportune moment.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: 'hear.'
ἐχάρησανthey rejoicedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · χαίρωmain verb→ ingressive aoristχαίρω: 'rejoice'; their grim delight at the offer.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπηγγείλαντοthey promisedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπαγγέλλομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπαγγέλλομαι: 'promise.'
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
ἀργύριονmoney/silverAccusativedirect objectἀργύριον: 'silver, money' (cf. Matthew's thirty pieces).
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐζήτειhe was seekingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ζητέωmain verb→ durative imperfectζητέω: 'seek'; he now hunts the right moment.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (indir. question)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
εὐκαίρωςconvenientlyadverb (manner)εὐκαίρως: 'at a good time, opportunely.'
παραδοῖhe might betrayAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιsubjunctive (deliberative, indir. q.)→ constative aoristπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray.'
12

Καὶ τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν ἀζύμων, ὅτε τὸ πάσχα ἔθυον, λέγουσιν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ· Ποῦ θέλεις ἀπελθόντες ἑτοιμάσωμεν ἵνα φάγῃς τὸ πάσχα;

And on the first day of Unleavened Bread, when they were sacrificing the Passover lamb, his disciples say to him, 'Where do you want us to go and prepare for you to eat the Passover?'

Passover preparationΚαὶThe disciples ask where to prepare the Passover meal.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
τῇon theDativearticle
πρώτῃfirstDativeattributive adjectiveπρῶτος: 'first'; the day Unleavened Bread began (14 Nisan).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedat. of timeἡμέρα: 'day.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἀζύμωνUnleavened BreadGenitivegenitive (defining)ἄζυμα: 'unleavened (bread),' the feast.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πάσχαPassover (lamb)Accusativedirect object (indeclinable)πάσχα: here the paschal lamb, sacrificed in the temple.
ἔθυονthey were sacrificingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · θύωmain verb→ customary imperfectθύω: 'sacrifice, slay'; the lambs were slaughtered on the afternoon of 14 Nisan.
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ historical presentλέγω: 'say'; Mark's vivid historic present.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple, learner.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
Ποῦwhereinterrogative adverb
θέλειςdo you wishPres Act Indic 2 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ durative presentθέλω: 'will, wish.'
ἀπελθόντεςhaving goneAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀπέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away.'
ἑτοιμάσωμενwe should prepareAor Act Subj 1 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωsubjunctive (deliberative)→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare, make ready.'
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)
φάγῃςyou may eatAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἐσθίωsubjunctive (purpose)→ constative aoristἐσθίω: 'eat.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πάσχαPassoverAccusativedirect object (indeclinable)πάσχα: here the Passover meal.
13

καὶ ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ἀπαντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων· ἀκολουθήσατε αὐτῷ,

And he sends two of his disciples and says to them, 'Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you; follow him,

The sign of the water-jarκαὶJesus sends two disciples with foreknowledge of a man bearing a water-jar.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀποστέλλειhe sendsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ historical presentἀποστέλλω: 'send (with commission).'
δύοtwoAccusativedirect object (numeral)
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivepartitive genitive
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ὙπάγετεgoPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ὑπάγωimperative→ durative presentὑπάγω: 'go, depart.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πόλινcityAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city'; Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπαντήσειwill meetFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαντάωmain verb→ predictive futureἀπαντάω: 'meet, encounter.'
ὑμῖνyouDativeindirect object
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'; a man carrying water (women's task) is conspicuous.
κεράμιονa jarAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)κεράμιον: 'earthen jar, pitcher.'
ὕδατοςof waterGenitivegenitive of contentὕδωρ: 'water.'
βαστάζωνcarryingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · βαστάζωattributive participle→ durative presentβαστάζω: 'carry, bear.'
ἀκολουθήσατεfollowAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀκολουθέωimperative→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow.'
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἀκολουθέω (dat.)
14

καὶ ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ εἴπατε τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ ὅτι Ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει· Ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμά μου ὅπου τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω;

and wherever he enters, say to the master of the house, “The Teacher says, Where is my guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”

InstructionsκαὶThey are to relay the Teacher's request for the guest room.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅπουwhereverrelative adverb of place
ἐὰνeverparticle (indefinite, + subj.)
εἰσέλθῃhe entersAor Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive (indefinite local)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in.'
εἴπατεsayAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λέγωimperative→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say.'
τῷto theDativearticle
οἰκοδεσπότῃmaster of the houseDativeindirect objectοἰκοδεσπότης: 'householder, master of the house.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative ὅτι)
theNominativearticle
διδάσκαλοςTeacherNominativesubjectδιδάσκαλος: 'teacher'; Jesus' recognized title.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ progressive present
Ποῦwhereinterrogative adverb
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
τὸtheNominativearticle
κατάλυμάguest roomNominativesubject (predicate)κατάλυμα: 'lodging, guest room' (same word as Luke 2:7).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ὅπουwhererelative adverb of place
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πάσχαPassoverAccusativedirect object (indeclinable)
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitiveobject of μετά
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
φάγωI may eatAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἐσθίωsubjunctive (deliberative)→ constative aoristἐσθίω: 'eat.'
15

καὶ αὐτὸς ὑμῖν δείξει ἀνάγαιον μέγα ἐστρωμένον ἕτοιμον· καὶ ἐκεῖ ἑτοιμάσατε ἡμῖν.

And he will show you a large upper room furnished and ready; and there prepare for us.

Promise of the roomκαὶThe host will provide a ready upper room for the meal.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativesubject (intensive pronoun)
ὑμῖνyouDativeindirect object
δείξειwill showFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb→ predictive futureδείκνυμι: 'show, point out.'
ἀνάγαιονupper roomAccusativedirect objectἀνάγαιον: 'upper room' (above ground level); the dining room.
μέγαlargeAccusativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'large, great.'
ἐστρωμένονfurnishedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · στρώννυμιattributive participle→ resultative perfectστρώννυμι: 'spread, furnish (with couches/carpets).'
ἕτοιμονreadyAccusativeattributive adjectiveἕτοιμος: 'ready, prepared.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place
ἑτοιμάσατεprepareAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωimperative→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare.'
ἡμῖνfor usDativedat. of advantage
16

καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εὗρον καθὼς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἡτοίμασαν τὸ πάσχα.

And the disciples went out and came into the city and found it just as he had told them, and they prepared the Passover.

FulfillmentκαὶEverything happens exactly as Jesus foretold; the meal is prepared.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἐξῆλθονwent outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πόλινcityAccusativeobject of εἰς
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὗρονfoundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find.'
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction
εἶπενhe had saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subord.)→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἡτοίμασανthey preparedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πάσχαPassoverAccusativedirect object (indeclinable)
17

Καὶ ὀψίας γενομένης ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα.

And when evening had come, he comes with the twelve.

The supper beginsΚαὶAt evening Jesus arrives with the Twelve for the meal.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ὀψίαςeveningGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)ὀψία: 'evening'; the Passover was eaten after sundown.
γενομένηςhaving comeAor Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · γίνομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ antecedent aoristγίνομαι: 'come to be, happen.'
ἔρχεταιhe comesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historical presentἔρχομαι: 'come.'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
δώδεκαtwelveGenitiveobject of μετά (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the inner circle, soon to scatter.
18

καὶ ἀνακειμένων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐσθιόντων ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με, ὁ ἐσθίων μετ’ ἐμοῦ.

And as they reclined and were eating, Jesus said, 'Truly I say to you, one of you will betray me, one who is eating with me.'

The betrayal foretoldκαὶAt table Jesus solemnly announces that a table-companion will betray him (cf. Ps 41:9).
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀνακειμένωνrecliningPres Mid Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἀνάκειμαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentἀνάκειμαι: 'recline at table.'
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐσθιόντωνeatingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἐσθίωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentἐσθίω: 'eat.'
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Ἀμὴνtrulysolemn asseverationἀμήν: 'amen, truly.'
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative present
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς: 'one.'
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of ἐξ (partitive)
παραδώσειwill betrayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ predictive futureπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
the oneNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐσθίωνwho is eatingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωsubstantival participle (apposition)→ durative presentἐσθίω: 'eat'; 'one eating with me' echoes Ps 41:9 — betrayal by a friend at table.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετά
19

ἤρξαντο λυπεῖσθαι καὶ λέγειν αὐτῷ εἷς κατὰ εἷς· Μήτι ἐγώ;

They began to be grieved, and to say to him one by one, 'Surely not I?'

The disciples' dismayasyndetonStricken, each disciple anxiously asks whether he is the one.
ἤρξαντοthey beganAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; a Markan favorite w/ complementary infinitive.
λυπεῖσθαιto be grievedPres Pass Inf · λυπέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentλυπέω: 'grieve, distress.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ durative present
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
εἷςoneNominativedistributive (εἷς κατὰ εἷς)εἷς κατὰ εἷς: idiom, 'one by one, each in turn.'
κατὰbypreposition (in distributive idiom)
εἷςoneNominativedistributive (vulgar nom. for acc.)
Μήτιsurely notinterrogative particle (expects 'no')μήτι: introduces a question anticipating a negative answer.
ἐγώINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
20

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Εἷς τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ ἐμβαπτόμενος μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον.

But he said to them, 'It is one of the twelve, the one dipping with me into the dish.

Jesus' answerδέJesus pinpoints a close companion sharing the common dish.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutconnective
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΕἷςoneNominativepredicate nominative (numeral)εἷς: 'one' of the inner circle.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
δώδεκαtwelveGenitivepartitive genitive (indeclinable)
the oneNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐμβαπτόμενοςwho is dippingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβάπτωsubstantival participle (apposition)→ durative presentἐμβάπτω: 'dip in'; sharing the dish marks intimate fellowship now betrayed.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετά
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
τρύβλιονdishAccusativeobject of εἰςτρύβλιον: 'bowl, dish'; the common bowl for the sauce/herbs.
21

ὅτι ὁ μὲν υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ, οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται· καλὸν αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος.

For the Son of Man goes as it is written of him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been good for that man if he had not been born.

Divine plan and woeὅτιThe Son of Man's path is Scripture's, yet the betrayer bears terrible guilt.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
theNominativearticle
μὲνon the one handparticle (μέν … δέ)
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'Son of Man' (Dan 7:13); Jesus' chosen self-designation.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive (defining title)
ὑπάγειgoesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb→ futuristic presentὑπάγω: 'go away, depart'; here of going to death.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ resultative perfectγράφω: 'write'; the standard formula for Scripture's standing testimony.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of περί
οὐαὶwoeinterjectionοὐαί: 'woe!'; a prophetic cry of doom.
δὲbutcontrastive particle
τῷto theDativearticle
ἀνθρώπῳmanDativedat. of disadvantage
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative (attributive)
δι’throughpreposition + genitive (agency)
οὗwhomGenitiverelative pronoun (object of διά)
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubject
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive (defining title)
παραδίδοταιis betrayedPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ futuristic/durative presentπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray.'
καλὸνgoodNominativepredicate nominative (impersonal)καλός: 'good'; 'it were good' — the unfulfilled comparison.
αὐτῷfor himDativedat. of advantage
εἰifconditional conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
ἐγεννήθηhe had been bornAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (2nd-class cond.)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget'; pass. 'be born.'
theNominativearticle
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject
ἐκεῖνοςthatNominativedemonstrative (attributive)
22

Καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν· Λάβετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.

And as they were eating, having taken bread and blessed it, he broke it and gave it to them and said, 'Take; this is my body.'

The bread: 'this is my body'ΚαὶJesus institutes the bread, identifying it with his body.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἐσθιόντωνeatingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἐσθίωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentἐσθίω: 'eat.'
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
λαβὼνhaving takenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristλαμβάνω: 'take.'
ἄρτονbreadAccusativedirect objectἄρτος: 'bread, loaf'; unleavened Passover bread.
εὐλογήσαςhaving blessedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless, give thanks'; the table berakah.
ἔκλασενbrokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κλάωmain verb→ constative aoristκλάω: 'break'; 'breaking of bread' became a name for the meal.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give.'
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ΛάβετεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λαμβάνωimperative→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take, receive.'
τοῦτόthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
τὸtheNominativearticle
σῶμάbodyNominativepredicate nominativeσῶμα: 'body'; the bread interpreted as his body, given for them.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
23

καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες.

And having taken a cup and given thanks, he gave it to them, and they all drank of it.

The cupκαὶHe gives the cup; all the disciples drink from it.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
λαβὼνhaving takenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristλαμβάνω: 'take.'
ποτήριονa cupAccusativedirect objectποτήριον: 'cup'; one of the Passover cups.
εὐχαριστήσαςhaving given thanksAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εὐχαριστέωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristεὐχαριστέω: 'give thanks'; whence 'Eucharist.'
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔπιονthey drankAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πίνωmain verb→ constative aoristπίνω: 'drink.'
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
αὐτοῦitGenitiveobject of ἐξ
πάντεςallNominativesubject (predicate position)πᾶς: 'all'; all the Twelve — Judas included.
24

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν.

And he said to them, 'This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.

'My blood of the covenant'καὶThe cup is his covenant blood, poured out for many (cf. Exod 24:8; Isa 53). The critical text reads 'covenant' without 'new.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤοῦτόthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
τὸtheNominativearticle
αἷμάbloodNominativepredicate nominativeαἷμα: 'blood'; the cup as covenant-blood (Exod 24:8) — the critical text omits 'new' (καινῆς).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
διαθήκηςcovenantGenitivegenitive (relationship/defining)διαθήκη: 'covenant'; recalls Exod 24:8, the blood that ratified Sinai — now the new covenant in his blood.
τὸthe (which)Nominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐκχυννόμενονbeing poured outPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · ἐκχύννωattributive participle (w/ αἷμα)→ durative/futuristic presentἐκχύννω: 'pour out, shed'; sacrificial language, his death as offering.
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (benefit/substitution)
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveobject of ὑπέρπολλοί: 'many'; echoing Isa 53:11–12, the Servant who bears the sins of many.
25

ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Truly I say to you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.

The eschatological vowasyndetonJesus vows to abstain from wine until the consummation — an eschatological pledge of the kingdom banquet.
ἀμὴνtrulysolemn asseverationἀμήν: 'truly.'
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative present
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
οὐκέτιno longeradverb (negative)οὐκέτι: 'no longer, no more.'
οὐnotnegative (w/ μή = emphatic)
μὴnotnegative (οὐ μή emphatic)οὐ μή + subj.: the strongest denial of future possibility.
πίωI will drinkAor Act Subj 1 Sg · πίνωsubjunctive (emphatic negation)→ constative aoristπίνω: 'drink.'
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
γενήματοςfruit/produceGenitiveobject of ἐκγένημα: 'produce, yield'; 'fruit of the vine,' a liturgical phrase for wine.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ἀμπέλουvineGenitivegenitive of sourceἄμπελος: 'vine.'
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ἡμέραςdayGenitiveobject of ἕωςἡμέρα: 'day'; the eschatological day.
ἐκείνηςthatGenitivedemonstrative (attributive)
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (+ subj.)
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object
πίνωI drinkPres Act Subj 1 Sg · πίνωsubjunctive (indefinite temporal)→ durative present
καινὸνnewAccusativepredicate accusative (manner)καινός: 'new (in kind)'; the renewed wine of the messianic banquet.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
βασιλείᾳkingdomDativedat. of sphereβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; the consummated reign of God.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivesubjective/possessive genitive
26

Καὶ ὑμνήσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν.

And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

To the Mount of OlivesΚαὶAfter the Hallel hymn they go out to the Mount of Olives.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ὑμνήσαντεςhaving sung a hymnAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὑμνέωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὑμνέω: 'sing a hymn'; the Passover Hallel (Pss 113–118).
ἐξῆλθονthey went outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ὄροςmountAccusativeobject of εἰςὄρος: 'mountain, hill.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἐλαιῶνolivesGenitiveattributive genitiveἐλαία: 'olive tree'; the Mount of Olives east of the city.
27

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Πάντες σκανδαλισθήσεσθε, ὅτι γέγραπται· Πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται.

And Jesus says to them, 'You will all fall away, for it is written: “I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.”

All will fall awayκαὶJesus foretells, from Zechariah 13:7, that all will be scandalized and scattered.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
ΠάντεςallNominativesubjectπᾶς: 'all'; every one of them will stumble.
σκανδαλισθήσεσθεyou will fall awayFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · σκανδαλίζωmain verb→ predictive futureσκανδαλίζω: 'cause to stumble'; pass. 'be made to fall, take offense.'
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ resultative perfectγράφω: 'write'; introducing Zech 13:7.
ΠατάξωI will strikeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · πατάσσωmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureπατάσσω: 'strike, smite'; God strikes the shepherd.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ποιμέναshepherdAccusativedirect objectποιμήν: 'shepherd'; the smitten shepherd = Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
πρόβαταsheepNominativesubjectπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the scattered flock = the disciples.
διασκορπισθήσονταιwill be scatteredFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · διασκορπίζωmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureδιασκορπίζω: 'scatter, disperse.'
28

ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν.

But after I am raised, I will go before you into Galilee.

Promise of reunionἀλλὰPast the scattering, Jesus promises to lead them again in Galilee after his resurrection.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (w/ articular inf.)
ἐγερθῆναίto be raisedAor Pass Inf · ἐγείρωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; pass. 'be raised, rise.'
μεIAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
προάξωI will go beforeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · προάγωmain verb→ predictive futureπροάγω: 'go before, lead the way'; fulfilled at 16:7.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeAccusativeobject of εἰςΓαλιλαία: Galilee, the locus of Jesus' ministry and of the promised reunion.
29

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἔφη αὐτῷ· Εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐγώ.

But Peter said to him, 'Even if all fall away, yet not I.'

Peter's protestδέPeter exempts himself, insisting he will never stumble.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter ('Rock'); his self-confidence sets up the denial.
ἔφηsaidImpf/Aor Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ aoristicφημί: 'say, affirm.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Εἰifconditional conjunction
καὶevenadverbial/concessive
πάντεςallNominativesubject
σκανδαλισθήσονταιfall awayFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · σκανδαλίζωmain verb (cond.)→ predictive futureσκανδαλίζω: 'stumble, fall away.'
ἀλλ’yetadversative (apodosis ἀλλά)
οὐκnotnegative
ἐγώINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
30

καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι σὺ σήμερον ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ πρὶν ἢ δὶς ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ.

And Jesus says to him, 'Truly I say to you that you, today, this very night, before a cock crows twice, will deny me three times.'

The denial foretoldκαὶJesus foretells the precise terms: three denials before the cock crows twice — the distinctively Markan 'twice.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
Ἀμὴνtrulysolemn asseverationἀμήν: 'truly.'
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative present
σοιto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
σήμερονtodayadverb of timeσήμερον: 'today.'
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative (attributive)
τῇtheDativearticle
νυκτὶnightDativedat. of timeνύξ: 'night'; this very night.
πρὶνbeforetemporal conjunction
thanparticle (with πρὶν ἤ)
δὶςtwiceadverb (numeral)δίς: 'twice'; Mark alone has the double cock-crow (cf. vv.68, 72).
ἀλέκτοραa cockAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitiveἀλέκτωρ: 'cock, rooster.'
φωνῆσαιto crowAor Act Inf · φωνέωinfinitive (after πρίν)→ constative aoristφωνέω: 'sound, call'; of the cock, 'crow.'
τρίςthree timesadverb (numeral)τρίς: 'thrice.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
ἀπαρνήσῃyou will denyFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀπαρνέομαιmain verb→ predictive futureἀπαρνέομαι: 'deny utterly, disown.'
31

ὁ δὲ ἐκπερισσῶς ἐλάλει· Ἐὰν δέῃ με συναποθανεῖν σοι, οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ πάντες ἔλεγον.

But he kept saying vehemently, 'If I must die with you, I will not deny you.' And they all said the same.

Peter's vehement vowδέPeter protests all the more, ready to die rather than deny; all echo him.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἐκπερισσῶςvehementlyadverb (intensity)ἐκπερισσῶς: 'all the more, emphatically.'
ἐλάλειhe kept sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ iterative/durative imperfectλαλέω: 'speak'; the imperfect of insistent protest.
Ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (+ subj.)
δέῃit is necessaryPres Act Subj 3 Sg · δεῖmain verb (impersonal)→ durative presentδεῖ: 'it is necessary.'
μεI/meAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
συναποθανεῖνto die withAor Act Inf · συναποθνῄσκωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristσυναποθνῄσκω: 'die together with.'
σοιyouDativeassociation (dat. w/ συν-)
οὐnotnegative (οὐ μή emphatic)
μήnotnegative (οὐ μή emphatic)
σεyouAccusativedirect object
ἀπαρνήσομαιI will denyFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἀπαρνέομαιmain verb (emphatic neg.)→ predictive futureἀπαρνέομαι: 'deny, disown.'
ὡσαύτωςlikewiseadverb (manner)ὡσαύτως: 'in the same way.'
δὲandconnective
καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive
πάντεςallNominativesubject
ἔλεγονwere sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ iterative imperfect
32

Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς χωρίον οὗ τὸ ὄνομα Γεθσημανί, καὶ λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· Καθίσατε ὧδε ἕως προσεύξωμαι.

And they come to a place whose name was Gethsemane, and he says to his disciples, 'Sit here while I pray.'

GethsemaneΚαὶThey reach Gethsemane; Jesus leaves most of the disciples to pray.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἔρχονταιthey comePres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historical presentἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
χωρίονa placeAccusativeobject of εἰςχωρίον: 'plot, field, place'; an olive grove.
οὗwhoseGenitiverelative pronoun (possession)
τὸtheNominativearticle
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause)ὄνομα: 'name.'
ΓεθσημανίGethsemaneNominativepredicate nominative (place-name)Γεθσημανί: 'Gethsemane' (Aram. 'oil-press'); the garden on the Mount of Olives.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
τοῖςto theDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ΚαθίσατεsitAor Act Impv 2 Pl · καθίζωimperative→ ingressive aoristκαθίζω: 'sit down.'
ὧδεhereadverb of place
ἕωςwhile/untiltemporal conjunction
προσεύξωμαιI prayAor Mid Subj 1 Sg · προσεύχομαιsubjunctive (indefinite temporal)→ constative aoristπροσεύχομαι: 'pray.'
33

καὶ παραλαμβάνει τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τὸν Ἰάκωβον καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην μετ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἤρξατο ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημονεῖν,

And he takes Peter and James and John with him, and began to be greatly distressed and troubled,

The inner three; distressκαὶTaking the inner three, Jesus is seized with awe-struck horror and anguish.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
παραλαμβάνειtakes alongPres Act Indic 3 Sg · παραλαμβάνωmain verb→ historical presentπαραλαμβάνω: 'take along, take with.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΠέτρονPeterAccusativedirect objectΠέτρος: Peter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸάκωβονJamesAccusativedirect objectἸάκωβος: James, son of Zebedee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativedirect objectἸωάννης: John, brother of James — the inner three of 5:37; 9:2.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετά
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤρξατοhe beganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin.'
ἐκθαμβεῖσθαιto be greatly distressedPres Pass Inf · ἐκθαμβέομαιcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentἐκθαμβέομαι: 'be utterly amazed/horrified'; awe-struck dread.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀδημονεῖνto be troubledPres Act Inf · ἀδημονέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentἀδημονέω: 'be in anguish, distressed'; a strong word for mental torment.
34

καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου· μείνατε ὧδε καὶ γρηγορεῖτε.

and he says to them, 'My soul is very sorrowful, even to death; remain here and watch.'

Sorrowful to deathκαὶJesus voices a sorrow unto death (Pss 42–43) and bids them keep watch.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Περίλυπόςvery sorrowfulNominativepredicate adjectiveπερίλυπος: 'deeply grieved'; echoing Pss 42:5,11; 43:5.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
ψυχήsoulNominativesubjectψυχή: 'soul, life'; the seat of his anguish.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ἕωςeven toimproper preposition + genitive
θανάτουdeathGenitiveobject of ἕως (degree)θάνατος: 'death'; grief so deep it could kill.
μείνατεremainAor Act Impv 2 Pl · μένωimperative→ constative aoristμένω: 'remain, stay.'
ὧδεhereadverb of place
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γρηγορεῖτεwatchPres Act Impv 2 Pl · γρηγορέωimperative→ durative presentγρηγορέω: 'be awake, watch'; keyword of the section (cf. 13:34–37).
35

καὶ προελθὼν μικρὸν ἔπιπτεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ προσηύχετο ἵνα εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν παρέλθῃ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα,

And going forward a little he fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him,

The prayerκαὶProstrate, Jesus prays that, if possible, 'the hour' might pass.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
προελθὼνhaving gone forwardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristπροέρχομαι: 'go forward, advance.'
μικρὸνa littleAccusativeadverbial accusative (extent)μικρός: 'small'; 'a little way.'
ἔπιπτενhe was fallingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb→ inceptive/durative imperfectπίπτω: 'fall'; the imperfect pictures him sinking down.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςgroundGenitiveobject of ἐπίγῆ: 'earth, ground.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσηύχετοhe was prayingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ durative imperfectπροσεύχομαι: 'pray.'
ἵναthatconjunction (content of prayer)
εἰifconditional conjunction
δυνατόνpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: 'possible, able.'
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
παρέλθῃmight passAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιsubjunctive (content of ἵνα)→ constative aoristπαρέρχομαι: 'pass by, pass away.'
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἀπό
theNominativearticle
ὥραhourNominativesubjectὥρα: 'hour'; the appointed hour of suffering (cf. v.41).
36

καὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἀββὰ ὁ πατήρ, πάντα δυνατά σοι· παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ· ἀλλ’ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω ἀλλὰ τί σύ.

And he said, 'Abba, Father, all things are possible for you; remove this cup from me; yet not what I will, but what you will.'

'Abba, Father… not what I will'καὶThe heart of the prayer: 'Abba, Father' — a plea to remove the cup, surrendered to the Father's will.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἔλεγενhe was sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ durative imperfect
ἈββὰAbbaVocativevocative of address (transliterated Aramaic)Ἀββά: Aram. 'Father'; the intimate child's address, preserved untranslated (cf. Rom 8:15; Gal 4:6).
theNominativearticle (nom. for voc.)
πατήρFatherNominativenominative of address (apposition to Ἀββά)πατήρ: 'Father'; the Greek gloss of Ἀββά, joined as nom.-for-voc.
πάνταall thingsNominativesubjectπᾶς: 'all.'
δυνατάpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: 'possible'; God's omnipotence is affirmed even amid the plea.
σοιfor youDativedat. of reference/possession
παρένεγκεremoveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · παραφέρωimperative (petition)→ constative aoristπαραφέρω: 'carry away, remove.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ποτήριονcupAccusativedirect objectποτήριον: 'cup'; the OT cup of God's wrath/suffering (Isa 51:17; Jer 25).
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative (attributive)
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of ἀπό
ἀλλ’yetadversative conjunction
οὐnotnegative
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative/relative (object of θέλω)
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
θέλωI willPres Act Indic 1 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ durative presentθέλω: 'will, wish'; his own will yielded to the Father's.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative/relative (object implied)
σύyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
37

καὶ ἔρχεται καὶ εὑρίσκει αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, καὶ λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ· Σίμων, καθεύδεις; οὐκ ἴσχυσας μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι;

And he comes and finds them sleeping, and says to Peter, 'Simon, are you sleeping? Were you not able to watch one hour?

First return: sleepingκαὶReturning, Jesus finds them asleep and rebukes Peter by his old name, Simon.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἔρχεταιhe comesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historical present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὑρίσκειfindsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ historical presentεὑρίσκω: 'find.'
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
καθεύδονταςsleepingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · καθεύδωsupplementary participle (w/ εὑρίσκει)→ durative presentκαθεύδω: 'sleep.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
τῷto theDativearticle
ΠέτρῳPeterDativeindirect objectΠέτρος: Peter.
ΣίμωνSimonVocativevocative of addressΣίμων: Simon; his pre-discipleship name — the 'Rock' now found sleeping.
καθεύδειςare you sleepingPres Act Indic 2 Sg · καθεύδωmain verb (question)→ progressive present
οὐκnotnegative (expects 'yes')
ἴσχυσαςwere you ableAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἰσχύωmain verb (question)→ constative aoristἰσχύω: 'be strong, be able.'
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeral
ὥρανhourAccusativeaccusative of durationὥρα: 'hour.'
γρηγορῆσαιto watchAor Act Inf · γρηγορέωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristγρηγορέω: 'watch, stay awake.'
38

γρηγορεῖτε καὶ προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ ἔλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν· τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής.

Watch and pray, that you may not enter into temptation; the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.'

Watch and prayasyndetonA double imperative: watch and pray against temptation — spirit willing, flesh weak.
γρηγορεῖτεwatchPres Act Impv 2 Pl · γρηγορέωimperative→ durative presentγρηγορέω: 'watch.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσεύχεσθεprayPres Mid Impv 2 Pl · προσεύχομαιimperative→ durative presentπροσεύχομαι: 'pray.'
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)
μὴnotnegative
ἔλθητεyou may enterAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἔρχομαιsubjunctive (neg. purpose)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, enter.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
πειρασμόνtemptation/trialAccusativeobject of εἰςπειρασμός: 'testing, temptation'; the eschatological trial.
τὸtheNominativearticle
μὲνindeedparticle (μέν … δέ)
πνεῦμαspiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: 'spirit'; here the human spirit's eager intent.
πρόθυμονwillingNominativepredicate adjectiveπρόθυμος: 'eager, ready, willing.'
theNominativearticle
δὲbutcontrastive particle
σὰρξfleshNominativesubjectσάρξ: 'flesh'; frail human nature.
ἀσθενήςweakNominativepredicate adjectiveἀσθενής: 'weak, feeble.'
39

καὶ πάλιν ἀπελθὼν προσηύξατο τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον εἰπών.

And again he went away and prayed, saying the same words.

Second prayerκαὶHe withdraws and prays a second time in the same words.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
πάλινagainadverb of timeπάλιν: 'again.'
ἀπελθὼνhaving gone awayAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀπέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away.'
προσηύξατοhe prayedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπροσεύχομαι: 'pray.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
αὐτὸνsameAccusativeattributive (intensive)ὁ αὐτός: 'the same.'
λόγονwordAccusativecognate accusativeλόγος: 'word, saying'; the same petition repeated.
εἰπώνsayingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (means)→ antecedent/coincident aoristλέγω: 'say.'
40

καὶ πάλιν ἐλθὼν εὗρεν αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, ἦσαν γὰρ αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν τί ἀποκριθῶσιν αὐτῷ.

And again he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy, and they did not know what to answer him.

Second return: sleepingκαὶAgain he finds them asleep, their eyes heavy, with no answer to give.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
πάλινagainadverb of time
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εὗρενfoundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find.'
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
καθεύδονταςsleepingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · καθεύδωsupplementary participle→ durative presentκαθεύδω: 'sleep.'
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic)→ durative imperfect
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
καταβαρυνόμενοιweighed downPres Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · καταβαρύνωperiphrastic ptc. (w/ ἦσαν)→ durative presentκαταβαρύνω: 'weigh down, make heavy.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
ᾔδεισανthey knewPluperf Act Indic 3 Pl · οἶδαmain verb→ stative (pluperfect = past state)οἶδα: 'know'; pluperfect with imperfect sense.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object, indir. q.)
ἀποκριθῶσινthey should answerAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκρίνομαιsubjunctive (deliberative)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, reply.'
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
41

καὶ ἔρχεται τὸ τρίτον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε; ἀπέχει· ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα, ἰδοὺ παραδίδοται ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν.

And he comes the third time and says to them, 'Are you still sleeping and resting? It is enough; the hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.

Third return: the hourκαὶThe third return: the hour has come, the Son of Man handed over to sinners.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἔρχεταιhe comesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historical present
τὸtheAccusativearticle
τρίτονthird (time)Accusativeadverbial accusativeτρίτος: 'third'; the third coming, matching the three prayers and three denials.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Καθεύδετεare you sleepingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · καθεύδωmain verb (question/irony)→ progressive presentκαθεύδω: 'sleep.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
λοιπὸνrest/stillAccusativeadverbial accusativeλοιπός: 'remaining'; τὸ λοιπόν = 'henceforth, for the rest.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναπαύεσθεrestingPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀναπαύωmain verb (question/irony)→ progressive presentἀναπαύω: mid. 'rest, take ease.'
ἀπέχειit is enoughPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέχωmain verb (impersonal)→ stative presentἀπέχω: here impersonal 'it is enough'/'the matter is settled' — a notorious crux.
ἦλθενhas comeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative/dramatic aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
theNominativearticle
ὥραhourNominativesubjectὥρα: 'hour'; the decisive hour now arrived.
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker (interjection)ἰδού: 'behold!' a Markan vivid pointer.
παραδίδοταιis betrayedPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ futuristic/dramatic presentπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray.'
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'Son of Man.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive (defining title)
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobject of εἰςχείρ: 'hand'; into hostile power.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersGenitivesubjective/possessive genitiveἁμαρτωλός: 'sinner'; the Gentiles/authorities into whose hands he is given.
42

ἐγείρεσθε ἄγωμεν· ἰδοὺ ὁ παραδιδούς με ἤγγικεν.

Rise, let us be going; behold, the one betraying me has drawn near.'

'Rise, let us go'asyndetonJesus rouses them to meet the approaching betrayer.
ἐγείρεσθεrisePres Pass Impv 2 Pl · ἐγείρωimperative→ ingressive presentἐγείρω: 'rise, get up.'
ἄγωμενlet us goPres Act Subj 1 Pl · ἄγωhortatory subjunctive→ durative presentἄγω: 'go, lead'; 'let us be going (to meet them).'
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-markerἰδού: 'behold!'
the oneNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
παραδιδούςbetrayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παραδίδωμιsubstantival participle (subject)→ durative presentπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray'; Judas, 'the betrayer.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
ἤγγικενhas drawn nearPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγίζωmain verb→ resultative perfectἐγγίζω: 'draw near, approach.'
43

Καὶ εὐθὺς ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος παραγίνεται Ἰούδας εἷς τῶν δώδεκα καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄχλος μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων παρὰ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ τῶν γραμματέων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων.

And immediately, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, arrives, and with him a crowd with swords and clubs from the chief priests and the scribes and the elders.

The arrest partyΚαὶJudas arrives with an armed mob sent by the whole Sanhedrin.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb of timeεὐθύς: 'immediately'; Mark's signature word.
ἔτιstilladverb of time
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
λαλοῦντοςspeakingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentλαλέω: 'speak.'
παραγίνεταιarrivesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · παραγίνομαιmain verb→ historical presentπαραγίνομαι: 'come, arrive, be present.'
ἸούδαςJudasNominativesubjectἸούδας: Judas.
εἷςoneNominativeapposition (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; again 'one of the Twelve' — the in-house treachery.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
δώδεκαtwelveGenitivepartitive genitive (indeclinable)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετά
ὄχλοςa crowdNominativesubject (coordinate)ὄχλος: 'crowd, mob'; an armed posse.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
μαχαιρῶνswordsGenitiveobject of μετάμάχαιρα: 'sword, dagger.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ξύλωνclubsGenitiveobject of μετάξύλον: 'wood, club, staff.'
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἀρχιερέωνchief priestsGenitiveobject of παράἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
γραμματέωνscribesGenitiveobject of παράγραμματεύς: 'scribe.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersGenitiveobject of παράπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the three groups = the full Sanhedrin.
44

δεδώκει δὲ ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν σύσσημον αὐτοῖς λέγων· Ὃν ἂν φιλήσω αὐτός ἐστιν· κρατήσατε αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπάγετε ἀσφαλῶς.

Now the betrayer had given them a signal, saying, 'Whomever I kiss, he is the one; seize him and lead him away securely.'

The prearranged signalδέJudas had prearranged a kiss as the sign by which to identify Jesus.
δεδώκειhad givenPluperf Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ pluperfect (prior action)δίδωμι: 'give'; pluperfect = he had already arranged it.
δὲnowconnective
the oneNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
παραδιδοὺςbetrayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παραδίδωμιsubstantival participle (subject)→ durative presentπαραδίδωμι: 'betray'; 'the betrayer.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)
σύσσημονa signalAccusativedirect objectσύσσημον: 'pre-arranged signal, token.'
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
ὋνwhomeverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of φιλήσω)
ἂνeverparticle (indefinite, + subj.)
φιλήσωI kissAor Act Subj 1 Sg · φιλέωsubjunctive (indefinite rel.)→ constative aoristφιλέω: 'love, kiss'; the kiss of greeting perverted into a sign of betrayal.
αὐτόςheNominativesubject (intensive pronoun)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
κρατήσατεseizeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · κρατέωimperative→ constative aoristκρατέω: 'seize, arrest.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπάγετεlead awayPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀπάγωimperative→ durative presentἀπάγω: 'lead away'; of leading a prisoner.
ἀσφαλῶςsecurelyadverb (manner)ἀσφαλῶς: 'safely, securely'; under guard.
45

καὶ ἐλθὼν εὐθὺς προσελθὼν αὐτῷ λέγει· Ῥαββί, καὶ κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν.

And when he came, he immediately went up to him and says, 'Rabbi!' and kissed him fervently.

The kissκαὶJudas greets Jesus 'Rabbi' and kisses him — the signal completed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb of timeεὐθύς: 'immediately.'
προσελθὼνhaving approachedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristπροσέρχομαι: 'come up to, approach.'
αὐτῷhimDativedat. (after προσ-)
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
ῬαββίRabbiVocativevocative of address (transliterated)ῥαββί: Aram. 'my master, teacher'; the disciple's address, now a mask.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατεφίλησενkissed ferventlyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταφιλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταφιλέω: 'kiss earnestly' (intensive of φιλέω) — the ardent kiss heightens the treachery.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
46

οἱ δὲ ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκράτησαν αὐτόν.

And they laid hands on him and seized him.

The seizureδέThe mob lays hands on Jesus and arrests him.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective
ἐπέβαλονlaid onAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιβάλλω: 'throw upon, lay (hands) on.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect objectχείρ: 'hand.'
αὐτῷon himDativedat. of disadvantage
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκράτησανseizedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κρατέωmain verb→ constative aoristκρατέω: 'seize, arrest.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
47

εἷς δέ τις τῶν παρεστηκότων σπασάμενος τὴν μάχαιραν ἔπαισεν τὸν δοῦλον τοῦ ἀρχιερέως καὶ ἀφεῖλεν αὐτοῦ τὸ ὠτάριον.

But a certain one of those standing by drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear.

The sword-strokeδέA bystander draws a sword and severs the high priest's servant's ear.
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; an unnamed bystander (John names Peter).
δέbutconnective
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun (apposition)
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
παρεστηκότωνstanding byPerf Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · παρίστημιsubstantival participle (partitive)→ resultative perfectπαρίστημι: 'stand beside'; perf. ptc. 'the bystanders.'
σπασάμενοςhaving drawnAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · σπάωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristσπάω: 'draw (a sword).'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μάχαιρανswordAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)μάχαιρα: 'sword.'
ἔπαισενstruckAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παίωmain verb→ constative aoristπαίω: 'strike, hit.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
δοῦλονservantAccusativedirect objectδοῦλος: 'slave, servant.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀρχιερέωςhigh priestGenitivegenitive of possessionἀρχιερεύς: 'high priest.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφεῖλενcut offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφαιρέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀφαιρέω: 'take away, cut off.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ὠτάριονearAccusativedirect objectὠτάριον: 'little ear, earlobe' (diminutive of οὖς).
48

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων συλλαβεῖν με;

And Jesus answered and said to them, 'Have you come out as against a bandit, with swords and clubs, to arrest me?

Jesus' protestκαὶJesus protests being arrested like a brigand, by stealth and by night.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (pleonastic, Semitic)→ antecedent aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; redundant 'answered and said' idiom.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Ὡςascomparative particle
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostility)
λῃστὴνbanditAccusativeobject of ἐπίλῃστής: 'robber, brigand, insurrectionist'; the same word for the two crucified with him (15:27).
ἐξήλθατεyou came outAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (question)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
μαχαιρῶνswordsGenitiveobject of μετάμάχαιρα: 'sword.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ξύλωνclubsGenitiveobject of μετάξύλον: 'club.'
συλλαβεῖνto arrestAor Act Inf · συλλαμβάνωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristσυλλαμβάνω: 'seize, arrest.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
49

καθ’ ἡμέραν ἤμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ διδάσκων καὶ οὐκ ἐκρατήσατέ με· ἀλλ’ ἵνα πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί.

Day after day I was with you in the temple teaching, and you did not seize me. But let the Scriptures be fulfilled.

Fulfillment of ScriptureasyndetonHe recalls his open temple teaching; the arrest fulfills Scripture.
καθ’everypreposition (distributive, καθ' ἡμέραν)
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeobject (distributive idiom)καθ' ἡμέραν: 'day by day, daily.'
ἤμηνI wasImpf Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative (association)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of πρός
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἱερῷtempleDativedat. of placeἱερόν: 'temple (precincts).'
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ durative presentδιδάσκω: 'teach.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
ἐκρατήσατέyou seizedAor Act Indic 2 Pl · κρατέωmain verb→ constative aoristκρατέω: 'seize, arrest.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose, elliptical)ἵνα here = '(this happened) so that' — an elliptical purpose clause.
πληρωθῶσινmay be fulfilledAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · πληρόωsubjunctive (purpose)→ constative aoristπληρόω: 'fill, fulfill.'
αἱtheNominativearticle
γραφαίScripturesNominativesubjectγραφή: 'Scripture'; the prophetic writings now coming to pass.
50

καὶ ἀφέντες αὐτὸν ἔφυγον πάντες.

And they all forsook him and fled.

The disciples fleeκαὶThe prediction of v.27 is fulfilled: all the disciples abandon him and flee.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀφέντεςhaving forsakenAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀφίημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, abandon, forsake.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)
ἔφυγονthey fledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φεύγωmain verb→ constative aoristφεύγω: 'flee'; fulfilling 'the sheep will be scattered' (v.27).
πάντεςallNominativesubject (predicate position)πᾶς: 'all'; every one, as Jesus foretold.
51

Καὶ νεανίσκος τις συνηκολούθει αὐτῷ περιβεβλημένος σινδόνα ἐπὶ γυμνοῦ, καὶ κρατοῦσιν αὐτόν·

And a certain young man was following him, clothed with a linen cloth over his naked body; and they seize him,

The young manΚαὶA young man clad only in a linen sheet follows; the mob grabs at him. A scene unique to Mark.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
νεανίσκοςa young manNominativesubjectνεανίσκος: 'young man'; the anonymous figure peculiar to Mark (sometimes thought the evangelist's signature).
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun (attributive)
συνηκολούθειwas followingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · συνακολουθέωmain verb→ durative imperfectσυνακολουθέω: 'follow along with.'
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat. after συν-)
περιβεβλημένοςclothedPerf Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · περιβάλλωcircumstantial ptc. (state)→ resultative perfectπεριβάλλω: 'throw around, clothe'; perf. mid. 'having clothed himself.'
σινδόναlinen clothAccusativeaccusative of respect (clothing)σινδών: 'fine linen sheet' (the same word for Jesus' burial cloth, 15:46).
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (place)
γυμνοῦnaked (body)Genitiveobject of ἐπί (substantival adj.)γυμνός: 'naked'; ἐπὶ γυμνοῦ = 'over his bare skin.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κρατοῦσινthey seizePres Act Indic 3 Pl · κρατέωmain verb→ historical presentκρατέω: 'seize, grab.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
52

ὁ δὲ καταλιπὼν τὴν σινδόνα γυμνὸς ἔφυγεν.

but he left the linen cloth behind and fled naked.

Flees nakedδέHe wriggles free of the sheet and flees naked — a vivid image of total abandonment.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutconnective
καταλιπὼνhaving left behindAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · καταλείπωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristκαταλείπω: 'leave behind, abandon.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
σινδόναlinen clothAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)σινδών: 'linen sheet.'
γυμνὸςnakedNominativepredicate adjective (circumstance)γυμνός: 'naked'; the disciples' flight at its most stark.
ἔφυγενfledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φεύγωmain verb→ constative aoristφεύγω: 'flee.'
53

Καὶ ἀπήγαγον τὸν Ἰησοῦν πρὸς τὸν ἀρχιερέα, καὶ συνέρχονται πάντες οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς.

And they led Jesus away to the high priest, and all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes come together.

Before the SanhedrinΚαὶJesus is led to the high priest; the full council assembles.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀπήγαγονthey led awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπάγωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπάγω: 'lead away'; of a prisoner.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativedirect object
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀρχιερέαhigh priestAccusativeobject of πρόςἀρχιερεύς: 'high priest' (Caiaphas, though unnamed in Mark).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συνέρχονταιcome togetherPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · συνέρχομαιmain verb→ historical presentσυνέρχομαι: 'assemble, convene.'
πάντεςallNominativesubject (predicate position)
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubjectπρεσβύτερος: 'elder.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubjectγραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the three constituent groups of the Sanhedrin.
54

καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ ἕως ἔσω εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ ἦν συγκαθήμενος μετὰ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν καὶ θερμαινόμενος πρὸς τὸ φῶς.

And Peter followed him at a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest, and he was sitting with the attendants and warming himself at the fire.

Peter in the courtyardκαὶPeter trails at a distance into the courtyard — the setting for his denial.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter.
ἀπὸfrompreposition (in idiom ἀπὸ μακρόθεν)
μακρόθενafaradverb of placeμακρόθεν: 'from afar'; he keeps a cautious distance.
ἠκολούθησενfollowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow.'
αὐτῷhimDativeobject (dat.)
ἕωςas far aspreposition (extent)
ἔσωinsideadverb of placeἔσω: 'within, inside.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
αὐλὴνcourtyardAccusativeobject of εἰςαὐλή: 'courtyard'; the open court of the priestly residence.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀρχιερέωςhigh priestGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic)→ durative imperfect
συγκαθήμενοςsitting withPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · συγκάθημαιperiphrastic ptc. (w/ ἦν)→ durative presentσυγκάθημαι: 'sit together with.'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ὑπηρετῶνattendantsGenitiveobject of μετάὑπηρέτης: 'servant, officer, attendant'; the temple guards.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θερμαινόμενοςwarming himselfPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · θερμαίνωperiphrastic ptc. (w/ ἦν)→ durative presentθερμαίνω: mid. 'warm oneself.'
πρὸςatpreposition + accusative (proximity)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
φῶςlight/fireAccusativeobject of πρόςφῶς: 'light'; here the firelight, by which a maid will recognize him (v.67).
55

οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ ὅλον τὸ συνέδριον ἐζήτουν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαρτυρίαν εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν, καὶ οὐχ ηὕρισκον·

Now the chief priests and the whole council were seeking testimony against Jesus to put him to death, and they found none;

The search for testimonyδέThe council hunts for evidence to execute Jesus but finds none valid.
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲnowconnective
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsNominativesubject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅλονwholeNominativeattributive adjective
τὸtheNominativearticle
συνέδριονcouncilNominativesubject (coordinate)συνέδριον: 'Sanhedrin, council'; the supreme Jewish court.
ἐζήτουνwere seekingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ conative imperfectζητέω: 'seek.'
κατὰagainstpreposition + genitive (hostility)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveobject of κατά
μαρτυρίανtestimonyAccusativedirect objectμαρτυρία: 'testimony, evidence.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose, articular inf.)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (w/ articular inf.)
θανατῶσαιto put to deathAor Act Inf · θανατόωarticular infinitive (purpose)→ constative aoristθανατόω: 'put to death.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative subject/object of inf.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐχnotnegative
ηὕρισκονthey were findingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ durative imperfectεὑρίσκω: 'find'; the imperfect of repeated failure.
56

πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐψευδομαρτύρουν κατ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἴσαι αἱ μαρτυρίαι οὐκ ἦσαν.

for many bore false witness against him, but their testimonies did not agree.

Discordant witnessesγάρMany testify falsely, but their accounts do not match (two agreeing witnesses were required).
πολλοὶmanyNominativesubjectπολύς: 'many.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐψευδομαρτύρουνwere bearing false witnessImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ψευδομαρτυρέωmain verb→ iterative imperfectψευδομαρτυρέω: 'testify falsely' (violating Exod 20:16).
κατ’againstpreposition + genitive (hostility)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατά
καὶand (but)coordinating conjunction
ἴσαιagreeing/equalNominativepredicate adjectiveἴσος: 'equal, consistent'; the testimonies were not 'equal' (Deut 19:15 required two agreeing).
αἱtheNominativearticle
μαρτυρίαιtestimoniesNominativesubjectμαρτυρία: 'testimony.'
οὐκnotnegative
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
57

καί τινες ἀναστάντες ἐψευδομαρτύρουν κατ’ αὐτοῦ λέγοντες

And some stood up and bore false witness against him, saying,

The temple-saying chargeκαὶSome rise to allege a saying about destroying the temple.
καίandnarrative conjunction
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
ἀναστάντεςhaving stood upAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀνίστημιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'stand up, rise.'
ἐψευδομαρτύρουνwere bearing false witnessImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ψευδομαρτυρέωmain verb→ iterative imperfectψευδομαρτυρέω: 'testify falsely.'
κατ’againstpreposition + genitive (hostility)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατά
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
58

ὅτι Ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος ὅτι Ἐγὼ καταλύσω τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον τὸν χειροποίητον καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἄλλον ἀχειροποίητον οἰκοδομήσω.

'We heard him saying, “I will destroy this temple made with hands, and after three days I will build another not made with hands.”'

The chargeὅτιThe accusation: a threat to destroy the handmade temple and build another in three days.
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
ἩμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
ἠκούσαμενwe heardAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear.'
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object (of hearing)
λέγοντοςsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λέγωsupplementary participle (w/ ἀκούω)→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
ἘγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
καταλύσωI will destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · καταλύωmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureκαταλύω: 'destroy, demolish, tear down.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ναὸνtemple/sanctuaryAccusativedirect objectναός: 'sanctuary, shrine'; the temple proper (cf. John 2:19–21, the body).
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative (attributive)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χειροποίητονmade with handsAccusativeattributive adjectiveχειροποίητος: 'hand-made'; OT term for idols, here ironically the temple.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διὰafterpreposition + genitive (time-interval)
τριῶνthreeGenitiveattributive numeral
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitiveobject of διά (interval)ἡμέρα: 'day'; 'in three days' — a veiled resurrection allusion.
ἄλλονanotherAccusativedirect objectἄλλος: 'another (of the same kind).'
ἀχειροποίητονnot made with handsAccusativeattributive adjectiveἀχειροποίητος: 'not hand-made'; the eschatological/spiritual temple.
οἰκοδομήσωI will buildFut Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureοἰκοδομέω: 'build.'
59

καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἴση ἦν ἡ μαρτυρία αὐτῶν.

Yet not even so did their testimony agree.

Still discordantκαὶEven this charge could not be made to cohere among the witnesses.
καὶand (yet)narrative conjunction
οὐδὲnot evennegative adverbοὐδέ: 'not even.'
οὕτωςsoadverb (manner)οὕτως: 'thus, so.'
ἴσηagreeing/equalNominativepredicate adjectiveἴσος: 'consistent, agreeing.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
theNominativearticle
μαρτυρίαtestimonyNominativesubjectμαρτυρία: 'testimony.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
60

καὶ ἀναστὰς ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς εἰς μέσον ἐπηρώτησεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν λέγων· Οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν; τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν;

And the high priest stood up in the midst and questioned Jesus, saying, 'Do you answer nothing? What is it that these testify against you?'

The high priest interrogatesκαὶThe high priest rises to press Jesus, who stays silent.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἀναστὰςhaving stood upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'stand up.'
theNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεὺςhigh priestNominativesubjectἀρχιερεύς: 'high priest.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
μέσονthe midstAccusativeobject of εἰςμέσος: 'middle'; 'into the middle' — taking center stage.
ἐπηρώτησενquestionedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω: 'question, interrogate.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativedirect object
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
Οὐκnotnegative
ἀποκρίνῃdo you answerPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (question)→ progressive presentἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
οὐδένnothingAccusativedirect object (double negative)οὐδείς: 'no one, nothing.'
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object)
οὗτοίtheseNominativesubject (demonstrative)
σουagainst youGenitivegenitive (after κατα-)
καταμαρτυροῦσινtestify againstPres Act Indic 3 Pl · καταμαρτυρέωmain verb (question)→ progressive presentκαταμαρτυρέω: 'testify against.'
61

ὁ δὲ ἐσιώπα καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο οὐδέν. πάλιν ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ εὐλογητοῦ;

But he was silent and answered nothing. Again the high priest questioned him and says to him, 'Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?'

Silence; the direct questionδέJesus keeps silent (Isa 53:7); the high priest puts the messianic question directly.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἐσιώπαwas silentImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · σιωπάωmain verb→ durative imperfectσιωπάω: 'be silent'; the silent Servant (Isa 53:7).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
ἀπεκρίνατοansweredAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
οὐδένnothingAccusativedirect object (double neg.)
πάλινagainadverb of timeπάλιν: 'again.'
theNominativearticle
ἀρχιερεὺςhigh priestNominativesubject
ἐπηρώταwas questioningImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'question.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΣὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
χριστὸςChristNominativepredicate nominativeχριστός: 'Anointed One, Messiah.'
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativeapposition (predicate)υἱός: 'Son'; 'Son of the Blessed' = Son of God.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐλογητοῦBlessed OneGenitivegenitive (reverential circumlocution)εὐλογητός: 'blessed'; a Jewish reverential substitute for the divine name.
62

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Ἐγώ εἰμι, καὶ ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ ἐρχόμενον μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

And Jesus said, 'I am; and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.'

'I am' — the Son of Man at the right handδέJesus answers openly 'I am,' joining Ps 110:1 and Dan 7:13 — exaltation and parousia.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἘγώINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)ἐγώ εἰμι: 'I am'; the unambiguous affirmation (possibly echoing the divine self-naming, Exod 3:14).
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula/absolute)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'am'; the open confession the council sought.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὄψεσθεyou will seeFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ predictive futureὁράω: 'see, behold.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱὸνSonAccusativedirect objectυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'Son of Man' (Dan 7:13).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive (defining title)
ἐκatpreposition + genitive (position)
δεξιῶνthe right handGenitiveobject of ἐκ (idiom)δεξιός: 'right (hand)'; ἐκ δεξιῶν = 'at the right hand' (Ps 110:1).
καθήμενονseatedPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · κάθημαιsupplementary participle (w/ ὄψεσθε)→ durative presentκάθημαι: 'sit, be seated'; enthroned in power.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
δυνάμεωςPowerGenitivegenitive (reverential circumlocution)δύναμις: 'Power'; a reverential surrogate for 'God' — 'the right hand of God.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐρχόμενονcomingPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιsupplementary participle (w/ ὄψεσθε)→ futuristic presentἔρχομαι: 'come'; the parousia of Dan 7:13.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
νεφελῶνcloudsGenitiveobject of μετάνεφέλη: 'cloud'; the apocalyptic theophany imagery.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of sourceοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky.'
63

ὁ δὲ ἀρχιερεὺς διαρρήξας τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτοῦ λέγει· Τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων;

And the high priest tore his garments and says, 'Why do we still have need of witnesses?

Tearing the robesδέThe high priest rends his garments at the perceived blasphemy.
theNominativearticle
δὲandconnective
ἀρχιερεὺςhigh priestNominativesubject
διαρρήξαςhaving tornAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διαρρήγνυμιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristδιαρρήγνυμι: 'tear apart, rend'; the ritual reaction to blasphemy.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
χιτῶναςgarmentsAccusativedirect objectχιτών: 'tunic, garment.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
ΤίwhyAccusativeinterrogative (adverbial acc.)
ἔτιstilladverb of time
χρείανneedAccusativedirect objectχρεία: 'need'; χρείαν ἔχω = 'have need of.'
ἔχομενdo we havePres Act Indic 1 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (question)→ progressive presentἔχω: 'have.'
μαρτύρωνof witnessesGenitiveobjective genitiveμάρτυς: 'witness.'
64

ἠκούσατε τῆς βλασφημίας· τί ὑμῖν φαίνεται; οἱ δὲ πάντες κατέκριναν αὐτὸν ἔνοχον εἶναι θανάτου.

You have heard the blasphemy. What is your judgment?' And they all condemned him as deserving death.

CondemnationasyndetonDeclaring it blasphemy, the council unanimously condemns him to death.
ἠκούσατεyou have heardAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
βλασφημίαςblasphemyGenitivegenitive object (of hearing)βλασφημία: 'blasphemy, slander'; claiming God's prerogatives (cf. 2:7).
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative (subject)
ὑμῖνto youDativedat. of reference
φαίνεταιseemsPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · φαίνωmain verb (question)→ progressive presentφαίνω: mid. 'appear, seem'; 'how does it seem to you?'
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandconnective
πάντεςallNominativeapposition (predicate position)πᾶς: 'all'; the unanimous verdict.
κατέκρινανcondemnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακρίνωmain verb→ constative aoristκατακρίνω: 'condemn, pass sentence against.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἔνοχονliable/deservingAccusativepredicate accusativeἔνοχος: 'liable to, guilty of'; here 'liable to death.'
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive (indir. discourse)→ stative present
θανάτουof deathGenitivegenitive (of penalty, w/ ἔνοχον)θάνατος: 'death'; the capital sentence.
65

καὶ ἤρξαντό τινες ἐμπτύειν αὐτῷ καὶ περικαλύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ κολαφίζειν αὐτὸν καὶ λέγειν αὐτῷ· Προφήτευσον, καὶ οἱ ὑπηρέται ῥαπίσμασιν αὐτὸν ἔλαβον.

And some began to spit on him and to cover his face and to strike him with their fists and to say to him, 'Prophesy!' And the attendants received him with blows.

The mockeryκαὶThey mock him as a false prophet — spitting, blindfolding, beating, jeering 'Prophesy!'
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἤρξαντόbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin.'
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
ἐμπτύεινto spit onPres Act Inf · ἐμπτύωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentἐμπτύω: 'spit on'; fulfilling 10:34.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. (after ἐμ-)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περικαλύπτεινto coverPres Act Inf · περικαλύπτωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentπερικαλύπτω: 'cover all around, blindfold.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πρόσωπονfaceAccusativedirect objectπρόσωπον: 'face.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κολαφίζεινto strike with fistsPres Act Inf · κολαφίζωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentκολαφίζω: 'beat with the fist, buffet.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΠροφήτευσονprophesyAor Act Impv 2 Sg · προφητεύωimperative (taunt)→ constative aoristπροφητεύω: 'prophesy'; the mocking demand (Mark lacks 'who struck you?').
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὑπηρέταιattendantsNominativesubjectὑπηρέτης: 'officer, attendant'; the temple guards.
ῥαπίσμασινwith blowsDativedat. of means/mannerῥάπισμα: 'a blow, slap (with rod or hand).'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἔλαβονreceived/tookAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: here 'take/receive with blows' — a Latinism (verberibus eum acceperunt).
66

Καὶ ὄντος τοῦ Πέτρου κάτω ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ ἔρχεται μία τῶν παιδισκῶν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως,

And as Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant-girls of the high priest comes,

Peter below in the courtΚαὶThe scene shifts to Peter below, where a servant-girl approaches.
Καὶandnarrative conjunction
ὄντοςbeingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · εἰμίgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative present
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ΠέτρουPeterGenitivesubject of gen. absoluteΠέτρος: Peter.
κάτωbelowadverb of placeκάτω: 'below'; the trial above, Peter in the court beneath.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
αὐλῇcourtyardDativedat. of placeαὐλή: 'courtyard.'
ἔρχεταιcomesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ historical presentἔρχομαι: 'come.'
μίαoneNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς/μία: 'one.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
παιδισκῶνservant-girlsGenitivepartitive genitiveπαιδίσκη: 'maidservant, slave-girl.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀρχιερέωςhigh priestGenitivegenitive of possession
67

καὶ ἰδοῦσα τὸν Πέτρον θερμαινόμενον ἐμβλέψασα αὐτῷ λέγει· Καὶ σὺ μετὰ τοῦ Ναζαρηνοῦ ἦσθα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him and says, 'You also were with the Nazarene, Jesus.'

First accusationκαὶThe maid recognizes Peter as a companion of Jesus the Nazarene.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
ἰδοῦσαhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΠέτρονPeterAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)
θερμαινόμενονwarming himselfPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · θερμαίνωsupplementary participle→ durative presentθερμαίνω: mid. 'warm oneself.'
ἐμβλέψασαhaving looked atAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἐμβλέπωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἐμβλέπω: 'look intently at, fix one's gaze.'
αὐτῷat himDativeobject (dat. after ἐμ-)
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ historical present
Καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ΝαζαρηνοῦNazareneGenitiveobject of μετά (apposition)Ναζαρηνός: 'Nazarene'; from Nazareth — a near-contemptuous designation.
ἦσθαyou wereImpf Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ durative imperfect
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveapposition to Ναζαρηνοῦ
68

ὁ δὲ ἠρνήσατο λέγων· Οὔτε οἶδα οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις. καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἔξω εἰς τὸ προαύλιον, καὶ ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν.

But he denied it, saying, 'I neither know nor understand what you are saying.' And he went out into the forecourt; and a cock crowed.

First denialδέPeter's first denial; he withdraws to the gateway, and a cock crows (textually disputed but presupposed by v.72).
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἠρνήσατοdeniedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀρνέομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀρνέομαι: 'deny, disown.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
Οὔτεneithercorrelative negative conjunction
οἶδαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ stative (perf. w/ pres. sense)οἶδα: 'know.'
οὔτεnorcorrelative negative conjunction
ἐπίσταμαιI understandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐπίσταμαιmain verb→ stative presentἐπίσταμαι: 'understand, comprehend.'
σὺyouNominativesubject (of the embedded clause)
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object, indir. q.)
λέγειςyou are sayingPres Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (indir. q.)→ progressive present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθενhe went outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
ἔξωoutsideadverb of placeἔξω: 'outside.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
προαύλιονforecourtAccusativeobject of εἰςπροαύλιον: 'forecourt, gateway, porch'; the entrance area.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀλέκτωρa cockNominativesubjectἀλέκτωρ: 'cock, rooster'; the first crow — these words are textually disputed but presupposed by 'a second time' (v.72).
ἐφώνησενcrowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φωνέωmain verb→ constative aoristφωνέω: 'call, sound'; of the cock, 'crow.'
69

καὶ ἡ παιδίσκη ἰδοῦσα αὐτὸν ἤρξατο πάλιν λέγειν τοῖς παρεστῶσιν ὅτι Οὗτος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐστιν.

And the servant-girl, seeing him, began again to say to the bystanders, 'This man is one of them.'

Second accusationκαὶThe maid renews the charge before the bystanders.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
theNominativearticle
παιδίσκηservant-girlNominativesubjectπαιδίσκη: 'maidservant.'
ἰδοῦσαhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (of ptc.)
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin.'
πάλινagainadverb of timeπάλιν: 'again.'
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentλέγω: 'say.'
τοῖςto thoseDativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
παρεστῶσινstanding byPerf Act Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · παρίστημιsubstantival participle (indir. obj.)→ resultative perfectπαρίστημι: 'stand by'; 'the bystanders.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
Οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (demonstrative)
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐξ (partitive)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
70

ὁ δὲ πάλιν ἠρνεῖτο. καὶ μετὰ μικρὸν πάλιν οἱ παρεστῶτες ἔλεγον τῷ Πέτρῳ· Ἀληθῶς ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ, καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖος εἶ.

But again he denied it. And after a little while the bystanders again said to Peter, 'Truly you are one of them, for you also are a Galilean.'

Second denial; third chargeδέPeter denies again; soon the bystanders press the Galilean accent against him.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
πάλινagainadverb of time
ἠρνεῖτοwas denyingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀρνέομαιmain verb→ durative/iterative imperfectἀρνέομαι: 'deny.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
μικρὸνa little (while)Accusativeobject of μετά (time)μικρός: 'small'; 'a little while.'
πάλινagainadverb of time
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
παρεστῶτεςstanding byPerf Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · παρίστημιsubstantival participle (subject)→ resultative perfectπαρίστημι: 'stand by'; the bystanders.
ἔλεγονwere sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ iterative imperfect
τῷtoDativearticle
ΠέτρῳPeterDativeindirect object
Ἀληθῶςtrulyadverb (asseveration)ἀληθῶς: 'truly, really.'
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐξ
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative present
καὶalso/indeedadverbial (καὶ γάρ)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
Γαλιλαῖοςa GalileanNominativepredicate nominativeΓαλιλαῖος: 'Galilean'; his accent betrays him (cf. Matt 26:73).
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative present
71

ὁ δὲ ἤρξατο ἀναθεματίζειν καὶ ὀμνύναι ὅτι Οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὃν λέγετε.

But he began to invoke a curse and to swear, 'I do not know this man of whom you speak.'

Third denial with oathsδέPeter's third denial — now with curses and oaths.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin.'
ἀναθεματίζεινto cursePres Act Inf · ἀναθεματίζωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentἀναθεματίζω: 'invoke a curse (on oneself), bind with an oath.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὀμνύναιto swearPres Act Inf · ὀμνύωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentὀμνύω: 'swear an oath.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
Οὐκnotnegative
οἶδαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ stative (perf. w/ pres. sense)οἶδα: 'know'; the climactic denial — disowning even acquaintance.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativedirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'man'; Peter will not even name Jesus.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative (attributive)
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of λέγετε)
λέγετεyou speak ofPres Act Indic 2 Pl · λέγωmain verb (rel. clause)→ progressive present
72

καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ δευτέρου ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν. καὶ ἀνεμνήσθη ὁ Πέτρος τὸ ῥῆμα ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δὶς τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ· καὶ ἐπιβαλὼν ἔκλαιεν.

And immediately a cock crowed a second time. And Peter remembered the word, how Jesus had said to him, 'Before a cock crows twice, you will deny me three times.' And he broke down and wept.

The second cock-crow; Peter weepsκαὶThe cock crows a second time; Peter recalls Jesus' word and breaks down weeping.
καὶandnarrative conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb of timeεὐθύς: 'immediately.'
ἐκforpreposition (idiom ἐκ δευτέρου)
δευτέρουthe second timeGenitiveobject (ἐκ δευτέρου = 'a second time')δεύτερος: 'second'; the second crow fulfills the double-crow prophecy (v.30).
ἀλέκτωρa cockNominativesubjectἀλέκτωρ: 'cock, rooster.'
ἐφώνησενcrowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φωνέωmain verb→ constative aoristφωνέω: 'crow.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνεμνήσθηrememberedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀναμιμνῄσκωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναμιμνῄσκω: pass. 'remember, recall.'
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect objectῥῆμα: 'word, saying'; Jesus' precise prediction.
ὡςhowconjunction (manner)
εἶπενhad saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subord.)→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative)
Πρὶνbeforetemporal conjunction
ἀλέκτοραa cockAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitiveἀλέκτωρ: 'cock.'
φωνῆσαιto crowAor Act Inf · φωνέωinfinitive (after πρίν)→ constative aoristφωνέω: 'crow.'
δὶςtwiceadverb (numeral)δίς: 'twice'; the Markan double crow.
τρίςthree timesadverb (numeral)τρίς: 'thrice.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
ἀπαρνήσῃyou will denyFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀπαρνέομαιmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureἀπαρνέομαι: 'deny, disown.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιβαλὼνhaving broken down/set toAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιβάλλωcircumstantial ptc. (manner; idiom)→ antecedent aoristἐπιβάλλω: a famous crux — 'throwing himself down,' 'covering his head,' or 'setting himself (to weep)'; rendered 'broke down.'
ἔκλαιενhe was weepingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κλαίωmain verb→ inceptive/durative imperfectκλαίω: 'weep, wail'; the inceptive imperfect — he burst into tears.