Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 19ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΙΘ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Μετὰ ταῦτα ἤκουσα ὡς φωνὴν μεγάλην ὄχλου πολλοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ λεγόντων· Ἁλληλουϊά· ἡ σωτηρία καὶ ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν,

After these things I heard what was like a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, "Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God,

Vision-transitionΜετὰ ταῦταThe Apocalypse's recurring scene-shift formula 'after these things' opens the heavenly liturgy answering chs. 17–18; ὡς ('as it were') marks visionary approximation, and the masculine participle λεγόντων agrees ad sensum with the people composing the ὄχλος.
Μετὰafterpreposition (temporal) governing ταῦτα (acc.)μετά + acc.: temporal 'after'; with ταῦτα a stock Johannine transition (Rev 4:1; 7:1, 9).
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετά (neut. pl.)οὗτος: anaphoric, the preceding judgment scene of Babylon (chs. 17–18).
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ aoristic: the seer's punctiliar act of perception, framing the visionἀκούω: to hear; the dominant verb of the auditory visions of Revelation.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle of approximationὡς: 'as it were,' softening the description to visionary likeness, not exact identification.
φωνὴνvoice / soundAccusativeobject of ἤκουσαφωνή: voice, sound; here the corporate acclamation of heaven.
μεγάληνloud / greatAccusativeattributive adjective modifying φωνήνμέγας: great; of sound, 'loud.'
ὄχλουof a multitudeGenitivegenitive of source/possession with φωνήνὄχλος: crowd, multitude; cf. the innumerable throng of 7:9.
πολλοῦgreat / numerousGenitiveattributive adjective modifying ὄχλουπολύς: many, great; reinforces the immensity of the heavenly chorus.
ἐνinpreposition (locative) governing τῷ οὐρανῷἐν + dat.: spatial location.
τῷtheDativearticle with οὐρανῷ
οὐρανῷheavenDativeobject of ἐν (locative)οὐρανός: heaven, the locus of the worshiping throng.
λεγόντωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple agreeing with ὄχλου ad sensum (constructio ad sensum)→ imperfective: introduces the ongoing acclamation; masc. by sense, not grammatical concord with neut./masc. ὄχλουλέγω: the standard verb introducing direct speech in the visions.
ἉλληλουϊάHallelujahliturgical interjection (transliterated Hebrew)Ἁλληλουϊά: transliterated הַלְלוּ־יָהּ, 'praise Yah'; an indeclinable liturgical cry, found in the NT only here (vv.1, 3, 4, 6).
theNominativearticle with σωτηρία
σωτηρίαsalvationNominativesubject (nominal acclamation; copula understood, 'belongs to')σωτηρία: salvation, deliverance; the first member of the threefold ascription.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: links the members of the acclamation.
theNominativearticle with δόξα
δόξαgloryNominativesubject (acclamation)δόξα: glory, honor.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
theNominativearticle with δύναμις
δύναμιςpowerNominativesubject (acclamation)δύναμις: power, might; the third member of the ascription.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of possession (the acclamation belongs to God)θεός: God, to whom salvation, glory, and power are ascribed.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) modifying θεοῦἐγώ: 'our God,' the covenant relation of the worshiping host.
2

ὅτι ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις αὐτοῦ· ὅτι ἔκρινεν τὴν πόρνην τὴν μεγάλην ἥτις ἔφθειρεν τὴν γῆν ἐν τῇ πορνείᾳ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς.

for true and righteous are his judgments, because he has judged the great harlot who corrupted the earth with her immorality, and he has avenged the blood of his servants at her hand."

GroundὅτιTwo causal ὅτι clauses ground the Hallelujah: the general principle (his judgments are true and righteous) and its concrete instance (he judged Babylon and avenged his servants' blood), echoing Deut 32:43 and the cry of the altar-souls in 6:10.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (grounds the acclamation)ὅτι: 'for, because'; introduces the reason for praise.
ἀληθιναὶtrueNominativepredicate adjective with κρίσειςἀληθινός: true, genuine; God's verdicts correspond to reality.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
δίκαιαιrighteousNominativepredicate adjective with κρίσειςδίκαιος: just, righteous; cf. 16:7, 'true and righteous are your judgments.'
αἱtheNominativearticle with κρίσεις
κρίσειςjudgmentsNominativesubjectκρίσις: judgment, verdict (pl.).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with κρίσειςαὐτός: of God.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (second ground, the concrete instance)ὅτι.
ἔκρινενhe judgedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρίνωmain verb of the ὅτι clause→ aoristic: the decisive judicial act against Babylonκρίνω: to judge, condemn; here a sentence of condemnation.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with πόρνην
πόρνηνharlotAccusativedirect object of ἔκρινενπόρνη: prostitute; the symbolic Babylon of ch. 17.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive) with μεγάλην
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective modifying πόρνηνμέγας: 'the great harlot,' epithet of Babylon (17:1).
ἥτιςwhoNominativerelative pronoun, subject of ἔφθειρεν (qualitative 'such as')ὅστις: indefinite/qualitative relative, 'who indeed.'
ἔφθειρενcorruptedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φθείρωverb of the relative clause→ imperfective (past): her habitual corrupting of the earthφθείρω: to ruin, corrupt, destroy morally.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with γῆν
γῆνearthAccusativeobject of ἔφθειρενγῆ: earth, its inhabitants.
ἐνwith / bypreposition (instrumental/manner) governing πορνείᾳἐν + dat.: means.
τῇtheDativearticle with πορνείᾳ
πορνείᾳimmoralityDativeobject of ἐν (means)πορνεία: sexual immorality; here figurative idolatry and seduction.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with πορνείᾳαὐτός: of the harlot.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (second main verb)καί.
ἐξεδίκησενhe avengedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκδικέωsecond main verb (coordinate with ἔκρινεν)→ aoristic: the act of vindicationἐκδικέω: to avenge, vindicate; answers the martyrs' plea of 6:10.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with αἷμα
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐξεδίκησεναἷμα: blood; here the martyrs' shed blood.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with δούλων
δούλωνservantsGenitivegenitive (possession/relation) with αἷμαδοῦλος: slave, servant; God's people, esp. the prophets and martyrs.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with δούλωναὐτός: of God.
ἐκfrom / atpreposition (separation/source) governing χειρόςἐκ + gen.: 'from the hand of,' a Hebraic idiom for 'at the hand of.'
χειρὸςhandGenitiveobject of ἐκχείρ: hand; idiom for agency/responsibility.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with χειρόςαὐτός: of the harlot.
3

καὶ δεύτερον εἴρηκαν· Ἁλληλουϊά· καὶ ὁ καπνὸς αὐτῆς ἀναβαίνει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

And a second time they said, "Hallelujah! Her smoke goes up forever and ever."

ContinuationκαὶThe second Hallelujah; the perfect εἴρηκαν ('they have said') has aoristic force in Revelation's idiom. Her rising smoke (Isa 34:10) marks the permanence of Babylon's ruin.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: the Apocalypse's paratactic narrative connector.
δεύτερονa second timeAccusativeadverbial accusative (of time/sequence)δεύτερος: second; neut. as adverb, 'a second time.'
εἴρηκανthey saidPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγω (εἶπον/ἐρῶ)main verb→ perfect with aoristic force (dramatic perfect in Revelation's narrative idiom)λέγω/ἐρῶ: perfect εἴρηκα, 'have said'; here narrating the renewed acclamation.
ἉλληλουϊάHallelujahliturgical interjectionἉλληλουϊά: see v.1; the second of four.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
theNominativearticle with καπνός
καπνὸςsmokeNominativesubject of ἀναβαίνεικαπνός: smoke; image of irreversible destruction (Isa 34:10; Gen 19:28).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with καπνόςαὐτός: of Babylon.
ἀναβαίνειgoes upPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ imperfective: the perpetually ascending smoke, vividly ongoingἀναβαίνω: to go up, ascend.
εἰςinto / forpreposition (extent of time) governing αἰῶναςεἰς + acc.: in the temporal idiom 'unto the ages.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with αἰῶνας
αἰῶναςagesAccusativeobject of εἰςαἰών: age; the doubled formula = 'forever and ever.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with αἰώνων
αἰώνωνagesGenitivegenitive (Hebraic intensive) with αἰῶναςαἰών: the superlative idiom 'unto the ages of the ages.'
4

καὶ ἔπεσαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες καὶ τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷ τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ λέγοντες· Ἀμήν, Ἁλληλουϊά.

And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sits on the throne, saying, "Amen! Hallelujah!"

ResponseκαὶThe heavenly throne-council (4:4, 6) responds to the angelic chorus with prostration and the sealing 'Amen, Hallelujah' — affirming and joining the praise.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἔπεσανfell downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πίπτωmain verb→ aoristic: the act of prostrationπίπτω: to fall; here in worship (cf. 4:10; 5:8).
οἱtheNominativearticle with πρεσβύτεροι
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubject of ἔπεσαν / προσεκύνησανπρεσβύτερος: elder; the twenty-four enthroned around God (4:4).
οἱtheNominativearticle (attributive) with εἴκοσι τέσσαρες
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable cardinal numeral modifying πρεσβύτεροιεἴκοσι: indeclinable numeral 'twenty.'
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (declinable) modifying πρεσβύτεροιτέσσαρες: 'four'; with εἴκοσι, the twenty-four elders.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τὰtheNominativearticle with ζῷα
τέσσαραfourNominativecardinal numeral (neut.) modifying ζῷατέσσαρες: four; with ζῷα the four living creatures (4:6).
ζῷαliving creaturesNominativesubject (coordinate with πρεσβύτεροι)ζῷον: living being; the cherubic four around the throne.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
προσεκύνησανworshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωsecond main verb (coordinate with ἔπεσαν)→ aoristic: the act of worshipπροσκυνέω: to do obeisance, worship; the proper object is God alone (cf. v.10).
τῷtheDativearticle with θεῷ
θεῷGodDativeindirect object / dative of προσκυνέωθεός: God, the object of worship.
τῷthe (one)Dativearticle (substantizing the participle) with καθημένῳ
καθημένῳsittingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle in apposition to θεῷ ('the one sitting')→ imperfective/stative: the enthroned God permanently seatedκάθημαι: to sit; 'the one seated on the throne,' a divine title throughout Revelation (4:2; 5:1).
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τῷ θρόνῳἐπί + dat.: 'upon, on.'
τῷtheDativearticle with θρόνῳ
θρόνῳthroneDativeobject of ἐπί (locative)θρόνος: throne; the central image of God's sovereign rule.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of manner agreeing with the compound subject→ imperfective: introduces the acclamation accompanying the worshipλέγω: introduces the direct acclamation.
ἈμήνAmenliturgical affirmation (transliterated Hebrew interjection)ἀμήν: 'truly, so be it'; indeclinable Hebraism affirming the preceding praise.
ἉλληλουϊάHallelujahliturgical interjectionἉλληλουϊά: the third of the four; here joined to Amen.
5

καὶ φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου ἐξῆλθεν λέγουσα· Αἰνεῖτε τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ, οἱ φοβούμενοι αὐτόν, οἱ μικροὶ καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι.

And a voice came from the throne, saying, "Praise our God, all you his servants, you who fear him, the small and the great."

SummonsκαὶA throne-voice (probably an angel or one of the living creatures, not God himself, who is spoken of in the 3rd person) summons all God's servants to praise — echoing Ps 113:1 and 135:1 (LXX αἰνεῖτε). The imperative αἰνεῖτε with the dative τῷ θεῷ is a Septuagintism.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
φωνὴvoiceNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθενφωνή: voice; here issuing from the throne-region.
ἀπὸfrompreposition (source) governing τοῦ θρόνουἀπό + gen.: source, origin.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with θρόνου
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἀπόθρόνος: the throne; source of the summons.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ aoristic: the voice's going-forthἐξέρχομαι: to go out, come forth.
λέγουσαsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · λέγωparticiple agreeing with φωνή (fem.)→ imperfective: introduces the summonsλέγω: introduces direct speech.
ΑἰνεῖτεpraisePres Act Impv 2 Pl · αἰνέωimperative (with LXX-style dative complement)→ imperfective imperative: the ongoing summons to praiseαἰνέω: to praise; with the dative τῷ θεῷ as in the LXX Hallel psalms (Ps 134:1).
τῷtheDativearticle with θεῷ
θεῷGodDativedative complement of αἰνεῖτε (Septuagintism for the accusative)θεός: the object of praise.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with θεῷἐγώ: 'our God.'
πάντεςallNominativeadjective modifying οἱ δοῦλοι (nom. of address, vocative force)πᾶς: all; the whole company addressed.
οἱtheNominativearticle with δοῦλοι (nominative for vocative)
δοῦλοιservantsNominativenominative of address (subject of the imperative)δοῦλος: servant; the addressees of the summons.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with δοῦλοιαὐτός: of God.
οἱthe (ones)Nominativearticle (substantizing participle) in apposition to δοῦλοι
φοβούμενοιfearingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · φοβέομαιsubstantival participle in apposition to δοῦλοι ('those who fear him')→ imperfective: the habitual God-fearersφοβέομαι: to fear, reverence; 'those who fear God,' a designation embracing all the pious (cf. 11:18).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of φοβούμενοιαὐτός: God.
οἱtheNominativearticle with μικροί (apposition)
μικροὶsmallNominativesubstantival adjective in apposition (merism)μικρός: small, insignificant; with μεγάλοι a merism for all without distinction (cf. 11:18; 13:16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
οἱtheNominativearticle with μεγάλοι
μεγάλοιgreatNominativesubstantival adjective in appositionμέγας: great; completing the merism.
6

καὶ ἤκουσα ὡς φωνὴν ὄχλου πολλοῦ καὶ ὡς φωνὴν ὑδάτων πολλῶν καὶ ὡς φωνὴν βροντῶν ἰσχυρῶν λεγόντων· Ἁλληλουϊά, ὅτι ἐβασίλευσεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ παντοκράτωρ.

And I heard what was like the voice of a great multitude, like the sound of many waters, and like the sound of mighty thunders, saying, "Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, has begun to reign.

ClimaxκαὶThe fourth and climactic Hallelujah, swelling through three escalating similes (multitude, many waters, mighty thunders). The aorist ἐβασίλευσεν is ingressive — 'has assumed his reign' (cf. 11:17), the enthronement formula of the Lord's kingship.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ aoristic: the seer's act of hearingἀκούω: to hear; resuming the auditory frame of v.1.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle of approximationὡς: visionary 'as it were.'
φωνὴνvoice / soundAccusativeobject of ἤκουσαφωνή: voice, sound.
ὄχλουof a multitudeGenitivegenitive of source with φωνήνὄχλος: crowd, multitude.
πολλοῦgreatGenitiveattributive adjective with ὄχλουπολύς: many, great.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ὡςas / likecomparative particleὡς.
φωνὴνsoundAccusativeobject of ἤκουσα (second simile)φωνή.
ὑδάτωνof watersGenitivegenitive of source with φωνήνὕδωρ: water; 'many waters,' echoing Ezek 43:2; cf. 1:15; 14:2.
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveattributive adjective with ὑδάτωνπολύς: many.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ὡςas / likecomparative particleὡς.
φωνὴνsoundAccusativeobject of ἤκουσα (third simile)φωνή.
βροντῶνof thundersGenitivegenitive of source with φωνήνβροντή: thunder; the loudest of the similes.
ἰσχυρῶνmightyGenitiveattributive adjective with βροντῶνἰσχυρός: strong, mighty.
λεγόντωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple agreeing ad sensum with the multitude (gen.)→ imperfective: introduces the climactic acclamationλέγω: introduces direct speech; masc. by sense (the persons of the ὄχλος).
ἉλληλουϊάHallelujahliturgical interjectionἉλληλουϊά: the fourth and climactic acclamation.
ὅτιbecause / forcausal conjunction grounding the praiseὅτι: 'for'; the reason for the final Hallelujah.
ἐβασίλευσενhas begun to reignAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωverb of the ὅτι clause→ ingressive aorist: 'has assumed his reign,' the enthronement of God (cf. 11:17; Ps 92:1 LXX)βασιλεύω: to reign, become king; here the inaugural sense.
κύριοςLordNominativesubject of ἐβασίλευσενκύριος: Lord; the divine title (LXX rendering of YHWH).
theNominativearticle with θεός (apposition)
θεὸςGodNominativeapposition to κύριοςθεός: God.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with θεόςἐγώ: 'our God.'
theNominativearticle with παντοκράτωρ (apposition)
παντοκράτωρAlmightyNominativeapposition to κύριος ὁ θεόςπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty, All-ruler; a favorite divine title in Revelation (1:8; 4:8; 11:17).
7

χαίρωμεν καὶ ἀγαλλιῶμεν καὶ δώσομεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἦλθεν ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου, καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἡτοίμασεν ἑαυτήν,

Let us rejoice and exult and give him the glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his bride has prepared herself,

ExhortationasyndetonThe acclamation continues in hortatory subjunctives summoning joy, grounded (ὅτι) in the arrival of the Lamb's marriage. The bride is the church (cf. 21:2, 9); her self-preparation is unpacked in v.8.
χαίρωμενlet us rejoicePres Act Subj 1 Pl · χαίρωhortatory subjunctive→ imperfective hortatory: the call to ongoing joyχαίρω: to rejoice.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἀγαλλιῶμενlet us exultPres Act Subj 1 Pl · ἀγαλλιάωhortatory subjunctive (coordinate)→ imperfective hortatory: exultant rejoicingἀγαλλιάω: to exult, be overjoyed; intensifies χαίρω (cf. Matt 5:12).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
δώσομενwe will giveFut Act Indic 1 Pl · δίδωμιfuture with volitive/hortatory force (coordinate with the subjunctives)→ future used hortatorily ('let us give'); a Semitic-flavored construction hereδίδωμι: to give; 'give glory' = ascribe honor (cf. 14:7).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with δόξαν
δόξανgloryAccusativedirect object of δώσομενδόξα: glory, honor.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object of δώσομεναὐτός: God.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction grounding the exhortationὅτι: 'because.'
ἦλθενhas comeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of the ὅτι clause→ aoristic with present resultative sense: the marriage has now arrivedἔρχομαι: to come; the eschatological 'has come.'
theNominativearticle with γάμος
γάμοςmarriage / weddingNominativesubject of ἦλθενγάμος: wedding, marriage feast; the messianic banquet imagery (cf. Matt 22:2; 25:10).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivegenitive (the bridegroom) with γάμοςἀρνίον: lamb; the slain-yet-reigning Lamb, Revelation's central Christ-title.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
theNominativearticle with γυνή
γυνὴwife / brideNominativesubject of ἡτοίμασενγυνή: woman, wife; here the Lamb's bride, the church (21:9).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with γυνήαὐτός: of the Lamb.
ἡτοίμασενhas preparedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb→ aoristic: the completed self-preparation of the brideἑτοιμάζω: to prepare, make ready.
ἑαυτήνherselfAccusativereflexive pronoun, object of ἡτοίμασενἑαυτοῦ: reflexive; the bride readies herself, yet by grace-given linen (v.8).
8

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῇ ἵνα περιβάληται βύσσινον λαμπρὸν καθαρόν· τὸ γὰρ βύσσινον τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων ἐστίν.

and it was granted to her to clothe herself with fine linen, bright and pure — for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints.

Result/ExplanationκαὶThe divine passive ἐδόθη ('it was granted') makes the bride's adornment a gift; the parenthetical γάρ clause interprets the linen allegorically as the saints' righteous deeds — works that are themselves God's gift.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐδόθηwas grantedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ aoristic divine passive: God grants the bride her attireδίδωμι: to give; the passive ἐδόθη is a recurring 'divine passive' in Revelation.
αὐτῇto herDativeindirect object of ἐδόθηαὐτός: the bride.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing a content/object clause (subject of ἐδόθη)ἵνα: here epexegetic, defining what was granted.
περιβάληταιshe might clothe herselfAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · περιβάλλωsubjunctive in the ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctive (middle): she clothes herselfπεριβάλλω: to put around, clothe; mid., 'to clothe oneself.'
βύσσινονfine linenAccusativeobject of περιβάληταιβύσσινος: (made of) fine linen; substantival neut., 'fine linen garment.'
λαμπρὸνbrightAccusativeattributive adjective with βύσσινονλαμπρός: bright, shining.
καθαρόνpure / cleanAccusativeattributive adjective with βύσσινονκαθαρός: clean, pure; the bride's contrast to the harlot's finery (17:4).
τὸtheNominativearticle with βύσσινον (subject of the γάρ clause)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (postpositive)γάρ: introduces the interpretive gloss.
βύσσινονfine linenNominativesubject of ἐστίνβύσσινος: the fine linen, now interpreted.
τὰtheNominativearticle with δικαιώματα (predicate)
δικαιώματαrighteous deedsNominativepredicate nominative of ἐστίνδικαίωμα: righteous act, righteous requirement; here the saints' righteous deeds.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἁγίων
ἁγίωνsaintsGenitivegenitive (subjective/possessive) with δικαιώματαἅγιος: holy one, saint; the believing people of God.
ἐστίνis / arePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (sg. agreeing with τὸ βύσσινον)→ stative: the equation linen = righteous deedsεἰμί: to be; the interpretive copula.
9

καὶ λέγει μοι· Γράψον· Μακάριοι οἱ εἰς τὸ δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ ἀρνίου κεκλημένοι. καὶ λέγει μοι· Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι ἀληθινοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσιν.

And he said to me, "Write: Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb." And he said to me, "These are the true words of God."

BeatitudeκαὶThe fourth of Revelation's seven beatitudes (cf. 1:3; 14:13), with the command 'Write' authenticating it; the second saying ('these are the true words of God') seals the whole vision and prompts John's misplaced worship in v.10.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ imperfective historic present: vivid narration of the angel's speechλέγω: to say; the speaker is the interpreting angel (v.10).
μοιto meDativeindirect object of λέγειἐγώ: the seer John.
ΓράψονwriteAor Act Impv 2 Sg · γράφωimperative→ aorist imperative: the specific command to recordγράφω: to write; the recurring command to inscribe the visions (1:11, 19).
ΜακάριοιblessedNominativepredicate adjective in the beatitude (copula understood)μακάριος: blessed, fortunate; the beatitude form.
οἱthe (ones)Nominativearticle (substantizing participle) — subject of the beatitude
εἰςtopreposition (goal) governing τὸ δεῖπνονεἰς + acc.: 'to, unto'; the goal of the invitation.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with δεῖπνον
δεῖπνονsupperAccusativeobject of εἰςδεῖπνον: supper, dinner; the wedding feast (contrast the grim 'supper of God,' v.17).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with γάμου
γάμουmarriageGenitivegenitive (descriptive) with δεῖπνονγάμος: wedding; the marriage feast.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivegenitive (the bridegroom) with γάμουἀρνίον: the Lamb.
κεκλημένοιinvitedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · καλέωsubstantival participle (with οἱ) — 'those who have been invited'→ perfect passive: the abiding state of having been (divinely) calledκαλέω: to call, invite; the perfect stresses the settled status of the called (divine passive).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ imperfective historic present: the second sayingλέγω.
μοιto meDativeindirect object of λέγειἐγώ.
ΟὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun, subject of εἰσινοὗτος: 'these'; pointing to the foregoing visions/words.
οἱtheNominativearticle with λόγοι
λόγοιwordsNominativepredicate / in apposition with the demonstrativeλόγος: word, message.
ἀληθινοὶtrueNominativepredicate adjective with λόγοιἀληθινός: true, genuine; cf. 21:5; 22:6.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source with λόγοιθεός: God, the source of these true words.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative: the equation/authenticationεἰμί: to be.
10

καὶ ἔπεσα ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ. καὶ λέγει μοι· Ὅρα μή· σύνδουλός σού εἰμι καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου τῶν ἐχόντων τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ· τῷ θεῷ προσκύνησον. ἡ γὰρ μαρτυρία Ἰησοῦ ἐστιν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς προφητείας.

And I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, "See that you do not! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who hold the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy."

CorrectionκαὶJohn's instinctive worship of the angel is rebuked (cf. 22:8–9): the angel is a fellow servant, and worship belongs to God alone. The climactic gnomic clause 'the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy' interprets all true prophecy as Jesus-centered witness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἔπεσαI fellAor Act Indic 1 Sg · πίπτωmain verb→ aoristic: the act of falling prostrateπίπτω: to fall; here in (mistaken) worship.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeimproper preposition governing τῶν ποδῶν (gen.)ἔμπροσθεν + gen.: 'in front of, before.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ποδῶν
ποδῶνfeetGenitiveobject of ἔμπροσθενπούς: foot.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with ποδῶναὐτός: the angel.
προσκυνῆσαιto worshipAor Act Inf · προσκυνέωinfinitive of purpose→ aorist infinitive of purpose: the intended (mistaken) worshipπροσκυνέω: to worship; here wrongly directed at the angel.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of προσκυνῆσαιαὐτός: the angel.
καὶbut / andcoordinating conjunction (adversative force here)καί.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ imperfective historic presentλέγω.
μοιto meDativeindirect object of λέγειἐγώ.
Ὅραsee / take carePres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωimperative with elliptical μή ('see that you not [do it]')→ imperfective imperative: an urgent prohibitionὁράω: to see; 'Ὅρα μή' = 'See [that you do] not!,' a sharp refusal.
μήnotnegative particle (elliptical prohibition)μή: negative of prohibition.
σύνδουλόςfellow servantNominativepredicate nominative of εἰμισύνδουλος: fellow slave/servant; the angel places himself alongside John.
σούyour / with youGenitivegenitive of association with σύνδουλοςσύ: 'fellow servant with you.'
εἰμιI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative: the angel's self-identificationεἰμί: to be.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἀδελφῶν
ἀδελφῶνbrothersGenitivegenitive of association (coordinate with σού) with σύνδουλοςἀδελφός: brother; fellow believers.
σουyourGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with ἀδελφῶνσύ.
τῶνthe (ones)Genitivearticle (substantizing participle) with ἐχόντων
ἐχόντωνhaving / who holdPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle modifying ἀδελφῶν→ imperfective: those who continually hold the testimonyἔχω: to have, hold; 'who hold the testimony of Jesus.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with μαρτυρίαν
μαρτυρίανtestimonyAccusativeobject of ἐχόντωνμαρτυρία: testimony, witness; the gospel-witness about/of Jesus.
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitivegenitive (objective/subjective, deliberately ambiguous) with μαρτυρίανἸησοῦς: Jesus; 'the testimony of/borne by Jesus' — a declinable proper name in the genitive.
τῷtheDativearticle with θεῷ
θεῷGodDativedative object of προσκύνησον (fronted for emphasis)θεός: God, the sole object of worship.
προσκύνησονworshipAor Act Impv 2 Sg · προσκυνέωimperative→ aorist imperative: the decisive command to worship Godπροσκυνέω: to worship; redirected to God alone.
theNominativearticle with μαρτυρία
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (postpositive)γάρ: grounds the command, defining the angel's prophetic role.
μαρτυρίαtestimonyNominativesubject of ἐστινμαρτυρία: testimony, witness.
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitivegenitive (subjective/objective) with μαρτυρίαἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative/gnomic: the defining equationεἰμί: to be.
τὸtheNominativearticle with πνεῦμα (predicate)
πνεῦμαspiritNominativepredicate nominative of ἐστινπνεῦμα: spirit; here the animating substance/heart of prophecy.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with προφητείας
προφητείαςof prophecyGenitivegenitive (epexegetic/possessive) with πνεῦμαπροφητεία: prophecy; true prophecy is, at heart, the witness to Jesus.
11

Καὶ εἶδον τὸν οὐρανὸν ἠνεῳγμένον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος λευκός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπ’ αὐτὸν καλούμενος πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός, καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρίνει καὶ πολεμεῖ.

And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse! And the one sitting on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he judges and makes war.

VisionΚαὶA new vision (καὶ εἶδον... καὶ ἰδού): heaven opens for the warrior-Messiah's advent. The hanging nominatives (ὁ καθήμενος, καλούμενος) are characteristic Apocalypse syntax; 'Faithful and True' (cf. 3:14) names his character, vindicated in righteous judgment and warfare.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: opening the climactic vision.
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aoristic: the seer's act of seeingὁράω: to see; the visionary formula καὶ εἶδον.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with οὐρανόν
οὐρανὸνheavenAccusativeobject of εἶδονοὐρανός: heaven, the sky.
ἠνεῳγμένονopenedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἀνοίγωpredicate participle (object complement) with οὐρανόν→ perfect passive: heaven standing open (settled state), for the Rider's exitἀνοίγω: to open; the perfect denotes the opened-and-remaining-open heaven (cf. Ezek 1:1).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (interjection)ἰδού: 'behold!'; frozen aorist imperative now an attention-marker.
ἵπποςhorseNominativenominative of exclamation (after ἰδού)ἵππος: horse; the white war-horse of conquest (cf. 6:2).
λευκόςwhiteNominativeattributive adjective with ἵπποςλευκός: white; color of victory and purity.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing participle) — subject
καθήμενοςsittingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle, subject ('the one sitting' = the Rider)→ imperfective: the enthroned Riderκάθημαι: to sit; 'the one seated on it,' the messianic Rider.
ἐπ’onpreposition (locative, elided ἐπί) governing αὐτόνἐπί + acc.: 'upon.'
αὐτὸνitAccusativeobject of ἐπίαὐτός: the horse.
καλούμενοςcalledPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · καλέωpredicate participle (hanging nominative) with the Rider→ imperfective passive: 'is called' — his standing designationκαλέω: to call, name; here a periphrastic predication of the Rider's name.
πιστὸςFaithfulNominativepredicate (the name) with καλούμενοςπιστός: faithful, trustworthy; a name-title (cf. 1:5; 3:14).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἀληθινόςTrueNominativepredicate (the name) with καλούμενοςἀληθινός: true, genuine; paired name-title.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐνinpreposition (manner) governing δικαιοσύνῃἐν + dat.: 'in righteousness,' manner.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessDativeobject of ἐν (manner)δικαιοσύνη: righteousness, justice; cf. Isa 11:4.
κρίνειhe judgesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · κρίνωmain verb→ imperfective/gnomic present: his characteristic righteous judgingκρίνω: to judge.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
πολεμεῖhe makes warPres Act Indic 3 Sg · πολεμέωmain verb (coordinate)→ imperfective/gnomic present: his righteous warfareπολεμέω: to make war, wage war.
12

οἱ δὲ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ φλὸξ πυρός, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ διαδήματα πολλά, ἔχων ὄνομα γεγραμμένον ὃ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν εἰ μὴ αὐτός,

His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many diadems; and he has a name written that no one knows but he himself,

DescriptionδὲThe Rider's appearance: flaming eyes (cf. 1:14) signal penetrating judgment, the many diadems his comprehensive sovereignty (over against the dragon's seven, the beast's ten). The secret name marks an irreducible mystery in his being; the hanging participle ἔχων is again solecistic.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ὀφθαλμοί
δὲand / butpostpositive transitional conjunctionδέ: continuative, advancing the description.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject (copula understood)ὀφθαλμός: eye.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with ὀφθαλμοίαὐτός: the Rider.
φλὸξa flameNominativepredicate nominative (copula understood)φλόξ: flame; image of penetrating, judging sight (cf. 1:14; 2:18).
πυρόςof fireGenitivegenitive (descriptive/material) with φλόξπῦρ: fire.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τὴν κεφαλήνἐπί + acc.: 'upon, on.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with κεφαλήν
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeobject of ἐπί (locative)κεφαλή: head.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with κεφαλήναὐτός: the Rider.
διαδήματαdiademsNominativesubject (copula understood: 'are many diadems')διάδημα: royal diadem, crown of sovereignty (contrast the dragon's, 12:3; beast's, 13:1).
πολλάmanyNominativeattributive adjective with διαδήματαπολύς: many; the totality of his royal claims.
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωhanging nominative participle (loosely circumstantial)→ imperfective: the Rider's possession of the secret nameἔχω: to have, hold; the solecistic ἔχων typical of the Apocalypse.
ὄνομαa nameAccusativeobject of ἔχωνὄνομα: name.
γεγραμμένονwrittenPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · γράφωattributive participle modifying ὄνομα→ perfect passive: the name stands written (settled inscription)γράφω: to write; perfect, 'having been written.'
whichAccusativerelative pronoun, object of οἶδενὅς: relative pronoun referring to ὄνομα.
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of οἶδενοὐδείς: no one.
οἶδενknowsPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · οἶδαverb of the relative clause→ perfect with present sense: 'knows' (stative)οἶδα: to know; the secret name is known to none but its bearer.
εἰifconjunction forming the exceptive idiom εἰ μήεἰ: 'if'; with μή = 'except.'
μὴnotnegative particle (εἰ μή = 'except')μή: with εἰ, the exceptive 'but, except.'
αὐτόςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun, subject of the elliptical exceptionαὐτός: 'he himself'; only the Rider knows his own name.
13

καὶ περιβεβλημένος ἱμάτιον βεβαμμένον αἵματι, καὶ κέκληται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ.

and he is clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and his name is called the Word of God.

DescriptionκαὶThe blood-dipped robe (Isa 63:1–3, the divine warrior from Edom) is likely the blood of his enemies, anticipating the winepress of v.15. The disclosed name 'the Word of God' identifies the Rider with the divine self-expression (cf. John 1:1). On βεβαμμένον vs. ῥεραντισμένον see the text-note.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
περιβεβλημένοςclothedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · περιβάλλωhanging nominative participle (periphrastic 'he is clothed')→ perfect mid./pass.: the settled state of being robedπεριβάλλω: to clothe; perfect mid., 'having clothed himself / being clothed.'
ἱμάτιονa robe / garmentAccusativeaccusative of respect / object with περιβεβλημένοςἱμάτιον: outer garment, robe.
βεβαμμένονdippedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · βάπτωattributive participle modifying ἱμάτιον→ perfect passive: the garment stands dyed/dippedβάπτω: to dip, dye; the printed reading (vs. ῥεραντισμένον, 'sprinkled'); cf. Isa 63:3 LXX.
αἵματιin bloodDativedative of means/material with βεβαμμένοναἷμα: blood; the blood of trampled enemies (Isa 63), foreshadowing v.15.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
κέκληταιis calledPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb→ perfect passive with present sense: his name stands settledκαλέω: to call, name; the perfect denotes the established designation.
τὸtheNominativearticle with ὄνομα (subject)
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of κέκληταιὄνομα: name.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with ὄνομααὐτός: the Rider.
theNominativearticle with λόγος (predicate)
λόγοςWordNominativepredicate nominative (the name) of κέκληταιλόγος: word; 'the Word of God,' the Rider's disclosed name (cf. John 1:1, 14).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (subjective/possessive) with λόγοςθεός: God; the Word is God's own self-utterance.
14

καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ἐφ’ ἵπποις λευκοῖς, ἐνδεδυμένοι βύσσινον λευκὸν καθαρόν.

And the armies that are in heaven were following him on white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and pure.

ContinuationκαὶThe heavenly armies (angels and/or the redeemed) follow the Rider, but bear no weapons — the battle is his alone (v.15). Their white linen echoes the bride's of v.8, marking them as the saints; ἐνδεδυμένοι is a masc. construction ad sensum after the neut. στρατεύματα.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τὰtheNominativearticle with στρατεύματα
στρατεύματαarmiesNominativesubject of ἠκολούθειστράτευμα: army, troops; the heavenly host.
τὰthe (ones)Nominativearticle (attributive) with the ἐν-phrase
ἐνinpreposition (locative) governing τῷ οὐρανῷἐν + dat.: 'in heaven.'
τῷtheDativearticle with οὐρανῷ
οὐρανῷheavenDativeobject of ἐν (locative)οὐρανός: heaven.
ἠκολούθειwas followingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb (sg. with neut. pl. subject)→ imperfective (past): the ongoing procession behind the Riderἀκολουθέω: to follow; with the dative αὐτῷ.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of ἠκολούθειαὐτός: the Rider.
ἐφ’onpreposition (locative, elided ἐπί) governing ἵπποιςἐπί + dat.: 'on, mounted on.'
ἵπποιςhorsesDativeobject of ἐπί (locative)ἵππος: horse.
λευκοῖςwhiteDativeattributive adjective with ἵπποιςλευκός: white; matching the Rider's mount.
ἐνδεδυμένοιclothedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐνδύωparticiple agreeing ad sensum with στρατεύματα (masc. by sense)→ perfect mid./pass.: the settled state of being robed in whiteἐνδύω: to clothe; perfect mid., 'clothed.'
βύσσινονfine linenAccusativeaccusative of respect/object with ἐνδεδυμένοιβύσσινος: fine linen; cf. the bride's, v.8.
λευκὸνwhiteAccusativeattributive adjective with βύσσινονλευκός: white.
καθαρόνpureAccusativeattributive adjective with βύσσινονκαθαρός: clean, pure.
15

καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύεται ῥομφαία ὀξεῖα, ἵνα ἐν αὐτῇ πατάξῃ τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ αὐτὸς ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ· καὶ αὐτὸς πατεῖ τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ παντοκράτορος.

And from his mouth comes a sharp sword, that with it he might strike the nations; and he will shepherd them with a rod of iron; and he treads the winepress of the wine of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.

ActionκαὶThe Rider's only weapon is the sword of his mouth — his word (cf. 1:16; Isa 49:2) — by which he conquers; he shepherds (Ps 2:9) and treads the winepress (Isa 63:2–3; Joel 3:13). The piled-up genitives 'wine of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty' intensify the eschatological judgment.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition (source) governing τοῦ στόματοςἐκ + gen.: source, 'out of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with στόματος
στόματοςmouthGenitiveobject of ἐκστόμα: mouth; source of the conquering word-sword.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with στόματοςαὐτός: the Rider.
ἐκπορεύεταιcomes outPres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπορεύομαιmain verb→ imperfective present: the proceeding of the sword, vividly ongoingἐκπορεύομαι: to go/come out, proceed.
ῥομφαίαswordNominativesubject of ἐκπορεύεταιῥομφαία: large sword, broadsword; the word of judgment (1:16; 2:12).
ὀξεῖαsharpNominativeattributive adjective with ῥομφαίαὀξύς: sharp; cf. Isa 49:2.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing a purpose clauseἵνα: purpose.
ἐνwithpreposition (instrumental) governing αὐτῇἐν + dat.: means.
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν (means) — the swordαὐτός: the sword.
πατάξῃhe might strikeAor Act Subj 3 Sg · πατάσσωsubjunctive in the ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctive: the decisive smiting of the nationsπατάσσω: to strike, smite (cf. Isa 11:4).
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἔθνη
ἔθνηnationsAccusativeobject of πατάξῃἔθνος: nation, gentiles.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
αὐτὸςheNominativeintensive pronoun, subject of ποιμανεῖαὐτός: 'he himself.'
ποιμανεῖwill shepherd / ruleFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιμαίνωmain verb→ future: the messianic rule (Ps 2:9 LXX), here of stern dominionποιμαίνω: to shepherd, rule; with a rod of iron, of crushing dominion (cf. 2:27; 12:5).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of ποιμανεῖ (masc., ad sensum for ἔθνη)αὐτός: the nations (constructio ad sensum).
ἐνwithpreposition (instrumental) governing ῥάβδῳἐν + dat.: means.
ῥάβδῳa rodDativeobject of ἐν (means)ῥάβδος: rod, staff; of royal/judicial authority.
σιδηρᾷof ironDativeattributive adjective with ῥάβδῳσιδηροῦς: iron; the unyielding rod of Ps 2:9.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
αὐτὸςheNominativeintensive pronoun, subject of πατεῖαὐτός: 'he himself.'
πατεῖtreadsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · πατέωmain verb→ imperfective/gnomic present: he treads the winepressπατέω: to tread, trample; the winepress image (Isa 63:3).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ληνόν
ληνὸνwinepressAccusativeobject of πατεῖληνός: winepress; image of wrath's outpouring (14:19–20).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with οἴνου
οἴνουwineGenitivegenitive (content/descriptive) with ληνόνοἶνος: wine; the 'wine' of God's wrath.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θυμοῦ
θυμοῦfuryGenitivegenitive (descriptive) with οἴνουθυμός: passion, fury; the heated outburst of wrath.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ὀργῆς
ὀργῆςwrathGenitivegenitive (descriptive) with θυμοῦὀργή: settled wrath, anger; with θυμός, an intensifying pleonasm.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (subjective/possessive) with ὀργῆςθεός: God, whose wrath this is.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with παντοκράτορος (apposition)
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyGenitiveapposition to θεοῦπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty, All-ruler; the divine title sealing the threat.
16

καὶ ἔχει ἐπὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ὄνομα γεγραμμένον· Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων.

And he has on his robe and on his thigh a name written: King of kings and Lord of lords.

ClimaxκαὶThe public, disclosed name (over against the secret one of v.12), inscribed where banner and weapon-belt are seen: 'King of kings and Lord of lords' — his absolute sovereignty over all rival rulers (cf. 17:14; Deut 10:17; Dan 2:47).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἔχειhe hasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ imperfective present: the Rider bears the inscribed nameἔχω: to have, bear.
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τὸ ἱμάτιονἐπί + acc.: 'upon, on.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ἱμάτιον
ἱμάτιονrobeAccusativeobject of ἐπίἱμάτιον: garment, robe.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τὸν μηρόνἐπί + acc.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with μηρόν
μηρὸνthighAccusativeobject of ἐπίμηρός: thigh; where a warrior's sword and its inscription are visible.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with μηρόναὐτός: the Rider.
ὄνομαa nameAccusativeobject of ἔχειὄνομα: name.
γεγραμμένονwrittenPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · γράφωattributive participle modifying ὄνομα→ perfect passive: the name stands inscribedγράφω: to write.
ΒασιλεὺςKingNominativenominative (the inscribed title, in apposition to ὄνομα)βασιλεύς: king.
βασιλέωνof kingsGenitivegenitive (of subordination/superlative) with βασιλεύςβασιλεύς: 'King of kings,' the supreme king (cf. 17:14).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
κύριοςLordNominativenominative (the inscribed title)κύριος: lord, master.
κυρίωνof lordsGenitivegenitive (of subordination/superlative) with κύριοςκύριος: 'Lord of lords,' the supreme lord (Deut 10:17; Dan 2:47).
17

Καὶ εἶδον ἕνα ἄγγελον ἑστῶτα ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ, καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγων πᾶσιν τοῖς ὀρνέοις τοῖς πετομένοις ἐν μεσουρανήματι· Δεῦτε συνάχθητε εἰς τὸ δεῖπνον τὸ μέγα τοῦ θεοῦ,

And I saw an angel standing in the sun, and he cried out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds that fly in midheaven, "Come, gather for the great supper of God,

VisionΚαὶA new vision (καὶ εἶδον): the angel in the sun summons carrion birds to 'the great supper of God' — a grim parody of the wedding supper (v.9), drawn from Ezek 39:17–20.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aoristic: the visionary actὁράω: to see.
ἕναa / oneAccusativenumeral/indefinite modifying ἄγγελονεἷς: 'one,' here functioning as the indefinite article 'an.'
ἄγγελονangelAccusativeobject of εἶδονἄγγελος: angel, messenger.
ἑστῶταstandingPerf Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἵστημιattributive/circumstantial participle modifying ἄγγελον→ perfect with present sense: standing (settled posture)ἵστημι: perf. ἕστηκα 'to stand'; the angel positioned in the sun's light.
ἐνinpreposition (locative) governing τῷ ἡλίῳἐν + dat.: location.
τῷtheDativearticle with ἡλίῳ
ἡλίῳsunDativeobject of ἐν (locative)ἥλιος: sun; the angel's blazing vantage for the summons.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἔκραξενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κράζωmain verb→ aoristic: the loud summonsκράζω: to cry out, shout.
ἐνwithpreposition (manner) governing φωνῇἐν + dat.: manner, 'with a loud voice.'
φωνῇvoiceDativeobject of ἐν (manner)φωνή: voice.
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjective with φωνῇμέγας: great, loud.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of manner agreeing with the angel (subject)→ imperfective: introduces the summonsλέγω: introduces direct speech.
πᾶσινallDativeadjective modifying τοῖς ὀρνέοις (dat. addressee)πᾶς: all.
τοῖςtheDativearticle with ὀρνέοις
ὀρνέοιςbirdsDativeindirect object of λέγων (the addressees)ὄρνεον: bird; carrion birds (cf. Ezek 39:17).
τοῖςthe (ones)Dativearticle (attributive) with πετομένοις
πετομένοιςflyingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Dat Pl Neut · πέτομαιattributive participle modifying ὀρνέοις→ imperfective: the birds in mid-flightπέτομαι: to fly.
ἐνinpreposition (locative) governing μεσουρανήματιἐν + dat.: location.
μεσουρανήματιmidheavenDativeobject of ἐν (locative)μεσουράνημα: mid-heaven, the zenith (cf. 8:13; 14:6).
Δεῦτεcomehortative adverb-particle ('come!') functioning as a summonsδεῦτε: 'come!,' indeclinable plural hortative adverb (frozen imperatival form).
συνάχθητεbe gathered / gatherAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · συνάγωimperative→ aorist (passive-form) imperative: the decisive mustering of the birdsσυνάγω: to gather; passive 'be gathered,' here middle-reflexive in sense.
εἰςto / forpreposition (goal) governing τὸ δεῖπνονεἰς + acc.: goal.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with δεῖπνον
δεῖπνονsupperAccusativeobject of εἰςδεῖπνον: supper; the grim 'supper of God' parodying v.9.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive) with μέγα
μέγαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective with δεῖπνονμέγας: great.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (possessive) with δεῖπνονθεός: God, who hosts this banquet of judgment.
18

ἵνα φάγητε σάρκας βασιλέων καὶ σάρκας χιλιάρχων καὶ σάρκας ἰσχυρῶν καὶ σάρκας ἵππων καὶ τῶν καθημένων ἐπ’ αὐτῶν καὶ σάρκας πάντων ἐλευθέρων τε καὶ δούλων καὶ μικρῶν καὶ μεγάλων.

that you may eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of commanders, the flesh of the mighty, the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them, and the flesh of all, both free and slave, both small and great."

PurposeἵναThe purpose clause spells out the ghastly menu (Ezek 39:18–20): a sevenfold 'flesh of' catalogue sweeping every rank — a universal reversal of the merism 'small and great' that elsewhere names the worshipers (v.5).
ἵναthatconjunction introducing a purpose clauseἵνα: purpose.
φάγητεyou may eatAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἐσθίωsubjunctive in the ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctive: the gorging of the birdsἐσθίω: to eat (suppletive aor. ἔφαγον).
σάρκαςfleshAccusativeobject of φάγητεσάρξ: flesh (pl., 'pieces/portions of flesh').
βασιλέωνof kingsGenitivegenitive (possessive) with σάρκαςβασιλεύς: king.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
σάρκαςfleshAccusativeobject of φάγητεσάρξ.
χιλιάρχωνof commandersGenitivegenitive (possessive) with σάρκαςχιλίαρχος: commander of a thousand, military tribune.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
σάρκαςfleshAccusativeobject of φάγητεσάρξ.
ἰσχυρῶνof the mightyGenitivesubstantival adjective (gen.) with σάρκαςἰσχυρός: strong, mighty (subst., 'the mighty').
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
σάρκαςfleshAccusativeobject of φάγητεσάρξ.
ἵππωνof horsesGenitivegenitive (possessive) with σάρκαςἵππος: horse.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τῶνof the (ones)Genitivearticle (substantizing participle) — gen. with σάρκας
καθημένωνsittingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle ('those who sit on them'), gen. with σάρκας→ imperfective: the ridersκάθημαι: to sit; the horsemen.
ἐπ’onpreposition (locative, elided ἐπί) governing αὐτῶνἐπί + gen.: 'upon.'
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐπί — the horsesαὐτός: the horses.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
σάρκαςfleshAccusativeobject of φάγητεσάρξ.
πάντωνof allGenitiveadjective (gen.) summarizing with σάρκαςπᾶς: all.
ἐλευθέρωνfreeGenitivesubstantival adjective (gen.) in apposition under πάντωνἐλεύθερος: free (person).
τεboth / andenclitic correlative conjunction (τε ... καί)τε: 'both,' pairing free and slave.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (with τε)καί.
δούλωνslaveGenitivesubstantival noun (gen.) paired with ἐλευθέρωνδοῦλος: slave.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
μικρῶνsmallGenitivesubstantival adjective (gen.) — merismμικρός: small; with μεγάλων a merism for all (cf. v.5).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
μεγάλωνgreatGenitivesubstantival adjective (gen.) completing the merismμέγας: great.
19

Καὶ εἶδον τὸ θηρίον καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα αὐτῶν συνηγμένα ποιῆσαι τὸν πόλεμον μετὰ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου καὶ μετὰ τοῦ στρατεύματος αὐτοῦ.

And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered together to make war against the one sitting on the horse and against his army.

VisionΚαὶThe eschatological muster (cf. 16:14, 16, Armageddon): beast and kings assemble for the final, futile war against the Rider — the battle is named but not narrated, its outcome a foregone seizure (v.20).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aoristic: the visionary actὁράω: to see.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with θηρίον
θηρίονbeastAccusativeobject of εἶδονθηρίον: beast; the persecuting power of ch. 13.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with βασιλεῖς
βασιλεῖςkingsAccusativeobject of εἶδον (coordinate)βασιλεύς: king; the kings of the earth allied with the beast.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (possessive/partitive) with βασιλεῖςγῆ: earth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with στρατεύματα
στρατεύματαarmiesAccusativeobject of εἶδον (coordinate)στράτευμα: army, troops.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with στρατεύματααὐτός: of the kings.
συνηγμέναgatheredPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · συνάγωpredicate participle (object complement) with the compound object→ perfect passive: assembled and standing musteredσυνάγω: to gather; perfect, 'having been gathered.'
ποιῆσαιto makeAor Act Inf · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose→ aorist infinitive of purpose: to wage the warποιέω: to make, do; 'to make war' (Hebraism with πόλεμον).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with πόλεμον
πόλεμονwarAccusativeobject of ποιῆσαιπόλεμος: war, battle; the climactic conflict (16:14).
μετὰagainst / withpreposition governing τοῦ καθημένου (gen.); 'war with' = againstμετά + gen.: 'with'; idiomatic 'war with/against.'
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (substantizing participle) with καθημένου
καθημένουsittingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle, object of μετά ('the one sitting on the horse')→ imperfective: the enthroned Riderκάθημαι: to sit; the Rider of v.11.
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τοῦ ἵππουἐπί + gen.: 'upon.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἵππου
ἵππουhorseGenitiveobject of ἐπί (locative)ἵππος: horse.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
μετὰagainst / withpreposition governing τοῦ στρατεύματος (gen.)μετά + gen.: 'with/against.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with στρατεύματος
στρατεύματοςarmyGenitiveobject of μετάστράτευμα: army; the Rider's heavenly host (v.14).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with στρατεύματοςαὐτός: the Rider's.
20

καὶ ἐπιάσθη τὸ θηρίον καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης ὁ ποιήσας τὰ σημεῖα ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, ἐν οἷς ἐπλάνησεν τοὺς λαβόντας τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας τῇ εἰκόνι αὐτοῦ· ζῶντες ἐβλήθησαν οἱ δύο εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης ἐν θείῳ.

And the beast was seized, and with it the false prophet who had performed the signs before it, by which he deceived those who received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur.

ResolutionκαὶThe war collapses into instant capture: the divine passive ἐπιάσθη seizes the beast and the false prophet (the land-beast of ch. 13). The two arch-deceivers are thrown alive — without intervening death — into the lake of fire, the eschatological doom (cf. 20:10, 14–15).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
ἐπιάσθηwas seizedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πιάζωmain verb (divine passive)→ aoristic divine passive: the decisive capture of the beastπιάζω: to seize, arrest, capture.
τὸtheNominativearticle with θηρίον
θηρίονbeastNominativesubject of ἐπιάσθηθηρίον: the beast (ch. 13).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
μετ’withpreposition (elided μετά) governing αὐτοῦ (gen.)μετά + gen.: 'with.'
αὐτοῦitGenitiveobject of μετά — the beastαὐτός: the beast.
theNominativearticle with ψευδοπροφήτης
ψευδοπροφήτηςfalse prophetNominativesubject (coordinate, sharing the verb by ellipsis)ψευδοπροφήτης: false prophet; the second/land-beast of 13:11–17.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing participle) with ποιήσας
ποιήσαςhaving performedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωattributive participle modifying ψευδοπροφήτης→ aoristic: the prior working of deceptive signsποιέω: to do, perform; of the signs (13:13–14).
τὰtheAccusativearticle with σημεῖα
σημεῖαsignsAccusativeobject of ποιήσαςσημεῖον: sign, miracle; here deceptive wonders.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition governing αὐτοῦ (gen.)ἐνώπιον + gen.: 'in the presence of, before.'
αὐτοῦitGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον — the beastαὐτός: the beast.
ἐνby / withpreposition (means) governing οἷςἐν + dat.: means.
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dat. of means), referring to τὰ σημεῖαὅς: relative pronoun; 'by which [signs].'
ἐπλάνησενhe deceivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πλανάωverb of the relative clause→ aoristic: the act of deceptionπλανάω: to lead astray, deceive.
τοὺςthe (ones)Accusativearticle (substantizing participle) with λαβόντας
λαβόνταςwho receivedAor Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · λαμβάνωsubstantival participle, object of ἐπλάνησεν→ aoristic: those who took the markλαμβάνω: to take, receive; of the beast's mark (13:16–17).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with χάραγμα
χάραγμαmarkAccusativeobject of λαβόνταςχάραγμα: mark, stamp; the brand of the beast.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivegenitive (possessive) with χάραγμαθηρίον: the beast.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
τοὺςthe (ones)Accusativearticle (substantizing participle) with προσκυνοῦντας
προσκυνοῦνταςwho worshipedPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · προσκυνέωsubstantival participle (coordinate object of ἐπλάνησεν)→ imperfective: those habitually worshiping the imageπροσκυνέω: to worship; of the beast's image (13:15).
τῇtheDativearticle with εἰκόνι
εἰκόνιimageDativedative object of προσκυνοῦνταςεἰκών: image, likeness; the beast's cult-image.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with εἰκόνιαὐτός: the beast's.
ζῶντεςalive / livingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ζάωcircumstantial participle (state) with οἱ δύο→ imperfective: thrown 'while still living,' without deathζάω: to live; they are cast in alive (cf. Num 16:33).
ἐβλήθησανwere thrownAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · βάλλωmain verb (divine passive)→ aoristic divine passive: the decisive casting into the lakeβάλλω: to throw, cast.
οἱtheNominativearticle with δύο
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (indeclinable form, here nom.) — subjectδύο: 'the two,' beast and false prophet.
εἰςintopreposition (goal) governing τὴν λίμνηνεἰς + acc.: 'into.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with λίμνην
λίμνηνlakeAccusativeobject of εἰςλίμνη: lake; the 'lake of fire,' final place of judgment (20:10, 14).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with πυρός
πυρὸςfireGenitivegenitive (descriptive/material) with λίμνηνπῦρ: fire.
τῆςthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive participle) with καιομένης
καιομένηςburningPres Mid/Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · καίωattributive participle modifying λίμνην (fem.)→ imperfective passive: the perpetually burning lakeκαίω: to burn; the lake 'burning with sulfur.'
ἐνwithpreposition (means) governing θείῳἐν + dat.: means.
θείῳsulfur / brimstoneDativeobject of ἐν (means)θεῖον: sulfur, brimstone (cf. Gen 19:24; Rev 14:10).
21

καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν.

And the rest were killed with the sword of the one sitting on the horse, the sword that came from his mouth; and all the birds were gorged with their flesh.

ConclusionκαὶThe remainder — the human armies — are slain by the same word-sword (vv.15, 21), and the birds' summons (vv.17–18) is fulfilled: they are gorged with the slain. The chapter closes with the conquest complete, setting the stage for the binding of the dragon (ch. 20).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
οἱtheNominativearticle with λοιποί
λοιποὶrestNominativesubstantival adjective, subject of ἀπεκτάνθησανλοιπός: remaining; 'the rest' = the human armies and kings.
ἀπεκτάνθησανwere killedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb→ aoristic passive: their slaughter by the word-swordἀποκτείνω: to kill, slay.
ἐνwithpreposition (instrumental) governing τῇ ῥομφαίᾳἐν + dat.: means.
τῇtheDativearticle with ῥομφαίᾳ
ῥομφαίᾳswordDativeobject of ἐν (means)ῥομφαία: broadsword; the conquering word (v.15).
τοῦof the (one)Genitivearticle (substantizing participle) with καθημένου
καθημένουsittingPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle (gen. of possession) — 'the one sitting on the horse'→ imperfective: the Riderκάθημαι: to sit; the Rider of v.11.
ἐπὶonpreposition (locative) governing τοῦ ἵππουἐπί + gen.: 'upon.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἵππου
ἵππουhorseGenitiveobject of ἐπί (locative)ἵππος: horse.
τῇthe (one)Dativearticle (attributive participle) with ἐξελθούσῃ
ἐξελθούσῃthat came outAor Act Ptc · Dat Sg Fem · ἐξέρχομαιattributive participle modifying ῥομφαίᾳ (fem.)→ aoristic: the sword having gone forth from his mouthἐξέρχομαι: to go/come out; resuming v.15.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition (source) governing τοῦ στόματοςἐκ + gen.: source.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with στόματος
στόματοςmouthGenitiveobject of ἐκστόμα: mouth; the source of the word-sword.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with στόματοςαὐτός: the Rider.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί.
πάνταallNominativeadjective modifying τὰ ὄρνεαπᾶς: all.
τὰtheNominativearticle with ὄρνεα
ὄρνεαbirdsNominativesubject of ἐχορτάσθησανὄρνεον: bird; the carrion birds of v.17.
ἐχορτάσθησανwere gorged / filledAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · χορτάζωmain verb→ aoristic passive: the birds sated with fleshχορτάζω: to feed, fill, satisfy (orig. of fattening animals).
ἐκwith / frompreposition (source/partitive) governing τῶν σαρκῶνἐκ + gen.: 'from,' partitive after χορτάζω.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with σαρκῶν
σαρκῶνfleshGenitiveobject of ἐκ (partitive)σάρξ: flesh (pl.).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive (possessive pronoun) with σαρκῶναὐτός: of the slain.