Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Matthew, Chapter 9ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΘΘΑΙΟΝ Θ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ἐμβὰς εἰς πλοῖον διεπέρασεν καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν.

And getting into a boat he crossed over and came to his own town.

Scene transitionΚαὶA narrative hinge closing the Gadarene episode and opening the Capernaum cycle; Jesus returns to 'his own town' (Capernaum, cf. 4:13).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)
ἐμβὰςgetting inAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβαίνωadverbial ptc. (temporal/attendant)→ antecedent aoristἐμβαίνω: 'step in, embark' (ἐν + βαίνω); of boarding a vessel.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
πλοῖονa boatAccusativeobject of εἰςπλοῖον: 'boat, ship'; the fishing-boat of the Galilean lake.
διεπέρασενhe crossed overAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαπεράωmain verb→ constative aoristδιαπεράω: 'cross over' (διά + περάω); to traverse the lake to the far shore.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθενhe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (coordinate)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἰδίανownAccusativeattributive adjectiveἴδιος: 'one's own'; Capernaum, Jesus' adopted base (4:13).
πόλινtownAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town.'
2

καὶ ἰδοὺ προσέφερον αὐτῷ παραλυτικὸν ἐπὶ κλίνης βεβλημένον. καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν εἶπεν τῷ παραλυτικῷ· θάρσει, τέκνον· ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.

And behold, they were bringing to him a paralytic lying on a bed. And seeing their faith Jesus said to the paralytic, 'Take heart, child; your sins are forgiven.'

Scene opening / dramatic presentationκαὶ ἰδοὺThe Hebraic καὶ ἰδού stages the petition; Jesus addresses not the paralysis but the deeper need — forgiveness — responding to the bearers' faith.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (attention-marker)ἰδού: 'behold!'; frozen aor. imperative of ὁράω, a Hebraism (הִנֵּה) heightening the narrative.
προσέφερονthey were bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb→ ingressive/descriptive imperfectπροσφέρω: 'bring to, offer' (πρός + φέρω); the imperfect pictures the act in progress.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
παραλυτικὸνa paralyticAccusativedirect objectπαραλυτικός: 'paralyzed (one)'; from παραλύω, of slackened limbs.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
κλίνηςa bedGenitiveobject of ἐπίκλίνη: 'couch, pallet'; the mat on which the sick man lay.
βεβλημένονlaidPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · βάλλωattributive ptc. (modifies παραλυτικόν)→ intensive perfect (settled state)βάλλω: 'throw, lay'; perfect passive = 'laid out, stretched out,' of helpless prostration.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal/causal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see, perceive'; faith is something visible in action (the bringing).
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: 'Jesus' (Yēšûaʿ, 'YHWH saves').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πίστινfaithAccusativedirect object of ἰδώνπίστις: 'faith, trust'; here the corporate, enacted faith of the bearers.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say, speak.'
τῷto theDativearticle
παραλυτικῷparalyticDativeindirect object
θάρσειtake heartPres Act Impv 2 Sg · θαρσέωmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive present imperativeθαρσέω: 'be of good courage'; a word of reassurance (cf. v.22).
τέκνονchildVocativevocative of addressτέκνον: 'child'; an affectionate address.
ἀφίενταίare forgivenPres Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀφίημιmain verb→ performative present (divine passive)ἀφίημι: 'let go, release, forgive'; the present effects what it announces — a divine passive ('God forgives').
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
αἱtheNominativearticle
ἁμαρτίαιsinsNominativesubjectἁμαρτία: 'sin'; lit. 'missing the mark.'
3

καὶ ἰδού τινες τῶν γραμματέων εἶπαν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς· οὗτος βλασφημεῖ.

And behold, some of the scribes said within themselves, 'This man blasphemes.'

Adverse reactionκαὶ ἰδούThe first of Matthew's mounting conflicts: scribes silently charge blasphemy, since to forgive sins is God's prerogative alone.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδούbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'; marks the antagonists' entrance.
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)τις: 'someone, certain ones.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
γραμματέωνscribesGenitivepartitive genitiveγραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the legal scholars and copyists of the Law.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἐνwithinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ἑαυτοῖςthemselvesDativereflexive pronoun (inwardly)ἑαυτοῦ: 'himself/themselves'; ἐν ἑαυτοῖς = 'to themselves,' silently.
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject (demonstrative, contemptuous)οὗτος: 'this (one)'; here a dismissive 'this fellow.'
βλασφημεῖblasphemesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · βλασφημέωmain verb→ descriptive presentβλασφημέω: 'slander, blaspheme'; to usurp God's exclusive right to forgive sins.
4

καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν εἶπεν· ἱνατί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν;

And Jesus, seeing their thoughts, said, 'Why do you think evil in your hearts?'

Counter-challengeκαὶJesus' supernatural insight into their hidden thoughts itself displays the divine prerogative they deny him; he answers with a probing question.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal/causal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see, perceive'; here a discerning of unspoken thoughts.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
ἐνθυμήσειςthoughtsAccusativedirect object of ἰδώνἐνθύμησις: 'reflection, inward reasoning'; what they pondered in their hearts.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
ἱνατίwhyinterrogative adverbἱνατί: 'why? to what end?' (ἵνα τί, 'in order that what [may happen]').
ἐνθυμεῖσθεdo you thinkPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐνθυμέομαιmain verb (question)→ descriptive presentἐνθυμέομαι: 'ponder, reflect on'; cognate with ἐνθύμησις above.
πονηρὰevilAccusativedirect object (neut. pl. substantival)πονηρός: 'evil, wicked'; here 'evil things,' malicious reasonings.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
καρδίαιςheartsDativedat. of sphere (locus of thought)καρδία: 'heart'; the inner seat of thought and will in Hebraic anthropology.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
5

τί γάρ ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν· ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν· ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει;

For which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Rise and walk'?

Grounding questionγάρThe dilemma: the unverifiable word ('forgiven') is 'easier' to say; the verifiable word ('rise') will be spoken to authenticate the first.
τίwhat/whichNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)τίς: 'who? what? which?'
γάρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative present
εὐκοπώτερονeasierNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)εὔκοπος: 'easy' (εὖ + κόπος, 'without toil'); comparative 'easier.'
εἰπεῖνto sayAor Act Inf · λέγωepexegetical infinitive (subject)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say.'
ἀφίενταίare forgivenPres Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀφίημιverb (quoted clause)→ performative presentἀφίημι: 'forgive.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
αἱtheNominativearticle
ἁμαρτίαιsinsNominativesubject (quoted clause)
ordisjunctive conjunction
εἰπεῖνto sayAor Act Inf · λέγωepexegetical infinitive→ constative aorist
ἔγειρεrisePres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐγείρωverb (quoted command)→ ingressive present imperativeἐγείρω: 'raise, get up'; intransitive in the imperative, 'rise!'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιπάτειwalkPres Act Impv 2 Sg · περιπατέωverb (quoted command)→ durative present imperativeπεριπατέω: 'walk about' (περί + πατέω); proof-positive of the cure.
6

ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας —τότε λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ· ἐγερθεὶς ἆρόν σου τὴν κλίνην καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου.

But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins — then he says to the paralytic, "Rise, take up your bed and go to your house."

Purpose / demonstrative actδὲThe purpose clause is broken off (aposiopesis) and resolved in action: the visible healing authenticates the Son of Man's authority to forgive.
ἵναthatpurpose conjunction (+ subjunctive)
δὲbutdevelopmental conjunction
εἰδῆτεyou may knowPerf Act Subj 2 Pl · οἶδαsubjunctive (purpose)→ stative perfect (present sense)οἶδα: 'know'; perfect form with present meaning.
ὅτιthatcomplementizer (content)
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect objectἐξουσία: 'authority, right'; delegated/sovereign power.
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb (content clause)→ stative presentἔχω: 'have, hold.'
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱός: 'son'; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, the Danielic 'Son of Man' (Dan 7:13), Jesus' self-designation.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive (title)ἄνθρωπος: 'man, human.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπίγῆ: 'earth, land'; the emphatic 'on earth' — heaven's forgiveness exercised now, here.
ἀφιέναιto forgivePres Act Inf · ἀφίημιepexegetical infinitive (w/ ἐξουσίαν)→ durative presentἀφίημι: 'forgive, release.'
ἁμαρτίαςsinsAccusativeobject of ἀφιέναι
τότεthentemporal adverb (resumptive)τότε: 'then'; resumes the narrative after the parenthesis.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say.'
τῷto theDativearticle
παραλυτικῷparalyticDativeindirect object
ἐγερθεὶςrisingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; pass. 'be raised, rise.'
ἆρόνtake upAor Act Impv 2 Sg · αἴρωmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeαἴρω: 'lift, take up, carry.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
κλίνηνbedAccusativedirect objectκλίνη: 'couch, pallet.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὕπαγεgoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (imperative)→ durative present imperativeὑπάγω: 'go away, depart.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οἶκόνhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἶκος: 'house, household.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
7

καὶ ἐγερθεὶς ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.

And rising, he went away to his house.

Fulfillment of commandκαὶThe instant, wordless obedience — echoing the command verbatim (ἐγερθείς … οἶκον) — is the proof that authenticates the forgiveness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγερθεὶςrisingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; pass. 'rise.'
ἀπῆλθενhe went awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart' (ἀπό + ἔρχομαι).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οἶκονhouseAccusativeobject of εἰς
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
8

ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ ὄχλοι ἐφοβήθησαν καὶ ἐδόξασαν τὸν θεὸν τὸν δόντα ἐξουσίαν τοιαύτην τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.

And when the crowds saw it, they were afraid and glorified God, who had given such authority to men.

Crowd response (climax)δὲThe episode closes with reverent fear and doxology; Matthew's distinctive 'to men' universalizes the gift, hinting at the authority entrusted to Jesus' community.
ἰδόντεςseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude.'
ἐφοβήθησανwere afraidAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristφοβέομαι: 'fear, be afraid'; here numinous awe at the divine power displayed.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐδόξασανglorifiedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δοξάζωmain verb (coordinate)→ constative aoristδοξάζω: 'glorify, honor'; from δόξα.
τὸνAccusativearticle
θεὸνGodAccusativedirect objectθεός: God.
τὸνwhoAccusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
δόνταhad givenAor Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · δίδωμιattributive participle (modifies θεόν)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give, grant.'
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of δόνταἐξουσία: 'authority.'
τοιαύτηνsuchAccusativeattributive adjectiveτοιοῦτος: 'such, of this kind.'
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἀνθρώποιςmenDativeindirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'man, human'; the plural 'to men' is Matthew's distinctive touch.
9

Καὶ παράγων ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐκεῖθεν εἶδεν ἄνθρωπον καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον, Μαθθαῖον λεγόμενον, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· ἀκολούθει μοι. καὶ ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ.

And as Jesus passed on from there, he saw a man called Matthew sitting at the tax-booth, and he says to him, 'Follow me.' And rising, he followed him.

New episode / call narrativeΚαὶThe call of Matthew mirrors the fishermen's call (4:18–22): a sovereign summons, an immediate leaving-all to follow.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παράγωνpassing onPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παράγωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ concurrent presentπαράγω: 'pass by, go along' (παρά + ἄγω).
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb (place)ἐκεῖθεν: 'from that place.'
εἶδενhe sawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see.'
ἄνθρωπονa manAccusativedirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'man.'
καθήμενονsittingPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · κάθημαιattributive ptc. (modifies ἄνθρωπον)→ durative presentκάθημαι: 'sit, be seated.'
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (place)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
τελώνιονtax-boothAccusativeobject of ἐπίτελώνιον: 'toll-house, tax-office'; the customs station, likely on the Capernaum trade road.
ΜαθθαῖονMatthewAccusativeobject complement / apposition to ἄνθρωπονΜαθθαῖος: 'Matthew' (Heb. Mattai, 'gift of YHWH'); the evangelist, named Levi in Mark/Luke.
λεγόμενονcalledPres Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · λέγωattributive ptc. (naming formula)→ durative presentλέγω: pass. 'be called, named.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ἀκολούθειfollowPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb (imperative)→ durative present imperative (ongoing discipleship)ἀκολουθέω: 'follow, accompany' (+ dat.); the technical verb of discipleship.
μοιmeDativedat. complement of ἀκολούθει
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναστὰςrisingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'; intransitive here — a decisive break with his trade.
ἠκολούθησενhe followedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; the instant obedience answering the call.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement
10

Καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ ἀνακειμένου ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, καὶ ἰδοὺ πολλοὶ τελῶναι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐλθόντες συνανέκειντο τῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ.

And it happened, as he was reclining at table in the house, that behold, many tax-collectors and sinners came and were reclining with Jesus and his disciples.

Setting / table-fellowshipΚαὶThe Septuagintal καὶ ἐγένετο stages a meal scene; table-fellowship with 'tax-collectors and sinners' is the provocation.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (impersonal, Septuagintism)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become, come to pass'; καὶ ἐγένετο renders the Hebrew wayĕhî narrative formula.
αὐτοῦas heGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)
ἀνακειμένουwas recliningPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἀνάκειμαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ durative presentἀνάκειμαι: 'recline at table'; the posture of a banquet.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
οἰκίᾳhouseDativedat. of placeοἰκία: 'house, home'; presumably Matthew's (cf. Luke 5:29).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (apodotic)
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'
πολλοὶmanyNominativeattributive adjectiveπολύς: 'many, much.'
τελῶναιtax-collectorsNominativesubjectτελώνης: 'tax-collector, publican'; despised as collaborators and extortioners.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἁμαρτωλοὶsinnersNominativesubject (coordinate)ἁμαρτωλός: 'sinner'; the religiously disreputable, outside Pharisaic purity.
ἐλθόντεςcameAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
συνανέκειντοwere reclining withImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · συνανάκειμαιmain verb→ descriptive imperfectσυνανάκειμαι: 'recline together at table' (σύν + ἀνάκειμαι); shared table = shared fellowship.
τῷwithDativearticle
ἸησοῦJesusDativedat. of association
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῖςtheDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativedat. of associationμαθητής: 'disciple, learner.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
11

καὶ ἰδόντες οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· διὰ τί μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν;

And seeing this, the Pharisees said to his disciples, 'Why does your teacher eat with the tax-collectors and sinners?'

ObjectionκαὶThe Pharisees' indirect challenge (put to the disciples) targets Jesus' scandalous table-fellowship as a breach of purity.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδόντεςseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
ΦαρισαῖοιPhariseesNominativesubjectΦαρισαῖος: 'Pharisee' (Aram. 'separated one'); the lay purity movement, Jesus' chief antagonists in Matthew.
ἔλεγονsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ inceptive/descriptive imperfectλέγω: 'say'; the imperfect of repeated muttering.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
διὰwhypreposition (in διὰ τί, 'why?')
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (διὰ τί = why)τίς: 'what?'; διὰ τί = 'on account of what, why?'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
τελωνῶνtax-collectorsGenitiveobject of μετάτελώνης: 'tax-collector.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersGenitiveobject of μετά (coordinate)ἁμαρτωλός: 'sinner.'
ἐσθίειeatPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (question)→ customary presentἐσθίω: 'eat'; shared meals signified acceptance and intimacy.
theNominativearticle
διδάσκαλοςteacherNominativesubjectδιδάσκαλος: 'teacher'; equivalent to Rabbi.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
12

ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας εἶπεν· οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ ἀλλ’ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες.

But hearing it he said, 'Those who are strong have no need of a physician, but those who are sick.'

Reply (proverb)δὲJesus answers with a commonplace proverb: a physician belongs with the sick — his association with sinners is precisely his mission, not a contamination.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun, ὁ δέ)
δὲbutadversative/developmental conjunction
ἀκούσαςhearingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: 'hear.'
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
οὐnotnegative particle
χρείανneedAccusativedirect object (χρείαν ἔχω idiom)χρεία: 'need, necessity'; χρείαν ἔχω = 'have need.'
ἔχουσινhavePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ gnomic presentἔχω: 'have.'
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἰσχύοντεςstrongPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἰσχύωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ durative presentἰσχύω: 'be strong, healthy'; 'the well.'
ἰατροῦof a physicianGenitivegenitive of need (object of χρείαν)ἰατρός: 'physician, healer.'
ἀλλ’butstrong adversative conjunctionἀλλά: 'but, rather.'
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
κακῶςbadlyadverb (modifies ἔχοντες)κακῶς: 'badly, ill'; κακῶς ἔχω = 'be sick.'
ἔχοντεςbeingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωsubstantival ptc. (the sick)→ durative presentἔχω: with κακῶς, 'be ill, fare badly.'
13

πορευθέντες δὲ μάθετε τί ἐστιν· ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν· οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς.

But go and learn what this means: 'I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.' For I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners.

Scriptural verdict / mission statementδὲJesus drives the rabbinic 'go and learn' home with Hosea 6:6 — God prizes mercy over cult — and states his programmatic purpose: to call sinners.
πορευθέντεςgoingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πορεύομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristπορεύομαι: 'go, proceed'; with μάθετε a rabbinic idiom, 'go and learn.'
δὲbutdevelopmental conjunction
μάθετεlearnAor Act Impv 2 Pl · μανθάνωmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeμανθάνω: 'learn'; the technical phrase ṣē ûlmad, 'go and study.'
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (indirect question)τίς: 'what?'
ἐστινmeansPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (indirect question)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; here 'what it means.'
ἔλεοςmercyAccusativedirect object of θέλωἔλεος: 'mercy, compassion'; LXX Hos 6:6 = Heb. ḥesed, covenant loyalty/kindness.
θέλωI desirePres Act Indic 1 Sg · θέλωmain verb (OT citation)→ stative presentθέλω: 'wish, desire, will.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐnotnegative particleοὐ: here a Semitic 'not-so-much-as,' a comparative negation ('mercy rather than sacrifice').
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object (negated)θυσία: 'sacrifice, offering'; the cultic system, not abolished but subordinated to mercy.
οὐnotnegative particle
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἦλθονI cameAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; an 'I came' mission-saying defining his purpose.
καλέσαιto callAor Act Inf · καλέωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call, summon, invite'; both the gospel summons and a banquet invitation.
δικαίουςrighteousAccusativeobject of καλέσαι (negated)δίκαιος: 'righteous, just'; ironic of the self-righteous who see no need.
ἀλλὰbutstrong adversative conjunction
ἁμαρτωλούςsinnersAccusativeobject of καλέσαιἁμαρτωλός: 'sinner'; those who know their need are the mission's object.
14

Τότε προσέρχονται αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου λέγοντες· διὰ τί ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύομεν πολλά, οἱ δὲ μαθηταί σου οὐ νηστεύουσιν;

Then the disciples of John come to him, saying, 'Why do we and the Pharisees fast much, but your disciples do not fast?'

New question / objectionΤότεA third challenge, now over fasting; John's disciples align with the Pharisees in pious rigor and find Jesus' circle lax.
Τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then, at that time'; a favorite Matthean connector.
προσέρχονταιcomePres Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)προσέρχομαι: 'approach, come to' (πρός + ἔρχομαι).
αὐτῷto himDativedat. complement
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple.'
Ἰωάννουof JohnGenitivegenitive of relationshipἸωάννης: 'John' (the Baptist); his ascetic movement still active.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
διὰwhypreposition (in διὰ τί, 'why?')
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (διὰ τί = why)τίς: 'what?'
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ΦαρισαῖοιPhariseesNominativesubject (coordinate)Φαρισαῖος: 'Pharisee.'
νηστεύομενfastPres Act Indic 1 Pl · νηστεύωmain verb (question)→ customary presentνηστεύω: 'fast, abstain from food'; Pharisees fasted twice weekly (cf. Luke 18:12).
πολλάmuch/oftenadverbial accusative (neut. pl.)πολύς: here adverbial, 'much, frequently.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutadversative conjunction
μαθηταίdisciplesNominativesubject
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
οὐnotnegative particle
νηστεύουσινfastPres Act Indic 3 Pl · νηστεύωmain verb→ customary presentνηστεύω: 'fast.'
15

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν ἐφ’ ὅσον μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ νυμφίος; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος, καὶ τότε νηστεύσουσιν.

And Jesus said to them, 'Can the wedding guests mourn while the bridegroom is with them? But days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast.'

Reply (wedding parable)καὶJesus' presence is a wedding feast — fasting is incongruous with the bridegroom there; a veiled passion-hint ('taken away') opens the way for later mourning.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
μὴ(not?)interrogative particle (expects 'no')μή: in a question expecting a negative answer — 'surely they cannot…?'
δύνανταιcanPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb (question)→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able, can.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubjectυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος, a Semitism for 'wedding guests, groomsmen.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
νυμφῶνοςbridal hallGenitiveattributive genitiveνυμφών: 'wedding-chamber/hall'; 'sons of the bridal hall' = the groom's attendants.
πενθεῖνto mournPres Act Inf · πενθέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative presentπενθέω: 'mourn, grieve'; here standing for the gloom of fasting.
ἐφ’as long aspreposition (ἐφ’ ὅσον, 'while')
ὅσον(as) longAccusativerelative (ἐφ’ ὅσον = 'so long as')ὅσος: 'as much/long as.'
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of μετά
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (temporal clause)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
νυμφίοςbridegroomNominativesubjectνυμφίος: 'bridegroom'; an OT image of God/Messiah with his people — Jesus claims it.
ἐλεύσονταιwill comeFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureἔρχομαι: 'come.'
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubjectἡμέρα: 'day'; 'days will come' — a prophetic idiom.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (+ subjunctive)ὅταν: 'whenever, when.'
ἀπαρθῇis taken awayAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀπαίρωsubjunctive (temporal clause)→ constative aoristἀπαίρω: 'take away, remove' (ἀπό + αἴρω); the passive veils the violent removal of the cross.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
theNominativearticle
νυμφίοςbridegroomNominativesubject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then.'
νηστεύσουσινthey will fastFut Act Indic 3 Pl · νηστεύωmain verb→ predictive futureνηστεύω: 'fast'; fasting will have its proper time in the bridegroom's absence.
16

οὐδεὶς δὲ ἐπιβάλλει ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ· αἴρει γὰρ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου καὶ χεῖρον σχίσμα γίνεται.

No one puts a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, for the patch tears away from the garment, and a worse tear results.

Parable (incompatibility)δὲFirst illustration: the new reality of the kingdom cannot be stitched onto the old order — the mismatch only worsens the rift.
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubjectοὐδείς: 'no one, nobody.'
δὲbut/nowdevelopmental conjunction
ἐπιβάλλειputs onPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb→ gnomic presentἐπιβάλλω: 'put/throw upon' (ἐπί + βάλλω).
ἐπίβλημαa patchAccusativedirect objectἐπίβλημα: 'patch, piece sewn on.'
ῥάκουςof clothGenitivegenitive of materialῥάκος: 'rag, piece of cloth.'
ἀγνάφουunshrunkGenitiveattributive adjectiveἄγναφος: 'unfulled, undressed' (α- + γνάπτω); new cloth that will shrink.
ἐπὶonpreposition + dative (place)
ἱματίῳgarmentDativeobject of ἐπίἱμάτιον: 'garment, cloak, robe.'
παλαιῷoldDativeattributive adjectiveπαλαιός: 'old, worn.'
αἴρειtears awayPres Act Indic 3 Sg · αἴρωmain verb→ gnomic presentαἴρω: 'lift, take away'; here the patch 'pulls away' the fabric.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle
πλήρωμαfullness/patchNominativesubjectπλήρωμα: 'that which fills'; here the filling-piece, the patch.
αὐτοῦof itGenitivegenitive of reference
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἱματίουgarmentGenitiveobject of ἀπό
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
χεῖρονworseNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)χείρων: 'worse'; comparative of κακός.
σχίσμαtearNominativesubjectσχίσμα: 'rent, split' (from σχίζω); cf. 'schism.'
γίνεταιresultsPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ gnomic presentγίνομαι: 'become, come about.'
17

οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται· ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται.

Neither do they put new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst, and the wine is spilled and the skins are ruined; but they put new wine into fresh skins, and both are preserved.

Parable (incompatibility, climactic)οὐδὲSecond illustration: the fermenting new wine of the kingdom needs new skins; the gospel cannot be contained by the old forms — yet rightly housed, 'both are preserved.'
οὐδὲneithernegative coordinating conjunctionοὐδέ: 'and not, neither.'
βάλλουσινdo they putPres Act Indic 3 Pl · βάλλωmain verb→ gnomic presentβάλλω: 'throw, put, pour.'
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect objectοἶνος: 'wine.'
νέονnewAccusativeattributive adjectiveνέος: 'new, young'; new in time — still fermenting.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἀσκοὺςskinsAccusativeobject of εἰςἀσκός: 'wineskin'; a goatskin bottle, brittle when old.
παλαιούςoldAccusativeattributive adjectiveπαλαιός: 'old.'
εἰifconjunction (εἰ δὲ μή γε, 'otherwise')
δὲbutconjunction (in idiom)
μήnotnegative (in idiom)εἰ δὲ μή γε: 'but if not, otherwise.'
γεindeedemphatic particle (in idiom)γε: emphasizing particle.
ῥήγνυνταιburstPres Pass Indic 3 Pl · ῥήγνυμιmain verb→ gnomic presentῥήγνυμι: 'break, burst, tear apart.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀσκοίskinsNominativesubjectἀσκός: 'wineskin.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
οἶνοςwineNominativesubject
ἐκχεῖταιis spilledPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐκχέωmain verb→ gnomic presentἐκχέω: 'pour out, spill' (ἐκ + χέω).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀσκοὶskinsNominativesubject
ἀπόλλυνταιare ruinedPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb→ gnomic presentἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, ruin'; mid. 'perish, be lost.'
ἀλλὰbutstrong adversative conjunction
βάλλουσινthey putPres Act Indic 3 Pl · βάλλωmain verb→ gnomic present
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect object
νέονnewAccusativeattributive adjective
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἀσκοὺςskinsAccusativeobject of εἰς
καινούςfreshAccusativeattributive adjectiveκαινός: 'new, fresh' (in quality/kind, vs. νέος in time); the new-covenant order.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubjectἀμφότεροι: 'both'; wine and skins together.
συντηροῦνταιare preservedPres Pass Indic 3 Pl · συντηρέωmain verb→ gnomic presentσυντηρέω: 'preserve, keep safe together' (σύν + τηρέω).
18

Ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος αὐτοῖς, ἰδοὺ ἄρχων εἷς ἐλθὼν προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λέγων ὅτι ἡ θυγάτηρ μου ἄρτι ἐτελεύτησεν· ἀλλὰ ἐλθὼν ἐπίθες τὴν χεῖρά σου ἐπ’ αὐτήν, καὶ ζήσεται.

While he was saying these things to them, behold, a ruler came and knelt before him, saying, 'My daughter has just now died; but come and lay your hand on her, and she will live.'

New episode / petition (intercalation)asyndetonA genitive-absolute hinge launches the twin healings; the ruler's plea voices an audacious faith — a touch can reverse even death.
Ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of λαλοῦντοςοὗτος: 'this'; neut. pl. 'these things.'
αὐτοῦas heGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)
λαλοῦντοςwas sayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ concurrent presentλαλέω: 'speak, say.'
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'
ἄρχωνa rulerNominativesubjectἄρχων: 'ruler, official'; a synagogue leader (Mark names him Jairus).
εἷςa certainNominativeattributive (εἷς as indefinite, 'a')εἷς: 'one'; here functioning as an indefinite article.
ἐλθὼνcameAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
προσεκύνειknelt beforeImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · προσκυνέωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectπροσκυνέω: 'bow down, do homage, worship'; prostration in supplication.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement of προσκυνέω
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
ὅτιthatcomplementizer (ὅτι recitativum)ὅτι: here introducing direct speech.
theNominativearticle
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativesubjectθυγάτηρ: 'daughter.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἄρτιjust nowtemporal adverbἄρτι: 'now, just now.'
ἐτελεύτησενhas diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τελευτάωmain verb→ constative aoristτελευτάω: 'come to an end, die'; Matthew (unlike Mark) reports her already dead.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
ἐλθὼνcomeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance w/ imperative)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
ἐπίθεςlayAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon, lay on' (ἐπί + τίθημι); the laying-on of the healing hand.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
χεῖράhandAccusativedirect objectχείρ: 'hand.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐπ’onpreposition + accusative (place)
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of ἐπί
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (result)
ζήσεταιshe will liveFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ predictive futureζάω: 'live, be alive'; here = revive, return to life.
19

καὶ ἐγερθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.

And rising, Jesus followed him, and so did his disciples.

Response / journeyκαὶJesus rises and goes — the narrative momentum that the hemorrhaging woman will interrupt.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγερθεὶςrisingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐγείρωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; pass. 'rise.'
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ἠκολούθησενfollowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow, accompany' (+ dat.).
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject (compound w/ ὁ Ἰησοῦς)μαθητής: 'disciple.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
20

Καὶ ἰδοὺ γυνὴ αἱμορροοῦσα δώδεκα ἔτη προσελθοῦσα ὄπισθεν ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ·

And behold, a woman who had suffered a hemorrhage for twelve years came up behind him and touched the fringe of his garment;

Interruption (inserted healing)ΚαὶThe intercalated story: an unclean, desperate woman approaches by stealth from behind, touching only the tassel.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'
γυνὴa womanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman.'
αἱμορροοῦσαhemorrhagingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · αἱμορροέωattributive ptc. (modifies γυνή)→ durative presentαἱμορροέω: 'suffer a flow of blood' (αἷμα + ῥέω); a chronic, ritually defiling condition (Lev 15).
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the duration echoes the girl's twelve years (Mark/Luke).
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration of timeἔτος: 'year.'
προσελθοῦσαcoming upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · προσέρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristπροσέρχομαι: 'approach, come to.'
ὄπισθενfrom behindadverb (place)ὄπισθεν: 'behind, from behind'; her furtive approach.
ἥψατοtouchedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἅπτωmain verb→ constative aoristἅπτω: mid. ἅπτομαι 'touch, take hold of' (+ gen.).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
κρασπέδουfringeGenitivegenitive object of ἥψατοκράσπεδον: 'edge, tassel'; the ṣîṣîṯ commanded in Num 15:38–39.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἱματίουgarmentGenitivegenitive of source/wholeἱμάτιον: 'garment, cloak.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
21

ἔλεγεν γὰρ ἐν ἑαυτῇ· ἐὰν μόνον ἅψωμαι τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ σωθήσομαι.

for she was saying to herself, 'If I only touch his garment, I will be healed.'

Inner motive (faith)γὰρThe narrator discloses the faith behind the touch: a confident conditional — even contact with the cloak suffices to save.
ἔλεγενshe was sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ iterative/descriptive imperfectλέγω: 'say'; the imperfect of her repeated inner resolve.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐνwithinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ἑαυτῇherselfDativereflexive pronoun (inwardly)ἑαυτοῦ: 'herself'; ἐν ἑαυτῇ = 'to herself.'
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)ἐάν: 'if'; a third-class condition of expectation.
μόνονonlyadverb (limiting)μόνος: 'only, alone'; even the slightest contact.
ἅψωμαιI touchAor Mid Subj 1 Sg · ἅπτωsubjunctive (protasis)→ constative aoristἅπτομαι: 'touch' (+ gen.).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἱματίουgarmentGenitivegenitive object of ἅψωμαιἱμάτιον: 'garment.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
σωθήσομαιI will be healedFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · σῴζωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureσῴζω: 'save, heal, make whole'; the verb spans physical cure and salvation.
22

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς στραφεὶς καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτὴν εἶπεν· θάρσει, θύγατερ· ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε. καὶ ἐσώθη ἡ γυνὴ ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης.

But Jesus, turning and seeing her, said, 'Take heart, daughter; your faith has healed you.' And the woman was healed from that hour.

Pronouncement / cureδὲJesus turns the secret touch into an open encounter; her faith, not magic, is the channel — and the cure is instantaneous.
Nominativearticle
δὲbutdevelopmental conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
στραφεὶςturningAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · στρέφωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristστρέφω: 'turn'; pass. 'turn oneself around.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object of ἰδών
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
θάρσειtake heartPres Act Impv 2 Sg · θαρσέωmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive present imperativeθαρσέω: 'be of good courage' (cf. v.2).
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative of addressθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; a tender address that names her into the family of faith.
theNominativearticle
πίστιςfaithNominativesubjectπίστις: 'faith, trust.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
σέσωκένhas healedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ consummative perfect (abiding result)σῴζω: 'save, heal'; the perfect stresses the now-settled wholeness.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐσώθηwas healedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ constative aoristσῴζω: 'save, heal.'
theNominativearticle
γυνὴwomanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman.'
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal source)
τῆςthatGenitivearticle
ὥραςhourGenitiveobject of ἀπόὥρα: 'hour, time'; 'from that hour' marks the instantaneous cure.
ἐκείνηςthatGenitivedemonstrative adjectiveἐκεῖνος: 'that.'
23

καὶ ἐλθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἄρχοντος καὶ ἰδὼν τοὺς αὐλητὰς καὶ τὸν ὄχλον θορυβούμενον

And when Jesus came into the ruler's house and saw the flute-players and the crowd making a commotion,

Resumed episode / settingκαὶThe main story resumes at the ruler's house, where the professional mourners' din sets the stage for Jesus' counter-claim.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλθὼνcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἄρχοντοςrulerGenitivegenitive of possessionἄρχων: 'ruler, official.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
αὐλητὰςflute-playersAccusativedirect object of ἰδώναὐλητής: 'flute-player'; hired mourners; even the poorest funeral required pipers.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativedirect object (coordinate)ὄχλος: 'crowd.'
θορυβούμενονin commotionPres Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · θορυβέωattributive ptc. (modifies ὄχλον)→ durative presentθορυβέω: 'make an uproar, be in tumult'; the noisy ritual wailing.
24

ἔλεγεν· ἀναχωρεῖτε, οὐ γὰρ ἀπέθανεν τὸ κοράσιον ἀλλὰ καθεύδει. καὶ κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ.

he said, 'Go away, for the girl has not died but is sleeping.' And they laughed at him.

Pronouncement / scornasyndetonJesus redefines death as sleep — a claim met with derisive laughter, the foil that magnifies the miracle to follow.
ἔλεγενhe saidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectλέγω: 'say.'
ἀναχωρεῖτεgo awayPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀναχωρέωmain verb (imperative)→ durative present imperativeἀναχωρέω: 'withdraw, depart' (ἀνά + χωρέω).
οὐnotnegative particle
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἀπέθανενhas diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die.'
τὸtheNominativearticle
κοράσιονgirlNominativesubjectκοράσιον: 'little girl, maiden'; diminutive of κόρη.
ἀλλὰbutstrong adversative conjunction
καθεύδειis sleepingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · καθεύδωmain verb→ descriptive presentκαθεύδω: 'sleep'; a euphemism for death from Jesus' vantage — death is not final.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατεγέλωνthey laughed atImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · καταγελάωmain verb→ descriptive imperfectκαταγελάω: 'laugh at, deride' (κατά + γελάω, + gen.); their certainty she was dead.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of καταγελάω
25

ὅτε δὲ ἐξεβλήθη ὁ ὄχλος, εἰσελθὼν ἐκράτησεν τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ ἠγέρθη τὸ κοράσιον.

But when the crowd had been put out, he went in and took her by the hand, and the girl arose.

Miracle (climax)δὲWith the scoffers cleared, a simple grasp of the hand raises the dead girl — the raising verb (ἠγέρθη) anticipating resurrection language.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunctionὅτε: 'when.'
δὲbutdevelopmental conjunction
ἐξεβλήθηhad been put outAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb (temporal clause)→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast out, drive out' (ἐκ + βάλλω); the mourners are expelled.
theNominativearticle
ὄχλοςcrowdNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd.'
εἰσελθὼνgoing inAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εἰσέρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in.'
ἐκράτησενtook hold ofAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρατέωmain verb→ constative aoristκρατέω: 'seize, grasp, take hold of' (+ gen.).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκράτησενχείρ: 'hand'; touching a corpse, far from defiling Jesus, imparts life.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠγέρθηaroseAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'raise'; pass. 'be raised, rise'; the resurrection word.
τὸtheNominativearticle
κοράσιονgirlNominativesubjectκοράσιον: 'little girl.'
26

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἡ φήμη αὕτη εἰς ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην.

And the report of this went out into all that region.

Summary / reportκαὶThe episode closes with the spreading fame — a recurring Matthean note tracing Jesus' growing renown.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out, spread' (ἐκ + ἔρχομαι).
theNominativearticle
φήμηreportNominativesubjectφήμη: 'report, fame, rumor.'
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative adjectiveοὗτος: 'this.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (extent)
ὅληνallAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, all.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνregionAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ: 'land, region.'
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjectiveἐκεῖνος: 'that.'
27

Καὶ παράγοντι ἐκεῖθεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ δύο τυφλοὶ κράζοντες καὶ λέγοντες· ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς, υἱὸς Δαυίδ.

And as Jesus passed on from there, two blind men followed him, crying out and saying, 'Have mercy on us, Son of David!'

New episode / appealΚαὶTwo blind men hail Jesus with the messianic title 'Son of David' — sightless, yet seeing who he is.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παράγοντιpassing onPres Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · παράγωadverbial ptc. (temporal, agreeing w/ τῷ Ἰησοῦ)→ concurrent presentπαράγω: 'pass by, go along.'
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb (place)ἐκεῖθεν: 'from there.'
τῷDativearticle
ἸησοῦJesusDativedat. (complement of ἠκολούθησαν)
ἠκολούθησανfollowedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: 'follow' (+ dat.).
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement (resumptive)
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable)δύο: 'two.'
τυφλοὶblind menNominativesubjectτυφλός: 'blind (one).'
κράζοντεςcrying outPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κράζωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentκράζω: 'cry out, shout.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
ἐλέησονhave mercy onAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐλεέωmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐλεέω: 'show mercy, pity' (+ acc.).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object
υἱὸςSonNominativevocative (nom. for voc.) of addressυἱός: 'son'; υἱὸς Δαυίδ, the Davidic-messianic title prominent in Matthew.
Δαυίδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Δαυίδ: David; the messianic ancestry.
28

ἐλθόντι δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ τυφλοί, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι; λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· ναί, κύριε.

And when he had come into the house, the blind men came to him, and Jesus says to them, 'Do you believe that I am able to do this?' They say to him, 'Yes, Lord.'

Examination of faithδὲIndoors, away from the crowd, Jesus probes the necessary condition — faith in his power — and they confess it.
ἐλθόντιhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (temporal, agreeing w/ αὐτῷ)→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
δὲbut/anddevelopmental conjunction
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house.'
προσῆλθονcame toAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπροσέρχομαι: 'approach, come to.'
αὐτῷhimDativedat. complement
οἱtheNominativearticle
τυφλοίblind menNominativesubjectτυφλός: 'blind.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
πιστεύετεdo you believePres Act Indic 2 Pl · πιστεύωmain verb (question)→ descriptive presentπιστεύω: 'believe, trust.'
ὅτιthatcomplementizer (content)
δύναμαιI am ablePres Mid Indic 1 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (content clause)→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able.'
τοῦτοthisAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαιοὗτος: 'this.'
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (of δύναμαι)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do, make.'
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ναίyesaffirmative particleναί: 'yes, indeed.'
κύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: 'Lord, sir'; here at least respectful, likely confessional.
29

τότε ἥψατο τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν λέγων· κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν.

Then he touched their eyes, saying, 'According to your faith let it be done to you.'

Healing wordτότεThe cure is granted in proportion to faith — 'according to your faith' — by touch and word together.
τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then.'
ἥψατοhe touchedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἅπτωmain verb→ constative aoristἅπτομαι: 'touch' (+ gen.).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesGenitivegenitive object of ἥψατοὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/measure)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πίστινfaithAccusativeobject of κατά (measure)πίστις: 'faith.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
γενηθήτωlet it be doneAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeγίνομαι: 'become, come to pass'; a creative word of command.
ὑμῖνto youDativedat. of advantage
30

καὶ ἠνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί. καὶ ἐνεβριμήθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· ὁρᾶτε μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω.

And their eyes were opened. And Jesus sternly charged them, saying, 'See that no one knows it.'

Cure / secrecy commandκαὶThe eyes open at once; Jesus then issues a stern command to silence — the messianic secret motif.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠνεῴχθησανwere openedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀνοίγωmain verb→ constative aoristἀνοίγω: 'open'; of eyes — sight restored.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμοίeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνεβριμήθηsternly chargedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐμβριμάομαιmain verb (dep., + dat.)→ constative aoristἐμβριμάομαι: 'be deeply moved, charge sternly, scold'; an emphatic warning.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedat. complement
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
ὁρᾶτεsee (to it)Pres Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (imperative)→ durative present imperativeὁράω: 'see'; here 'take care, see to it.'
μηδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of γινωσκέτωμηδείς: 'no one.'
γινωσκέτωlet knowPres Act Impv 3 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (3rd-person imperative)→ durative present imperativeγινώσκω: 'know, come to know.'
31

οἱ δὲ ἐξελθόντες διεφήμισαν αὐτὸν ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ γῇ ἐκείνῃ.

But they went out and spread the news about him through all that region.

Disregard / proclamationδὲThe men disobey the silence-command; their irrepressible witness spreads his fame, ironically echoing v.26.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun, οἱ δέ)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἐξελθόντεςgoing outAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ antecedent aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
διεφήμισανspread the newsAor Act Indic 3 Pl · διαφημίζωmain verb→ constative aoristδιαφημίζω: 'spread abroad, publicize' (διά + φήμη).
αὐτὸνabout himAccusativedirect object
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὅλῃallDativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, all.'
τῇtheDativearticle
γῇregionDativedat. of place/sphereγῆ: 'land, region.'
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative adjectiveἐκεῖνος: 'that.'
32

Αὐτῶν δὲ ἐξερχομένων ἰδοὺ προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν δαιμονιζόμενον.

As they were going out, behold, a mute, demon-possessed man was brought to him.

New episode / presentationδὲA genitive-absolute hinge ushers in the final healing: a demonized mute, whose silence the exorcism will break.
Αὐτῶνas theyGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
ἐξερχομένωνwere going outPres Mid Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ concurrent presentἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'
προσήνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb (impersonal 'they')→ constative aoristπροσφέρω: 'bring to, present.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ἄνθρωπονa manAccusativedirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'man.'
κωφὸνmuteAccusativeattributive adjectiveκωφός: 'mute, deaf'; here speechless.
δαιμονιζόμενονdemon-possessedPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · δαιμονίζομαιattributive ptc. (modifies ἄνθρωπον)→ durative presentδαιμονίζομαι: 'be demon-possessed'; the muteness is demonic in cause.
33

καὶ ἐκβληθέντος τοῦ δαιμονίου ἐλάλησεν ὁ κωφός. καὶ ἐθαύμασαν οἱ ὄχλοι λέγοντες· οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως ἐν τῷ Ἰσραήλ.

And when the demon had been cast out, the mute man spoke. And the crowds marveled, saying, 'Never was anything like this seen in Israel.'

Exorcism / crowd's wonderκαὶThe demon out, speech returns; the crowds' acclamation — unprecedented 'in Israel' — sets up the Pharisees' contrasting verdict.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκβληθέντοςhaving been cast outAor Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · ἐκβάλλωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast out, drive out.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
δαιμονίουdemonGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)δαιμόνιον: 'demon, evil spirit.'
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ ingressive aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; ingressive — 'began to speak.'
theNominativearticle
κωφόςmute manNominativesubject (substantival adj.)κωφός: 'mute (one).'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐθαύμασανmarveledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θαυμάζωmain verb→ ingressive aoristθαυμάζω: 'wonder, marvel.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd.'
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ concurrent presentλέγω: 'say.'
οὐδέποτεnevertemporal adverb (negative)οὐδέποτε: 'never.'
ἐφάνηwas seenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristφαίνω: 'appear, be seen'; 'nothing like it ever appeared.'
οὕτωςthus/like thisadverb of mannerοὕτως: 'thus, in this way.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἸσραήλIsraelDativedat. of place (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel; the covenant people, the proper horizon of such wonders.
34

οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον· ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια.

But the Pharisees said, 'By the prince of demons he casts out the demons.'

Hostile counter-verdictδὲAgainst the crowd's awe, the Pharisees ascribe the exorcism to Satanic power — the charge that will be expanded at 12:24.
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ΦαρισαῖοιPhariseesNominativesubjectΦαρισαῖος: 'Pharisee.'
ἔλεγονsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectλέγω: 'say.'
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means/agency)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἄρχοντιprinceDativedat. of means/agencyἄρχων: 'ruler, prince'; ὁ ἄρχων τῶν δαιμονίων = Beelzebul/Satan.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
δαιμονίωνdemonsGenitivepartitive/subordinate genitiveδαιμόνιον: 'demon.'
ἐκβάλλειhe casts outPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb→ descriptive presentἐκβάλλω: 'cast out.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect objectδαιμόνιον: 'demon.'
35

Καὶ περιῆγεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς πόλεις πάσας καὶ τὰς κώμας διδάσκων ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν καὶ κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας καὶ θεραπεύων πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν.

And Jesus went about all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction.

Summary statement (inclusio)ΚαὶA near-verbatim echo of 4:23 frames Jesus' Galilean ministry (teaching, preaching, healing) and pivots toward the mission discourse of ch. 10.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιῆγενwent aboutImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · περιάγωmain verb→ iterative/customary imperfectπεριάγω: 'go around, travel about' (περί + ἄγω).
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
πόλειςtownsAccusativedirect objectπόλις: 'city, town.'
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all, every.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
κώμαςvillagesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)κώμη: 'village.'
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωadverbial ptc. (manner/means)→ concurrent presentδιδάσκω: 'teach.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
συναγωγαῖςsynagoguesDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue, assembly.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κηρύσσωνproclaimingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κηρύσσωadverbial ptc. (manner/means)→ concurrent presentκηρύσσω: 'proclaim, herald.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
εὐαγγέλιονgospelAccusativedirect object of κηρύσσωνεὐαγγέλιον: 'good news, gospel.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
βασιλείαςkingdomGenitiveobjective/descriptive genitiveβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; the kingdom of heaven, central to Jesus' preaching.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θεραπεύωνhealingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · θεραπεύωadverbial ptc. (manner/means)→ concurrent presentθεραπεύω: 'heal, cure, serve.'
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all, every.'
νόσονdiseaseAccusativedirect object of θεραπεύωννόσος: 'disease, sickness.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
μαλακίανafflictionAccusativedirect object (coordinate)μαλακία: 'weakness, infirmity, sickness.'
36

Ἰδὼν δὲ τοὺς ὄχλους ἐσπλαγχνίσθη περὶ αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἦσαν ἐσκυλμένοι καὶ ἐρριμμένοι ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα.

And seeing the crowds, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.

Motivation (compassion)δὲJesus' visceral compassion sees the crowds as a leaderless flock — the shepherdless-sheep image (Num 27:17; Ezek 34) grounds the harvest call.
ἸδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal/causal)→ antecedent aoristὁράω: 'see.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλουςcrowdsAccusativedirect object of Ἰδώνὄχλος: 'crowd.'
ἐσπλαγχνίσθηwas moved with compassionAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σπλαγχνίζομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristσπλαγχνίζομαι: 'be moved in the inward parts, feel compassion'; from σπλάγχνα, the bowels as seat of pity.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of περί
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: 'be'; periphrastic with the participles.
ἐσκυλμένοιharassedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · σκύλλωpredicate ptc. (periphrastic w/ ἦσαν)→ intensive perfect (settled state)σκύλλω: 'flay, harass, wear out'; perf. 'worn down, distressed.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐρριμμένοιhelplessPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ῥίπτωpredicate ptc. (periphrastic w/ ἦσαν)→ intensive perfect (settled state)ῥίπτω: 'throw down, cast aside'; perf. 'thrown down, prostrate, abandoned.'
ὡσεὶlikecomparative particleὡσεί: 'as, like, about.'
πρόβαταsheepNominativepredicate (comparison)πρόβατον: 'sheep.'
μὴnotnegative particle (w/ ptc.)
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Neut · ἔχωattributive ptc. (modifies πρόβατα)→ durative presentἔχω: 'have.'
ποιμέναa shepherdAccusativedirect object of ἔχονταποιμήν: 'shepherd'; Israel's leaders have failed (Ezek 34), so Jesus shepherds.
37

τότε λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι·

Then he says to his disciples, 'The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few;

Saying (harvest)τότεThe compassion issues in a harvest-saying: a vast, ripe field (the eschatological ingathering) but too few workers.
τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then.'
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present
τοῖςto theDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect objectμαθητής: 'disciple.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
theNominativearticle
μὲνindeedparticle (μέν … δέ correlation)μέν: correlative with δέ — 'on the one hand … on the other.'
θερισμὸςharvestNominativesubjectθερισμός: 'harvest, reaping'; an image of eschatological ingathering.
πολύςplentifulNominativepredicate adjectiveπολύς: 'much, great.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutadversative conjunction (answers μέν)
ἐργάταιlaborersNominativesubjectἐργάτης: 'worker, laborer.'
ὀλίγοιfewNominativepredicate adjectiveὀλίγος: 'few, little.'
38

δεήθητε οὖν τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ ὅπως ἐκβάλῃ ἐργάτας εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ.

therefore pray the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into his harvest.'

Exhortation (inference)οὖνThe inference: prayer to the harvest's Lord is the means of supplying workers — preparing the very mission of the Twelve in ch. 10.
δεήθητεprayAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · δέομαιmain verb (imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeδέομαι: 'beg, entreat, pray' (+ gen. of person).
οὖνthereforeinferential conjunctionοὖν: 'therefore, then.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivegenitive object of δεήθητεκύριος: 'Lord, master'; the harvest's owner — God.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
θερισμοῦharvestGenitivegenitive of subordinationθερισμός: 'harvest.'
ὅπωςto/thatpurpose conjunction (+ subjunctive)ὅπως: 'that, in order that.'
ἐκβάλῃhe send outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωsubjunctive (purpose)→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast out, send out, thrust forth'; a vigorous 'drive out' into the field.
ἐργάταςlaborersAccusativedirect object of ἐκβάλῃἐργάτης: 'worker, laborer.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θερισμὸνharvestAccusativeobject of εἰςθερισμός: 'harvest.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession