independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionaldashed = verbless / suspended
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Nazareth — the prophet without honor 6:1–6
vv. 1–3 — the hometown astonishment curdles into offense
1
Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν,independent — the departure — the Nazareth episode opens
καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ,independent — historic present — the arrival narrated before our eyes
καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσιν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.independent — historic present — the disciples in tow, witnesses of the rejection
2
καὶ γενομένου σαββάτουparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning; leans on ἤρξατο
ἤρξατο διδάσκειν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ·independent — Mark's ἤρξατο + infinitive — the synagogue teaching begins
καὶ πολλοὶ ἀκούοντες ἐξεπλήσσοντοindependent — imperfect — ongoing amazement, not yet faith
λέγοντες·participial — speech-participle — the frame for the barrage of questions
Πόθεν τούτῳ ταῦτα,content — verbless question — τούτῳ, the dismissive 'this fellow'
καὶ τίς ἡ σοφία ἡ δοθεῖσα τούτῳcontent — verbless — ἡ δοθεῖσα, a passive that unwittingly implies a divine giver
καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις τοιαῦται διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ γινόμεναι;content — verbless exclamation — the works undeniable, the source in question
3
οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τέκτων, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς Μαρίας καὶ ἀδελφὸς Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωσῆτος καὶ Ἰούδα καὶ Σίμωνος;content — ὁ τέκτων printed against 'the son of the carpenter' (assimilation to Matt 13:55) — a noted crux; 'son of Mary,' not of Joseph, is pointed
καὶ οὐκ εἰσὶν αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ ὧδε πρὸς ἡμᾶς;content — the final reduction — the whole familiar family produced as evidence
καὶ ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ.independent — ἐσκανδαλίζοντο — they stumbled over the ordinary origins of the extraordinary man
vv. 4–6a — the proverb, the withheld power, the marvel
4
καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτιindependent — imperfect of speaking + recitative ὅτι — the proverb-frame
Οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμοςcontent — gnomic present — Jesus classes himself among the rejected prophets
εἰ μὴ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τοῖς συγγενεῦσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ.conditional — εἰ μή exceptive, verbless (backward-leaning, so anchored) — three concentric circles: town, kin, house
5
καὶ οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ ποιῆσαι οὐδεμίαν δύναμιν,independent — the bold οὐκ ἐδύνατο — unbelief constrains the power; Matthew softens to 'did not' (Matt 13:58)
εἰ μὴ ὀλίγοις ἀρρώστοις ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας ἐθεράπευσεν.conditional — εἰ μή exception with its own finite verb — a few healings slip through the unbelief
6
καὶ ἐθαύμαζεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν.independent — imperfect — sustained wonder; Jesus marvels only here and at a Gentile's faith (Luke 7:9)
v. 6b — the pivot: the village circuit that frames the sending
Καὶ περιῆγεν τὰς κώμας κύκλῳ διδάσκων.independent — itinerant imperfect — 6b turns from Nazareth's refusal to the wider mission
The Twelve sent out two by two 6:7–13
vv. 7–9 — the commission: authority granted, baggage forbidden
7
καὶ προσκαλεῖται τοὺς δώδεκα,independent — historic present — the commissioning foregrounded
καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν δύο δύο,independent — δύο δύο — Semitic distributive; paired for support and valid witness (Deut 19:15)
καὶ ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων,independent — durative imperfect — his own ἐξουσία (1:27) delegated
8
καὶ παρήγγειλεν αὐτοῖςindependent — παραγγέλλω — the verb of formal orders; the travel-charge
ἵνα μηδὲν αἴρωσιν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰ μὴ ῥάβδον μόνον,content — ἵνα of indirect command; Mark alone permits the staff (contrast Matt 10:10; Luke 9:3)
μὴ ἄρτον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ εἰς τὴν ζώνην χαλκόν,content — the triple μή list, verbless — radical dependence on God and on hospitality
9
ἀλλὰ ὑποδεδεμένους σανδάλια,content — perfect participle continuing the charge — the settled state of being shod; no finite verb
καὶ μὴ ἐνδύσησθε δύο χιτῶνας.content — the syntax slides into direct second-person prohibition — Mark's anacoluthon mid-charge
vv. 10–11 — the lodging rule and the dust-shaking
10
καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς·independent — imperfect of speaking — the lodging rule
Ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθητε εἰς οἰκίαν,conditional — indefinite local protasis inside quoted speech — leans forward on μένετε
ἐκεῖ μένετεcontent — the apodosis-command — one host per town, no upgrading to better hospitality
ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε ἐκεῖθεν.conditional — temporal ἕως ἄν (typed cnd; no temporal key) — backward-leaning, so anchored
11
καὶ ὃς ἂν τόπος μὴ δέξηται ὑμᾶς μηδὲ ἀκούσωσιν ὑμῶν,conditional — indefinite relative protasis (plural ἀκούσωσιν, constructio ad sensum) — leans forward on ἐκτινάξατε
ἐκπορευόμενοι ἐκεῖθενparticipial — preposed circumstantial — the departing gesture before the command strikes
ἐκτινάξατε τὸν χοῦν τὸν ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς.content — the prophetic gesture — feet shaken against Gentile soil, turned on unreceptive towns (cf. Acts 13:51)
vv. 12–13 — the mission carried out
12
Καὶ ἐξελθόντεςparticipial — preposed aorist participle — the mission launched; leans on ἐκήρυξαν
ἐκήρυξανindependent — the Twelve take up the κηρύσσειν of John and of Jesus
ἵνα μετανοῶσιν,content — ἵνα of the message's content — the summons of 1:15 echoed
13
καὶ δαιμόνια πολλὰ ἐξέβαλλον,independent — customary imperfect — the recurring exorcisms; the granted ἐξουσία at work
καὶ ἤλειφον ἐλαίῳ πολλοὺς ἀρρώστουςindependent — anointing with oil — unique to Mark here (cf. Jas 5:14)
καὶ ἐθεράπευον.independent — third customary imperfect — the mission's steady work
Herod and the Baptist — the flashback of the beheading 6:14–29
vv. 14–16 — the verdicts on Jesus' fame, and Herod's own
14
Καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης,independent — 'king' by courtesy — Antipas was tetrarch; the fame reaches the court
φανερὸν γὰρ ἐγένετο τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ,cause — narrator's γάρ — the mission of vv. 7–13 has made the name public
καὶ ἔλεγον ὅτιindependent — plural ἔλεγον printed (var. ἔλεγεν) — the survey of popular opinion; recitative ὅτι
Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν,content — perfect ἐγήγερται — risen and now alive; the guilty rumor
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐνεργοῦσιν αἱ δυνάμεις ἐν αὐτῷ.content — the inference — resurrection explains the δυνάμεις
15
ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον ὅτιindependent — the second opinion — recitative ὅτι
Ἠλίας ἐστίν·content — the eschatological forerunner (Mal 4:5)
ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον ὅτιindependent — the third opinion
προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν.content — verbless — a prophet of the old stamp; every verdict falls short
16
ἀκούσας δὲparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἔλεγεν
ὁ Ἡρῴδης ἔλεγεν·independent — the king's own verdict over the rumors — conscience chooses the worst option
Ὃν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην,content — fronted relative with emphatic ἐγώ — Herod owns the deed; casus pendens
οὗτος ἠγέρθη.content — resumptive οὗτος — the guilty conscience's verdict
vv. 17–20 — the flashback opens: why John lay in prison
17
Αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἡρῴδης ἀποστείλαςparticipial — explanatory γάρ launches the flashback, narrated at mainline depth; intensive αὐτός — he sent (soldiers) to arrest; leans on ἐκράτησεν
ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννηνindependent — aorist of the arrest — the flashback's first event
καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ,independent — per Josephus, at Machaerus — the cause named: the unlawful marriage
ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν·cause — the ὅτι-ground — the marriage violating Lev 18:16; 20:21
18
ἔλεγεν γὰρ ὁ Ἰωάννης τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ ὅτιcause — iterative imperfect — the repeated confrontation that made the marriage the charge; recitative ὅτι
Οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου.content — the prophet's fatal candor — Torah spoken to the tetrarch's face
19
ἡ δὲ Ἡρῳδιὰς ἐνεῖχεν αὐτῷindependent — imperfect — the settled hostility; she is the active malice
καὶ ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι,independent — imperfect of desire — the murder already willed
καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο·independent — adversative καί — the desire blocked
20
ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην,cause — the γάρ-ground of her impotence — the king's awe of the prophet
εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον καὶ ἅγιον,participial — causal participle — the fear grounded in knowledge
καὶ συνετήρει αὐτόν,cause — protective imperfect — Herod the reluctant shield against his own wife
καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ πολλὰ ἠπόρει,cause — πολλὰ ἠπόρει printed — the harder reading, against Byzantine πολλὰ ἐποίει ('did many things'); the torn conscience
καὶ ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν.cause — concessive καί — drawn and disturbed at once
vv. 21–25 — the opportune day: the dance, the oath, the demand
21
Καὶ γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρουparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on ἤρεσεν (v. 22); εὔκαιρος is sinister: Herodias' chance
ὅτε Ἡρῴδης τοῖς γενεσίοις αὐτοῦ δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς χιλιάρχοις καὶ τοῖς πρώτοις τῆς Γαλιλαίας,conditional — temporal ὅτε (typed cnd; no temporal key) defining the day — the courtly guest-list builds the stage
22
καὶ εἰσελθούσης τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος καὶ ὀρχησαμένης,participial — second genitive absolute — αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος a notorious crux: the printed text reads 'his daughter Herodias'; translation follows the conventional 'daughter of Herodias herself' (Salome)
ἤρεσεν τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ καὶ τοῖς συνανακειμένοις.independent — the dance lands — the trap's spring is set
εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ κορασίῳ·independent — asyndeton — the rash offer follows at once
Αἴτησόν με ὃ ἐὰν θέλῃς,content — the open-ended promise — ὃ ἐάν, anything at all
καὶ δώσω σοι·content — the pledge — about to be sworn
23
καὶ ὤμοσεν αὐτῇ·independent — the oath that becomes the trap (some witnesses add πολλά)
Ὅ τι ἐάν με αἰτήσῃςconditional — indefinite protasis inside the oath — leans forward on δώσω
δώσω σοι ἕως ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου.content — the Ahasuerus-echo (Esth 5:3) — an extravagant, and empty, offer
24
καὶ ἐξελθοῦσαparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῆς·independent — the consultation — the plot passes to Herodias
Τί αἰτήσωμαι;content — deliberative subjunctive — the girl has no request of her own
ἡ δὲ εἶπεν·independent — the mother's turn — the grudge of v. 19 strikes
Τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτίζοντος.content — verbless — the cold, instant demand
25
καὶ εἰσελθοῦσα εὐθὺς μετὰ σπουδῆς πρὸς τὸν βασιλέαparticipial — preposed participle — εὐθύς plus μετὰ σπουδῆς stack the urgency; leans on ᾐτήσατο
ᾐτήσατοindependent — middle αἰτέομαι — asking for herself
λέγουσα·participial — pleonastic speech-participle — the frame
Θέλωcontent — the blunt volitional — governing the ἵνα clause
ἵνα ἐξαυτῆς δῷς μοι ἐπὶ πίνακι τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτιστοῦ.content — ἵνα-object clause — ἐξαυτῆς ('this instant') and the platter turn the banquet to horror
vv. 26–29 — the king trapped, the head, the burial
26
καὶ περίλυπος γενόμενος ὁ βασιλεὺςparticipial — concessive participle — περίλυπος, Gethsemane's word (14:34); leans on ἠθέλησεν
διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τοὺς ἀνακειμένους οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἀθετῆσαι αὐτήν·independent — the grounds fronted — honor before the guests outweighs conscience
27
καὶ εὐθὺς ἀποστείλας ὁ βασιλεὺς σπεκουλάτοραparticipial — preposed participle — σπεκουλάτωρ, a Latin loanword (speculator); leans on ἐπέταξεν
ἐπέταξεν ἐνέγκαι τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ.independent — the order given from the banqueting couch
καὶ ἀπελθὼνparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἀπεκεφάλισεν
ἀπεκεφάλισεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ φυλακῇindependent — the Baptist's end — one flat clause, no scene made of it
28
καὶ ἤνεγκεν τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακιindependent — the demanded πίναξ appears
καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν τῷ κορασίῳ,independent — first handoff
καὶ τὸ κοράσιον ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῆς.independent — the chain complete — executioner to girl to mother; the grudge served at table
29
καὶ ἀκούσαντεςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἦλθον
οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἦλθονindependent — John's own followers — the last service
καὶ ἦραν τὸ πτῶμα αὐτοῦindependent — πτῶμα — the fallen body
καὶ ἔθηκαν αὐτὸ ἐν μνημείῳ.independent — the burial — foreshadowing 15:45–46: another disciple, another tomb
The return, and the five thousand fed 6:30–44
vv. 30–34 — the report, the retreat overrun, the shepherdless sheep
30
Καὶ συνάγονται οἱ ἀπόστολοι πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν,independent — historic present — ἀπόστολοι in its full sense, only here in Mark
καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ πάνταindependent — the mission frame closes over the John flashback
ὅσα ἐποίησανrelative — the deeds
καὶ ὅσα ἐδίδαξαν.relative — the teaching — the two halves of the commission
31
καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς·independent — historic present — the rest invitation
Δεῦτε ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ κατ' ἰδίαν εἰς ἔρημον τόπονcontent — emphatic ὑμεῖς αὐτοί — the shepherd's care for the shepherds
καὶ ἀναπαύσασθε ὀλίγον.content — the offered rest — soon overrun
ἦσαν γὰρ οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες πολλοί,cause — narrator's γάρ — the press of the crowds explains the invitation
καὶ οὐδὲ φαγεῖν εὐκαίρουν.cause — no time even for bread — bread about to abound
32
καὶ ἀπῆλθον ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κατ' ἰδίαν.independent — the attempted retreat — ἔρημος τόπος, the wilderness motif again
33
καὶ εἶδον αὐτοὺς ὑπάγονταςindependent — the privacy fails at once
καὶ ἐπέγνωσαν πολλοί,independent — recognition — the witnesses vary ('them' / 'him')
καὶ πεζῇ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων συνέδραμον ἐκεῖindependent — πεζῇ — the land-race against the boat
καὶ προῆλθον αὐτούς.independent — the crowd wins — the rest is over before it begins (the clause varies in the witnesses)
34
καὶ ἐξελθὼνparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶδεν
εἶδεν πολὺν ὄχλον,independent — the sight that moves him
καὶ ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ' αὐτοὺςindependent — σπλαγχνίζομαι — moved in the inward parts; the shepherd's verb, against Herod's banquet
ὅτι ἦσαν ὡς πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα,cause — Num 27:17; Ezek 34 — Israel shepherdless; Jesus the true shepherd
καὶ ἤρξατο διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς πολλά.independent — the shepherd feeds first with the word
vv. 35–38 — the late-hour dialogue: send them away, or feed them
35
Καὶ ἤδη ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένηςparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on ἔλεγον
προσελθόντες αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦparticipial — second preposed participle — the practical approach
ἔλεγον ὅτιindependent — imperfect of speaking + recitative ὅτι
Ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος,content — the objection begins — the sought ἔρημος now a problem
καὶ ἤδη ὥρα πολλή·content — verbless — the narrator's genitive absolute echoed in the disciples' mouth
36
ἀπόλυσον αὐτούς,content — the disciples' solution — dispersal
ἵνα ἀπελθόντες εἰς τοὺς κύκλῳ ἀγροὺς καὶ κώμας ἀγοράσωσιν ἑαυτοῖς τί φάγωσιν.purpose — purpose — let the crowd fend for itself
37
ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶςparticipial — preposed Semitic 'answering' participle — leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the counter-command
Δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν.content — emphatic ὑμεῖς — the burden thrown back on the disciples
καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ·independent — historic present — the protest
Ἀπελθόντες ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτουςcontent — deliberative subjunctive — two hundred denarii, some eight months' wages: the impossibility priced
καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν;content — deliberative future — their δώσομεν echoes his Δότε, incredulous
38
ὁ δὲ λέγει αὐτοῖς·independent — historic present — the inventory question
Πόσους ἄρτους ἔχετε;content — the question that starts from what is at hand
ὑπάγετε ἴδετε.content — asyndetic double imperative — brisk
καὶ γνόντεςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on λέγουσιν
λέγουσιν·independent — historic present — the report
Πέντε, καὶ δύο ἰχθύας.content — verbless — the meager inventory, the sign's raw material
vv. 39–44 — the seating, the blessing, the abundance, the count
39
καὶ ἐπέταξεν αὐτοῖς ἀνακλῖναι πάντας συμπόσια συμπόσια ἐπὶ τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ.independent — συμπόσια συμπόσια — Semitic distributive; the green grass a springtime, Passover-season eyewitness touch
40
καὶ ἀνέπεσαν πρασιαὶ πρασιαὶ κατὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ κατὰ πεντήκοντα.independent — πρασιαὶ πρασιαί, 'garden-bed by garden-bed' — Israel's wilderness camp ordered anew (Exod 18:21)
41
καὶ λαβὼν τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύαςparticipial — preposed participle — the eucharistic 'took' (14:22); leans on εὐλόγησεν
ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸνparticipial — second preposed participle — the posture of prayer
εὐλόγησενindependent — the berakah over bread — 'blessed' as at the Supper
καὶ κατέκλασεν τοὺς ἄρτουςindependent — the eucharistic pattern continues — took, blessed, broke, gave
καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦindependent — iterative imperfect ἐδίδου — the ceaseless multiplying handout
ἵνα παρατιθῶσιν αὐτοῖς,purpose — the disciples made waiters of the messianic banquet
καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἐμέρισεν πᾶσιν.independent — fronted object — the fish too stretched over all
42
καὶ ἔφαγον πάντεςindependent — the meal itself — one verb
καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν,independent — χορτάζω — fed to the full; the messianic abundance
43
καὶ ἦραν κλάσματα δώδεκα κοφίνων πληρώματα καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἰχθύων.independent — twelve κόφινοι — one per apostle; the surplus exceeds the original supply
44
καὶ ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες τοὺς ἄρτους πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες.independent — the tally caps the sign — ἄνδρες, males only counted (ὡσεί/ὡς and ἄνδρες vary in the witnesses)
The walking on the sea 6:45–52
vv. 45–47 — the compelled crossing and the mountain prayer
45
Καὶ εὐθὺς ἠνάγκασεν τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ ἐμβῆναι εἰς τὸ πλοῖον καὶ προάγειν εἰς τὸ πέραν πρὸς Βηθσαϊδάν,independent — the strong ἠνάγκασεν — urgency after the feeding (cf. John 6:15, the crowd's king-making fervor)
ἕως αὐτὸς ἀπολύει τὸν ὄχλον.conditional — temporal ἕως with historic present (typed cnd; no temporal key) — backward-leaning, so anchored
46
καὶ ἀποταξάμενος αὐτοῖςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἀπῆλθεν
ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸ ὄρος προσεύξασθαι.independent — the second of Mark's three solitary prayers (1:35; 14:35) — mountain and prayer, the Moses echo
47
καὶ ὀψίας γενομένηςparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning; leans on ἦν
ἦν τὸ πλοῖον ἐν μέσῳ τῆς θαλάσσης,independent — the separation staged — boat mid-sea
καὶ αὐτὸς μόνος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.independent — verbless — the gap across which he will come
vv. 48–50 — the fourth-watch epiphany: the passing-by, the ghost-cry, the I AM
48
καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτοὺς βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν,participial — preposed participle — βασανιζομένους, harried at the oars; leans on ἔρχεται
ἦν γὰρ ὁ ἄνεμος ἐναντίος αὐτοῖς,cause — narrator's γάρ — the contrary wind
περὶ τετάρτην φυλακὴν τῆς νυκτὸς ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτοὺςindependent — historic present — 3 to 6 a.m., Roman reckoning; the theophany-hour
περιπατῶν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης·participial — God's own gait — treading the waves (Job 9:8; Ps 77:19)
καὶ ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς.independent — the famous crux — παρελθεῖν read as the theophanic 'passing by' (Exod 33:22; 1 Kgs 19:11), glory paraded before witnesses, not an intent to skip them; the imperfect keeps its strangeness
49
οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης περιπατοῦνταparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἔδοξαν
ἔδοξανindependent — the misperception
ὅτι φάντασμά ἐστιν,content — φάντασμα — an apparition where the epiphany stands
καὶ ἀνέκραξαν·independent — the shriek — the demoniacs' verb (1:23) now the disciples'
50
πάντες γὰρ αὐτὸν εἶδονcause — the γάρ-ground — no one is spared the sight
καὶ ἐταράχθησαν.cause — ταράσσω — shaken through
ὁ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐλάλησεν μετ' αὐτῶν,independent — εὐθύς — the reassurance as instant as the terror
καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς·independent — historic present — the salvation-oracle frame
Θαρσεῖτε,content — the courage-word of the salvation oracle
ἐγώ εἰμι·content — ἐγώ εἰμι — 'it is I,' with the ring of the divine Name (Exod 3:14; Isa 43:10)
μὴ φοβεῖσθε.content — the 'fear not' that seals the theophany
vv. 51–52 — the calm, the astonishment, the hardened-heart verdict
51
καὶ ἀνέβη πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ πλοῖον,independent — the passing-by ends in boarding — presence, not bypass
καὶ ἐκόπασεν ὁ ἄνεμος.independent — κοπάζω — the wind drops at his presence, as at 4:39, this time without a word
καὶ λίαν ἐκ περισσοῦ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἐξίσταντο,independent — piled intensifiers λίαν ἐκ περισσοῦ — amazement that is not yet faith (some witnesses add καὶ ἐθαύμαζον)
52
οὐ γὰρ συνῆκαν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις,cause — the editorial verdict — the sea-failure rooted in the bread-failure
ἀλλ' ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη.cause — periphrastic perfect — a settled πώρωσις; the charge returns as a question at 8:17
Gennesaret — the fringe of his garment 6:53–56
vv. 53–55 — the mooring, the recognition runs
53
Καὶ διαπεράσαντες ἐπὶ τὴν γῆνparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἦλθον
ἦλθον εἰς Γεννησαρὲτindependent — not Bethsaida (v. 45) — the wind has had its say; the fertile west-shore plain
καὶ προσωρμίσθησαν.independent — προσορμίζω — a sailor's word, only here in the NT
54
καὶ ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίουparticipial — genitive absolute — forward-leaning on περιέδραμον (v. 55)
εὐθὺς ἐπιγνόντες αὐτὸνparticipial — second preposed participle — the subject shifts to the people; instant recognition
55
περιέδραμον ὅλην τὴν χώραν ἐκείνηνindependent — the recognition run — the frenetic verbs begin
καὶ ἤρξαντο ἐπὶ τοῖς κραβάττοις τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας περιφέρεινindependent — κράβαττος — the poor man's pallet (2:4 again)
ὅπου ἤκουονrelative — the moving target — the sick chase the report
ὅτι ἐστίν.content — retained present in indirect discourse
v. 56 — the iterative summary: the marketplaces and the fringe
56
καὶ ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας ἢ εἰς πόλεις ἢ εἰς ἀγρούς,conditional — iterative ὅπου ἄν + imperfect (typed cnd; no temporal key) — leans forward on ἐτίθεσαν
ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς ἐτίθεσαν τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας,independent — iterative imperfect — the standing scene of the summary
καὶ παρεκάλουν αὐτὸνindependent — iterative imperfect — the continual entreaty
ἵνα κἂν τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ ἅψωνται·content — κράσπεδον — the ritual tassel (Num 15:38–39); the hemorrhaging woman's faith (5:28) gone public
καὶ ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσῴζοντο.independent — iterative ἄν + aorist, then imperfect ἐσῴζοντο — σῴζω, 'healed' with the overtone of 'saved'; the chapter closes on the open channel of the touch
Analysis. Mark 6 is Mark's longest chapter, and the layout shows one narrative machine running scene after scene: the flush-left column of coordinate purple main clauses, the historic presents flagged as they land (ἔρχεται and ἀκολουθοῦσιν bringing Jesus home to Nazareth, προσκαλεῖται summoning the Twelve, συνάγονται and λέγει at the return, ἔρχεται walking on the sea), and against that column the two indenting habits — preposed circumstantial participles and genitive absolutes leaning forward, anchor-less, on the verb below them (γενομένου σαββάτου, Καὶ γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου, ὀψίας γενομένης, καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτοὺς βασανιζομένους), and speech hanging blue (cnt) beneath its verb of saying: the synagogue's incredulous questions under λέγοντες, the mission charge chaining under παρήγγειλεν and ἔλεγεν (staff only, one house per town, the dust shaken off), the banquet dialogue in quick alternating frames (Αἴτησόν με ὃ ἐὰν θέλῃς — Τί αἰτήσωμαι; — Τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου), the feeding dialogue (Δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν against the two-hundred-denarii protest), and the sea-oracle Θαρσεῖτε, ἐγώ εἰμι· μὴ φοβεῖσθε, one clause per line. The Herod episode is the structural exception the indents make visible: vv. 14–16 survey the popular verdicts on Jesus in cnt lines under ἔλεγον, then γάρ (v. 17) drops the narrative into a flashback whose tense-structure the tags track — aorists for the arrest (ἐκράτησεν, ἔδησεν), imperfects for the standing state behind it (ἐνεῖχεν, ἤθελεν, ἐφοβεῖτο, συνετήρει, ἠπόρει, ἤκουεν), aorists again for the opportune day; the layout keeps the flashback at mainline depth rather than hanging fifteen verses under one γάρ. Cruxes named honestly: at v. 3 the text prints ὁ τέκτων, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς Μαρίας — Jesus himself the carpenter, his mother not his father named — against the well-attested softening ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός (likely assimilation to Matt 13:55); at v. 14 the plural ἔλεγον ('people were saying') is read against ἔλεγεν; at v. 20 the harder πολλὰ ἠπόρει ('was greatly perplexed') stands against the Byzantine πολλὰ ἐποίει; at v. 22 αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος ('his daughter Herodias') is the notorious reading, conventionally rendered 'the daughter of Herodias herself'; and at v. 48 ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς — 'he meant to pass by them' — is glossed as the theophanic passing-by of Exod 33:22 and 1 Kgs 19:11 rather than an intention to walk on past, though the line leaves the imperfect its strangeness. The chapter's two verdicts frame its middle: ἐθαύμαζεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν (v. 6) over Nazareth, and οὐ γὰρ συνῆκαν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις … ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη (v. 52) over the Twelve — outsiders and insiders alike failing the recognition that the shepherdless crowd of v. 34 and the fringe-touching sick of v. 56 grope toward.