1
Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυὶδ υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ.
The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
Heading / superscriptionasyndetonThe book's title-line, echoing Genesis' βίβλος γενέσεως; it frames Jesus by the two covenant heads, David and Abraham, the spans the genealogy will trace.
ΒίβλοςbookNominativenominative absolute (title)βίβλος: 'book, scroll, record'; here a register/account — heading the genealogy (cf. Gen 2:4; 5:1 LXX).
γενέσεωςof genealogy/originGenitiveattributive/descriptive genitiveγένεσις: 'origin, birth, genealogy'; the same word recurs in v.18 for Jesus' 'birth,' binding the two halves of the chapter.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveobjective genitive (whose record)Ἰησοῦς: the Greek form of Hebrew Yēšûaʿ/Joshua, 'YHWH saves' — its meaning unfolded in v.21.
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition (title)Χριστός: 'Anointed One,' Messiah; here functioning with Ἰησοῦ as a compound name-title.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦυἱός: 'son, descendant'; the messianic title 'Son of David' (cf. 9:27; 21:9) and Abrahamic seed (Gal 3:16).
Δαυὶδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable Hebrew name)Δαυίδ: David, the covenant king (2 Sam 7); the genealogy's royal apex and structural pivot (v.17).
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition (second title)
Ἀβραάμof AbrahamGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀβραάμ: Abraham, father of the nation and recipient of the promise (Gen 12; 22) — the genealogy's starting point.
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Ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ, Ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰακώβ, Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ,
Abraham begot Isaac, and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot Judah and his brothers,
Genealogical linkasyndetonThe first set of fourteen begins (Abraham→David). The patriarchal links; 'and his brothers' folds in the twelve tribes.
ἈβραὰμAbrahamNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀβραάμ: Abraham — the genealogy opens with the promise-bearer.
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸσαάκIsaacAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰσαάκ: Isaac, the son of promise (Gen 21).
ἸσαὰκIsaacNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction (chain-linking δέ)
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸακώβJacobAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰακώβ: Jacob/Israel, father of the twelve patriarchs (Gen 25–35).
ἸακὼβJacobNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸούδανJudahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰούδας: Judah — the royal, messianic tribe (Gen 49:10); here declinable (acc. -αν).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativesecond object of ἐγέννησενἀδελφός: 'brother'; the inclusion of 'his brothers' gathers in all Israel, not Judah alone.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
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Ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Φαρὲς καὶ τὸν Ζάρα ἐκ τῆς Θαμάρ, Φαρὲς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἑσρώμ, Ἑσρὼμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀράμ,
and Judah begot Perez and Zerah by Tamar, and Perez begot Hezron, and Hezron begot Aram,
Genealogical linkδέThe first of the four women: Tamar (Gen 38), introduced by ἐκ — a Gentile/irregular union woven into the messianic line.
ἸούδαςJudahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΦαρὲςPerezAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Φάρες: Perez, son of Judah by Tamar (Gen 38:29).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΖάραZerahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ζάρα: Zerah, Perez's twin (Gen 38:30); named though outside the line, recalling the Tamar narrative.
ἐκby/ofpreposition + genitive (source: the mother)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with feminine name)
ΘαμάρTamarGenitiveobject of ἐκ (the mother; indeclinable)Θαμάρ: Tamar — the first of the four women in the genealogy; her irregular union (Gen 38) is quietly memorialized.
ΦαρὲςPerezNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἙσρώμHezronAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἑσρώμ: Hezron (Gen 46:12; Ruth 4:18).
ἙσρὼμHezronNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈράμAramAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀράμ: Aram/Ram (Ruth 4:19).
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Ἀρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμιναδάβ, Ἀμιναδὰβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναασσών, Ναασσὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλμών,
and Aram begot Amminadab, and Amminadab begot Nahshon, and Nahshon begot Salmon,
Genealogical linkδέThe chain continues through the wilderness-generation names (Num 1:7; 2:3) toward the conquest.
ἈρὰμAramNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈμιναδάβAmminadabAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀμιναδάβ: Amminadab (Num 1:7; Ruth 4:19).
ἈμιναδὰβAmminadabNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΝαασσώνNahshonAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ναασσών: Nahshon, tribal chief of Judah at the exodus (Num 1:7; 2:3).
ΝαασσὼνNahshonNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΣαλμώνSalmonAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Σαλμών: Salmon, husband of Rahab (Ruth 4:20–21).
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Σαλμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βόες ἐκ τῆς Ῥαχάβ, Βόες δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωβὴδ ἐκ τῆς Ῥούθ, Ἰωβὴδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεσσαί,
and Salmon begot Boaz by Rahab, and Boaz begot Obed by Ruth, and Obed begot Jesse,
Genealogical linkδέThe second and third women: Rahab the Canaanite (Josh 2) and Ruth the Moabitess (Ruth 4) — two more Gentiles in the line of David.
ΣαλμὼνSalmonNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΒόεςBoazAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Βόες: Boaz, the kinsman-redeemer of Ruth (Ruth 2–4).
ἐκbypreposition + genitive (source: the mother)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with feminine name)
ῬαχάβRahabGenitiveobject of ἐκ (the mother; indeclinable)Ῥαχάβ: Rahab — the Canaanite of Jericho (Josh 2; 6); the second woman, a Gentile believer (Heb 11:31).
ΒόεςBoazNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωβὴδObedAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωβήδ: Obed, grandfather of David (Ruth 4:17, 21).
ἐκbypreposition + genitive (source: the mother)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with feminine name)
ῬούθRuthGenitiveobject of ἐκ (the mother; indeclinable)Ῥούθ: Ruth — the Moabitess (Ruth 1:4); the third woman, a Gentile grafted into Israel.
ἸωβὴδObedNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸεσσαίJesseAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰεσσαί: Jesse, father of David (1 Sam 16).
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Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Δαυὶδ τὸν βασιλέα. Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου,
and Jesse begot David the king. And David begot Solomon by the wife of Uriah,
Genealogical link (set 1→2 hinge)δέDavid 'the king' closes the first fourteen and opens the royal second. The fourth woman is named only as 'the wife of Uriah' — the dark memory of 2 Sam 11 left audible.
ἸεσσαὶJesseNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΔαυὶδDavidAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Δαυίδ: David — named here with the article and title 'the king,' marking the genealogy's first turning point (v.17).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλέαkingAccusativeapposition to Δαυίδ (title)βασιλεύς: 'king'; the only descendant so titled — David as the royal head and type of the messianic King.
ΔαυὶδDavidNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΣολομῶναSolomonAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Σολομών: Solomon (declinable, acc. -ῶνα); 2 Sam 12:24.
ἐκbypreposition + genitive (source: the mother)
τῆςthe (woman)Genitivesubstantival article ('the [wife]')the feminine article alone implies γυναικός — 'the [wife] of Uriah'; Bathsheba is unnamed, only her adultery-marked status recalled.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
Οὐρίουof UriahGenitivegenitive of relationship (Uriah the Hittite)Οὐρίας: Uriah the Hittite (2 Sam 11); naming him, not Bathsheba, keeps David's sin in view — the fourth and most pointed of the women's allusions.
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Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ῥοβοάμ, Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀσάφ,
and Solomon begot Rehoboam, and Rehoboam begot Abijah, and Abijah begot Asaph,
Genealogical linkδέThe royal Judahite line of kings begins (1 Chr 3:10). The critical text reads 'Asaph' (Ἀσάφ) for the king Asa — a likely orthographic harmonization with the psalmist's name.
ΣολομὼνSolomonNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ῬοβοάμRehoboamAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ῥοβοάμ: Rehoboam, Solomon's son in whose reign the kingdom split (1 Kgs 12).
ῬοβοὰμRehoboamNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈβιάAbijahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀβιά: Abijah of Judah (1 Kgs 14:31; 1 Chr 3:10).
ἈβιὰAbijahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈσάφAsaphAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀσάφ: the critical text's spelling of king Asa (1 Kgs 15:8) as 'Asaph'; a noted, deliberately retained variant.
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Ἀσὰφ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσαφάτ, Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωράμ, Ἰωρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ὀζίαν,
and Asaph begot Jehoshaphat, and Jehoshaphat begot Joram, and Joram begot Uzziah,
Genealogical linkδέBetween Joram and Uzziah three kings (Ahaziah, Joash, Amaziah) are silently passed over — a deliberate telescoping of the line (cf. 1 Chr 3:11–12).
ἈσὰφAsaphNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωσαφάτJehoshaphatAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωσαφάτ: Jehoshaphat of Judah (1 Kgs 22:41).
ἸωσαφὰτJehoshaphatNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωράμJoramAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωράμ: Joram/Jehoram (2 Kgs 8:16).
ἸωρὰμJoramNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ὈζίανUzziahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ὀζίας: Uzziah/Azariah (declinable, acc. -αν); the three intervening kings are omitted (2 Kgs 14–15).
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Ὀζίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωαθάμ, Ἰωαθὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀχάζ, Ἀχὰζ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἑζεκίαν,
and Uzziah begot Jotham, and Jotham begot Ahaz, and Ahaz begot Hezekiah,
Genealogical linkδέThe line runs through Ahaz — the king to whom the Immanuel sign was first given (Isa 7:14, cited in v.23) — to the reformer Hezekiah.
ὈζίαςUzziahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωαθάμJothamAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωαθάμ: Jotham of Judah (2 Kgs 15:32).
ἸωαθὰμJothamNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈχάζAhazAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀχάζ: Ahaz, to whom Isaiah gave the Immanuel sign (Isa 7:14).
ἈχὰζAhazNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἙζεκίανHezekiahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἑζεκίας: Hezekiah (declinable, acc. -αν); the reforming king (2 Kgs 18).
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Ἑζεκίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μανασσῆ, Μανασσῆς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμώς, Ἀμὼς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσίαν,
and Hezekiah begot Manasseh, and Manasseh begot Amos, and Amos begot Josiah,
Genealogical linkδέThe line nears the exile; the critical text reads 'Amos' (Ἀμώς) for king Amon — another retained spelling-variant assimilated to the prophet's name.
ἙζεκίαςHezekiahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΜανασσῆManassehAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Μανασσῆς: Manasseh (declinable, acc. -ῆ); Judah's longest-reigning king (2 Kgs 21).
ΜανασσῆςManassehNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈμώςAmosAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀμώς: the critical text's spelling of king Amon (2 Kgs 21:18) as 'Amos'; a noted variant.
ἈμὼςAmosNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωσίανJosiahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωσίας: Josiah (declinable, acc. -αν); the last great reformer (2 Kgs 22).
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Ἰωσίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεχονίαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος.
and Josiah begot Jechoniah and his brothers, at the time of the deportation to Babylon.
Genealogical link (set 2→3 hinge)δέThe second fourteen ends at the exile. 'And his brothers' and the deportation-clause mark the catastrophe; Jehoiakim is telescoped, Jechoniah standing at the hinge (v.17).
ἸωσίαςJosiahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸεχονίανJechoniahAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰεχονίας: Jechoniah/Jehoiachin (declinable, acc. -αν); exiled to Babylon (2 Kgs 24:15; Jer 22:24–30).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativesecond object of ἐγέννησενἀδελφός: 'brother(s)'; the plural at the exile-hinge mirrors v.2, framing both turning points.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἐπὶat (the time of)preposition + genitive (temporal)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
μετοικεσίαςdeportationGenitiveobject of ἐπί (temporal: 'at the time of')μετοικεσία: 'removal to another dwelling, deportation' (μετά + οἶκος); the keyword for the Babylonian exile, repeated four times in vv.11–12, 17.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitiveobjective/directional genitive (deportation to Babylon)Βαβυλών: Babylon; the place of exile — the nadir of the royal line before its restoration in Christ.
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Μετὰ δὲ τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος Ἰεχονίας ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλαθιήλ, Σαλαθιὴλ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ζοροβαβέλ,
And after the deportation to Babylon, Jechoniah begot Shealtiel, and Shealtiel begot Zerubbabel,
Genealogical link (set 3 begins)δέThe third fourteen opens after the exile. Zerubbabel, the post-exilic governor (Hag 1:1; Ezra 3), is the last historically anchored name before the obscure descent to Joseph.
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μετοικεσίανdeportationAccusativeobject of μετά (temporal)μετοικεσία: 'deportation'; the exile-keyword again, now the boundary from which the final set is counted.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitiveobjective/directional genitive
ἸεχονίαςJechoniahNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΣαλαθιήλShealtielAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Σαλαθιήλ: Shealtiel (1 Chr 3:17; Ezra 3:2).
ΣαλαθιὴλShealtielNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΖοροβαβέλZerubbabelAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ζοροβαβέλ: Zerubbabel, governor of the post-exilic restoration (Hag 1:1; Zech 4).
13
Ζοροβαβὲλ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιούδ, Ἀβιοὺδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλιακίμ, Ἐλιακὶμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀζώρ,
and Zerubbabel begot Abiud, and Abiud begot Eliakim, and Eliakim begot Azor,
Genealogical linkδέThe names of the third set (Abiud onward) are otherwise unknown — the obscure, post-biblical descent linking Zerubbabel to Joseph.
ΖοροβαβὲλZerubbabelNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈβιούδAbiudAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀβιούδ: Abiud; otherwise unattested — a name from the obscure post-exilic line.
ἈβιοὺδAbiudNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἘλιακίμEliakimAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἐλιακίμ: Eliakim; unknown apart from this genealogy.
ἘλιακὶμEliakimNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈζώρAzorAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀζώρ: Azor; unknown apart from this genealogy.
14
Ἀζὼρ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαδώκ, Σαδὼκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀχίμ, Ἀχὶμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλιούδ,
and Azor begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Achim, and Achim begot Eliud,
Genealogical linkδέThe obscure descent continues uninterrupted toward Joseph.
ἈζὼρAzorNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΣαδώκZadokAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Σαδώκ: Zadok; unknown apart from this genealogy.
ΣαδὼκZadokNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἈχίμAchimAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἀχίμ: Achim; unknown apart from this genealogy.
ἈχὶμAchimNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἘλιούδEliudAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἐλιούδ: Eliud; unknown apart from this genealogy.
15
Ἐλιοὺδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλεάζαρ, Ἐλεάζαρ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ματθάν, Ματθὰν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰακώβ,
and Eliud begot Eleazar, and Eleazar begot Matthan, and Matthan begot Jacob,
Genealogical linkδέThe penultimate links; 'Jacob begot Joseph' (v.16) deliberately echoes the patriarch Jacob→Joseph of Genesis.
ἘλιοὺδEliudNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἘλεάζαρEleazarAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἐλεάζαρ: Eleazar; unknown apart from this genealogy.
ἘλεάζαρEleazarNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ΜατθάνMatthanAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ματθάν: Matthan; unknown apart from this genealogy.
ΜατθὰνMatthanNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸακώβJacobAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰακώβ: Jacob, father of Joseph; the name echoes the patriarch whose son was also Joseph (Gen 30:24).
16
Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός.
and Jacob begot Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
Genealogical link (climax)δέThe chain breaks its pattern at the climax: Joseph is not said to beget Jesus but to be 'the husband of Mary, of whom (ἐξ ἧς, fem. sing.) was born Jesus' — the passive ἐγεννήθη quietly safeguarding the virginal conception.
ἸακὼβJacobNominativesubject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical link)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget, become father of'; the chain-verb of the genealogy, here of male descent.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with accusative name)
ἸωσὴφJosephAccusativeobject of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable Hebrew name)Ἰωσήφ: Joseph, Mary's husband; named, but pointedly not as the begetter of Jesus.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄνδραhusbandAccusativeapposition to Ἰωσήφἀνήρ: 'man, husband'; Joseph is 'the husband of Mary,' the legal father giving Jesus Davidic standing without physical descent.
Μαρίαςof MaryGenitivegenitive of relationshipΜαρία: Mary (Heb. Miriam); the genealogy's final, decisive 'of whom.'
ἐξof/frompreposition + genitive (source/origin)
ἧςwhomGenitiverelative pronoun (fem. sing., antecedent Μαρίας)the feminine singular relative ἧς has only Mary as antecedent — the line of physical descent runs through her alone, not Joseph.
ἐγεννήθηwas bornAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (passive — note the broken pattern)→ constative aorist (divine passive)γεννάω (pass.): 'was born/begotten'; the passive replaces the active ἐγέννησεν of the chain — Jesus is born of Mary, not begotten by Joseph.
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of ἐγεννήθηἸησοῦς: Jesus — the goal of the whole genealogy.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantizes the ptc.)
λεγόμενοςcalledPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωattributive participle→ present (customary)λέγω (pass.): 'be called'; ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός — 'the one called Messiah,' the title the genealogy has been demonstrating.
ΧριστόςChristNominativepredicate nom. (complement of λεγόμενος)Χριστός: 'Anointed,' Messiah; the genealogy's verdict — this Jesus is rightfully called the Christ.
17
Πᾶσαι οὖν αἱ γενεαὶ ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕως Δαυὶδ γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες, καὶ ἀπὸ Δαυὶδ ἕως τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος ἕως τοῦ Χριστοῦ γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες.
So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations, and from David to the deportation to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations.
Summary / structural recapitulationοὖνThe evangelist's own summary, dividing the line into three symmetrical fourteens (Abraham→David→exile→Christ). The schematic 3×14 (perhaps the numeric value of דוד, DWD = 14) is theological design, not bare arithmetic.
ΠᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective
οὖνso/thereforeinferential conjunction (drawing the summary)
αἱtheNominativearticle
γενεαὶgenerationsNominativesubjectγενεά: 'generation'; the counting-unit of the summary, repeated four times to seal the 3×14 structure.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal starting-point)
ἈβραὰμAbrahamGenitiveobject of ἀπό (terminus a quo)
ἕωςto/untilimproper preposition + genitive (terminus)
ΔαυὶδDavidGenitiveobject of ἕως (terminus ad quem)
γενεαὶgenerationsNominativepredicate nominative
δεκατέσσαρεςfourteenNominativecardinal numeral (predicate)δεκατέσσαρες: 'fourteen'; the recurring number — twice David's name-value, structuring the messianic descent.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive
ΔαυὶδDavidGenitiveobject of ἀπό
ἕωςtoimproper preposition + genitive
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
μετοικεσίαςdeportationGenitiveobject of ἕως
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitiveobjective/directional genitive
γενεαὶgenerationsNominativepredicate nominative
δεκατέσσαρεςfourteenNominativecardinal numeral (predicate)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
μετοικεσίαςdeportationGenitiveobject of ἀπό
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitiveobjective/directional genitive
ἕωςtoimproper preposition + genitive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveobject of ἕως (terminus: the Messiah)Χριστός: 'the Christ'; with the article, the goal toward which all three sets converge.
γενεαὶgenerationsNominativepredicate nominative
δεκατέσσαρεςfourteenNominativecardinal numeral (predicate)
18
Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ γένεσις οὕτως ἦν. μνηστευθείσης τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας τῷ Ἰωσήφ, πρὶν ἢ συνελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου.
Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child of the Holy Spirit.
Narrative onset (new scene)δέThe second half begins. γένεσις picks up the βίβλος γενέσεως of v.1, now of the birth itself. A genitive-absolute sets the scene (the betrothal); the divine passive εὑρέθη and ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου disclose the cause before Joseph learns it.
ΤοῦtheGenitivearticle
δὲnowtransitional conjunction (new section)
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitivegenitive (whose birth)
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition
ἡtheNominativearticle
γένεσιςbirth/originNominativesubjectγένεσις: 'birth, origin'; deliberately echoing v.1 — the 'genealogy' now narrows to the 'genesis' of the Messiah himself.
οὕτωςthus / in this wayadverb (manner; cataphoric)
ἦνwas / took placeImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative imperfect
μνηστευθείσηςhaving been betrothedAor Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · μνηστεύωgenitive absolute (temporal: 'when … had been betrothed')→ constative aoristμνηστεύω (pass.): 'be betrothed, engaged'; Jewish betrothal was legally binding — hence Joseph is already 'her husband' (v.19).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
μητρὸςmotherGenitivesubject of the genitive absoluteμήτηρ: 'mother'; Mary is already named 'his mother' proleptically.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ΜαρίαςMaryGenitiveapposition to μητρός (in the gen. absolute)
τῷtoDativearticle
ἸωσήφJosephDativedative of recipient (betrothed to Joseph)
πρὶνbeforetemporal conjunction (with ἤ + inf.)
ἢthanparticle (πρὶν ἤ idiom: 'before')
συνελθεῖνto come togetherAor Act Inf · συνέρχομαιinfinitive with πρὶν ἤ (temporal: 'before they came together')→ constative aoristσυνέρχομαι: 'come together'; here of marital/sexual union — 'before they lived together as man and wife.'
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
εὑρέθηshe was foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb (divine passive)→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω (pass.): 'be found, discovered'; the passive understates — the pregnancy became apparent, its cause already named.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν)
γαστρὶwombDativedat. in the idiom ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ('pregnant')γαστήρ: 'belly, womb'; ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν = the LXX idiom 'to be pregnant.'
ἔχουσαhaving / beingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωsupplementary participle (with εὑρέθη: 'was found to be …')→ present (durative)ἔχω: in ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα, 'being with child'; the participle completes εὑρέθη.
ἐκof/frompreposition + genitive (source/agency)
πνεύματοςSpiritGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source of the conception)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου names the divine origin of the child — the conception is the Spirit's work.
ἁγίουHolyGenitiveattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; qualifies πνεῦμα — the Holy Spirit, anarthrous but definite.
19
Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ θέλων αὐτὴν δειγματίσαι, ἐβουλήθη λάθρᾳ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν.
And Joseph her husband, being righteous and unwilling to expose her to disgrace, resolved to divorce her quietly.
Narrative continuation (Joseph's response)δέJoseph's dilemma: his righteousness and his mercy held together. Two adverbial participles (δίκαιος ὢν, μὴ θέλων) ground his quiet resolve to release her.
ἸωσὴφJosephNominativesubject
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ὁtheNominativearticle
ἀνὴρhusbandNominativeapposition to Ἰωσήφἀνήρ: 'husband'; betrothal already made Joseph her legal 'husband,' so release requires a divorce.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship
δίκαιοςrighteousNominativepredicate adjective (with ὤν)δίκαιος: 'righteous, just'; his righteousness is precisely what makes him both unwilling to ignore the law and unwilling to shame Mary.
ὢνbeingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εἰμίadverbial participle (causal/concessive)→ stative present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative particle (with ptc.)
θέλωνwilling/wishingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · θέλωadverbial participle (causal)→ present (durative)θέλω: 'wish, want'; μὴ θέλων — his unwillingness to expose her tempers strict legal recourse.
αὐτὴνherAccusativeobject of δειγματίσαι
δειγματίσαιto expose/disgraceAor Act Inf · δειγματίζωcomplementary infinitive (with θέλων)→ constative aoristδειγματίζω: 'make a public example of, expose'; the rare verb of holding someone up to public shame.
ἐβουλήθηhe resolvedAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · βούλομαιmain verb→ constative aoristβούλομαι: 'will, resolve, decide'; a deliberate decision, here for the merciful course.
λάθρᾳsecretly/quietlyadverb (manner)
ἀπολῦσαιto divorce/releaseAor Act Inf · ἀπολύωcomplementary infinitive (with ἐβουλήθη)→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'release, dismiss, divorce'; the standard verb for ending a marriage/betrothal.
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of ἀπολῦσαι
20
ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου κατ' ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ λέγων· Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ, μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαρίαν τὴν γυναῖκά σου· τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου.
But as he considered these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit."
Narrative turn / speech onset (divine intervention)δέA genitive absolute frames the angelic appearance; ἰδού heightens it. The angel's speech (introduced by λέγων) reverses Joseph's plan, addressing him as 'son of David' — the genealogy's title now active in the plot.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of ἐνθυμηθέντος
δὲbutadversative/continuative conjunction
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of the genitive absolute
ἐνθυμηθέντοςhaving consideredAor Pass(dep) Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἐνθυμέομαιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'as he was considering')→ constative aoristἐνθυμέομαι: 'ponder, reflect on'; Joseph's inner deliberation is the moment the angel interrupts.
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker / presentative particleἰδού: 'look! behold!'; a vivid Semitic-flavored marker introducing the sudden divine appearance.
ἄγγελοςangel/messengerNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; ἄγγελος κυρίου, the OT 'angel of the LORD,' here the agent of revelation by dream.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of source/possession
κατ'in (a dream)preposition + accusative (κατ' ὄναρ idiom)
ὄναρdreamAccusativeobject of κατά (idiom 'in a dream')ὄναρ: 'dream'; κατ' ὄναρ, 'by way of a dream' — Matthew's recurring mode of guidance (1:20; 2:12–13, 19, 22).
ἐφάνηappearedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristφαίνω (pass.): 'appear, become visible'; the angel's manifestation to Joseph.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of recipient
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introduces direct speech)→ present (durative)
ἸωσὴφJosephVocativevocative of address
υἱὸςsonVocativeapposition (vocative: 'son of David')υἱός: 'son'; addressing Joseph as 'son of David' makes him the legal channel of Davidic sonship to Jesus.
Δαυίδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationship
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibition)
φοβηθῇςfearAor Pass(dep) Subj 2 Sg · φοβέομαιprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor. subj.)→ ingressive aoristφοβέομαι: 'be afraid'; μὴ φοβηθῇς — 'do not be afraid,' the classic angelic reassurance.
παραλαβεῖνto takeAor Act Inf · παραλαμβάνωcomplementary infinitive (with φοβηθῇς)→ constative aoristπαραλαμβάνω: 'take to oneself, take home'; here of taking Mary into his house as wife (cf. v.24).
ΜαρίανMaryAccusativeobject of παραλαβεῖν
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γυναῖκάwifeAccusativeapposition to Μαρίαν (predicate: 'as your wife')γυνή: 'woman, wife'; taking her 'as your wife' completes what betrothal began.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
τὸthe (thing)Nominativearticle (substantizes the ptc.)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the command)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
αὐτῇherDativeobject of ἐν
γεννηθὲνconceived/begottenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · γεννάωsubstantival participle (subject of ἐστιν)→ constative aorist (divine passive)γεννάω (pass.): 'be conceived, begotten'; τὸ … γεννηθέν, 'that which has been conceived' — the same root as the genealogy's ἐγέννησεν, now of the Spirit's work.
ἐκof/frompreposition + genitive (source)
πνεύματόςSpiritGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the angel confirms what the narrator disclosed in v.18 — the conception is ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
ἁγίουHolyGenitiveattributive adjective (with πνεύματος)ἅγιος: 'holy'; the word-order ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου throws emphasis on 'Holy.'
21
τέξεται δὲ υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν· αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν.
She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Direct speech (naming command + explanation)δέThe angel's command and its ground: the name Ἰησοῦς ('YHWH saves') is explained by σώσει — a Hebrew name-etymology wordplay. The futures are commands of promise; αὐτός is emphatic ('he himself').
τέξεταιshe will bearFut Mid(dep) Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb→ predictive futureτίκτω: 'give birth to, bear'; the promised birth of a son.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
υἱὸνsonAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
καλέσειςyou shall callFut Act Indic 2 Sg · καλέωmain verb (imperatival future / command)→ imperatival futureκαλέω: 'call, name'; the future as command — Joseph's naming of the child legally claims him as his own.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobject complement (naming the name)Ἰησοῦς: 'YHWH saves' (Heb. Yēšûaʿ); the name's meaning is unfolded in the very next clause (σώσει) — a deliberate etymological wordplay.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativesubject (emphatic intensive pronoun)αὐτός: emphatic — 'he, and no other, will save'; the name's promise rests on his own person.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the name)
σώσειwill saveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ predictive futureσῴζω: 'save, deliver'; the etymological play on Ἰησοῦς — he will be 'Savior' by saving from sins, not (as expected) from Rome.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λαὸνpeopleAccusativedirect objectλαός: 'people'; 'his people' — covenant-people language now bound to Jesus' own saving work.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitiveobject of ἀπό (separation)ἁμαρτία: 'sin'; the salvation is from sins — defining the messianic deliverance morally and spiritually.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship
22
Τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος·
All this took place to fulfill what had been spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying:
Fulfillment formulaδέMatthew's first formula-quotation frame: the events 'have happened' (perfect γέγονεν) so that prophecy might be fulfilled — the characteristic ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθέν of the Gospel.
ΤοῦτοthisNominativesubject (with ὅλον)
δὲnow/andtransitional conjunction
ὅλονall/wholeNominativeattributive/adjectival (with Τοῦτο)ὅλος: 'whole, entire'; 'all this' gathers the conception and command into the scope of fulfillment.
γέγονενhas happenedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ consummative perfectγίνομαι: 'happen, come to pass'; the perfect stresses the abiding result — it stands accomplished as fulfillment.
ἵναin order thatconjunction (purpose, with subj.)
πληρωθῇmight be fulfilledAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · πληρόωsubjunctive in purpose clause→ constative aoristπληρόω: 'fulfill, fill up'; the key verb of Matthean fulfillment — Scripture reaches its intended completion in Christ.
τὸthe (thing)Nominativearticle (substantizes the ptc.)
ῥηθὲνspokenAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · λέγω(εἴρω)substantival participle (subject of πληρωθῇ)→ constative aoristῥηθέν (from εἴρω/λέγω): 'that which was spoken'; the prophetic word, here Isaiah's, treated as the Lord's own utterance.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (ultimate agent)
κυρίουthe LordGenitiveobject of ὑπό (ultimate agent)κύριος: 'Lord'; the prophecy's ultimate author is God himself — the prophet only the channel (διά).
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (intermediate agency)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitiveobject of διά (intermediate agent)προφήτης: 'prophet'; Isaiah unnamed here, the standard διὰ τοῦ προφήτου of the formula.
λέγοντοςsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λέγωattributive participle (agreeing with προφήτου; introduces the citation)→ present (durative)
23
Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει καὶ τέξεται υἱόν, καὶ καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ, ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεός.
"Behold, the virgin shall be with child and shall bear a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel" (which means, God with us).
Fulfillment citation (Isaiah 7:14)asyndetonThe Isaiah 7:14 quotation (LXX), with Matthew's own translation of the name. ἡ παρθένος renders Hebrew ʿalmâ; the name Ἐμμανουήλ ('God with us') frames the whole Gospel (cf. 28:20).
Ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold'; opening the citation as in the LXX of Isa 7:14.
ἡtheNominativearticle
παρθένοςvirginNominativesubjectπαρθένος: 'virgin'; the LXX rendering of Hebrew ʿalmâ ('young woman'), which Matthew reads as virginity fulfilled in Mary.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει)
γαστρὶwombDativedat. in the idiom 'be with child'γαστήρ: 'womb'; ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει = 'will be pregnant,' the same idiom as v.18.
ἕξειshall have / be with childFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ predictive futureἔχω: in ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, 'will conceive/be pregnant.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τέξεταιshall bearFut Mid(dep) Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb→ predictive futureτίκτω: 'bear, give birth'; echoing v.21 — prophecy and angelic word coincide.
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
καλέσουσινthey shall callFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καλέωmain verb→ predictive futureκαλέω: 'call, name'; the impersonal plural ('they/people will call') — the community will confess the name's meaning.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἘμμανουήλEmmanuelAccusativeobject complement (the name; indeclinable)Ἐμμανουήλ: Hebrew ʿimmānû ʾēl, 'with us [is] God'; the throne-name of Isa 7:14, here a title of Jesus' divine presence.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)
ἐστινis/meansPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
μεθερμηνευόμενονtranslatedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · μεθερμηνεύωadverbial participle (with ἐστιν: 'being translated')→ present (durative)μεθερμηνεύω: 'translate, interpret'; Matthew glosses the Hebrew name for his readers.
Μεθ'withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἡμῶνusGenitiveobject of μετά
ὁtheNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativesubject (of the name's translation)θεός: 'God'; 'God with us' — the name interprets the incarnation, framing Matthew (1:23) and its close (28:20, 'I am with you').
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ἐγερθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος κυρίου καὶ παρέλαβεν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ,
When Joseph woke from sleep, he did as the angel of the Lord had commanded him, and took his wife,
Narrative resolution (obedience)δέJoseph's prompt obedience: an aorist participle (ἐγερθείς) of waking, then he 'did as the angel commanded' and took Mary — the reversal of his plan in v.19 enacted.
ἐγερθεὶςhaving awakenedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial participle (temporal: 'when he woke')→ constative aoristἐγείρω (pass.): 'rise, wake up'; Joseph rises from sleep to immediate obedience.
δὲand/socontinuative conjunction
ὁtheNominativearticle
ἸωσὴφJosephNominativesubject
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ὕπνουsleepGenitiveobject of ἀπόὕπνος: 'sleep'; the dream over, Joseph acts.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do, make'; ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν — exact obedience to the angelic command.
ὡςascomparative conjunction
προσέταξενhad commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προστάσσωmain verb (comparative clause)→ constative aoristπροστάσσω: 'command, order, direct'; the angel's directive of v.20.
αὐτῷhimDativedative of recipient (indirect object)
ὁtheNominativearticle
ἄγγελοςangelNominativesubject of προσέταξεν
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of source/possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρέλαβενhe tookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραλαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristπαραλαμβάνω: 'take to oneself'; Joseph takes Mary home as wife (fulfilling the παραλαβεῖν of v.20).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect objectγυνή: 'wife'; he completes the marriage, taking Mary into his home.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
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καὶ οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν ἕως οὗ ἔτεκεν υἱόν· καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν.
but he did not know her until she had borne a son; and he called his name Jesus.
Narrative conclusion (chastity + naming)καὶThe scene closes: the marital abstinence ('did not know her') until the birth safeguards the virginal conception, and Joseph's naming ('he called his name Jesus') obeys v.21 and claims the child as Davidic son.
καὶand/butcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐγίνωσκενhe was knowingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb→ durative/iterative imperfectγινώσκω: 'know'; the Semitic euphemism for marital relations — the imperfect 'was not knowing' marks continued abstinence up to the birth.
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object
ἕωςuntilimproper preposition / conjunction (with οὗ)
οὗwhich (time)Genitiverelative (ἕως οὗ idiom: 'until')
ἔτεκενshe boreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb (temporal clause)→ constative aoristτίκτω: 'give birth'; the birth that ends the period of abstinence — the promised son of vv.21, 23 is born.
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκάλεσενhe calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call, name'; Joseph's naming fulfills the angel's command (v.21), legally adopting Jesus into David's line.
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobject complement (the name)Ἰησοῦς: 'YHWH saves'; the naming closes the chapter where v.21 pointed — the Savior is named and the genealogy's goal stands born.