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The Gospel according to Matthew, Chapter 2ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΘΘΑΙΟΝ Β′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου τοῦ βασιλέως, ἰδοὺ μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα

Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem,

Narrative onsetδὲA genitive-absolute sets the scene (birth at Bethlehem under Herod); ἰδού then springs the action — the unexpected arrival of foreign Magi launches the chapter's drama.
ΤοῦtheGenitivearticle (in genitive absolute)
δὲnowtransitional conjunctionδέ: mild continuative/transitional — moves the narrative from the genealogy and birth of ch. 1 to a new scene.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitivesubject of genitive absoluteἸησοῦς: the name given in 1:21 — 'YHWH saves.'
γεννηθέντοςhaving been bornAor Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · γεννάωparticiple of genitive absolute (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent time)γεννάω: 'beget, bear'; the passive of birth — the same verb that drove the genealogy (1:2–16).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΒηθλέεμBethlehemDativedat. of place (indeclinable place-name)Βηθλέεμ: 'house of bread'; David's town (1 Sam 16), site of the messianic birth-oracle (Mic 5:2).
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitivepartitive/local genitive (Bethlehem of Judea)Ἰουδαία: Judea, distinguishing this Bethlehem from the one in Zebulun (Josh 19:15).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedat. of time (when)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the idiom 'in the days of' fixes the reign as the historical frame.
Ἡρῴδουof HerodGenitivegenitive of time-reference (whose days)Ἡρῴδης: Herod the Great (37–4 BC), the Idumean client-king — the chapter's antagonist.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
βασιλέωςkingGenitiveapposition to Ἡρῴδουβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title is pointed — Herod the king versus the newborn 'king of the Jews' (v.2).
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative interjectionἰδού: 'look!'; a Septuagintal attention-marker introducing a striking new development.
μάγοιMagiNominativesubjectμάγος: orig. a Persian priestly/astrological class; here Gentile sages reading the heavens — the first to worship the King.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitiveobject of ἀπό (place of origin)ἀνατολή: 'rising' (of the sun), hence 'east'; plural ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν = the eastern lands (Babylon/Persia/Arabia).
παρεγένοντοarrivedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · παραγίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπαραγίνομαι: 'come, arrive, be present'; their arrival sets the plot in motion.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination; indeclinable)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem — they seek the King in the capital, not in obscure Bethlehem.
2

λέγοντες· Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ τεχθεὶς βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ.

saying, "Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we saw his star at its rising and have come to worship him."

Direct speechasyndetonThe Magi's question states the chapter's theme — the birth of a King — and their purpose (worship), grounded (γάρ) in the star they observed.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introduces speech)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'; the participle of speaking that conventionally opens direct discourse.
Ποῦwhereinterrogative adverb (place)ποῦ: 'where?'; the Magi assume the birth and ask only the place.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
τεχθεὶςwho has been bornAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · τίκτωattributive participle (modifies βασιλεύς)→ constative aoristτίκτω: 'bring forth, bear'; the passive ptc. 'the one born' — King by birth, not accession.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativepredicate nominative (of ἐστιν)βασιλεύς: 'king'; 'king of the Jews' is the very charge later affixed to the cross (27:37).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίωνJewsGenitivegenitive (subordination/rule over)Ἰουδαῖος: 'Jew, Judean'; on Gentile lips the title is outsiders' idiom for Israel's king.
εἴδομενwe sawAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (γάρ clause)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the suppletive aorist εἶδον — the empirical ground of their journey.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the search)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (fronted for emphasis)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀστέραstarAccusativedirect object of εἴδομενἀστήρ: 'star'; perhaps echoing the star of Balaam's oracle (Num 24:17), a royal sign.
ἐνatpreposition + dative (sphere/time)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἀνατολῇrisingDativedat. of time/sphere ('at its rising')ἀνατολή: here the technical sense 'heliacal rising' of a star (so 'at its rising'), not 'in the east.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤλθομενwe have comeAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (coordinate)→ constative aorist (resultative force)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; the journey completed — they have arrived to worship.
προσκυνῆσαιto worshipAor Act Inf · προσκυνέωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristπροσκυνέω: 'prostrate oneself, do homage/worship'; the verb threads the chapter (vv.2, 8, 11) — the Magi's true aim, Herod's false pretext.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement of προσκυνῆσαι
3

ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης ἐταράχθη καὶ πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα μετ’ αὐτοῦ,

When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him,

Narrative continuationδὲHerod's reaction — alarm — and, ominously, the whole city's; the would-be King is perceived as a threat to throne and capital alike.
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωadverbial participle (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the report reaches Herod, triggering the reaction.
δὲbut/nowtransitional conjunction
theNominativearticle
βασιλεὺςkingNominativeapposition to Ἡρῴδηςβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title is repeated to sharpen the rivalry with the newborn βασιλεύς.
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubjectἩρῴδης: Herod the Great — the name declines (1st-decl. masc.).
ἐταράχθηwas troubledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ταράσσωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (became agitated)ταράσσω: 'stir up, disturb, agitate'; passive of inner turmoil — Herod's paranoia is well attested.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all'; the city's alarm foreshadows its later rejection of the King (cf. 21:10).
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemNominativesubject (coordinate; here construed fem. sg.)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem; though neuter pl. in form, here taken as a feminine collective ('all the city').
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετά
4

καὶ συναγαγὼν πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐπυνθάνετο παρ’ αὐτῶν ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται.

and gathering all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Messiah was to be born.

Narrative continuationκαὶHerod convenes the religious authorities and presses them on the birthplace of the Christ — the question shifts from the Magi's 'where is the king' to the scriptural 'where is the Messiah born.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συναγαγὼνhaving gatheredAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · συνάγωadverbial participle (temporal/means)→ constative aorist (antecedent)συνάγω: 'gather together, convene'; Herod assembles an ad hoc council.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀρχιερεῖςchief priestsAccusativedirect object of συναγαγώνἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest'; the high-priestly families and temple leadership.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γραμματεῖςscribesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)γραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the experts in the Law — the natural authorities on a birthplace prophecy.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive (of the whole group governed)λαός: 'people'; in Matthew often Israel as covenant people — here whose leaders these are.
ἐπυνθάνετοhe inquiredImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · πυνθάνομαιmain verb→ imperfect (durative/repeated questioning)πυνθάνομαι: 'inquire, ascertain'; the imperfect pictures the sustained interrogation.
παρ’frompreposition + genitive (source of information)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of παρά
ποῦwhereinterrogative adverb (indirect question)
theNominativearticle
ΧριστὸςMessiahNominativesubject of γεννᾶταιΧριστός: 'Anointed One,' Messiah; Herod equates the Magi's 'king' with the prophesied Christ.
γεννᾶταιis to be bornPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (indirect question)→ gnomic/futuristic present (scriptural certainty)γεννάω: 'be born'; the present voices the prophecy's standing truth — where Scripture says he is born.
5

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ· Ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας· οὕτως γὰρ γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου·

They said to him, "In Bethlehem of Judea, for so it is written through the prophet:

Direct speechδὲThe scholars answer at once and cite Scripture (γέγραπται) as warrant — the perfect tense underscoring the abiding written authority that will be quoted in v.6.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun, οἱ δέ)ὁ … δέ: the article + δέ idiom 'and they / but they' marking change of speaker.
δὲandconjunction (with οἱ, change of subject)
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say' (aor. εἶπαν, the Koine -α form for -ον).
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΒηθλέεμBethlehemDativedat. of place (indeclinable place-name)Βηθλέεμ: Bethlehem; the answer is immediate and unanimous.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitivelocal/partitive genitiveἸουδαία: Judea.
οὕτωςthusadverb of mannerοὕτως: 'so, thus'; pointing forward to the citation.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the answer)
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (citation formula)→ consummative/stative perfect (standing record)γράφω: 'write'; γέγραπται is the standing citation-formula — 'it stands written,' Scripture as abiding authority.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitivegenitive of intermediate agencyπροφήτης: 'prophet'; Micah, named by his book (the διά-of-agency is Matthew's formula-quotation signature).
6

Καὶ σύ, Βηθλέεμ γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα· ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ.

'And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.'"

Scripture citation (Micah 5:1[2])asyndetonThe adapted citation of Micah 5:2 (with 2 Sam 5:2 'shepherd my people'): Matthew makes the negative explicit — Bethlehem is 'by no means least' — and reads ἡγεμόσιν ('rulers') for the Hebrew 'thousands/clans,' framing a Davidic shepherd-ruler.
Καὶandconjunction (citation continues address)
σύyouNominativesubject (emphatic, in apposition to vocative)
ΒηθλέεμBethlehemVocativevocative of direct address (indeclinable)Βηθλέεμ: directly addressed — the town personified and exalted.
γῆlandVocativevocative in apposition to Βηθλέεμγῆ: 'land, earth'; 'land of Judah' — Matthew's wording, locating Bethlehem in Judah.
Ἰούδαof JudahGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper name)Ἰούδα: Judah; the royal tribe of David (Gen 49:10).
οὐδαμῶςby no meansadverb of negation (emphatic)οὐδαμῶς: 'in no way'; Matthew's emphatic negative reverses Micah's diminutive 'small/least.'
ἐλαχίστηleastNominativepredicate nominative (superlative adj.)ἐλάχιστος: superlative of μικρός, 'smallest, least'; with οὐδαμῶς, 'by no means least.'
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (membership)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἡγεμόσινrulersDativedat. of sphere (object of ἐν)ἡγεμών: 'leader, ruler, governor'; Matthew reads 'rulers' (LXX/Heb. 'thousands/clans'), suiting the ruler-theme.
Ἰούδαof JudahGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ἰούδα: Judah.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
σοῦyouGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the honor)
ἐξελεύσεταιshall comeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureἐξέρχομαι: 'come/go out'; the ruler's origin from Bethlehem is the reason for its greatness.
ἡγούμενοςa rulerPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ present (titular)ἡγέομαι: 'lead, govern'; the participle 'one leading' = a ruler/governor — the messianic leader.
ὅστιςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of rel. clause)ὅστις: 'who(ever)'; here qualitative-definite, 'the very one who.'
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιμαίνωmain verb (rel. clause)→ predictive futureποιμαίνω: 'shepherd, tend'; from 2 Sam 5:2 — the Davidic shepherd-king motif grafted onto Micah.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λαόνpeopleAccusativedirect object of ποιμανεῖλαός: 'people'; God's covenant people, here named Israel.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship (God speaking)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition)
ἸσραήλIsraelAccusativeaccusative in apposition to λαόν (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel; identifying 'my people' as the covenant nation.
7

Τότε Ἡρῴδης λάθρᾳ καλέσας τοὺς μάγους ἠκρίβωσεν παρ’ αὐτῶν τὸν χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος,

Then Herod, secretly summoning the Magi, ascertained from them the exact time the star had appeared,

TemporalΤότεHerod's covert maneuver: 'then' marks the next stage; secrecy and precise timekeeping already betray his murderous calculation (cf. v.16).
Τότεthentemporal adverb (narrative sequence)τότε: 'then, at that time'; a favorite Matthean connector advancing the narrative.
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubject
λάθρᾳsecretlyadverb of mannerλάθρᾳ: 'secretly, privately'; the stealth signals his sinister intent.
καλέσαςhaving summonedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · καλέωadverbial participle (temporal/means)→ constative aorist (antecedent)καλέω: 'call, summon'; Herod brings the Magi in privately.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μάγουςMagiAccusativedirect object of καλέσαςμάγος: the Magi (see v.1).
ἠκρίβωσενascertained exactlyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκριβόωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκριβόω: 'ascertain precisely, determine exactly'; Herod wants the exact time, with murderous purpose.
παρ’frompreposition + genitive (source)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of παρά
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χρόνονtimeAccusativedirect object of ἠκρίβωσενχρόνος: 'time, period'; the duration since the star's rising — basis for the two-year limit of v.16.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
φαινομένουappearingPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · φαίνωattributive participle (modifies ἀστέρος)→ present (the star's appearing)φαίνω: 'shine, appear'; 'the time of the appearing star' — when it became visible.
ἀστέροςstarGenitivegenitive (modified by χρόνον … τοῦ)ἀστήρ: 'star' (see v.2).
8

καὶ πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλέεμ εἶπεν· Πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε ἀκριβῶς περὶ τοῦ παιδίου· ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι, ὅπως κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ.

and sending them to Bethlehem he said, "Go and search carefully for the child, and when you have found him, report to me, that I too may come and worship him."

Direct speechκαὶHerod's deceptive commission: imperatives of searching and reporting cloaked in a feigned purpose-clause ('that I too may worship') — dramatic irony, since the reader knows his real aim.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πέμψαςsendingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πέμπωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristπέμπω: 'send'; Herod dispatches them as his unwitting scouts.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of πέμψας
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΒηθλέεμBethlehemAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Βηθλέεμ: Bethlehem.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Πορευθέντεςhaving goneAor Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πορεύομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (with imperative force)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go, proceed'; the participle takes on the mood of the following imperative — 'go and...'
ἐξετάσατεsearch outAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐξετάζωimperative→ aorist imperative (specific command)ἐξετάζω: 'search out, inquire carefully'; the verb of diligent investigation.
ἀκριβῶςcarefullyadverb of mannerἀκριβῶς: 'accurately, diligently'; echoes ἠκρίβωσεν (v.7) — Herod's obsession with precision.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
παιδίουchildGenitiveobject of περίπαιδίον: 'young child, infant'; the diminutive that recurs through the chapter (vv.8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 20, 21).
ἐπὰνwhentemporal conjunction (+ subjunctive)ἐπάν: 'whenever, as soon as' (ἐπεί + ἄν); introduces the indefinite temporal clause.
δὲandconjunction (continuative)
εὕρητεyou findAor Act Subj 2 Pl · εὑρίσκωsubjunctive (in ἐπάν clause)→ aorist subjunctive (perfective)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; the condition for the report.
ἀπαγγείλατέreportAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀπαγγέλλωimperative (main command)→ aorist imperativeἀπαγγέλλω: 'report, announce back'; Herod wants the location relayed.
μοιto meDativeindirect object
ὅπωςthatconjunction of purpose (+ subjunctive)ὅπως: 'so that'; introduces Herod's feigned purpose.
κἀγὼI tooNominativesubject (crasis καὶ ἐγώ, emphatic)κἀγώ: crasis of καὶ ἐγώ, 'I also'; the 'too' is bitterly ironic against the Magi's true worship.
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'.
προσκυνήσωmay worshipAor Act Subj 1 Sg · προσκυνέωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ aorist subjunctiveπροσκυνέω: 'do homage, worship'; Herod's lie — his 'worship' would be murder.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement of προσκυνήσω
9

οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπορεύθησαν, καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ ἀστὴρ ὃν εἶδον ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ προῆγεν αὐτοὺς ἕως ἐλθὼν ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον.

After listening to the king, they went on their way, and behold, the star that they had seen at its rising went before them until it came and stood over the place where the child was.

Narrative continuationδὲThe Magi depart and the star reappears (ἰδού), now actively guiding them; its halting 'over the place' marks the goal reached — divine guidance overriding Herod's scheme.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (οἱ δέ)
δὲandconjunction (change of subject)
ἀκούσαντεςhaving listened toAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωadverbial participle (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἀκούω: 'hear, heed'; here with genitive object 'listen to' the king.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούσαντεςβασιλεύς: 'king'; Herod.
ἐπορεύθησανwentAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go, journey'; they set out for Bethlehem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative interjectionἰδού: 'look!'; spotlighting the star's renewed appearance.
theNominativearticle
ἀστὴρstarNominativesubjectἀστήρ: 'star' (see v.2).
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδον)
εἶδονthey had seenAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see' (aor. εἶδον); recalls their first sighting in v.2.
ἐνatpreposition + dative (time/sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἀνατολῇrisingDativedat. of time/sphereἀνατολή: 'rising' of the star (cf. v.2).
προῆγενwent beforeImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · προάγωmain verb→ imperfect (progressive: kept leading)προάγω: 'go before, lead on'; the imperfect pictures the star steadily leading them.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of προῆγεν
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunctionἕως: 'until'; marks the terminus of the star's guidance.
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the star 'came and stood.'
ἐστάθηstoodAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (in ἕως clause)→ ingressive aorist (came to a stop)ἵστημι: 'stand, stop'; the passive intransitive 'it stood/halted' — the star's purposeful halt.
ἐπάνωoverimproper preposition + genitive (place)ἐπάνω: 'above, over'; pinpoints the location.
οὗwhererelative adverb of placeοὗ: 'where' (gen. of ὅς used adverbially).
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (rel. clause)→ imperfect (descriptive)
τὸtheNominativearticle
παιδίονchildNominativesubject of ἦνπαιδίον: 'young child' (see v.8).
10

ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα.

When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy.

Narrative continuationδὲA burst of joy — the piled-up cognate accusative and adverb (χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα) intensify the Magi's exultation at the star's confirming halt.
ἰδόντεςhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωadverbial participle (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ὁράω: 'see' (aor. ptc. ἰδών); the sight of the halted star prompts joy.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀστέραstarAccusativedirect object of ἰδόντεςἀστήρ: 'star.'
ἐχάρησανthey rejoicedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · χαίρωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (broke into joy)χαίρω: 'rejoice'; the (deponent) passive aorist of joy.
χαρὰνjoyAccusativecognate accusative (of inner content)χαρά: 'joy'; the cognate accusative 'rejoiced a joy' — a Semitic intensifying idiom.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifies χαράν)μέγας: 'great'; magnifies the joy.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degreeσφόδρα: 'very much, exceedingly'; the triple intensification (joy + great + exceedingly) is emphatic.
11

καὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἶδον τὸ παιδίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πεσόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶρα, χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν.

And going into the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother, and falling down they worshiped him; and opening their treasures they offered him gifts: gold and frankincense and myrrh.

Narrative continuationκαὶThe climax of the first half: the Gentile Magi find, worship, and lavishly honor the child — three coordinated actions (entering/seeing, falling/worshiping, opening/offering); the gifts may carry symbolic freight (royalty, deity, suffering).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλθόντεςhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial participle (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house'; not the manger of Luke — by now the family dwells in a house.
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see' (aor. εἶδον).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of εἶδονπαιδίον: 'young child.'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ΜαρίαςMaryGenitiveobject of μετάΜαρία: Mary; named (Joseph notably absent from the scene).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
μητρὸςmotherGenitiveapposition to Μαρίαςμήτηρ: 'mother'; 'the child with his mother' is a refrain (vv.11, 13, 14, 20, 21).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πεσόντεςhaving fallen downAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πίπτωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristπίπτω: 'fall'; prostration, the posture of homage before a king or deity.
προσεκύνησανthey worshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσκυνέω: 'do homage, worship'; the Magi's stated purpose (v.2) now fulfilled — the true worship Herod only feigned.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement of προσεκύνησαν
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνοίξαντεςhaving openedAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀνοίγωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἀνοίγω: 'open'; they open their treasure-chests.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
θησαυροὺςtreasuresAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίξαντεςθησαυρός: 'treasure, treasure-chest'; here the containers/stores of their valuables.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
προσήνεγκανthey offeredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσφέρω: 'bring to, offer, present'; often of cultic offering — fitting the homage paid.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
δῶραgiftsAccusativedirect object of προσήνεγκανδῶρον: 'gift'; cf. the tribute of the nations to Zion (Isa 60:6; Ps 72:10–11).
χρυσὸνgoldAccusativeaccusative in apposition to δῶραχρυσός: 'gold'; the gift fit for a king.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λίβανονfrankincenseAccusativeapposition to δῶραλίβανος: 'frankincense'; aromatic resin used in worship — gift fit for God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σμύρνανmyrrhAccusativeapposition to δῶρασμύρνα: 'myrrh'; a costly embalming spice (cf. 27:59 / John 19:39) — often read as foreshadowing his death.
12

καὶ χρηματισθέντες κατ’ ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, δι’ ἄλλης ὁδοῦ ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν.

And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they withdrew to their own country by another way.

Narrative continuationκαὶThe first of the chapter's dream-revelations thwarts Herod: divinely warned, the Magi evade him — closing the first scene and setting up Joseph's parallel dreams.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
χρηματισθέντεςhaving been warnedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · χρηματίζωadverbial participle (causal/temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)χρηματίζω: 'give a divine warning/instruction, reveal by oracle'; the passive of God's revelatory communication.
κατ’inpreposition + accusative (manner/means)
ὄναρa dreamAccusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ὄναρ = 'in a dream')ὄναρ: 'dream' (indeclinable neuter); κατ’ ὄναρ is Matthew's recurring formula for revelatory dreams (1:20; 2:12, 13, 19, 22).
μὴnotnegative particle (with infinitive)μή: negative of the infinitival command.
ἀνακάμψαιto returnAor Act Inf · ἀνακάμπτωinfinitive (content of the warning)→ constative aoristἀνακάμπτω: 'turn back, return'; the negated content of the divine instruction.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
ἩρῴδηνHerodAccusativeobject of πρόςἩρῴδης: Herod (accusative Ἡρῴδην).
δι’bypreposition + genitive (route/means)
ἄλληςanotherGenitiveattributive adjectiveἄλλος: 'other, another'; a different route, avoiding Jerusalem.
ὁδοῦwayGenitiveobject of διά (route)ὁδός: 'way, road, journey.'
ἀνεχώρησανthey withdrewAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναχωρέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναχωρέω: 'withdraw, depart'; a Matthean keyword of evasive retreat in this chapter (vv.12, 13, 14, 22).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
χώρανcountryAccusativeobject of εἰςχώρα: 'land, region, country'; their homeland in the East.
αὐτῶνtheir ownGenitivegenitive of possession
13

Ἀναχωρησάντων δὲ αὐτῶν ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου φαίνεται κατ’ ὄναρ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ λέγων· Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι· μέλλει γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον τοῦ ἀπολέσαι αὐτό.

Now when they had withdrawn, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, "Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there until I tell you; for Herod is about to seek the child, to destroy him."

Direct speechδὲA genitive absolute pivots to the second half; the angel's commands (rise, take, flee, remain) drive Joseph's obedient flight, grounded (γάρ) in Herod's lethal intent.
Ἀναχωρησάντωνhaving withdrawnAor Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἀναχωρέωparticiple of genitive absolute (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἀναχωρέω: 'withdraw' (see v.12); the Magi's departure sets the stage.
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of genitive absolute
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative interjectionἰδού: 'look!'; introduces the angelic appearance.
ἄγγελοςan angelNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; 'an angel of the Lord' echoes 1:20 — the same heavenly guide for Joseph.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of source/possessionκύριος: 'Lord'; the OT 'angel of YHWH' formula.
φαίνεταιappearsPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · φαίνωmain verb (historic present)→ historical present (vivid)φαίνω: 'appear, become visible'; the present makes the apparition vivid.
κατ’inpreposition + accusative (manner)
ὄναρa dreamAccusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ὄναρ)ὄναρ: 'dream' (indeclinable; see v.12).
τῷtoDativearticle
ἸωσὴφJosephDativeindirect object (dat. with φαίνεται; indeclinable)Ἰωσήφ: Joseph; the recipient of the dream-revelations (cf. his namesake the patriarch, also a dreamer in Egypt).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introduces speech)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'; introduces the angel's words.
ἘγερθεὶςrisingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωparticiple of attendant circumstance (imperatival force)→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; passive 'rise up' — the participle carries the command, 'get up and...'
παράλαβεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · παραλαμβάνωimperative→ aorist imperative (specific command)παραλαμβάνω: 'take along, take with'; cf. 1:20, 24 — Joseph takes his charge under protection.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of παράλαβεπαιδίον: 'young child' (notably placed before 'mother' — the child is the focus).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object (coordinate)μήτηρ: 'mother.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φεῦγεfleePres Act Impv 2 Sg · φεύγωimperative→ present imperative (urgent, ongoing flight)φεύγω: 'flee'; the present imperative urges immediate, sustained flight.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptAccusativeobject of εἰς (place-name)Αἴγυπτος: Egypt; classic refuge (Gen 46; 1 Kgs 11:40) and home to a large Jewish community.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἴσθιremainPres Act Impv 2 Sg · εἰμίimperative→ present imperative (continue to be there)εἰμί: 'be'; ἴσθι ἐκεῖ = 'stay there.'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there.'
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (+ ἄν, subjunctive)ἕως: 'until'; with ἄν marking an indefinite future point.
ἂνmodal particle (contingency)ἄν: contingency particle making the time-clause indefinite.
εἴπωI tellAor Act Subj 1 Sg · λέγωsubjunctive (in ἕως ἄν clause)→ aorist subjunctiveλέγω: 'say, tell'; the angel will signal the return (fulfilled v.19).
σοιyouDativeindirect object
μέλλειis aboutPres Act Indic 3 Sg · μέλλωmain verb (γάρ clause)→ present (imminent intention)μέλλω: 'be about to, intend'; with infinitive expresses Herod's impending action.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the flight)
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubject of μέλλειἩρῴδης: Herod.
ζητεῖνto seekPres Act Inf · ζητέωcomplementary infinitive (of μέλλει)→ present infinitiveζητέω: 'seek, search for'; here with hostile intent.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of ζητεῖνπαιδίον: 'young child.'
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)
ἀπολέσαιdestroyAor Act Inf · ἀπόλλυμιarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ + inf.)→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, kill, ruin'; Herod's murderous purpose — foreshadowing the leaders' later plot (cf. 27:20).
αὐτόhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπολέσαι
14

ὁ δὲ ἐγερθεὶς παρέλαβεν τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς καὶ ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον,

And he rose and took the child and his mother by night and withdrew to Egypt,

Narrative continuationδὲJoseph's prompt, exact obedience: the angel's verbs (rise, take, withdraw) are repeated in the narrative — 'by night' underscoring the urgency.
heNominativesubject (ὁ δέ)
δὲandconjunction (change of subject)
ἐγερθεὶςhaving risenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'rise'; echoes the angel's Ἐγερθείς (v.13) — obedience mirrors command.
παρέλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραλαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristπαραλαμβάνω: 'take along'; the same verb the angel used (v.13).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of παρέλαβενπαιδίον: 'young child.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object (coordinate)μήτηρ: 'mother.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
νυκτὸςby nightGenitivegenitive of time (within which)νύξ: 'night'; genitive of time — under cover of darkness, stressing the urgency of the flight.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνεχώρησενwithdrewAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναχωρέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναχωρέω: 'withdraw, depart' (see v.12).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptAccusativeobject of εἰς (place-name)Αἴγυπτος: Egypt.
15

καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς Ἡρῴδου· ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· Ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου.

and remained there until the death of Herod, that what the Lord had spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled: "Out of Egypt I called my son."

Fulfillment formulaκαὶThe first formula-quotation of ch. 2 (Hosea 11:1): the sojourn in Egypt fulfills 'Out of Egypt I called my son' — Jesus recapitulating Israel's exodus story as God's true Son.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνhe was/remainedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ imperfect (durative: stayed)εἰμί: 'be'; ἦν ἐκεῖ = 'he stayed there.'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there'; in Egypt, as commanded (v.13).
ἕωςuntilimproper preposition + genitive (time)ἕως: 'until' (here governing the genitive).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
τελευτῆςdeathGenitiveobject of ἕως (temporal limit)τελευτή: 'end, death'; Herod the Great died in 4 BC.
Ἡρῴδουof HerodGenitivegenitive of relationship (whose death)Ἡρῴδης: Herod.
ἵναthatconjunction of purpose/result (fulfillment formula)ἵνα: 'in order that'; introduces Matthew's fulfillment clause — purpose in the divine plan.
πληρωθῇmight be fulfilledAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · πληρόωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ constative aorist (divine passive)πληρόω: 'fill, fulfill, complete'; the keyword of Matthew's formula-quotations — Scripture reaching its intended realization.
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ῥηθὲνwhat was spokenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · λέγωsubstantival participle (subject of πληρωθῇ)→ constative aorist (divine passive)λέγω/ἐρῶ: 'speak' (aor. pass. ῥηθέν, 'that which was spoken'); the standing word of God now fulfilled.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (ultimate agent)
κυρίουthe LordGenitivegenitive of agency (ultimate speaker)κύριος: 'Lord'; God himself is the speaker — the prophet only the channel (διά).
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitivegenitive of intermediate agencyπροφήτης: 'prophet'; Hosea (Hos 11:1).
λέγοντοςsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λέγωattributive participle (modifies προφήτου)→ present (introduces citation)λέγω: 'say'; the participle introducing the prophetic words.
Ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source) [citation]
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitiveobject of ἐξ (source; citation)Αἴγυπτος: Egypt; Matthew renders the Hebrew directly ('my son'), against LXX 'his children.'
ἐκάλεσαI calledAor Act Indic 1 Sg · καλέωmain verb (citation; God speaking)→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call, summon'; God's summons of his son out of Egypt — Israel typologically, Jesus antitypically.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect object of ἐκάλεσαυἱός: 'son'; Hosea's 'son' is Israel, fulfilled in God's true Son (cf. 3:17).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
16

Τότε Ἡρῴδης ἰδὼν ὅτι ἐνεπαίχθη ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων ἐθυμώθη λίαν, καὶ ἀποστείλας ἀνεῖλεν πάντας τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς ἐν Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῆς ἀπὸ διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω, κατὰ τὸν χρόνον ὃν ἠκρίβωσεν παρὰ τῶν μάγων.

Then Herod, when he saw that he had been tricked by the Magi, became furious, and he sent and killed all the male children in Bethlehem and in all its region, from two years old and under, according to the time that he had ascertained from the Magi.

TemporalΤότεHerod's rage erupts into atrocity: 'then' marks the consequence of the Magi's evasion; the massacre, calibrated by his earlier reckoning (v.7), is the chapter's darkest deed.
Τότεthentemporal adverb (sequence/consequence)τότε: 'then'; advancing to Herod's violent response.
ἩρῴδηςHerodNominativesubjectἩρῴδης: Herod.
ἰδὼνhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial participle (temporal/causal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ὁράω: 'see, perceive'; Herod realizes he has been outwitted.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)ὅτι: 'that'; introduces what he perceived.
ἐνεπαίχθηhe had been trickedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπαίζωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ constative aoristἐμπαίζω: 'mock, deceive, make a fool of'; the same verb of Jesus' later mockery (27:29, 31).
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agent)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μάγωνMagiGenitivegenitive of agencyμάγος: the Magi.
ἐθυμώθηbecame furiousAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θυμόωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (flew into rage)θυμόω: 'make angry'; passive 'become enraged' — the towering wrath of a thwarted tyrant.
λίανexceedinglyadverb of degreeλίαν: 'very, exceedingly'; the intensity of his fury.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποστείλαςhaving sentAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποστέλλωadverbial participle (means/attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send (with a commission)'; Herod dispatches his soldiers.
ἀνεῖλενkilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναιρέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναιρέω: 'take away, do away with, kill'; the verb of execution/murder (cf. Acts).
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
παῖδαςmale childrenAccusativedirect object of ἀνεῖλενπαῖς: 'boy, child, servant'; here the boys of Bethlehem — the 'Holy Innocents.'
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (attributive, with prep. phrase)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΒηθλέεμBethlehemDativedat. of place (indeclinable)Βηθλέεμ: Bethlehem.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
πᾶσιallDativeattributive adjective
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ὁρίοιςregionDativedat. of placeὅριον: 'boundary'; plural 'territory, district' — Bethlehem and its environs.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (of Bethlehem)
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower limit of age)
διετοῦςtwo years oldGenitiveobject of ἀπό (substantival adj.)διετής: 'two years old' (δίς + ἔτος); the upper age, derived from the star's timing.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατωτέρωundercomparative adverb (lower)κατωτέρω: 'lower, younger'; 'two years and under' — a grim margin of safety.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χρόνονtimeAccusativeobject of κατά (standard)χρόνος: 'time'; the basis of the age-limit (cf. v.7).
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἠκρίβωσεν)
ἠκρίβωσενhe had ascertainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκριβόωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristἀκριβόω: 'ascertain exactly' (see v.7) — his precise inquiry now turned to slaughter.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μάγωνMagiGenitiveobject of παρά (source)μάγος: the Magi.
17

τότε ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος·

Then was fulfilled what was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet:

Fulfillment formulaτότεThe fourth fulfillment-formula — notably with τότε ('then') and not ἵνα, as if Matthew avoids making the slaughter a divine purpose; the prophecy (Jer 31:15) interprets the grief, not commands the deed.
τότεthentemporal adverb (introduces formula)τότε: 'then'; the formula here is consequential ('then was fulfilled'), not telic — softening any sense that the atrocity was God's intent.
ἐπληρώθηwas fulfilledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πληρόωmain verb→ constative aorist (divine passive)πληρόω: 'fulfill'; here in the indicative (vs. the subjunctive ἵνα-clauses), reporting the fulfillment as fact.
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ῥηθὲνwhat was spokenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · λέγωsubstantival participle (subject)→ constative aorist (divine passive)λέγω/ἐρῶ: 'speak' (aor. pass. ῥηθέν); 'the thing spoken' through the prophet.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
ἸερεμίουJeremiahGenitivegenitive of intermediate agencyἸερεμίας: Jeremiah; here named explicitly (Jer 31:15 [LXX 38:15]).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitiveapposition to Ἰερεμίουπροφήτης: 'prophet.'
λέγοντοςsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λέγωattributive participle (modifies προφήτου)→ present (introduces citation)λέγω: 'say'; introduces the quotation.
18

Φωνὴ ἐν Ῥαμὰ ἠκούσθη, κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολύς· Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν.

"A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children; and she refused to be comforted, because they are no more."

Scripture citation (Jeremiah 31:15)asyndetonJeremiah's lament over the exile — Rachel, ancestress buried near Bethlehem, weeping for her lost children — is reread as the mothers' grief; yet in Jeremiah hope follows (31:16–17), hinting at consolation beyond the sorrow.
Φωνὴa voiceNominativesubject of ἠκούσθηφωνή: 'sound, voice, cry'; the cry of mourning.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ῬαμὰRamahDativedat. of place (indeclinable place-name)Ῥαμά: Ramah, a town N of Jerusalem associated with the exile's departure (Jer 40:1) and near Rachel's tomb tradition.
ἠκούσθηwas heardAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; passive 'was heard.'
κλαυθμὸςweepingNominativenominative in apposition to Φωνήκλαυθμός: 'weeping, wailing'; the cry specified.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὀδυρμὸςmourningNominativeapposition (coordinate)ὀδυρμός: 'lamentation, wailing'; intense grief.
πολύςgreatNominativeattributive adjective (modifies ὀδυρμός)πολύς: 'much, great'; the magnitude of the lament.
ῬαχὴλRachelNominativesubject (in apposition / fresh clause; indeclinable)Ῥαχήλ: Rachel, Jacob's wife and matriarch (Gen 35:19); personifying the bereaved mothers of Israel.
κλαίουσαweepingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · κλαίωpredicate participle (describes Rachel)→ present (ongoing weeping)κλαίω: 'weep, wail'; the durative present pictures inconsolable grief.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
τέκναchildrenAccusativeaccusative of object/reference (weeping for)τέκνον: 'child'; the object of her mourning.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἤθελενshe refusedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ imperfect (persistent refusal)θέλω: 'wish, will'; οὐκ ἤθελεν = 'she would not, refused'; the imperfect of obstinate grief.
παρακληθῆναιto be comfortedAor Pass Inf · παρακαλέωcomplementary infinitive (of ἤθελεν)→ constative aoristπαρακαλέω: 'comfort, console, exhort'; the consolation she rejects.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because'; gives the ground of her grief.
οὐκnotnegative particle
εἰσίνthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (causal clause)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; οὐκ εἰσίν = 'they are no more,' i.e. they are dead/gone.
19

Τελευτήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Ἡρῴδου ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου φαίνεται κατ’ ὄναρ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ

But when Herod had died, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt,

Narrative continuationδὲHerod's death (genitive absolute) opens the final scene; the angel reappears to Joseph — the dream-pattern of vv.13ff. recurs to bring the family home.
Τελευτήσαντοςhaving diedAor Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · τελευτάωparticiple of genitive absolute (temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)τελευτάω: 'come to an end, die'; Herod's death (cf. τελευτή v.15) lifts the threat.
δὲbuttransitional conjunction
τοῦGenitivearticle (with proper name in gen. abs.)
ἩρῴδουHerodGenitivesubject of genitive absoluteἩρῴδης: Herod the Great.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative interjectionἰδού: 'look!'
ἄγγελοςan angelNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'angel'; the same heavenly messenger as v.13.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of source/possessionκύριος: 'Lord.'
φαίνεταιappearsPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · φαίνωmain verb (historic present)→ historical present (vivid)φαίνω: 'appear' (cf. v.13).
κατ’inpreposition + accusative (manner)
ὄναρa dreamAccusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ὄναρ)ὄναρ: 'dream' (indeclinable).
τῷtoDativearticle
ἸωσὴφJosephDativeindirect object (dat. with φαίνεται; indeclinable)Ἰωσήφ: Joseph.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptDativedat. of place (place-name)Αἴγυπτος: Egypt.
20

λέγων· Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ πορεύου εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ· τεθνήκασιν γὰρ οἱ ζητοῦντες τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου.

saying, "Rise, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who sought the child's life are dead."

Direct speechasyndetonThe return-command mirrors the flight-command (v.13) in reverse; the plural 'those who sought' (echoing Exod 4:19, 'all who sought your life are dead') casts Jesus as a new Moses delivered to return.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introduces speech)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say.'
ἘγερθεὶςrisingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωparticiple of attendant circumstance (imperatival force)→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'rise'; the command echoes v.13.
παράλαβεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · παραλαμβάνωimperative→ aorist imperativeπαραλαμβάνω: 'take along' (see v.13).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of παράλαβεπαιδίον: 'young child.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object (coordinate)μήτηρ: 'mother.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιimperative→ present imperative (set out)πορεύομαι: 'go, journey'; the return command.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
γῆνlandAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ: 'land'; 'the land of Israel' — the promised land, into which the new Moses returns.
Ἰσραήλof IsraelGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel.
τεθνήκασινare deadPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · θνῄσκωmain verb (γάρ clause)→ consummative perfect (dead and remain so)θνῄσκω: 'die'; the perfect 'they have died/are dead' — the threat permanently removed.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the return)
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ζητοῦντεςwho soughtPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ζητέωsubstantival participle (subject of τεθνήκασιν)→ present (the seekers)ζητέω: 'seek'; the plural 'those seeking' verbally echoes Exod 4:19 LXX (Moses typology).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὴνlifeAccusativedirect object of ζητοῦντεςψυχή: 'life, soul'; 'to seek the life of' = to seek to kill (a Semitic idiom).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
παιδίουchildGenitivegenitive of possession (the child's life)παιδίον: 'young child.'
21

ὁ δὲ ἐγερθεὶς παρέλαβεν τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ.

And he rose and took the child and his mother and went into the land of Israel.

Narrative continuationδὲJoseph's obedience again narrated in the angel's own words (rise, take), completing the return to the land of Israel — the deliverance accomplished.
heNominativesubject (ὁ δέ)
δὲandconjunction (change of subject)
ἐγερθεὶςhaving risenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'rise'; obedience mirrors the command (v.20).
παρέλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραλαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristπαραλαμβάνω: 'take along.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
παιδίονchildAccusativedirect object of παρέλαβενπαιδίον: 'young child.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object (coordinate)μήτηρ: 'mother.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'come/go into, enter'; the return to the land accomplished.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
γῆνlandAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ: 'land.'
Ἰσραήλof IsraelGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel.
22

ἀκούσας δὲ ὅτι Ἀρχέλαος βασιλεύει τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῴδου ἐφοβήθη ἐκεῖ ἀπελθεῖν· χρηματισθεὶς δὲ κατ’ ὄναρ ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὰ μέρη τῆς Γαλιλαίας,

But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there; and being warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee,

Narrative continuationδὲA complication: Archelaus's accession makes Judea unsafe, so a further dream-warning redirects Joseph to Galilee — the providential route to Nazareth (v.23).
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωadverbial participle (temporal/causal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the news of Archelaus reaches Joseph.
δὲbuttransitional conjunction
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)ὅτι: 'that'; introduces what he heard.
ἈρχέλαοςArchelausNominativesubject of βασιλεύειἈρχέλαος: Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea (4 BC–AD 6), notorious for brutality — hence Joseph's fear.
βασιλεύειwas reigningPres Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (ὅτι clause; retained present)→ present (durative; reigns)βασιλεύω: 'be king, reign'; loosely used (Archelaus ruled as ethnarch, not king).
τῆςoverGenitivearticle (with gen. of rule)
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitivegenitive of subordination (rules over)Ἰουδαία: Judea; Archelaus's territory.
ἀντὶin place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution)ἀντί: 'instead of, in place of'; the successor in his father's stead.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
πατρὸςfatherGenitiveobject of ἀντίπατήρ: 'father'; Herod the Great.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἩρῴδουHerodGenitivegenitive in apposition to πατρόςἩρῴδης: Herod the Great, Archelaus's father.
ἐφοβήθηhe was afraidAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φοβέομαιmain verb→ ingressive aorist (grew afraid)φοβέομαι: 'fear, be afraid'; reasonable dread of Archelaus's cruelty.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there'; to Judea.
ἀπελθεῖνto goAor Act Inf · ἀπέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (of ἐφοβήθη)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'; what he feared to do.
χρηματισθεὶςhaving been warnedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · χρηματίζωadverbial participle (causal/temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)χρηματίζω: 'be divinely warned' (see v.12); the dream-guidance recurs.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
κατ’inpreposition + accusative (manner)
ὄναρa dreamAccusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ὄναρ)ὄναρ: 'dream' (indeclinable).
ἀνεχώρησενwithdrewAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναχωρέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναχωρέω: 'withdraw' (the chapter's keyword; cf. vv.12–14).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
μέρηdistrictAccusativeobject of εἰςμέρος: 'part, region'; plural 'the parts/district of Galilee.'
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivepartitive/local genitiveΓαλιλαία: Galilee, ruled by the milder Herod Antipas — and the locus of Jesus' ministry (cf. 4:12–16).
23

καὶ ἐλθὼν κατῴκησεν εἰς πόλιν λεγομένην Ναζαρέτ, ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ὅτι Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται.

and he went and settled in a town called Nazareth, that what was spoken through the prophets might be fulfilled: "He shall be called a Nazarene."

Fulfillment formulaκαὶThe fifth and final infancy formula closes the chapter. Uniquely it cites 'the prophets' (plural) and no single text; the wordplay on Ναζωραῖος may evoke the נֵצֶר 'branch' of Isa 11:1, the נָזִיר Nazirite, or the despised provenance of 'Nazareth.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
κατῴκησενhe settledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωmain verb→ constative aorist (took up residence)κατοικέω: 'dwell, settle, take up residence'; the permanent settling that makes Jesus 'of Nazareth.'
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (goal, with κατοικέω)
πόλινa townAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town'; Nazareth was an obscure Galilean village (cf. John 1:46).
λεγομένηνcalledPres Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · λέγωattributive participle (modifies πόλιν)→ present (named)λέγω: 'say, call'; passive 'called, named.'
ΝαζαρέτNazarethAccusativeaccusative in apposition to πόλιν (indeclinable)Ναζαρέτ: Nazareth (also spelled Ναζαρὰ/Ναζαρὲθ); the unheralded town that names the Messiah.
ὅπωςthatconjunction of purpose (fulfillment formula)ὅπως: 'so that'; here the telic conjunction of the formula-quotation (a variant for the usual ἵνα).
πληρωθῇmight be fulfilledAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · πληρόωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ constative aorist (divine passive)πληρόω: 'fulfill' (see v.15).
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ῥηθὲνwhat was spokenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · λέγωsubstantival participle (subject of πληρωθῇ)→ constative aorist (divine passive)λέγω/ἐρῶ: 'speak' (aor. pass. ῥηθέν).
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
προφητῶνprophetsGenitivegenitive of intermediate agencyπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the plural 'prophets' (no single text named) suggests a theme drawn from the prophetic books rather than a verbatim quotation.
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative, introduces citation)ὅτι: 'that'; recitative ὅτι introducing the quoted words.
Ναζωραῖοςa NazareneNominativepredicate nominative (of κληθήσεται)Ναζωραῖος: 'Nazarene'; the gentilic of Nazareth, perhaps punning on נֵצֶר ('branch,' Isa 11:1) and/or נָזִיר ('Nazirite').
κληθήσεταιhe shall be calledFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (citation)→ predictive future (divine passive)καλέω: 'call, name'; 'he shall be called a Nazarene' — the chapter ends on the Messiah's identity, sealed by Scripture.