Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 21ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΚΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ εἶδον οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν. ὁ γὰρ πρῶτος οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ πρώτη γῆ ἀπῆλθαν, καὶ ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι.

And I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea is no more.

New vision unitκαίThe fourth and climactic 'καὶ εἶδον' vision (cf. 20:11; 20:12) opens the consummation: a renewed cosmos, with the disappearance of the sea — the abode of chaos and the beast (13:1) — signaling the end of all hostile disorder.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (vision marker)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aorist (visionary report)ὁράω: 'see, perceive'; the recurring formula καὶ εἶδον structures the apocalyptic narration.
οὐρανὸνheavenAccusativedirect object of εἶδονοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky'; here the upper half of the renewed creation.
καινὸνnewAccusativeattributive adjective → οὐρανόνκαινός: 'new' in quality/kind (not merely νέος, new in time) — fresh, unprecedented; echoes Isa 65:17; 66:22.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γῆνearthAccusativedirect object of εἶδονγῆ: 'earth, land'; the renewed lower creation paired with the new heaven.
καινήνnewAccusativeattributive adjective → γῆνκαινός: see above; the qualitatively renewed earth.
theNominativearticle → οὐρανός
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (grounds the vision)γάρ: introduces the reason — the old order has departed.
πρῶτοςfirstNominativeattributive adjective → οὐρανόςπρῶτος: 'first, former'; the prior, now-superseded heaven.
οὐρανὸςheavenNominativesubject of ἀπῆλθανοὐρανός: see above; the former sky.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → γῆ
πρώτηfirstNominativeattributive adjective → γῆπρῶτος: 'first, former'; feminine here, with γῆ.
γῆearthNominativesubject of ἀπῆλθανγῆ: see above; the former earth.
ἀπῆλθανpassed awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (compound subject)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart'; the Hellenistic α-aorist ending -αν; the old creation has 'gone.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → θάλασσα
θάλασσαseaNominativesubject of ἔστινθάλασσα: 'sea'; in the Apocalypse the locus of chaos, the beast, and the nations' turmoil — its absence is the absence of all threat.
οὐκnotnegative particle → ἔστινοὐ: objective negation.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be, exist'; present tense vividly marks the abiding new state.
ἔτιany longertemporal adverbἔτι: 'still, any longer'; the sea exists 'no more.'
2

καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινὴν εἶδον καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἡτοιμασμένην ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς.

And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

Vision continuationκαίThe renewed cosmos centers on a city — and the city is at once a bride: the New Jerusalem descends as a gift 'from God,' her readiness expressed in the double perfect participles (prepared, adorned).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → πόλιν
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of εἶδονπόλις: 'city'; the polis as the redeemed community, counterpoint to Babylon (ch. 17–18).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (second attributive) → ἁγίαν
ἁγίανholyAccusativeattributive adjective → πόλινἅγιος: 'holy, set apart'; 'the holy city' is Jerusalem's prophetic title (Isa 52:1).
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeapposition to πόλιν (indeclinable form, accusative by agreement)Ἰερουσαλήμ: the Semitic indeclinable form of the name; here in accusative function in apposition.
καινὴνnewAccusativeattributive adjective → Ἰερουσαλήμκαινός: 'new' in kind; the new Jerusalem over against the old (cf. Gal 4:26).
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; resumes the vision-report formula.
καταβαίνουσανcoming downPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · καταβαίνωptc. in predicate/object complement → πόλιν→ progressive present (vision-in-process)καταβαίνω: 'come/go down'; the city's heavenly origin — it descends, not ascends.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of, from within.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)οὐρανός: 'heaven'; the place from which the city comes.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (origin)ἀπό: 'from'; marks ultimate origin in God.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἀπό (origin)θεός: God; the city is wholly his gift and work.
ἡτοιμασμένηνpreparedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἑτοιμάζωptc. modifying πόλιν/νύμφην→ intensive perfect (settled, ready state)ἑτοιμάζω: 'make ready, prepare'; the divine passive — God has prepared her.
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: 'as, like'; introduces the bridal simile.
νύμφηνa brideAccusativeobject of comparison (ὡς)νύμφη: 'bride'; the city is the Lamb's bride (cf. v.9; 19:7).
κεκοσμημένηνadornedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · κοσμέωptc. modifying νύμφην→ intensive perfect (adorned state)κοσμέω: 'adorn, order'; whence 'cosmetic' — the bride decked for her wedding.
τῷfor theDativearticle → ἀνδρί
ἀνδρὶhusbandDativedative of advantage/interestἀνήρ: 'man, husband'; the bridegroom for whom she is adorned.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession → ἀνδρί
3

καὶ ἤκουσα φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου λεγούσης· ἰδοὺ ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ σκηνώσει μετ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ λαοὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσονται, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτῶν ἔσται, αὐτῶν θεός.

And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Behold, the dwelling of God is with humanity, and he will dwell with them, and they will be his peoples, and God himself will be with them as their God."

Audition (throne-voice)καίThe covenant-formula climax (Lev 26:11–12; Ezek 37:27): God 'tabernacling' with his people. The well-attested plural λαοί ('peoples') universalizes the old singular covenant 'people' (λαός) to all the redeemed nations.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; the seer's audition complements the vision.
φωνῆςa voiceGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσα (thing heard)φωνή: 'voice, sound'; ἀκούω + genitive of the source heard.
μεγάληςloudGenitiveattributive adjective → φωνῆςμέγας: 'great, loud'; the authoritative volume of heaven's announcements.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of, from.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → θρόνου
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)θρόνος: 'throne'; the voice issues from the divine throne.
λεγούσηςsayingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · λέγωptc. modifying φωνῆς (agreeing in gen.)→ progressive present (speech in progress)λέγω: 'say'; here properly agreeing with φωνῆς (gen.), not the Apocalypse's frequent nominative solecism.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (fixed imperatival form)ἰδού: 'behold!'; a frozen demonstrative interjection summoning attention.
theNominativearticle → σκηνή
σκηνὴdwellingNominativesubject (verbless clause)σκηνή: 'tent, tabernacle, dwelling'; evokes the wilderness tabernacle of God's presence.
τοῦofGenitivearticle → θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of possession → σκηνήθεός: God; the tabernacle is his own.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with'; the covenant 'with-ness' (Immanuel).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle → ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνhumanityGenitiveobject of μετά (association)ἄνθρωπος: 'human being, mankind'; the plural with article = humankind.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σκηνώσειhe will dwellFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σκηνόωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureσκηνόω: 'to tent, tabernacle, dwell'; cognate with σκηνή — God will 'tabernacle' (cf. John 1:14).
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with' (elided).
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of μετά
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (intensive/resumptive pronoun)αὐτός: here the subject 'they themselves.'
λαοὶpeoplesNominativepredicate nominative → ἔσονταιλαός: 'people'; the printed plural λαοί universalizes the covenant to many peoples (contrast the variant singular λαός).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession → λαοί
ἔσονταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίlinking verb (future)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be'; deponent future ἔσομαι.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὸςhimselfNominativeintensive pronoun → ὁ θεόςαὐτός: intensive, 'God himself.'
Nominativearticle → θεός
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ἔσταιθεός: God, present in person.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with' (elided).
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of μετά
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (future)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be'; future.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession → θεός
θεόςGodNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition / 'as their God')θεός: the covenant formula's closing 'their God.'
4

καὶ ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, ὅτι τὰ πρῶτα ἀπῆλθαν.

And he will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither shall there be mourning nor crying nor pain any more, for the former things have passed away.

Consequence of God's presenceκαίThe fruit of God's dwelling: the abolition of every sorrow (Isa 25:8). The piled-up οὔτε…οὔτε with redundant οὐκ…ἔτι is emphatic Semitic-style negation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξαλείψειhe will wipe awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαλείφωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureἐξαλείφω: 'wipe out, obliterate'; God's own hand removes every tear (Isa 25:8).
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective → δάκρυονπᾶς: 'every, all'; no tear excepted.
δάκρυονtearAccusativedirect object of ἐξαλείψειδάκρυον: 'tear'; singular collective.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)ἐκ: 'from, out of.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle → ὀφθαλμῶν
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesGenitiveobject of ἐκ (separation)ὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession → ὀφθαλμῶν
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → θάνατος
θάνατοςdeathNominativesubject of ἔσταιθάνατος: 'death'; already cast into the lake of fire (20:14).
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: negation.
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (future, existential)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be.'
ἔτιany longertemporal adverbἔτι: 'still, any longer.'
οὔτεneithercorrelative negative conjunctionοὔτε: 'and not, nor'; first of a triple series.
πένθοςmourningNominativesubject (with following ἔσται)πένθος: 'grief, mourning.'
οὔτεnorcorrelative negative conjunctionοὔτε: 'nor.'
κραυγὴcryingNominativesubjectκραυγή: 'outcry, clamor'; the cry of distress.
οὔτεnorcorrelative negative conjunctionοὔτε: 'nor.'
πόνοςpainNominativesubjectπόνος: 'toil, pain, distress.'
οὐκnotnegative particle (redundant emphatic)οὐ: pleonastic negation reinforcing οὔτε.
ἔσταιshall there beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be.'
ἔτιany moretemporal adverbἔτι: 'any longer.'
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because'; grounds the abolition of sorrow.
τὰtheNominativearticle → πρῶτα
πρῶταformer thingsNominativesubstantival adjective, subject of ἀπῆλθανπρῶτος: 'first, former'; neuter plural = 'the former things' (the old order).
ἀπῆλθανhave passed awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ consummative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'depart'; α-aorist; the old creation is gone (cf. v.1).
5

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ· ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα. καὶ λέγει· γράψον, ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν.

And the one seated on the throne said, "Behold, I am making all things new." And he says, "Write, for these words are faithful and true."

Throne declarationκαίFor the first time since 4:2–11 the enthroned One speaks directly. The programmatic 'I make all things new' (Isa 43:19) is sealed by a command to write — the words are trustworthy and true.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): 'say.'
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the ptc.
καθήμενοςseatedPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival ptc., subject of εἶπεν→ stative present (enthroned posture)κάθημαι: 'sit'; 'the one seated on the throne' is the Apocalypse's standard title for God (4:2).
ἐπὶonpreposition + dative (position)ἐπί: 'on, upon.'
τῷtheDativearticle → θρόνῳ
θρόνῳthroneDativeobject of ἐπί (position)θρόνος: 'throne.'
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'
καινὰnewAccusativepredicate/object complement → πάντακαινός: 'new' in kind; the emphatic fronting stresses the renewal.
ποιῶI am makingPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ progressive/futuristic presentποιέω: 'make, do'; the present declares an act in process toward consummation.
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object of ποιῶπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural — the whole created order.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic presentλέγω: 'say'; vivid present in narration.
γράψονwriteAor Act Impv 2 Sg · γράφωimperative (command to the seer)→ ingressive/constative aorist imperativeγράφω: 'write'; the command to record (cf. 1:11, 19).
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (grounds the command)ὅτι: 'because, for.'
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative → λόγοιοὗτος: 'this'; 'these words.'
οἱtheNominativearticle → λόγοι
λόγοιwordsNominativesubject of εἰσινλόγος: 'word, saying.'
πιστοὶfaithfulNominativepredicate adjective → λόγοιπιστός: 'faithful, trustworthy'; cf. 22:6; 19:9.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀληθινοίtrueNominativepredicate adjective → λόγοιἀληθινός: 'true, genuine.'
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίlinking verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be.'
6

καὶ εἶπέν μοι· γέγοναν. ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος. ἐγὼ τῷ διψῶντι δώσω ἐκ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν.

And he said to me, "They are done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one who thirsts I will give from the spring of the water of life freely."

Throne declaration (self-identification)καίThe plural perfect γέγοναν ('they have come to be / it is done') pronounces the consummation accomplished. God's self-naming (Alpha/Omega, beginning/end; cf. 1:8; 22:13) grounds the free gift of living water (Isa 55:1).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπένhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): 'say.'
μοιto meDativeindirect object (dative)ἐγώ: '(to) me.'
γέγονανthey are donePerf Act Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (perfect, climactic)→ consummative perfect (abiding accomplishment)γίνομαι: 'become, come to pass'; Hellenistic perfect ending -αν for -ασιν; 'it has come to pass / they are done' (cf. 16:17).
ἐγώINominativesubject (emphatic) of εἰμιἐγώ: emphatic 'I.'
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be'; the divine self-predication.
τὸtheNominativearticle → ἄλφα
ἄλφαAlphaNominativepredicate nominative → ἐγώἄλφα: the first letter of the Greek alphabet (indeclinable noun, here nom. by syntax).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → ὦ
OmegaNominativepredicate nominative → ἐγώὦ ( omega): the last letter of the Greek alphabet; God spans all (first and last).
theNominativearticle → ἀρχή
ἀρχὴbeginningNominativepredicate nominative (apposition)ἀρχή: 'beginning, origin.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → τέλος
τέλοςendNominativepredicate nominative (apposition)τέλος: 'end, goal, consummation.'
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic) of δώσωἐγώ: emphatic 'I.'
τῷto the oneDativearticle substantizing the ptc.
διψῶντιwho thirstsPres Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · διψάωsubstantival ptc., indirect object of δώσω→ progressive present (ongoing thirst)διψάω: 'thirst'; the spiritually thirsting invited freely (Isa 55:1; John 7:37).
δώσωI will giveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (future)→ predictive futureδίδωμι: 'give.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source, partitive)ἐκ: 'from, out of.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle → πηγῆς
πηγῆςspringGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)πηγή: 'spring, fountain.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → ὕδατος
ὕδατοςwaterGenitivegenitive (content) → πηγῆςὕδωρ: 'water'; the 'water of life' (cf. 22:1, 17).
τῆςofGenitivearticle → ζωῆς
ζωῆςof lifeGenitivegenitive of quality/source → ὕδατοςζωή: 'life'; the water that gives life eternal.
δωρεάνfreelyAccusativeadverbial accusative ('as a gift')δωρεά: 'gift'; the accusative δωρεάν functions adverbially, 'without cost, gratis.'
7

ὁ νικῶν κληρονομήσει ταῦτα, καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῷ θεὸς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται μοι υἱός.

The one who conquers will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be my son.

Promise to the conquerorasyndetonThe capstone of the seven 'to the one who conquers' promises (chs. 2–3), now cast in covenant-adoption terms (2 Sam 7:14): inheritance and the Father-son relation.
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the ptc.
νικῶνwho conquersPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · νικάωsubstantival ptc., subject of κληρονομήσει→ gnomic/progressive present (the victor)νικάω: 'conquer, overcome'; the refrain of the seven letters.
κληρονομήσειwill inheritFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κληρονομέωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureκληρονομέω: 'inherit'; the conqueror receives the new creation as inheritance.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσειοὗτος: 'this'; neuter plural — all the foregoing blessings.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔσομαιI will beFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (future)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be.'
αὐτῷhisDativedative of possession/relationαὐτός: 'to/for him' — 'his God.'
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative → ἔσομαιθεός: God; the covenant 'I will be their God.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic) of ἔσταιαὐτός: 'he himself.'
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (future)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be.'
μοιmyDativedative of possession/relationἐγώ: 'to/for me' — 'my son.'
υἱόςsonNominativepredicate nominative → ἔσταιυἱός: 'son'; the Davidic adoption-promise (2 Sam 7:14) extended to every conqueror.
8

τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς καὶ ἀπίστοις καὶ ἐβδελυγμένοις καὶ φονεῦσιν καὶ πόρνοις καὶ φαρμάκοις καὶ εἰδωλολάτραις καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ψευδέσιν τὸ μέρος αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ, ὅ ἐστιν ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος.

But as for the cowardly and faithless and detestable and murderers and the sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.

Antithesis (the excluded)δέThe dark counterpart to vv.6–7: a vice-catalogue in the dative of disadvantage, headed by 'the cowardly' (apostates under persecution), whose 'portion' is the lake of fire — the second death (cf. 20:14).
τοῖςbut for theDativearticle → δειλοῖς (dative of disadvantage)
δὲbutadversative conjunction (postpositive)δέ: 'but, and'; marks the contrast with the conqueror.
δειλοῖςcowardlyDativesubstantival adjective (dative of disadvantage)δειλός: 'cowardly, timid'; here the apostate who shrinks from confession under pressure.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπίστοιςfaithlessDativesubstantival adjective (dative)ἄπιστος: 'unbelieving, faithless.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐβδελυγμένοιςdetestablePerf Pass Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · βδελύσσομαιsubstantival ptc. (dative)→ stative perfect (defiled condition)βδελύσσομαι: 'abhor, make abominable'; the perf. ptc. = 'those who have become abominable' (defiled by idolatry's filth).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φονεῦσινmurderersDativenoun (dative)φονεύς: 'murderer.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πόρνοιςsexually immoralDativenoun (dative)πόρνος: 'fornicator, sexually immoral person.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φαρμάκοιςsorcerersDativenoun (dative)φάρμακος: 'sorcerer, one who uses magic drugs'; whence 'pharmacy.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰδωλολάτραιςidolatersDativenoun (dative)εἰδωλολάτρης: 'idolater' (εἴδωλον + λατρεύω).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjective → ψευδέσινπᾶς: 'all'; comprehensive.
τοῖςtheDativearticle → ψευδέσιν
ψευδέσινliarsDativesubstantival adjective (dative)ψευδής: 'lying, false'; the antithesis of the city's truth (cf. v.27).
τὸtheNominativearticle → μέρος
μέροςportionNominativesubject (verbless clause)μέρος: 'part, portion, lot'; their allotted destiny.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession → μέρος
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: 'in.'
τῇtheDativearticle → λίμνῃ
λίμνῃlakeDativeobject of ἐν (location)λίμνη: 'lake'; the lake of fire (19:20; 20:10, 14–15).
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive) → καιομένῃ
καιομένῃburningPres Pass Ptc · Dat Sg Fem · καίωattributive ptc. → λίμνῃ→ progressive present (continual burning)καίω: 'burn, kindle'; the lake perpetually ablaze.
πυρὶwith fireDativedative of means/materialπῦρ: 'fire.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θείῳsulfurDativedative of means/materialθεῖον: 'brimstone, sulfur'; the agent of judgment-fire.
whichNominativerelative pronoun, subject of ἐστινὅς: relative; neuter (constructio ad sensum to the whole).
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (rel. clause)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be.'
theNominativearticle → θάνατος
θάνατοςdeathNominativepredicate nominative → ὅθάνατος: 'death.'
theNominativearticle (attributive) → δεύτερος
δεύτεροςsecondNominativeattributive adjective → θάνατοςδεύτερος: 'second'; the 'second death' = final, irreversible exclusion (20:14).
9

Καὶ ἦλθεν εἷς ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων τῶν ἐχόντων τὰς ἑπτὰ φιάλας τῶν γεμόντων τῶν ἑπτὰ πληγῶν τῶν ἐσχάτων καὶ ἐλάλησεν μετ’ ἐμοῦ λέγων· δεῦρο, δείξω σοι τὴν νύμφην τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀρνίου.

And one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven last plagues came and spoke with me, saying, "Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb."

New vision unit (angelic guide)καίDeliberately paired with 17:1: the same bowl-angel who showed John 'the great prostitute' now shows him 'the bride.' The participial chain ἐχόντων…γεμόντων piles up the angel's identity; the loose genitive γεμόντων is one of the book's grammatical irregularities.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (vision marker)
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral) of ἦλθενεἷς: 'one'; one of the seven.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)ἐκ: partitive 'of, from among.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle → ἀγγέλων
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable) → ἀγγέλωνἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable cardinal.
ἀγγέλωνangelsGenitiveobject of ἐκ (partitive)ἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel.'
τῶνwhoGenitivearticle (attributive) → ἐχόντων
ἐχόντωνhadPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive ptc. → ἀγγέλων→ stative present (possession)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle → φιάλας
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable) → φιάλαςἑπτά: 'seven.'
φιάλαςbowlsAccusativedirect object of ἐχόντωνφιάλη: 'bowl, shallow cup'; the bowls of wrath (ch. 16).
τῶνthat wereGenitivearticle (attributive) → γεμόντων
γεμόντωνfullPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Fem · γέμωattributive ptc. (loose gen.) → φιάλας→ stative presentγέμω: 'be full'; the genitive participle stands loosely for an expected accusative — a typical Apocalyptic incongruity.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle → πληγῶν
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable) → πληγῶνἑπτά: 'seven.'
πληγῶνplaguesGenitivegenitive of content → γεμόντωνπληγή: 'blow, plague.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive) → ἐσχάτων
ἐσχάτωνlastGenitiveattributive adjective → πληγῶνἔσχατος: 'last, final'; the climactic plagues.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak.'
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with' (elided).
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετάἐγώ: 'me.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant circumstance → angel→ progressive presentλέγω: 'say'; here properly nominative, agreeing with the angel-subject.
δεῦροcomeadverb used as imperative ('come here!')δεῦρο: 'here, hither'; a fixed hortatory adverb, 'come!'
δείξωI will showFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb (future)→ predictive futureδείκνυμι: 'show, point out.'
σοιyouDativeindirect object (dative)σύ: '(to) you.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → νύμφην
νύμφηνbrideAccusativedirect object of δείξωνύμφη: 'bride.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (appositional) → γυναῖκα
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeapposition to νύμφηνγυνή: 'woman, wife.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivegenitive of relationship → γυναῖκαἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the Apocalypse's title for the slain-yet-living Christ (5:6).
10

καὶ ἀπήνεγκέν με ἐν πνεύματι ἐπὶ ὄρος μέγα καὶ ὑψηλόν, καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ,

And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,

Vision relocationκαίThe Spirit-transport (cf. 17:3, also 'in the Spirit') to a high mountain echoes Ezekiel's vision of the temple-city (Ezek 40:2). The vantage of a great mountain befits the cosmic city.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπήνεγκένhe carried awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποφέρω: 'carry away, bear off.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἀπήνεγκενἐγώ: 'me.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/state)ἐν: 'in'; 'in the Spirit' = visionary rapture.
πνεύματιthe SpiritDativeobject of ἐν (sphere)πνεῦμα: 'spirit, Spirit'; the prophetic ecstatic state (1:10; 4:2; 17:3).
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (motion toward)ἐπί: 'to, upon.'
ὄροςa mountainAccusativeobject of ἐπί (goal)ὄρος: 'mountain.'
μέγαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective → ὄροςμέγας: 'great, large.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὑψηλόνhighAccusativeattributive adjective → ὄροςὑψηλός: 'high, lofty.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔδειξένshowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb→ constative aoristδείκνυμι: 'show.'
μοιmeDativeindirect object (dative)ἐγώ: '(to) me.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → πόλιν
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἔδειξενπόλις: 'city.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive) → ἁγίαν
ἁγίανholyAccusativeattributive adjective → πόλινἅγιος: 'holy.'
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeapposition to πόλιν (indeclinable, acc. by function)Ἰερουσαλήμ: indeclinable Semitic form, here accusative in function.
καταβαίνουσανcoming downPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · καταβαίνωptc. complement → πόλιν→ progressive presentκαταβαίνω: 'come down'; the city's descent (cf. v.2).
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκοὐρανός: 'heaven.'
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (origin)ἀπό: 'from.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἀπό (origin)θεός: God; the city's divine origin.
11

ἔχουσαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ· ὁ φωστὴρ αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ ὡς λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι κρυσταλλίζοντι·

having the glory of God; its radiance was like a most precious stone, like a jasper, clear as crystal,

Description (the city's glory)asyndetonThe city's defining attribute: it bears 'the glory of God' (the Shekinah). Its luminary, like crystalline jasper, anticipates the jasper wall (v.18) and the jasper-like One on the throne (4:3).
ἔχουσανhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἔχωattributive ptc. → πόλιν (v.10)→ stative present (possession)ἔχω: 'have, possess'; the city 'has' the divine glory.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → δόξαν
δόξανgloryAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσανδόξα: 'glory, radiant splendor'; the LXX kābôd, God's manifest presence.
τοῦofGenitivearticle → θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source/possession → δόξανθεός: God.
theNominativearticle → φωστήρ
φωστὴρradianceNominativesubject (verbless clause)φωστήρ: 'luminary, source of light' (cf. Gen 1:14 LXX); the city's brilliance.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → φωστήρ
ὅμοιοςlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dative) → φωστήρὅμοιος: 'like, similar'; governs the dative.
λίθῳa stoneDativedative with ὅμοιοςλίθος: 'stone.'
τιμιωτάτῳmost preciousDativesuperlative adjective → λίθῳτίμιος: 'precious'; superlative τιμιώτατος, 'most precious.'
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: 'as, like.'
λίθῳa stoneDativedative (epexegetic) → λίθῳλίθος: 'stone'; specifying the kind.
ἰάσπιδιjasperDativeapposition to λίθῳ (dative)ἴασπις: 'jasper'; here a translucent crystalline gem (likely diamond-clear), not opaque modern jasper.
κρυσταλλίζοντιclear as crystalPres Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · κρυσταλλίζωattributive ptc. → λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι→ stative present (quality)κρυσταλλίζω: 'be clear/sparkle like crystal'; a NT hapax — the gem's crystalline transparency.
12

ἔχουσα τεῖχος μέγα καὶ ὑψηλόν, ἔχουσα πυλῶνας δώδεκα καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς πυλῶσιν ἀγγέλους δώδεκα καὶ ὀνόματα ἐπιγεγραμμένα, ἅ ἐστιν τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν δώδεκα φυλῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ·

having a great and high wall, having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel,

Description (wall and gates)asyndetonThe nominative participle ἔχουσα stands loosely (the antecedent πόλιν is accusative) — an Apocalyptic incongruity. The twelve gates inscribed with the tribes echo Ezekiel 48:30–34.
ἔχουσαhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωptc. → πόλιν (loose nom., solecism)→ stative presentἔχω: 'have'; the nominative for an accusative antecedent is a deliberate Apocalyptic irregularity.
τεῖχοςa wallAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσατεῖχος: 'city wall.'
μέγαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective → τεῖχοςμέγας: 'great, large.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὑψηλόνhighAccusativeattributive adjective → τεῖχοςὑψηλός: 'high.'
ἔχουσαhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωptc. → πόλιν (loose nom.)→ stative presentἔχω: 'have'; repeated participle introducing the gates.
πυλῶναςgatesAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσαπυλών: 'gateway, gate-tower'; the large city portals.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → πυλῶναςδώδεκα: 'twelve'; the number of the people of God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (position)ἐπί: 'at, on.'
τοῖςtheDativearticle → πυλῶσιν
πυλῶσινgatesDativeobject of ἐπί (position)πυλών: 'gate.'
ἀγγέλουςangelsAccusativeobject (supply ἔχουσα)ἄγγελος: 'angel'; twelve angel-guardians at the gates.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → ἀγγέλουςδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativeobject (supply ἔχουσα)ὄνομα: 'name.'
ἐπιγεγραμμέναinscribedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · ἐπιγράφωattributive ptc. → ὀνόματα→ stative perfect (engraved state)ἐπιγράφω: 'inscribe, write upon'; the names permanently engraved.
whichNominativerelative pronoun, subject of ἐστινὅς: relative, neuter plural → ὀνόματα.
ἐστινarePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (neut. pl. subject + sg. verb)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be'; neuter-plural subject takes singular verb (classical idiom).
τὰtheNominativearticle → ὀνόματα
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative → ἅὄνομα: 'name.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle → φυλῶν
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → φυλῶνδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive of possession → ὀνόματαφυλή: 'tribe.'
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive → φυλῶνυἱός: 'son'; 'sons of Israel' = the patriarchal tribes.
Ἰσραήλof IsraelGenitivegenitive (indeclinable, gen. by function) → υἱῶνἸσραήλ: indeclinable proper name, here genitive in function.
13

ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ νότου πυλῶνες τρεῖς καὶ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν πυλῶνες τρεῖς.

on the east three gates, on the north three gates, on the south three gates, and on the west three gates.

Description (gate arrangement)asyndetonThe fourfold symmetry — three gates to each compass point — frames the city as open to all the earth's quarters, reproducing the tribal camp-order of Ezekiel 48 and Numbers 2.
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (direction)ἀπό: 'from'; here 'on the side of, toward.'
ἀνατολῆςthe eastGenitiveobject of ἀπόἀνατολή: 'rising (of the sun), east.'
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubject (verbless clause)πυλών: 'gate.'
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral adjective → πυλῶνεςτρεῖς: 'three' (declinable cardinal).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (direction)ἀπό: 'on the side of.'
βορρᾶthe northGenitiveobject of ἀπόβορρᾶς: 'north (wind).'
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubjectπυλών: 'gate.'
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral → πυλῶνεςτρεῖς: 'three.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (direction)ἀπό: 'on the side of.'
νότουthe southGenitiveobject of ἀπόνότος: 'south (wind).'
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubjectπυλών: 'gate.'
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral → πυλῶνεςτρεῖς: 'three.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (direction)ἀπό: 'on the side of.'
δυσμῶνthe westGenitiveobject of ἀπόδυσμή: 'setting (of the sun), west'; usually plural δυσμαί.
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubjectπυλών: 'gate.'
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral → πυλῶνεςτρεῖς: 'three.'
14

καὶ τὸ τεῖχος τῆς πόλεως ἔχων θεμελίους δώδεκα καὶ ἐπ’ αὐτῶν δώδεκα ὀνόματα τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τοῦ ἀρνίου.

And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

Description (foundations)καίThe masculine ἔχων stands loosely after the neuter τεῖχος — another Apocalyptic concord-irregularity. Tribes on the gates, apostles on the foundations: the one people of God, old and new covenant together (cf. Eph 2:20).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → τεῖχος
τεῖχοςwallNominativesubject (with ptc. ἔχων as periphrastic/loose predicate)τεῖχος: 'wall.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle → πόλεως
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of possession → τεῖχοςπόλις: 'city.'
ἔχωνhadPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωptc. → τεῖχος (loose masc. for neut., solecism)→ stative presentἔχω: 'have'; the masculine participle for a neuter noun is an Apocalyptic concord-irregularity.
θεμελίουςfoundationsAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνθεμέλιος: 'foundation (stone)'; the wall's twelve foundation-courses.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → θεμελίουςδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπ’onpreposition + genitive (position)ἐπί: 'on, upon' (elided).
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐπί → θεμελίουςαὐτός: 'them.'
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → ὀνόματαδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
ὀνόματαnamesNominativesubject (verbless clause, supply 'were')ὄνομα: 'name.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle → ἀποστόλων
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → ἀποστόλωνδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
ἀποστόλωνapostlesGenitivegenitive of possession → ὀνόματαἀπόστολος: 'apostle, sent one'; the Lamb's foundational witnesses.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivegenitive of relationship → ἀποστόλωνἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the apostles belong to Christ.
15

Καὶ ὁ λαλῶν μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἶχεν μέτρον κάλαμον χρυσοῦν, ἵνα μετρήσῃ τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ τεῖχος αὐτῆς.

And the one who spoke with me had a golden measuring reed to measure the city and its gates and its wall.

Measuring sceneκαίThe angel-guide takes up a golden measuring-reed (cf. Ezek 40:3; Rev 11:1) — measuring as a sign of the city's secure completeness and divine ownership.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the ptc.
λαλῶνwho spokePres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λαλέωsubstantival ptc., subject of εἶχεν→ progressive presentλαλέω: 'speak'; the interpreting angel of v.9.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with' (elided).
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετάἐγώ: 'me.'
εἶχενhadImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb (imperfect)→ descriptive imperfect (background state)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; imperfect sets the scene.
μέτρονa measureAccusativedirect object of εἶχενμέτρον: 'measure, measuring instrument.'
κάλαμονreedAccusativeapposition to μέτρονκάλαμος: 'reed, measuring rod.'
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective → κάλαμονχρυσοῦς: 'golden, of gold' (contracted χρύσεος).
ἵναtoconjunction introducing purpose clauseἵνα: 'in order that'; + subjunctive.
μετρήσῃmeasureAor Act Subj 3 Sg · μετρέωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ constative aorist subjunctiveμετρέω: 'measure.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → πόλιν
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of μετρήσῃπόλις: 'city.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle → πυλῶνας
πυλῶναςgatesAccusativedirect object of μετρήσῃπυλών: 'gate.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → πυλῶνας
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheAccusativearticle → τεῖχος
τεῖχοςwallAccusativedirect object of μετρήσῃτεῖχος: 'wall.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → τεῖχος
16

καὶ ἡ πόλις τετράγωνος κεῖται, καὶ τὸ μῆκος αὐτῆς ὅσον καὶ τὸ πλάτος. καὶ ἐμέτρησεν τὴν πόλιν τῷ καλάμῳ ἐπὶ σταδίων δώδεκα χιλιάδων, τὸ μῆκος καὶ τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ ὕψος αὐτῆς ἴσα ἐστίν.

And the city lies foursquare, and its length is as great as its breadth. And he measured the city with the reed: twelve thousand stadia; its length and breadth and height are equal.

Measuring result (the cube)καίThe city is a perfect cube — 12,000 stadia (≈ 2,200 km) each way — like the Holy of Holies (1 Kgs 6:20), declaring the whole city to be God's innermost sanctuary. The dimensions are symbolic (12 × 1,000), not literal cartography.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → πόλις
πόλιςcityNominativesubject of κεῖταιπόλις: 'city.'
τετράγωνοςfoursquareNominativepredicate adjective → πόλιςτετράγωνος: 'four-cornered, square'; the city's symmetrical plan.
κεῖταιliesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · κεῖμαιmain verb→ stative presentκεῖμαι: 'lie, be situated'; the city 'is laid out.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → μῆκος
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject (verbless clause)μῆκος: 'length.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → μῆκος
ὅσονas great asNominativecorrelative adjective (predicate)ὅσος: 'as much/great as.'
καὶalsoadverbial/correlative καίκαί: 'also, even'; correlative.
τὸtheNominativearticle → πλάτος
πλάτοςbreadthNominativesubject (verbless, parallel)πλάτος: 'breadth, width.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμέτρησενhe measuredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μετρέωmain verb→ constative aoristμετρέω: 'measure.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → πόλιν
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἐμέτρησενπόλις: 'city.'
τῷwith theDativearticle → καλάμῳ
καλάμῳreedDativedative of means/instrumentκάλαμος: 'reed, measuring rod.'
ἐπὶatpreposition + genitive (measure/extent)ἐπί: here 'to the extent of, at.'
σταδίωνstadiaGenitivegenitive of measure → χιλιάδωνστάδιον: 'stadion' (≈ 185 m); the unit of length.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → χιλιάδωνδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
χιλιάδωνthousandGenitivegenitive of measure (12,000 stadia)χιλιάς: 'a thousand'; 12 × 1,000 = symbolic completeness.
τὸtheNominativearticle → μῆκος
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject of ἐστίνμῆκος: 'length.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → πλάτος
πλάτοςbreadthNominativesubject (compound) of ἐστίνπλάτος: 'breadth.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → ὕψος
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject (compound) of ἐστίνὕψος: 'height.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → the three dimensions
ἴσαequalNominativepredicate adjective (neut. pl.) → dimensionsἴσος: 'equal'; the cube's equal sides.
ἐστίνarePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (neut. pl. subject + sg. verb)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be'; neuter-plural subject with singular verb.
17

καὶ ἐμέτρησεν τὸ τεῖχος αὐτῆς ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τεσσάρων πηχῶν μέτρον ἀνθρώπου, ὅ ἐστιν ἀγγέλου.

And he measured its wall: a hundred forty-four cubits by human measure, which is an angel's.

Measuring result (the wall)καί144 = 12 × 12, the people-of-God number squared. The note 'a human measure, which is an angel's' assures that the same standard holds for both — symbolic perfection, not surveyor's data.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμέτρησενhe measuredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μετρέωmain verb→ constative aoristμετρέω: 'measure.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle → τεῖχος
τεῖχοςwallAccusativedirect object of ἐμέτρησεντεῖχος: 'wall.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → τεῖχος
ἑκατὸνa hundrednumeral (indeclinable) → πηχῶνἑκατόν: 'one hundred.'
τεσσεράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable) → πηχῶντεσσεράκοντα: 'forty.'
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivenumeral (declinable) → πηχῶντέσσαρες: 'four'; 100+40+4 = 144 = 12².
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measureπῆχυς: 'cubit' (forearm-length, ≈ 45 cm).
μέτρονthe measureAccusativeaccusative of respect / appositional ('by measure')μέτρον: 'measure, standard.'
ἀνθρώπουof a humanGenitivegenitive of source/quality → μέτρονἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; a human standard of measure.
whichNominativerelative pronoun, subject of ἐστινὅς: relative, neuter.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (rel. clause)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be.'
ἀγγέλουan angel'sGenitivepredicate genitive (possession/quality)ἄγγελος: 'angel'; the measure is at once human and angelic — a single divine standard.
18

καὶ ἡ ἐνδώμησις τοῦ τείχους αὐτῆς ἴασπις, καὶ ἡ πόλις χρυσίον καθαρὸν ὅμοιον ὑάλῳ καθαρῷ.

And the structure of its wall was jasper, and the city was pure gold, like clear glass.

Description (materials)καίWall of jasper (echoing v.11 and the throne, 4:3); city of gold so refined it is transparent like glass — gold that has lost all opacity, fit to transmit the divine glory.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → ἐνδώμησις
ἐνδώμησιςstructureNominativesubject (verbless clause)ἐνδώμησις: 'building material, fabric, masonry'; a rare term — the wall's construction.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → τείχους
τείχουςwallGenitivegenitive of possession → ἐνδώμησιςτεῖχος: 'wall.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → τείχους
ἴασπιςjasperNominativepredicate nominative → ἐνδώμησιςἴασπις: 'jasper'; here a clear, diamond-like stone (cf. v.11).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → πόλις
πόλιςcityNominativesubject (verbless clause)πόλις: 'city.'
χρυσίονgoldNominativepredicate nominative → πόλιςχρυσίον: 'gold (refined)'; the city's substance.
καθαρὸνpureNominativeattributive adjective → χρυσίονκαθαρός: 'pure, clean.'
ὅμοιονlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dative) → χρυσίονὅμοιος: 'like'; + dative.
ὑάλῳglassDativedative with ὅμοιονὕαλος: 'glass, crystal.'
καθαρῷclearDativeattributive adjective → ὑάλῳκαθαρός: 'clear, pure.'
19

οἱ θεμέλιοι τοῦ τείχους τῆς πόλεως παντὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ κεκοσμημένοι· ὁ θεμέλιος ὁ πρῶτος ἴασπις, ὁ δεύτερος σάπφιρος, ὁ τρίτος χαλκηδών, ὁ τέταρτος σμάραγδος,

The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with every kind of precious stone: the first foundation jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,

Description (jeweled foundations, 1–4)asyndetonThe twelve jeweled foundations recall the high priest's breastpiece (Exod 28:17–20), now bearing the apostles' names — the new-covenant priesthood of the whole city. The stone-list largely overlaps the LXX gems.
οἱtheNominativearticle → θεμέλιοι
θεμέλιοιfoundationsNominativesubject (with κεκοσμημένοι, periphrastic)θεμέλιος: 'foundation.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → τείχους
τείχουςwallGenitivegenitive of possession → θεμέλιοιτεῖχος: 'wall.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle → πόλεως
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of possession → τείχουςπόλις: 'city.'
παντὶeveryDativeattributive adjective → λίθῳπᾶς: 'every, all kinds of.'
λίθῳstoneDativedative of means → κεκοσμημένοιλίθος: 'stone.'
τιμίῳpreciousDativeattributive adjective → λίθῳτίμιος: 'precious, costly.'
κεκοσμημένοιadornedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κοσμέωperiphrastic ptc. (supply εἰσίν) → θεμέλιοι→ intensive perfect (adorned state)κοσμέω: 'adorn, decorate.'
theNominativearticle → θεμέλιος
θεμέλιοςfoundationNominativesubject (verbless)θεμέλιος: 'foundation.'
theNominativearticle (attributive) → πρῶτος
πρῶτοςfirstNominativeordinal adjective → θεμέλιοςπρῶτος: 'first.'
ἴασπιςjasperNominativepredicate nominativeἴασπις: 'jasper.'
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
δεύτεροςsecondNominativeordinal adjective (subject)δεύτερος: 'second.'
σάπφιροςsapphireNominativepredicate nominativeσάπφιρος: 'sapphire' (perhaps lapis lazuli).
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
τρίτοςthirdNominativeordinal adjective (subject)τρίτος: 'third.'
χαλκηδώνchalcedonyNominativepredicate nominativeχαλκηδών: 'chalcedony'; a NT hapax, a greenish quartz.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
τέταρτοςfourthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)τέταρτος: 'fourth.'
σμάραγδοςemeraldNominativepredicate nominativeσμάραγδος: 'emerald'; cf. the emerald rainbow of 4:3.
20

ὁ πέμπτος σαρδόνυξ, ὁ ἕκτος σάρδιον, ὁ ἕβδομος χρυσόλιθος, ὁ ὄγδοος βήρυλλος, ὁ ἔνατος τοπάζιον, ὁ δέκατος χρυσόπρασος, ὁ ἑνδέκατος ὑάκινθος, ὁ δωδέκατος ἀμέθυστος.

the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst.

Description (jeweled foundations, 5–12)asyndetonThe remaining eight gems complete the twelve. The whole catalogue dazzles — the city's foundations are a blaze of refracted color, the glory of God prismed through precious stone.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
πέμπτοςfifthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)πέμπτος: 'fifth.'
σαρδόνυξsardonyxNominativepredicate nominativeσαρδόνυξ: 'sardonyx'; a NT hapax, banded onyx.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
ἕκτοςsixthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)ἕκτος: 'sixth.'
σάρδιονcarnelianNominativepredicate nominativeσάρδιον: 'sardius, carnelian'; red stone (cf. 4:3).
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
ἕβδομοςseventhNominativeordinal adjective (subject)ἕβδομος: 'seventh.'
χρυσόλιθοςchrysoliteNominativepredicate nominativeχρυσόλιθος: 'chrysolite'; a golden-yellow gem (perhaps topaz).
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
ὄγδοοςeighthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)ὄγδοος: 'eighth.'
βήρυλλοςberylNominativepredicate nominativeβήρυλλος: 'beryl'; a sea-green gem, NT hapax.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
ἔνατοςninthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)ἔνατος: 'ninth.'
τοπάζιονtopazNominativepredicate nominativeτοπάζιον: 'topaz'; NT hapax, a yellow-green gem.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
δέκατοςtenthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)δέκατος: 'tenth.'
χρυσόπρασοςchrysopraseNominativepredicate nominativeχρυσόπρασος: 'chrysoprase'; NT hapax, an apple-green gem.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
ἑνδέκατοςeleventhNominativeordinal adjective (subject)ἑνδέκατος: 'eleventh.'
ὑάκινθοςjacinthNominativepredicate nominativeὑάκινθος: 'jacinth, hyacinth'; a blue-violet gem.
theNominativearticle → (θεμέλιος)
δωδέκατοςtwelfthNominativeordinal adjective (subject)δωδέκατος: 'twelfth.'
ἀμέθυστοςamethystNominativepredicate nominativeἀμέθυστος: 'amethyst'; a purple gem, NT hapax.
21

καὶ οἱ δώδεκα πυλῶνες δώδεκα μαργαρῖται, ἀνὰ εἷς ἕκαστος τῶν πυλώνων ἦν ἐξ ἑνὸς μαργαρίτου. καὶ ἡ πλατεῖα τῆς πόλεως χρυσίον καθαρὸν ὡς ὕαλος διαυγής.

And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the gates was made of a single pearl. And the street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.

Description (gates and street)καίEach gate a single colossal pearl ('pearly gates'); the main street of transparent gold. The distributive ἀνὰ εἷς ἕκαστος ('one by one, each') is irregular Greek but vivid — every gate individually a pearl.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle → πυλῶνες
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → πυλῶνεςδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubject (verbless clause)πυλών: 'gate.'
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable) → μαργαρῖταιδώδεκα: 'twelve.'
μαργαρῖταιpearlsNominativepredicate nominative → πυλῶνεςμαργαρίτης: 'pearl'; whence 'Margaret.'
ἀνὰeachdistributive preposition/particleἀνά: distributive, 'each, apiece'; with εἷς ἕκαστος, 'one by one.'
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (distributive) → ἕκαστοςεἷς: 'one.'
ἕκαστοςeachNominativesubject (distributive) of ἦνἕκαστος: 'each, every one.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle → πυλώνων
πυλώνωνgatesGenitivepartitive genitive → ἕκαστοςπυλών: 'gate.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (imperfect)→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: 'to be.'
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (material/source)ἐκ: 'out of, from' (made of).
ἑνὸςa singleGenitivenumeral → μαργαρίτουεἷς: 'one'; a single pearl.
μαργαρίτουpearlGenitiveobject of ἐξ (material)μαργαρίτης: 'pearl.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → πλατεῖα
πλατεῖαstreetNominativesubject (verbless clause)πλατεῖα: 'broad street, square' (fem. of πλατύς).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle → πόλεως
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of possession → πλατεῖαπόλις: 'city.'
χρυσίονgoldNominativepredicate nominative → πλατεῖαχρυσίον: 'gold.'
καθαρὸνpureNominativeattributive adjective → χρυσίονκαθαρός: 'pure.'
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: 'as, like.'
ὕαλοςglassNominativeobject of comparison (ὡς)ὕαλος: 'glass, crystal.'
διαυγήςtransparentNominativeattributive adjective → ὕαλοςδιαυγής: 'translucent, transparent'; NT hapax — light shines through.
22

Καὶ ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ ναὸς αὐτῆς ἐστιν καὶ τὸ ἀρνίον.

And I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty is its temple, and the Lamb.

Negation (no temple)καίThe startling 'no temple' — for the whole cube-city is the Holy of Holies (v.16), and God and the Lamb are personally its temple. The triple title 'Lord God Almighty' (cf. 4:8) crowns the divine presence; the Lamb is joined to a singular predicate.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ναὸνtempleAccusativedirect object of εἶδον (fronted, emphatic)ναός: 'temple, sanctuary, shrine'; the inner dwelling of deity.
οὐκnotnegative particle → εἶδονοὐ: negation.
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: 'in.'
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν (location) → cityαὐτός: 'it' (the city, fem.).
theNominativearticle → κύριος
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: 'for'; grounds the absence of a temple.
κύριοςLordNominativesubject of ἐστινκύριος: 'Lord'; the LXX rendering of YHWH.
Nominativearticle (apposition) → θεός
θεὸςGodNominativeapposition to κύριοςθεός: God.
theNominativearticle (apposition) → παντοκράτωρ
παντοκράτωρAlmightyNominativeapposition to κύριος ὁ θεόςπαντοκράτωρ: 'Almighty, all-ruler' (πᾶς + κρατέω); the Apocalypse's favorite divine epithet.
ναὸςtempleNominativepredicate nominative → ἐστινναός: 'temple'; God himself is the sanctuary.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → ναός
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'to be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle → ἀρνίον
ἀρνίονLambNominativeco-subject (with κύριος) of ἐστινἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the Lamb shares the divine temple-identity (singular verb).
23

καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης ἵνα φαίνωσιν αὐτῇ, ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν, καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον.

And the city has no need of the sun or of the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God illumined it, and its lamp is the Lamb.

Negation (no sun or moon)καίIsaiah 60:19 fulfilled: God's own glory is the city's light, the Lamb its lamp (λύχνος). No created luminary is needed where uncreated glory shines.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → πόλις
πόλιςcityNominativesubject of ἔχειπόλις: 'city.'
οὐnotnegative particle → ἔχειοὐ: negation.
χρείανneedAccusativedirect object of ἔχειχρεία: 'need, necessity.'
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ stative presentἔχω: 'have.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → ἡλίου
ἡλίουsunGenitiveobjective genitive → χρείανἥλιος: 'sun.'
οὐδὲnornegative conjunctionοὐδέ: 'and not, nor.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle → σελήνης
σελήνηςmoonGenitiveobjective genitive → χρείανσελήνη: 'moon.'
ἵναtoconjunction (purpose/epexegetic)ἵνα: 'that'; + subjunctive.
φαίνωσινshinePres Act Subj 3 Pl · φαίνωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ progressive present subjunctiveφαίνω: 'shine, give light.'
αὐτῇon itDativedative of advantage → cityαὐτός: 'it' (the city).
theNominativearticle → δόξα
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: 'for.'
δόξαgloryNominativesubject of ἐφώτισενδόξα: 'glory, radiance.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle → θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source → δόξαθεός: God.
ἐφώτισενilluminedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φωτίζωmain verb→ constative aorist (gnomic/timeless)φωτίζω: 'illuminate, give light to.'
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἐφώτισεναὐτός: 'it' (the city).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle → λύχνος
λύχνοςlampNominativesubject (verbless clause)λύχνος: 'lamp'; the Lamb is the city's lamp bearing the divine light.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → λύχνος
τὸtheNominativearticle → ἀρνίον
ἀρνίονLambNominativepredicate nominative → λύχνοςἀρνίον: 'lamb.'
24

καὶ περιπατήσουσιν τὰ ἔθνη διὰ τοῦ φωτὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς φέρουσιν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν εἰς αὐτήν,

And the nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it,

Consequence (the nations come)καίIsaiah 60:3 fulfilled: nations walk by the city's light, kings bring tribute. The once-rebellious 'kings of the earth' (cf. 6:15; 19:19) are now pilgrims bringing glory in — judgment has given way to ingathering.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιπατήσουσινwill walkFut Act Indic 3 Pl · περιπατέωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureπεριπατέω: 'walk about, conduct oneself.'
τὰtheNominativearticle → ἔθνη
ἔθνηnationsNominativesubject of περιπατήσουσινἔθνος: 'nation, gentiles'; the redeemed peoples.
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means/medium)διά: 'through, by means of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle → φωτός
φωτὸςlightGenitiveobject of διά (means)φῶς: 'light.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → φωτός
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle → βασιλεῖς
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubject of φέρουσινβασιλεύς: 'king.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle → γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive → βασιλεῖςγῆ: 'earth.'
φέρουσινbringPres Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (present)→ futuristic/gnomic presentφέρω: 'bring, carry.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → δόξαν
δόξανgloryAccusativedirect object of φέρουσινδόξα: 'glory, honor, splendor'; here their tribute/wealth.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession → δόξαν
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into, to.'
αὐτήνitAccusativeobject of εἰς → cityαὐτός: 'it' (the city).
25

καὶ οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν ἡμέρας, νὺξ γὰρ οὐκ ἔσται ἐκεῖ,

and its gates will never be shut by day — for there will be no night there —

Description (open gates)καίGates 'never shut' (Isa 60:11): perfect security and perpetual welcome, since there is no night to require closing them. The emphatic οὐ μή + aorist subjunctive is the strongest Greek negation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle → πυλῶνες
πυλῶνεςgatesNominativesubject of κλεισθῶσινπυλών: 'gate.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession → πυλῶνες
οὐby no meansnegative (first of emphatic οὐ μή)οὐ: with μή forms emphatic denial.
μὴnotnegative (with οὐ + subjunctive)μή: subjective negation; οὐ μή = 'never.'
κλεισθῶσινbe shutAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · κλείωsubjunctive (emphatic future denial)→ constative aorist subjunctive (emphatic negation)κλείω: 'shut, close.'
ἡμέραςby dayGenitivegenitive of time (within which)ἡμέρα: 'day'; genitive of time, 'during the day.'
νὺξnightNominativesubject of ἔσταινύξ: 'night'; absent from the city of unending light.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: 'for.'
οὐκnotnegative particle → ἔσταιοὐ: negation.
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (future, existential)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'to be.'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there.'
26

καὶ οἴσουσιν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰς αὐτήν.

And they will bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it.

Consequence (tribute of the nations)καίA resumptive summary of v.24: the wealth and honor of the nations flow into the city — every redeemed culture's best laid before God and the Lamb (Isa 60:5, 11).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἴσουσινthey will bringFut Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureφέρω: 'bring' (suppletive future οἴσω).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → δόξαν
δόξανgloryAccusativedirect object of οἴσουσινδόξα: 'glory, splendor.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle → τιμήν
τιμὴνhonorAccusativedirect object (compound) of οἴσουσιντιμή: 'honor, value, price.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle → ἐθνῶν
ἐθνῶνnationsGenitivegenitive of source/possession → δόξαν/τιμήνἔθνος: 'nation.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into.'
αὐτήνitAccusativeobject of εἰς → cityαὐτός: 'it' (the city).
27

καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ὁ ποιῶν βδέλυγμα καὶ ψεῦδος, εἰ μὴ οἱ γεγραμμένοι ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου.

And nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who does what is detestable or false, but only those written in the Lamb's book of life.

Exclusion and exceptionκαίThe chapter closes with absolute purity: nothing defiling enters (emphatic οὐ μή), and the sole entrants are those inscribed in the Lamb's book of life (cf. 13:8; 20:15). The idiom πᾶν … οὐ μή is Semitic 'not any.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐby no meansnegative (first of emphatic οὐ μή)οὐ: with μή, emphatic denial.
μὴnotnegative (with οὐ + subjunctive)μή: οὐ μή = 'never, by no means.'
εἰσέλθῃwill enterAor Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive (emphatic future denial)→ constative aorist subjunctive (emphatic negation)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into.'
αὐτὴνitAccusativeobject of εἰς → cityαὐτός: 'it' (the city).
πᾶνanythingNominativesubject of εἰσέλθῃ (πᾶν…οὐ = 'nothing')πᾶς: 'all, every'; with the negation, 'nothing at all.'
κοινὸνuncleanNominativesubstantival adjective → πᾶνκοινός: 'common, profane, ceremonially unclean.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
the oneNominativearticle substantizing the ptc.
ποιῶνwho doesPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ gnomic/progressive present (habitual)ποιέω: 'do, practice.'
βδέλυγμαwhat is detestableAccusativedirect object of ποιῶνβδέλυγμα: 'abomination, detestable thing'; especially idolatry.
καὶorcoordinating conjunctionκαί: 'and, or.'
ψεῦδοςfalsehoodAccusativedirect object (compound) of ποιῶνψεῦδος: 'lie, falsehood'; cf. the liars of v.8.
εἰexceptconjunction (with μή = 'except')εἰ: 'if'; εἰ μή = 'except, but only.'
μὴbutnegative (with εἰ = 'except')μή: with εἰ, 'except.'
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the ptc.
γεγραμμένοιwrittenPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · γράφωsubstantival ptc. (subject of exception)→ intensive perfect (permanently enrolled)γράφω: 'write'; the perfect = standing, settled inscription.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: 'in.'
τῷtheDativearticle → βιβλίῳ
βιβλίῳbookDativeobject of ἐν (location)βιβλίον: 'scroll, book.'
τῆςofGenitivearticle → ζωῆς
ζωῆςof lifeGenitivegenitive of quality → βιβλίῳζωή: 'life'; the register of the living (the elect).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle → ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLamb'sGenitivegenitive of possession → βιβλίῳἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the book belongs to the slain Lamb (13:8).