Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 18ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΙΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον καταβαίνοντα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην, καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐφωτίσθη ἐκ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ.

After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illumined by his glory.

Vision transitionΜετὰ ταῦταThe recurring apocalyptic seam μετὰ ταῦτα opens a fresh vision: a second, radiant angel descends to announce Babylon's fall (cf. 17:1; 19:1).
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)μετά: 'after'; with the accusative marks temporal sequence.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of Μετὰ (neut. pl. demonstrative)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (seer's report)→ aoristic (punctiliar vision report)ὁράω: 'see'; the seer's characteristic εἶδον introduces each new tableau.
ἄλλονanotherAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ἄγγελονἄλλος: 'another' (of the same kind); a further angel beyond those of ch. 17.
ἄγγελονangelAccusativedirect object of εἶδονἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; here a heavenly herald of great authority.
καταβαίνονταcoming downPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · καταβαίνωattributive/adjectival ptc. modifying ἄγγελον→ progressive (descent in view)καταβαίνω: 'come down, descend'; the angel's heavenly origin.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of, from'; point of departure.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)οὐρανός: 'heaven'; the angel's place of origin and authority.
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωattributive ptc. modifying ἄγγελον→ stative (possession)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; his vested authority.
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativeobject of ἔχονταἐξουσία: 'authority, power, right'; angelic commission to proclaim doom.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ἐξουσίανμέγας: 'great'; magnitude of his authority — a Leitwort of the chapter (cf. ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (paratactic)καί: 'and'; Semitic-style parataxis.
theNominativearticle with γῆ
γῆearthNominativesubject of ἐφωτίσθηγῆ: 'earth, land'; lit up by the angel's splendor — echoing Ezek 43:2.
ἐφωτίσθηwas illuminedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φωτίζωmain verb→ aoristic passive (divine splendor)φωτίζω: 'give light, illumine'; the angel's glory floods the earth.
ἐκbypreposition + genitive (cause/means)ἐκ: here causal/instrumental, 'from, by reason of.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with δόξης
δόξηςgloryGenitiveobject of ἐκ (cause)δόξα: 'glory, splendor'; radiance reflecting God's own.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (of the angel)
2

καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων· Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου,

And he cried out with a mighty voice, saying: "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a dwelling place of demons, a haunt of every unclean spirit, a haunt of every unclean and hateful bird,

Doom-oracleκαὶThe angel's cry takes up Isaiah's taunt over Babylon (Isa 21:9) and Jeremiah's over the same city (Jer 51), now of the eschatological Babylon — a city become a desolate haunt of the unclean.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔκραξενhe cried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κράζωmain verb→ aoristic (the proclamation)κράζω: 'cry out, shout'; a loud heraldic proclamation.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner/means)ἐν: instrumental, 'with.'
ἰσχυρᾷmightyDativeattributive adj. modifying φωνῇἰσχυρός: 'strong, mighty'; the volume befitting the doom.
φωνῇvoiceDativeobject of ἐν (manner)φωνή: 'voice, sound.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing direct discourse (Semitic לֵאמֹר)→ progressive (attendant circumstance)λέγω: 'say'; the redundant λέγων marks quoted speech.
ἜπεσενfallenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb (repeated for emphasis)→ proleptic/prophetic aorist (certainty of the deed)πίπτω: 'fall'; the prophetic perfect-aorist of certain doom (Isa 21:9).
ἔπεσενfallenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωepizeuxis (emphatic repetition)→ prophetic aorist (emphatic doubling)πίπτω: the doubling intensifies — utter, irrevocable fall.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonNominativesubject of ἔπεσενΒαβυλών: 'Babylon'; the indeclinable proper name here functioning as nominative subject — the eschatological city/empire (Rome).
theNominativearticle with μεγάλη
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adj. in apposition to Βαβυλὼνμέγας: 'great'; the standing epithet ἡ μεγάλη (cf. 14:8; 16:19; 17:5).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοshe has becomeAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ aoristic (resultant state)γίνομαι: 'become'; her ruin turns her into a demonic waste.
κατοικητήριονdwelling placeNominativepredicate nominativeκατοικητήριον: 'habitation, dwelling'; a desolate ruin tenanted by demons (Isa 13:21; 34:11–15).
δαιμονίωνof demonsGenitivegenitive (occupants)δαιμόνιον: 'demon'; the unclean inhabitants of the wasteland.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φυλακὴa hauntNominativepredicate nominative (parallel to κατοικητήριον)φυλακή: lit. 'prison/watch-post'; here 'haunt, lair' — a holding-place for unclean things.
παντὸςof everyGenitiveattributive adj. modifying πνεύματοςπᾶς: 'every, all.'
πνεύματοςspiritGenitivegenitive (occupant)πνεῦμα: here 'spirit' in the malign sense — an unclean spirit.
ἀκαθάρτουuncleanGenitiveattributive adj. modifying πνεύματοςἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; ritual-cultic defilement.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φυλακὴa hauntNominativepredicate nominative (third in the series)φυλακή: repeated for the birds — anaphora heightening the desolation.
παντὸςof everyGenitiveattributive adj. modifying ὀρνέουπᾶς: 'every.'
ὀρνέουbirdGenitivegenitive (occupant)ὄρνεον: 'bird'; carrion and unclean fowl haunt the ruin (cf. Isa 34:11).
ἀκαθάρτουuncleanGenitiveattributive adj. modifying ὀρνέουἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μεμισημένουhatefulPerf Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · μισέωattributive ptc. (second adj.) modifying ὀρνέου→ intensive perfect (settled state — 'detested')μισέω: 'hate, detest'; perf. pass. ptc. 'a thing hated/detested' — abominable creatures.
3

ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πέπωκαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετ’ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.

because all the nations have drunk of the wine of the passion of her immorality, and the kings of the earth committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from the power of her luxury."

Ground of judgmentὅτιὅτι gives the threefold ground for the fall: corrupted nations, fornicating kings, enriched merchants — the three groups whose dirges follow in vv.9–19.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason for the doom.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive/source)ἐκ: partitive 'of' with πέπωκαν.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οἴνου
οἴνουwineGenitiveobject of ἐκ (partitive)οἶνος: 'wine'; the intoxicating draught of her seduction.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θυμοῦ
θυμοῦpassionGenitivegenitive of quality (defining οἴνου)θυμός: 'passion, fury'; here the inflaming passion of her fornication (a deliberate double-entendre with the 'wrath' nuance, cf. 14:8, 10).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with πορνείας
πορνείαςimmoralityGenitivegenitive (defining θυμοῦ)πορνεία: 'fornication, immorality'; idolatrous-commercial harlotry.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
πέπωκανhave drunkPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · πίνωmain verb→ consummative perfect (an accomplished, abiding intoxication)πίνω: 'drink'; perf. πέπωκαν (Koine for πεπώκασιν) — the nations stand intoxicated by her.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adj. modifying ἔθνηπᾶς: 'all.'
τὰtheNominativearticle with ἔθνη
ἔθνηnationsNominativesubject of πέπωκανἔθνος: 'nation, gentile'; the seduced peoples.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with βασιλεῖς
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubject of ἐπόρνευσανβασιλεύς: 'king'; the rulers complicit in her harlotry.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining βασιλεῖς)γῆ: 'earth.'
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with'; here of illicit association.
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of μετά
ἐπόρνευσανcommitted fornicationAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πορνεύωmain verb→ aoristic (summary of their conduct)πορνεύω: 'commit fornication'; political-religious adultery with the harlot.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἔμποροι
ἔμποροιmerchantsNominativesubject of ἐπλούτησανἔμπορος: 'merchant, trader'; the wholesale traders who profited from her.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining ἔμποροι)γῆ: 'earth.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'from'; source of their wealth.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with δυνάμεως
δυνάμεωςpowerGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)δύναμις: 'power, abundance'; here the sheer scale of her wealth-generating luxury.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with στρήνους
στρήνουςluxuryGenitivegenitive (defining δυνάμεως)στρῆνος: 'wantonness, sensual luxury'; arrogant, self-indulgent excess (cf. the verb στρηνιάω, v.7, 9).
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐπλούτησανgrew richAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πλουτέωmain verb→ ingressive aorist ('became rich')πλουτέω: 'be/become rich'; the merchants' gain from her trade.
4

Καὶ ἤκουσα ἄλλην φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λέγουσαν· Ἐξέλθατε ὁ λαός μου ἐξ αὐτῆς, ἵνα μὴ συγκοινωνήσητε ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῶν πληγῶν αὐτῆς ἵνα μὴ λάβητε·

And I heard another voice from heaven saying: "Come out of her, my people, so that you may not share in her sins, and that you may not receive any of her plagues;

New oracle (summons)ΚαὶA second heavenly voice issues the Exodus-and-Jeremiah summons to flee Babylon (Jer 51:45; Isa 48:20), lest God's people be entangled in her guilt and judgment.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (seer's report)→ aoristic (audition report)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the seer's auditory counterpart to εἶδον.
ἄλληνanotherAccusativeattributive adj. modifying φωνὴνἄλλος: 'another'; a distinct heavenly voice.
φωνὴνvoiceAccusativedirect object of ἤκουσαφωνή: 'voice.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'from.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)οὐρανός: 'heaven'; perhaps the voice of God or of Christ.
λέγουσανsayingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · λέγωattributive ptc. modifying φωνὴν (introducing discourse)→ progressive (the ongoing utterance)λέγω: 'say'; agrees with φωνήν.
Ἐξέλθατεcome outAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιimperative (urgent command)→ ingressive-urgent aorist imperativeἐξέρχομαι: 'go/come out'; the Exodus-summons to separate from Babylon.
theNominativearticle with λαός (nominative for vocative)
λαόςpeopleNominativenominative of address (Semitic vocative) — 'O my people'λαός: 'people'; covenant term for God's own — addressed amid Babylon.
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)ἐκ: 'out of'; separation from her.
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of ἐξ
ἵναso thatconjunction introducing negative purpose clauseἵνα: 'so that'; here with μή, negative purpose.
μὴnotnegative particle with subjunctiveμή: 'not.'
συγκοινωνήσητεyou may shareAor Act Subj 2 Pl · συγκοινωνέωsubjunctive in purpose clause→ aoristic (avoidance of partnership)συγκοινωνέω: 'have fellowship/partnership with'; to be co-participant in her sins.
ταῖςtheDativearticle with ἁμαρτίαις
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsDativedative complement of συγκοινωνήσητεἁμαρτία: 'sin'; the guilt one must not share.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)ἐκ: partitive 'of/from' with λάβητε.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with πληγῶν
πληγῶνplaguesGenitiveobject of ἐκ (partitive)πληγή: 'blow, plague'; her judgments (the bowls of chs. 15–16).
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
ἵναthatconjunction introducing negative purpose clauseἵνα: 'that'; second purpose clause.
μὴnotnegative particle with subjunctiveμή: 'not.'
λάβητεyou may receiveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · λαμβάνωsubjunctive in purpose clause→ aoristic (avoidance of receiving)λαμβάνω: 'receive, take'; lest they incur her plagues.
5

ὅτι ἐκολλήθησαν αὐτῆς αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ἄχρι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἐμνημόνευσεν ὁ θεὸς τὰ ἀδικήματα αὐτῆς.

because her sins have piled up as high as heaven, and God has remembered her crimes.

Ground of the summonsὅτιὅτι grounds the flight: her sins are heaped to heaven (echoing Jer 51:9; Gen 11:4 — Babel's tower), and God has called her iniquities to account.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because.'
ἐκολλήθησανhave piled upAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · κολλάωmain verb→ aoristic-resultative (an accumulated state)κολλάω: 'join, cleave'; pass. 'were heaped/clung together' — her sins stacked up to heaven.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive (fronted)
αἱtheNominativearticle with ἁμαρτίαι
ἁμαρτίαιsinsNominativesubject of ἐκολλήθησανἁμαρτία: 'sin.'
ἄχριas high aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἄχρι: 'as far as, up to'; spatial extent reaching heaven.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἄχρι (extent)οὐρανός: 'heaven'; the Babel-image of guilt reaching the sky.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμνημόνευσενhas rememberedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μνημονεύωmain verb→ aoristic (decisive recall to judgment)μνημονεύω: 'remember'; God's 'remembering' is judicial reckoning (cf. 16:19).
theNominativearticle with θεὸς
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ἐμνημόνευσενθεός: 'God'; the just Judge.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἀδικήματα
ἀδικήματαcrimesAccusativedirect object of ἐμνημόνευσενἀδίκημα: 'wrong, unjust deed, crime'; her concrete acts of injustice.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
6

ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν, καὶ διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς· ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν·

Render to her just as she herself rendered, and pay her back double according to her deeds; in the cup which she mixed, mix a double portion for her.

Lex talionis commandasyndetonAsyndeton launches the imperatives of retribution (addressed to the agents of judgment): the principle of measure-for-measure, intensified to 'double' (Jer 16:18; 50:29; Isa 40:2 inverted).
ἀπόδοτεrenderAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀποδίδωμιimperative (command of recompense)→ aoristic imperative (decisive requital)ἀποδίδωμι: 'give back, repay'; pay what is due — recompense.
αὐτῇto herDativeindirect object of ἀπόδοτε
ὡςjust ascomparative conjunctionὡς: 'as, just as'; introduces the measure of recompense.
καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive καίκαί: here ascensive, 'even, also.'
αὐτὴshe herselfNominativeintensive pronoun, subject of ἀπέδωκεναὐτός: intensive 'herself.'
ἀπέδωκενrenderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποδίδωμιverb of the comparative clause→ aoristic (her past dealing)ἀποδίδωμι: 'repay'; as she dealt, so let it be dealt to her.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διπλώσατεpay back doubleAor Act Impv 2 Pl · διπλόωimperative→ aoristic imperative (doubled requital)διπλόω: 'double'; render twofold — the penalty of the thief (Exod 22).
τὰtheAccusativearticle with διπλᾶ
διπλᾶdoubleAccusativesubstantival adj., object of διπλώσατε (cognate)διπλοῦς: 'double, twofold'; the doubled measure.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)κατά: 'according to'; the standard of requital.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἔργα
ἔργαdeedsAccusativeobject of κατὰἔργον: 'work, deed'; her works are the measure of her doom.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/means)ἐν: 'in'; in the very cup she mixed.
τῷtheDativearticle with ποτηρίῳ
ποτηρίῳcupDativeobject of ἐνποτήριον: 'cup'; the cup of her seductions becomes the cup of wrath (cf. 17:4).
in whichDativerelative pronoun (dative by attraction) — 'in which'ὅς: relative pronoun; dative attracted to ποτηρίῳ.
ἐκέρασενshe mixedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κεράννυμιverb of relative clause→ aoristic (her past act of mixing)κεράννυμι: 'mix, blend (wine)'; she prepared the draught.
κεράσατεmixAor Act Impv 2 Pl · κεράννυμιimperative→ aoristic imperative (requital in kind)κεράννυμι: 'mix'; mix her own cup for her, doubly strong.
αὐτῇfor herDativedative of advantage/disadvantage
διπλοῦνdoubleAccusativesubstantival adj., object of κεράσατεδιπλοῦς: 'double'; a double draught of wrath.
7

ὅσα ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν καὶ ἐστρηνίασεν, τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος. ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει ὅτι Κάθημαι βασίλισσα, καὶ χήρα οὐκ εἰμί, καὶ πένθος οὐ μὴ ἴδω,

As much as she glorified herself and lived in luxury, by so much give her torment and grief; because in her heart she says, 'I sit a queen; I am no widow, and I shall never see grief,'

Measured retribution + her boastasyndetonA correlative ὅσα…τοσοῦτον balances her self-exaltation against her torment, then ὅτι quotes her proud boast — a triple denial echoing Isa 47:7–8 ('I shall not sit as a widow').
ὅσαas much asAccusativecorrelative relative (accusative of measure)ὅσος: 'as much/many as'; correlative with τοσοῦτον.
ἐδόξασενshe glorifiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δοξάζωverb of the correlative clause→ aoristic (her self-exaltation)δοξάζω: 'glorify'; she lavished glory on herself.
αὑτὴνherselfAccusativereflexive object of ἐδόξασενἑαυτοῦ: reflexive 'herself'; the crasis αὑτήν marks self-glorification.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐστρηνίασενlived in luxuryAor Act Indic 3 Sg · στρηνιάωverb (coordinate with ἐδόξασεν)→ aoristic (her wanton living)στρηνιάω: 'live luxuriously/wantonly'; cognate of στρῆνος (v.3).
τοσοῦτονby so muchAccusativecorrelative demonstrative (accusative of measure)τοσοῦτος: 'so much'; answering ὅσα.
δότεgiveAor Act Impv 2 Pl · δίδωμιimperative→ aoristic imperative (measured requital)δίδωμι: 'give'; mete out to her.
αὐτῇto herDativeindirect object of δότε
βασανισμὸνtormentAccusativedirect object of δότεβασανισμός: 'torment, torture'; the anguish of judgment.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πένθοςgriefAccusativedirect object of δότε (coordinate)πένθος: 'mourning, grief'; the sorrow she denied she would know.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)ἐν: 'in.'
τῇtheDativearticle with καρδίᾳ
καρδίᾳheartDativeobject of ἐν (sphere of inner speech)καρδία: 'heart'; the seat of her secret pride.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
λέγειshe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing her boast)→ progressive/iterative present (her habitual self-talk)λέγω: 'say'; her inward, presumptuous claim.
ὅτι(that)recitative ὅτι (introduces direct quotation)ὅτι: recitative, marking the quoted words.
ΚάθημαιI sitPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb of her boast→ stative present (enthroned security)κάθημαι: 'sit, be enthroned'; she sits as queen — Isa 47:8.
βασίλισσαa queenNominativepredicate nominativeβασίλισσα: 'queen'; her self-arrogated sovereignty.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
χήραa widowNominativepredicate nominativeχήρα: 'widow'; she denies the bereavement she will suffer.
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
εἰμίI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; 'I am no widow.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πένθοςgriefAccusativedirect object of ἴδω (fronted)πένθος: 'mourning.'
οὐnevernegative (with μὴ = emphatic denial)οὐ: with μή forms the emphatic οὐ μή.
μὴby no meansemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή — strongest denial.
ἴδωI shall seeAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ὁράωsubjunctive of emphatic negation (future denial)→ aoristic (categorical denial of ever experiencing grief)ὁράω: 'see, experience'; she swears she will never know mourning.
8

διὰ τοῦτο ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς, θάνατος καὶ πένθος καὶ λιμός, καὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται· ὅτι ἰσχυρὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ κρίνας αὐτήν.

for this reason in a single day her plagues will come — death and grief and famine — and she will be burned up with fire; for mighty is the Lord God who has judged her.

Verdict (consequence)διὰ τοῦτοδιὰ τοῦτο draws the verdict from her boast: in 'one day' (suddenness) her plagues fall — death, grief, famine, fire — for the Judge is mighty (Isa 47:9, 'in one day').
διὰforpreposition + accusative (cause)διά: with τοῦτο, 'for this reason.'
τοῦτοthis reasonAccusativeobject of διὰ (causal)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)ἐν: temporal 'in, within.'
μιᾷa singleDativeattributive numeral modifying ἡμέρᾳεἷς: 'one'; 'in one day' — suddenness of doom.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativeobject of ἐν (time)ἡμέρα: 'day.'
ἥξουσινwill comeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb→ future (certain arrival)ἥκω: 'come, arrive'; her plagues will descend at once.
αἱtheNominativearticle with πληγαὶ
πληγαὶplaguesNominativesubject of ἥξουσινπληγή: 'plague, blow.'
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
θάνατοςdeathNominativenominative in apposition to πληγαὶθάνατος: 'death'; possibly 'pestilence' (LXX usage).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πένθοςgriefNominativeapposition to πληγαὶπένθος: 'mourning.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λιμόςfamineNominativeapposition to πληγαὶλιμός: 'famine, hunger.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)ἐν: instrumental 'with.'
πυρὶfireDativeobject of ἐν (means)πῦρ: 'fire'; her burning (cf. 17:16; 18:9).
κατακαυθήσεταιshe will be burned upFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb→ future passive (decreed destruction)κατακαίω: 'burn down/up completely'; total consumption.
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for.'
ἰσχυρὸςmightyNominativepredicate adjective (fronted, emphatic)ἰσχυρός: 'strong, mighty'; the ground of her certain doom.
κύριοςLordNominativesubject (with ὁ θεὸς) of implied copulaκύριος: 'Lord'; the divine Judge.
theNominativearticle with θεὸς
θεὸςGodNominativesubject (apposition to κύριος)θεός: 'God.'
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the participle
κρίναςwho has judgedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κρίνωsubstantival ptc. in apposition to ὁ θεὸς→ aoristic (decisive judicial act)κρίνω: 'judge'; God as the one who has pronounced her sentence.
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object of κρίνας
9

Καὶ κλαύσουσιν καὶ κόψονται ἐπ’ αὐτὴν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς οἱ μετ’ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καὶ στρηνιάσαντες, ὅταν βλέπωσιν τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς,

And the kings of the earth who committed fornication and lived in luxury with her will weep and wail over her, when they see the smoke of her burning,

First dirge (kings)ΚαὶThe first of three laments. The kings — complicit in her harlotry — mourn from afar at the sight of her smoke, drawing on Ezekiel's dirge over Tyre (Ezek 26–27).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κλαύσουσινwill weepFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κλαίωmain verb→ future (the coming lament)κλαίω: 'weep, wail'; loud mourning.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κόψονταιwill wailFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · κόπτωmain verb (coordinate)→ future middle (beat themselves in grief)κόπτω: mid. 'beat (the breast), mourn'; ritual lamentation.
ἐπ’overpreposition + accusative (concerning)ἐπί: 'over, concerning'; the object of mourning.
αὐτὴνherAccusativeobject of ἐπ’
οἱtheNominativearticle with βασιλεῖς
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubject of κλαύσουσινβασιλεύς: 'king.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining βασιλεῖς)γῆ: 'earth.'
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the participles
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with.'
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of μετά
πορνεύσαντεςhaving fornicatedAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πορνεύωattributive ptc. modifying βασιλεῖς→ aoristic (their past complicity)πορνεύω: 'commit fornication'; their illicit dealings with her.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
στρηνιάσαντεςlived in luxuryAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · στρηνιάωattributive ptc. (coordinate) modifying βασιλεῖς→ aoristic (their shared wantonness)στρηνιάω: 'live luxuriously'; partook of her excess.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction + subjunctiveὅταν: 'whenever, when'; with βλέπωσιν.
βλέπωσινthey seePres Act Subj 3 Pl · βλέπωsubjunctive in temporal clause→ progressive (contemplating the sight)βλέπω: 'see, look at'; the moment of their lament.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with καπνὸν
καπνὸνsmokeAccusativedirect object of βλέπωσινκαπνός: 'smoke'; the rising smoke of her conflagration.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with πυρώσεως
πυρώσεωςburningGenitivegenitive (source of the smoke)πύρωσις: 'burning, conflagration'; her fiery destruction.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
10

ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἑστηκότες διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς, λέγοντες· Οὐαὶ οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, Βαβυλὼν ἡ πόλις ἡ ἰσχυρά, ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις σου.

standing far off because of the fear of her torment, saying: "Alas, alas, the great city, Babylon the mighty city! For in a single hour your judgment has come."

The kings' lament (quoted)asyndetonTheir dirge, voiced from a fearful distance: the doubled woe and the lament that in 'one hour' (suddenness again) the great city's judgment has come.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (with μακρόθεν)ἀπό: 'from'; reinforces μακρόθεν.
μακρόθενfar offadverb of placeμακρόθεν: 'from afar'; they dare not draw near.
ἑστηκότεςstandingPerf Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἵστημιattendant-circumstance ptc. (modifying the kings)→ intensive perfect (stative — 'standing')ἵστημι: perf. 'stand'; they remain at a safe distance.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)διά: 'because of.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with φόβον
φόβονfearAccusativeobject of διὰ (cause)φόβος: 'fear, dread.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with βασανισμοῦ
βασανισμοῦtormentGenitiveobjective genitive (dread of her torment)βασανισμός: 'torment'; they fear sharing her anguish.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing the dirge→ progressive (their cry)λέγω: 'say.'
Οὐαὶalasinterjection of woeοὐαί: 'woe! alas!'; cry of lament/dread.
οὐαίalasinterjection (repeated for intensity)οὐαί: doubled — the depth of the calamity.
theNominativearticle with πόλις (nominative of address)
πόλιςcityNominativenominative of address ('O great city')πόλις: 'city'; addressed in the lament.
theNominativearticle with μεγάλη
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adj. modifying πόλιςμέγας: 'great'; the refrain ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonNominativenominative in apposition to ἡ πόλιςΒαβυλών: 'Babylon'; the indeclinable name in apposition (nominative of address).
theNominativearticle with πόλις
πόλιςcityNominativeapposition (repeated) — 'the mighty city'πόλις: 'city.'
theNominativearticle with ἰσχυρά
ἰσχυράmightyNominativeattributive adj. modifying πόλιςἰσχυρός: 'strong, mighty'; her once-formidable power.
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for.'
μιᾷa singleDativeattributive numeral modifying ὥρᾳεἷς: 'one'; 'in one hour' — the suddenness motif.
ὥρᾳhourDativedative of time (when)ὥρα: 'hour'; brevity of her ruin.
ἦλθενhas comeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb of the ὅτι-clause→ aoristic (the judgment now arrived)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; her judgment has fallen.
theNominativearticle with κρίσις
κρίσιςjudgmentNominativesubject of ἦλθενκρίσις: 'judgment, condemnation.'
σουyourGenitiveobjective/possessive genitive
11

Καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς κλαίουσιν καὶ πενθοῦσιν ἐπ’ αὐτήν, ὅτι τὸν γόμον αὐτῶν οὐδεὶς ἀγοράζει οὐκέτι,

And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargo any longer —

Second dirge (merchants)ΚαὶThe second lament. The merchants mourn not her but their lost market — 'no one buys' — introducing the great cargo-list (vv.12–13).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἔμποροι
ἔμποροιmerchantsNominativesubject of κλαίουσινἔμπορος: 'merchant.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining ἔμποροι)γῆ: 'earth.'
κλαίουσινweepPres Act Indic 3 Pl · κλαίωmain verb→ progressive present (vivid lament)κλαίω: 'weep.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πενθοῦσινmournPres Act Indic 3 Pl · πενθέωmain verb (coordinate)→ progressive presentπενθέω: 'mourn, grieve.'
ἐπ’overpreposition + accusative (concerning)ἐπί: 'over.'
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of ἐπ’
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with γόμον
γόμονcargoAccusativedirect object of ἀγοράζει (fronted)γόμος: 'cargo, freight'; the ship's lading they cannot sell.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἀγοράζειοὐδείς: 'no one'; the market has utterly collapsed.
ἀγοράζειbuysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀγοράζωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ progressive present (the ongoing dearth of buyers)ἀγοράζω: 'buy, purchase'; their trade is dead.
οὐκέτιany longertemporal adverb (negative)οὐκέτι: 'no longer'; the trade is finished.
12

γόμον χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθου τιμίου καὶ μαργαριτῶν καὶ βυσσίνου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ σιρικοῦ καὶ κοκκίνου, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μαρμάρου,

cargo of gold and silver and precious stone and pearls and fine linen and purple and silk and scarlet, and all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory and every article of costliest wood and bronze and iron and marble,

The cargo-list (I)asyndetonAsyndetic apposition to γόμον (v.11): the inventory of Rome's luxury imports, modeled on Ezekiel's catalogue of Tyre's wares (Ezek 27:12–24). The list runs from precious metals and stones to fabrics, woods, and building stone.
γόμονcargoAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὸν γόμον (v.11)γόμος: 'cargo'; resumes the freight, now itemized.
χρυσοῦof goldGenitivegenitive of content/materialχρυσός: 'gold.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀργύρουsilverGenitivegenitive of contentἄργυρος: 'silver.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λίθουprecious stoneGenitivegenitive of contentλίθος: 'stone'; here gemstone.
τιμίουpreciousGenitiveattributive adj. modifying λίθουτίμιος: 'precious, costly.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαργαριτῶνpearlsGenitivegenitive of contentμαργαρίτης: 'pearl'; a prized luxury (cf. 17:4).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βυσσίνουfine linenGenitivegenitive of contentβύσσινος: 'fine linen'; costly Egyptian cloth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of contentπορφύρα: 'purple (cloth/dye)'; emblem of royalty and wealth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σιρικοῦsilkGenitivegenitive of contentσιρικός: 'silk'; a rare and costly Eastern import.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of contentκόκκινος: 'scarlet (cloth)'; the harlot's own color (17:4).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶνall kinds ofAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ξύλονπᾶς: 'all, every (kind of)'; the construction now shifts to accusative.
ξύλονwoodAccusativeaccusative (apposition to γόμον)ξύλον: 'wood, timber.'
θύϊνονcitronAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ξύλονθύϊνος: 'of citron/thyine wood'; a fragrant, prized North-African timber.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adj. modifying σκεῦοςπᾶς: 'every.'
σκεῦοςarticleAccusativeaccusative (apposition to γόμον)σκεῦος: 'vessel, article, implement.'
ἐλεφάντινονof ivoryAccusativeattributive adj. modifying σκεῦοςἐλεφάντινος: 'of ivory.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adj. modifying σκεῦοςπᾶς: 'every.'
σκεῦοςarticleAccusativeaccusative (apposition to γόμον)σκεῦος: 'article, vessel.'
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)ἐκ: 'made of'; material source.
ξύλουwoodGenitiveobject of ἐκ (material)ξύλον: 'wood.'
τιμιωτάτουcostliestGenitivesuperlative adj. modifying ξύλουτίμιος: superl. 'most precious, costliest.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
χαλκοῦbronzeGenitivegenitive of material (with ξύλου series)χαλκός: 'bronze, copper.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σιδήρουironGenitivegenitive of materialσίδηρος: 'iron.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαρμάρουmarbleGenitivegenitive of materialμάρμαρος: 'marble'; the building-stone of imperial splendor.
13

καὶ κιννάμωμον καὶ ἄμωμον καὶ θυμιάματα καὶ μύρον καὶ λίβανον καὶ οἶνον καὶ ἔλαιον καὶ σεμίδαλιν καὶ σῖτον καὶ κτήνη καὶ πρόβατα, καὶ ἵππων καὶ ῥεδῶν καὶ σωμάτων, καὶ ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων.

and cinnamon and spice and incense and myrrh and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep, and horses and carriages and slaves — that is, the souls of men.

The cargo-list (II) — climaxκαὶThe inventory continues with spices, foodstuffs, livestock, and transport, culminating in the chilling final items: σωμάτων ('bodies' = slaves) and, in a deliberate shift to the accusative, ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων ('souls of men') — the human merchandise at the bottom of Babylon's trade.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κιννάμωμονcinnamonAccusativeaccusative (apposition to γόμον)κιννάμωμον: 'cinnamon'; costly aromatic spice.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἄμωμονspiceAccusativeaccusative (apposition)ἄμωμον: 'amomum'; a fragrant Indian spice-plant.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θυμιάματαincenseAccusativeaccusative (apposition)θυμίαμα: 'incense, perfume.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μύρονmyrrhAccusativeaccusative (apposition)μύρον: 'ointment, myrrh-perfume.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λίβανονfrankincenseAccusativeaccusative (apposition)λίβανος: 'frankincense.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἶνονwineAccusativeaccusative (apposition)οἶνος: 'wine.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔλαιονolive oilAccusativeaccusative (apposition)ἔλαιον: 'olive oil.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σεμίδαλινfine flourAccusativeaccusative (apposition)σεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σῖτονwheatAccusativeaccusative (apposition)σῖτος: 'wheat, grain'; Rome's staple imports.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κτήνηcattleAccusativeaccusative (apposition)κτῆνος: 'beast of burden, cattle.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πρόβαταsheepAccusativeaccusative (apposition)πρόβατον: 'sheep.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἵππωνhorsesGenitivegenitive (the construction reverts to genitive of content)ἵππος: 'horse.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ῥεδῶνcarriagesGenitivegenitive of contentῥέδα: 'carriage, four-wheeled chariot'; a Latin loanword (raeda).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σωμάτωνslavesGenitivegenitive of content (σώματα = 'bodies,' i.e. slaves)σῶμα: 'body'; the commercial idiom for chattel slaves — the trade reduces persons to merchandise.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (epexegetical)καί: here epexegetical, 'that is.'
ψυχὰςsoulsAccusativeaccusative (a jarring shift from the genitive — apposition to γόμον, or accusative of respect)ψυχή: 'soul, life, person'; the climactic, accusatory phrase 'souls of men' (cf. Ezek 27:13) — Babylon traffics in human lives.
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitiveobjective/possessive genitive modifying ψυχὰςἄνθρωπος: 'human being, man.'
14

καὶ ἡ ὀπώρα σου τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπῆλθεν ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ λιπαρὰ καὶ τὰ λαμπρὰ ἀπώλετο ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν.

"The ripe fruit your soul longed for has gone from you, and all the dainties and the splendors are lost to you, never again to be found."

Apostrophe to Babylon (in the merchants' dirge)καὶA direct apostrophe (2nd-person σου) interjected into the dirge: her cherished luxuries are gone, never to be found again — the threefold 'no more' that will dominate vv.21–23.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with ὀπώρα
ὀπώραripe fruitNominativesubject of ἀπῆλθενὀπώρα: 'ripe (late-summer) fruit, harvest'; figure for coveted luxuries.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive (2nd pers., addressing Babylon)
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ἐπιθυμίας
ἐπιθυμίαςlongingGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀπώρα)ἐπιθυμία: 'desire, craving'; her soul's coveting.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ψυχῆς
ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive (subjective — 'your soul's longing')ψυχή: 'soul, appetite'; the seat of her craving.
ἀπῆλθενhas goneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ aoristic (definitive departure)ἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'; the fruit is gone for good.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)ἀπό: 'from.'
σοῦyouGenitiveobject of ἀπὸ
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάνταallNominativeattributive adj. modifying τὰ λιπαρὰπᾶς: 'all.'
τὰtheNominativearticle substantizing λιπαρὰ
λιπαρὰdaintiesNominativesubstantival adj., subject of ἀπώλετολιπαρός: 'rich, sumptuous, fat'; luxurious delicacies.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle substantizing λαμπρὰ
λαμπρὰsplendorsNominativesubstantival adj. (coordinate subject)λαμπρός: 'bright, splendid, sumptuous'; glittering finery.
ἀπώλετοare lostAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (sg. with neut. pl. subject)→ aoristic (irrevocable loss)ἀπόλλυμι: mid. 'perish, be lost'; vanished beyond recovery.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)ἀπό: 'from.'
σοῦyouGenitiveobject of ἀπὸ
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκέτιnever againtemporal adverb (negative)οὐκέτι: 'no longer'; reinforced by οὐ μή.
οὐby no meansemphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή, strongest denial.
μὴwillemphatic negation with future/subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of εὑρήσουσιναὐτός: 'them' (the luxuries).
εὑρήσουσινwill they findFut Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωfuture of emphatic negation→ future (categorical: never to be found)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; gone irretrievably.
15

οἱ ἔμποροι τούτων, οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπ’ αὐτῆς, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν στήσονται διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς, κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες,

The merchants of these wares, who grew rich from her, will stand far off because of the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,

Resumption of the merchants' dirgeasyndetonAfter the apostrophe, the dirge resumes: the merchants, enriched by her, stand at a fearful distance — the same posture as the kings (v.10) — weeping and mourning.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἔμποροι
ἔμποροιmerchantsNominativesubject of στήσονταιἔμπορος: 'merchant.'
τούτωνof these waresGenitivegenitive (defining ἔμποροι — dealers in these things)οὗτος: 'these'; the goods of vv.12–13.
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the participle
πλουτήσαντεςhaving grown richAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πλουτέωattributive ptc. modifying ἔμποροι→ aoristic (their past enrichment)πλουτέω: 'become rich'; their wealth came from her.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπό: 'from'; source of their gain.
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of ἀπ’
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (with μακρόθεν)ἀπό: 'from.'
μακρόθενfar offadverb of placeμακρόθεν: 'from afar.'
στήσονταιwill standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ future middle (they will take their stand)ἵστημι: mid. 'stand'; at a safe distance from her doom.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)διά: 'because of.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with φόβον
φόβονfearAccusativeobject of διὰ (cause)φόβος: 'fear, dread.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with βασανισμοῦ
βασανισμοῦtormentGenitiveobjective genitiveβασανισμός: 'torment.'
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
κλαίοντεςweepingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κλαίωattendant-circumstance ptc.→ progressive (their lament)κλαίω: 'weep.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πενθοῦντεςmourningPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πενθέωattendant-circumstance ptc. (coordinate)→ progressive (their grief)πενθέω: 'mourn.'
16

λέγοντες· Οὐαὶ οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον καὶ πορφυροῦν καὶ κόκκινον, καὶ κεχρυσωμένη ἐν χρυσίῳ καὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ καὶ μαργαρίτῃ,

saying: "Alas, alas, the great city, clothed in fine linen and purple and scarlet, adorned with gold and precious stone and pearl!

The merchants' lament (quoted)asyndetonTheir dirge, echoing the kings' doubled woe, dwells on her finery — the harlot's adornment of 17:4 — now to be stripped from her in a single hour.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing the dirge→ progressive (their cry)λέγω: 'say.'
Οὐαὶalasinterjection of woeοὐαί: 'woe! alas!'
οὐαίalasinterjection (repeated)οὐαί: doubled for intensity.
theNominativearticle with πόλις (nominative of address)
πόλιςcityNominativenominative of addressπόλις: 'city.'
theNominativearticle with μεγάλη
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adj. modifying πόλιςμέγας: 'great.'
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the participle
περιβεβλημένηclothedPerf Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · περιβάλλωattributive ptc. modifying ἡ πόλις→ intensive perfect (settled, decked state)περιβάλλω: 'clothe, wrap around'; her sumptuous attire (cf. 17:4).
βύσσινονfine linenAccusativeaccusative of respect/content with περιβεβλημένηβύσσινος: 'fine linen.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πορφυροῦνpurpleAccusativeaccusative (coordinate with βύσσινον)πορφυροῦς: 'purple (cloth).'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeaccusative (coordinate)κόκκινος: 'scarlet.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κεχρυσωμένηadornedPerf Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · χρυσόωattributive ptc. (coordinate) modifying ἡ πόλις→ intensive perfect (gilded state)χρυσόω: 'gild, adorn with gold'; bedecked in gold.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means/adornment)ἐν: instrumental 'with.'
χρυσίῳgoldDativeobject of ἐν (means)χρυσίον: 'gold (ornament).'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λίθῳstoneDativeobject of ἐν (coordinate)λίθος: 'stone'; gemstone.
τιμίῳpreciousDativeattributive adj. modifying λίθῳτίμιος: 'precious.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαργαρίτῃpearlDativeobject of ἐν (coordinate)μαργαρίτης: 'pearl.'
17

ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος. Καὶ πᾶς κυβερνήτης καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἐπὶ τόπον πλέων καὶ ναῦται καὶ ὅσοι τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν,

For in a single hour such great wealth has been laid waste!" And every shipmaster and everyone who sails to a place, and sailors and all who make their living by the sea, stood far off,

Close of merchants' dirge + third dirge (mariners)ὅτιὅτι caps the merchants' lament ('such wealth ruined in one hour'); then Καὶ opens the third dirge — the seafarers who, like the others, stand off and mourn (Ezek 27:28–30).
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for.'
μιᾷa singleDativeattributive numeral modifying ὥρᾳεἷς: 'one'; the suddenness refrain.
ὥρᾳhourDativedative of timeὥρα: 'hour.'
ἠρημώθηhas been laid wasteAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐρημόωmain verb→ aoristic passive (sudden devastation)ἐρημόω: 'lay waste, desolate'; her wealth reduced to ruin.
theNominativearticle with πλοῦτος
τοσοῦτοςsuch greatNominativeattributive demonstrative modifying πλοῦτοςτοσοῦτος: 'so great, such.'
πλοῦτοςwealthNominativesubject of ἠρημώθηπλοῦτος: 'wealth, riches.'
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (new dirge)
πᾶςeveryNominativeattributive adj. modifying κυβερνήτηςπᾶς: 'every.'
κυβερνήτηςshipmasterNominativesubject of ἔστησανκυβερνήτης: 'helmsman, ship's captain.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adj. (with ptc.) subjectπᾶς: 'everyone.'
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the participle
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal/place)ἐπί: 'to, toward (a place)'; the variant reading τόπον ('to a place') is read here.
τόπονa placeAccusativeobject of ἐπὶτόπος: 'place'; destination of the voyage.
πλέωνwho sailsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πλέωsubstantival ptc. (with article ὁ)→ progressive (the seafaring trade)πλέω: 'sail'; coastal/sea traders.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ναῦταιsailorsNominativesubject (coordinate)ναύτης: 'sailor, mariner.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅσοιall whoNominativerelative pronoun, subject of ἐργάζονταιὅσος: 'as many as, all who.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with θάλασσαν
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of ἐργάζονταιθάλασσα: 'sea'; their place of livelihood.
ἐργάζονταιmake their living byPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐργάζομαιverb of the relative clause→ progressive (their ongoing trade)ἐργάζομαι: 'work, trade, earn'; 'work the sea' = make a living from it.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (with μακρόθεν)ἀπό: 'from.'
μακρόθενfar offadverb of placeμακρόθεν: 'from afar.'
ἔστησανstoodAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ aoristic (took their stand at a distance)ἵστημι: 'stand'; like the kings and merchants.
18

καὶ ἔκραζον βλέποντες τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς λέγοντες· Τίς ὁμοία τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ;

and they cried out as they watched the smoke of her burning, saying: "What city was like the great city?"

The mariners' cryκαὶTheir lament takes the form of a rhetorical question of incomparability ('What was like her?') — drawn from Ezekiel's dirge over Tyre (Ezek 27:32).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔκραζονthey cried outImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κράζωmain verb→ imperfect (repeated, prolonged crying)κράζω: 'cry out'; the iterative imperfect paints the ongoing wail.
βλέποντεςwatchingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · βλέπωtemporal/attendant-circumstance ptc.→ progressive (as they gazed)βλέπω: 'look at, watch.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with καπνὸν
καπνὸνsmokeAccusativedirect object of βλέποντεςκαπνός: 'smoke.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with πυρώσεως
πυρώσεωςburningGenitivegenitive (source of the smoke)πύρωσις: 'burning, conflagration.'
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing the cry→ progressive (their utterance)λέγω: 'say.'
Τίςwhat cityNominativeinterrogative pronoun, subject of implied copulaτίς: 'who? what?'; rhetorical question of incomparability.
ὁμοίαlikeNominativepredicate adjectiveὅμοιος: 'like, similar'; none compared to her.
τῇtheDativearticle with πόλει
πόλειcityDativedative of comparison (complement of ὁμοία)πόλις: 'city.'
τῇtheDativearticle with μεγάλῃ
μεγάλῃgreatDativeattributive adj. modifying πόλειμέγας: 'great'; the refrain again.
19

καὶ ἔβαλον χοῦν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἔκραζον κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες, λέγοντες· Οὐαὶ οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἐν ᾗ ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰ πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐκ τῆς τιμιότητος αὐτῆς, ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη.

And they threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and mourning, saying: "Alas, alas, the great city, by which all who had ships on the sea grew rich from her wealth! For in a single hour she has been laid waste."

Climax of the mariners' dirgeκαὶThe seafarers' grief peaks: dust on the head (Ezek 27:30), the doubled woe, and the lament that the source of their wealth is desolated in one hour — closing the threefold dirge.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔβαλονthey threwAor Act Indic 3 Pl · βάλλωmain verb→ aoristic (the act of mourning)βάλλω: 'throw, cast'; the mourning gesture.
χοῦνdustAccusativedirect object of ἔβαλονχοῦς: 'dust, soil'; thrown on the head in grief.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (place)ἐπί: 'upon.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with κεφαλὰς
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativeobject of ἐπὶκεφαλή: 'head.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔκραζονcried outImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κράζωmain verb→ imperfect (prolonged crying)κράζω: 'cry out.'
κλαίοντεςweepingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κλαίωattendant-circumstance ptc.→ progressive (their lament)κλαίω: 'weep.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πενθοῦντεςmourningPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πενθέωattendant-circumstance ptc. (coordinate)→ progressive (their grief)πενθέω: 'mourn.'
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing the dirge→ progressive (their cry)λέγω: 'say.'
Οὐαὶalasinterjection of woeοὐαί: 'woe! alas!'
οὐαίalasinterjection (repeated)οὐαί: doubled.
theNominativearticle with πόλις (nominative of address)
πόλιςcityNominativenominative of addressπόλις: 'city.'
theNominativearticle with μεγάλη
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adj. modifying πόλιςμέγας: 'great.'
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)ἐν: instrumental 'by, through.'
whichDativerelative pronoun (object of ἐν)ὅς: relative pronoun, dative.
ἐπλούτησανgrew richAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πλουτέωverb of the relative clause→ ingressive aorist ('became rich')πλουτέω: 'become rich'; their wealth came through her.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adj. (with substantival ptc.) subjectπᾶς: 'all.'
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the participle
ἔχοντεςwho hadPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ progressive (possession)ἔχω: 'have'; ship-owners.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with πλοῖα
πλοῖαshipsAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντεςπλοῖον: 'ship, boat.'
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'on, in.'
τῇtheDativearticle with θαλάσσῃ
θαλάσσῃseaDativeobject of ἐν (place)θάλασσα: 'sea.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'from'; source of wealth.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with τιμιότητος
τιμιότητοςwealthGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)τιμιότης: 'costliness, abundance of precious things, wealth'; her opulence.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for.'
μιᾷa singleDativeattributive numeral modifying ὥρᾳεἷς: 'one'; the suddenness refrain (third time).
ὥρᾳhourDativedative of timeὥρα: 'hour.'
ἠρημώθηshe has been laid wasteAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐρημόωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ aoristic passive (sudden devastation)ἐρημόω: 'lay waste, make desolate.'
20

Εὐφραίνου ἐπ’ αὐτῇ, οὐρανέ, καὶ οἱ ἅγιοι καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ προφῆται, ὅτι ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς.

Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, because God has judged your judgment against her!

Heaven's call to rejoiceasyndetonThe counterpoint to the dirges: heaven and the redeemed are summoned to rejoice, for God has executed on Babylon the verdict she pronounced upon them — vindicating the martyrs (cf. Jer 51:48; Deut 32:43).
ΕὐφραίνουrejoicePres Mid Impv 2 Sg · εὐφραίνωimperative (summons to joy)→ progressive present imperative (sustained rejoicing)εὐφραίνω: mid. 'rejoice, be glad'; addressed first to heaven.
ἐπ’overpreposition + dative (cause/occasion)ἐπί: 'over, on account of.'
αὐτῇherDativeobject of ἐπ’ (occasion of joy)
οὐρανέO heavenVocativevocative of addressοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the first addressee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἅγιοι (nominative for vocative)
ἅγιοιsaintsNominativenominative of address (coordinate vocative)ἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the people of God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἀπόστολοι
ἀπόστολοιapostlesNominativenominative of address (coordinate)ἀπόστολος: 'apostle'; commissioned envoys of Christ.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with προφῆται
προφῆταιprophetsNominativenominative of address (coordinate)προφήτης: 'prophet'; whose blood she shed (v.24).
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because.'
ἔκρινενhas judgedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρίνωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ aoristic (the vindicating verdict)κρίνω: 'judge'; God has passed sentence on her.
theNominativearticle with θεὸς
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ἔκρινενθεός: 'God.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle with κρίμα
κρίμαjudgmentAccusativecognate accusative (object of ἔκρινεν)κρίμα: 'judgment, verdict, case'; here 'your case/cause' — God has vindicated it. 'God has judged your judgment against her' = avenged the sentence she passed on you.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive (subjective/objective — 'the judgment concerning you')
ἐξagainstpreposition + genitive (separation/source — 'exacted from')ἐκ: 'out of, from'; here 'exacted from her,' i.e. avenged against her.
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of ἐξ
21

Καὶ ἦρεν εἷς ἄγγελος ἰσχυρὸς λίθον ὡς μύλινον μέγαν, καὶ ἔβαλεν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν λέγων· Οὕτως ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη πόλις, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι.

And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying: "So with violence shall Babylon the great city be thrown down, and shall never be found again."

Symbolic act (the millstone)ΚαὶA prophetic sign-act (cf. Jer 51:63–64): a mighty angel hurls a millstone into the sea as a token of Babylon's violent, irreversible fall — introducing the sevenfold 'no more' (vv.21–23).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦρενtook upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · αἴρωmain verb→ aoristic (the lifting)αἴρω: 'take up, lift.'
εἷςaNominativenumeral functioning as indefinite article modifying ἄγγελοςεἷς: 'one'; here weakened to 'a (certain).'
ἄγγελοςangelNominativesubject of ἦρενἄγγελος: 'angel.'
ἰσχυρὸςmightyNominativeattributive adj. modifying ἄγγελοςἰσχυρός: 'strong, mighty'; cf. 5:2; 10:1.
λίθονstoneAccusativedirect object of ἦρενλίθος: 'stone.'
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: 'like, as'; comparison.
μύλινονmillstoneAccusativeattributive adj. (substantival) — 'a millstone'μύλινος: 'of a mill, millstone'; a great grinding-stone.
μέγανgreatAccusativeattributive adj. modifying λίθον/μύλινονμέγας: 'great, large.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔβαλενthrewAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βάλλωmain verb→ aoristic (the casting)βάλλω: 'throw, cast.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with θάλασσαν
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of εἰςθάλασσα: 'sea.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of speech introducing the oracle→ progressive (the angel's word)λέγω: 'say.'
Οὕτωςsoadverb of manner (the sign's meaning)οὕτως: 'thus, in this way'; interprets the sign-act.
ὁρμήματιwith violenceDativedative of mannerὅρμημα: 'violent rush, impulse, force'; the hurled stone's violence.
βληθήσεταιshall be thrown downFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · βάλλωmain verb of the oracle→ future passive (decreed downfall)βάλλω: 'throw, cast down'; her violent, sudden fall.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonNominativesubject of βληθήσεταιΒαβυλών: 'Babylon'; indeclinable name as nominative subject.
theNominativearticle with πόλις
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adj. modifying πόλιςμέγας: 'great.'
πόλιςcityNominativeapposition to Βαβυλὼνπόλις: 'city.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή, strongest denial.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
εὑρεθῇbe foundAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical: never found again)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; she vanishes utterly.
ἔτιanymoretemporal adverbἔτι: 'still, anymore'; the first of the 'no more' refrains.
22

καὶ φωνὴ κιθαρῳδῶν καὶ μουσικῶν καὶ αὐλητῶν καὶ σαλπιστῶν οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι, καὶ πᾶς τεχνίτης πάσης τέχνης οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι, καὶ φωνὴ μύλου οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι,

And the sound of harpists and musicians and flautists and trumpeters shall never be heard in you again, and no craftsman of any craft shall ever be found in you again, and the sound of a mill shall never be heard in you again,

The silencing (I)καὶThe dirge of total cessation begins: music, craft, and the homely sound of the millstone are forever stilled in her — each clause sealed with οὐ μὴ … ἔτι ('never again').
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνὴsoundNominativesubject of ἀκουσθῇφωνή: 'sound, voice.'
κιθαρῳδῶνof harpistsGenitivegenitive (source of the sound)κιθαρῳδός: 'harpist, lyre-singer.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μουσικῶνmusiciansGenitivegenitive (coordinate)μουσικός: 'musician.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐλητῶνflautistsGenitivegenitive (coordinate)αὐλητής: 'flute-player.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σαλπιστῶνtrumpetersGenitivegenitive (coordinate)σαλπιστής: 'trumpeter.'
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή, strongest denial.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
ἀκουσθῇbe heardAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical silence)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the music is forever stilled.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν (2nd pers., addressing Babylon)
ἔτιagaintemporal adverbἔτι: 'still, anymore.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶςanyNominativeattributive adj. modifying τεχνίτηςπᾶς: 'every, any' (with negation, 'no').
τεχνίτηςcraftsmanNominativesubject of εὑρεθῇτεχνίτης: 'craftsman, artisan.'
πάσηςof anyGenitiveattributive adj. modifying τέχνηςπᾶς: 'every, any.'
τέχνηςcraftGenitivegenitive (defining τεχνίτης)τέχνη: 'craft, trade, skill.'
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
εὑρεθῇbe foundAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical absence)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; no artisan remains.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἔτιagaintemporal adverbἔτι: 'anymore.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνὴsoundNominativesubject of ἀκουσθῇφωνή: 'sound.'
μύλουof a millGenitivegenitive (source of the sound)μύλος: 'mill, millstone'; the everyday sound of grinding grain (cf. Jer 25:10).
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
ἀκουσθῇbe heardAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical silence)ἀκούω: 'hear.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἔτιagaintemporal adverbἔτι: 'anymore.'
23

καὶ φῶς λύχνου οὐ μὴ φάνῃ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι, καὶ φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροί σου ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη,

and the light of a lamp shall never shine in you again, and the voice of bridegroom and bride shall never be heard in you again; because your merchants were the magnates of the earth, because by your sorcery all the nations were led astray —

The silencing (II) + groundκαὶThe lamp's light and the wedding song — emblems of life and joy — are extinguished; a double ὅτι gives the reason: her merchants were the earth's grandees, and by her sorcery she deceived the nations.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φῶςlightNominativesubject of φάνῃφῶς: 'light.'
λύχνουof a lampGenitivegenitive (source of the light)λύχνος: 'lamp'; the homely light of a lived-in city.
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
φάνῃshineAor Act Subj 3 Sg · φαίνωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical darkness)φαίνω: 'shine, give light, appear.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἔτιagaintemporal adverbἔτι: 'anymore.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φωνὴvoiceNominativesubject of ἀκουσθῇφωνή: 'voice, sound.'
νυμφίουof bridegroomGenitivegenitive (source of the voice)νυμφίος: 'bridegroom'; the wedding-joy now silenced (Jer 25:10).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
νύμφηςbrideGenitivegenitive (coordinate)νύμφη: 'bride.'
οὐneveremphatic negation (with μή)οὐ: with μή.
μὴagainemphatic negation with aor. subj.μή: completes οὐ μή.
ἀκουσθῇbe heardAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aoristic (categorical silence)ἀκούω: 'hear.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
σοὶyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἔτιagaintemporal adverbἔτι: 'anymore.'
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because'; first ground.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἔμποροί
ἔμποροίmerchantsNominativesubject of ἦσανἔμπορος: 'merchant.'
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ imperfect (their former eminence)εἰμί: 'be.'
οἱtheNominativearticle with μεγιστᾶνες
μεγιστᾶνεςmagnatesNominativepredicate nominativeμεγιστάν: 'great one, magnate, grandee'; her traders were the world's powerful.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining μεγιστᾶνες)γῆ: 'earth.'
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because'; second ground.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)ἐν: instrumental 'by.'
τῇtheDativearticle with φαρμακείᾳ
φαρμακείᾳsorceryDativeobject of ἐν (means)φαρμακεία: 'sorcery, magic, drug-craft'; her bewitching seduction of the nations.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐπλανήθησανwere led astrayAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πλανάωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ aoristic passive (the deception accomplished)πλανάω: 'lead astray, deceive'; the nations bewitched.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adj. modifying ἔθνηπᾶς: 'all.'
τὰtheNominativearticle with ἔθνη
ἔθνηnationsNominativesubject of ἐπλανήθησανἔθνος: 'nation.'
24

καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ αἷμα προφητῶν καὶ ἁγίων εὑρέθη καὶ πάντων τῶν ἐσφαγμένων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

and in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints and of all who have been slaughtered on the earth.

Final indictmentκαὶThe climactic charge: Babylon is the murderess of God's people and indeed of all the earth's martyrs (cf. 17:6; Jer 51:49) — the ground that vindicates heaven's rejoicing (v.20).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)ἐν: 'in.'
αὐτῇherDativeobject of ἐν (place — fronted, emphatic)
αἷμαbloodNominativesubject of εὑρέθηαἷμα: 'blood'; the guilt of bloodshed.
προφητῶνof prophetsGenitivegenitive (defining αἷμα)προφήτης: 'prophet.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἁγίωνof saintsGenitivegenitive (coordinate, defining αἷμα)ἅγιος: 'holy one, saint.'
εὑρέθηwas foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ aoristic passive (the discovered guilt)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; her bloodguilt exposed.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάντωνof allGenitiveattributive adj. (with ptc.) defining αἷμαπᾶς: 'all.'
τῶνthoseGenitivearticle substantizing the participle
ἐσφαγμένωνwho have been slaughteredPerf Pass Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · σφάζωsubstantival ptc. (genitive, defining αἷμα)→ intensive perfect (their slain state abides as a witness)σφάζω: 'slaughter, slay'; the verb used of the slain Lamb (5:6) and the martyrs (6:9) — Babylon's victims.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)ἐπί: 'on, upon.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπὶ (place)γῆ: 'earth'; the scope of her murderous guilt — all the slain of history.