independentrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The remnant — God has not rejected his people 11:1–10
vv. 1–6 — Paul, Elijah, and the remnant chosen by grace
1
Λέγω οὖν,independent — the chapter's governing question introduced
μὴ ἀπώσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ;content — μή expects 'no' — echoing 1 Sam 12:22; Ps 94:14
μὴ γένοιτο·independent — the recoil
καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ Ἰσραηλίτης εἰμί, ἐκ σπέρματος Ἀβραάμ, φυλῆς Βενιαμίν.cause — the first proof — Paul's own existence as a believing Israelite
2
οὐκ ἀπώσατο ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦindependent — the denial restated as assertion
ὃν προέγνω.relative — the ground — God's prior electing knowledge (cf. 8:29)
ἢ οὐκ οἴδατεindependent — the diatribe appeal to Scripture
ἐν Ἠλίᾳ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή,content — indirect question — 'in Elijah' = the 1 Kgs 19 narrative
ὡς ἐντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ κατὰ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ;content — ὡς — intercession reversed, against Israel
3
Κύριε, τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν,content — 1 Kgs 19:10 — the prophets slain
τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν,content — 1 Kgs 19:10 — the altars razed
κἀγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος,content — 1 Kgs 19:10 — ὑπελείφθην sounds the remnant theme
καὶ ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου.content — 1 Kgs 19:10 — the last man hunted
4
ἀλλὰ τί λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ χρηματισμός;independent — the χρηματισμός — God's oracular answer
Κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας,content — 1 Kgs 19:18 — ἐμαυτῷ: the remnant is God's own doing
οἵτινες οὐκ ἔκαμψαν γόνυ τῇ Βάαλ.relative — qualitative ὅστις — such as never bowed
5
οὕτως οὖν καὶ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ λεῖμμα κατ' ἐκλογὴν χάριτος γέγονεν·independent — the application — the Elijah pattern repeats now
6
εἰ δὲ χάριτι,conditional — protasis — leans on the verdict below
οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων,independent — apodosis — elliptical; the shorter text followed
ἐπεὶ ἡ χάρις οὐκέτι γίνεται χάρις.cause — ἐπεί elliptical — the definitional axiom
vv. 7–10 — the elect obtained it; the rest hardened, as written
7
τί οὖν;independent — the summary question
ὃ ἐπιζητεῖ Ἰσραήλ, τοῦτο οὐκ ἐπέτυχεν,independent — the fronted relative resumed by τοῦτο — the nation missed its goal
ἡ δὲ ἐκλογὴ ἐπέτυχεν·independent — ἡ ἐκλογή — abstract for concrete, the chosen remnant
οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἐπωρώθησαν,independent — the divine passive — judicial hardening (cf. 9:18)
8
καθὼς γέγραπται·comparative — the warrant from Scripture
Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως,content — Deut 29:4 + Isa 29:10 fused — the hardening as God's gift
ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας.content — Ἔδωκεν carried over — blind eyes, deaf ears, still today
9
καὶ Δαυὶδ λέγει·independent — the second witness
Γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς θήραν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς,content — Ps 69:22 — their very blessings turned to a trap
10
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν,content — Ps 69:23 — the darkened eyes
καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον.content — Ps 69:23 — the back bowed forever
The stumble that enriched the world 11:11–16
vv. 11–12 — not a fall to ruin: trespass, riches, fullness
11
Λέγω οὖν,independent — the second Λέγω οὖν — the question sharpened
μὴ ἔπταισανcontent — μή expects 'no'
ἵνα πέσωσιν;purpose — ἵνα of (feared) result — a fall beyond recovery
μὴ γένοιτο·independent — the recoil
ἀλλὰ τῷ αὐτῶν παραπτώματι ἡ σωτηρία τοῖς ἔθνεσιν,independent — verbless — the trespass become the world's gain
εἰς τὸ παραζηλῶσαι αὐτούς.purpose — εἰς τό + infinitive — jealousy as saving strategy (Deut 32:21)
12
εἰ δὲ τὸ παράπτωμα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος κόσμου καὶ τὸ ἥττημα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος ἐθνῶν,conditional — protasis — verbless double premise, leans on the climax below
πόσῳ μᾶλλον τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῶν.independent — apodosis — the first πόσῳ μᾶλλον, verbless
vv. 13–16 — the apostle to the Gentiles, and the holy root
13
Ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.independent — the address turns — Gentile readers named
ἐφ' ὅσον μὲν οὖν εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐθνῶν ἀπόστολος,conditional — ἐφ' ὅσον — degree-protasis, leans on δοξάζω below
τὴν διακονίαν μου δοξάζω,independent — the apostle glorifies the Gentile mission itself
14
εἴ πως παραζηλώσω μου τὴν σάρκαconditional — εἴ πως — backward hope-clause on δοξάζω: the aim behind the magnifying
καὶ σώσω τινὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν.conditional — the sober τινάς — some, through jealousy
15
εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου,conditional — protasis — verbless, leans on the question below
τίς ἡ πρόσλημψις εἰ μὴ ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν;independent — apodosis — verbless question; resurrection-scale reversal
16
εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία,conditional — protasis — the dough-offering (Num 15:20–21)
καὶ τὸ φύραμα·independent — apodosis — verbless: holiness runs from part to whole
καὶ εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία,conditional — protasis — the root: the patriarchs
καὶ οἱ κλάδοι.independent — apodosis — verbless; the image that becomes the olive tree
The olive tree 11:17–24
vv. 17–18 — grafted in: do not boast over the branches
17
Εἰ δέ τινες τῶν κλάδων ἐξεκλάσθησαν,conditional — protasis, limb 1 — leans on the imperative below
σὺ δὲ ἀγριέλαιος ὢν ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοῖςconditional — protasis, limb 2 — σύ singular: each Gentile believer
καὶ συγκοινωνὸς τῆς ῥίζης τῆς πιότητος τῆς ἐλαίας ἐγένου,conditional — protasis, limb 3 — sharing the root's richness
18
μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων·independent — the apodosis imperative — the whole allegory aims here
εἰ δὲ κατακαυχᾶσαι,conditional — protasis — leans on the reminder below
οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ.independent — apodosis — the second limb elliptical: the root carries you
vv. 19–22 — the objector answered: you stand by faith; fear
19
ἐρεῖς οὖν·independent — the Gentile objector given the floor
Ἐξεκλάσθησαν κλάδοιcontent — the objection quoted — anarthrous κλάδοι, dismissive
ἵνα ἐγὼ ἐγκεντρισθῶ.purpose — the objector's ἵνα — emphatic ἐγώ, self-important
20
καλῶς·independent — the concession — one word, elliptical
τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ ἐξεκλάσθησαν,independent — the correction begins — datives of cause
σὺ δὲ τῇ πίστει ἕστηκας.independent — faith, not merit — the perfect ἕστηκας: you stand, for now
μὴ ὑψηλὰ φρόνει, ἀλλὰ φοβοῦ·independent — the double imperative — pride forbidden, fear commanded
21
εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο,conditional — protasis — leans on the warning below
οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται.independent — apodosis — the warning at its sharpest
22
ἴδε οὖν χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν θεοῦ·independent — the summarizing imperative — both attributes at once
ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς πεσόντας ἀποτομία,phrase modifier — verbless — the μέν limb: severity on the fallen
ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ χρηστότης θεοῦ,phrase modifier — verbless — the δέ limb: kindness on you
ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι,conditional — backward condition — the kindness held only by remaining in it
ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ.cause — ἐπεί elliptical — 'since (if not)…' (cf. v. 6)
vv. 23–24 — the counter-graft: God is able
23
κἀκεῖνοι δέ,independent — the subject suspended over its condition
ἐὰν μὴ ἐπιμένωσιν τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ,conditional — protasis — leans on the promise below; unbelief the only bar
ἐγκεντρισθήσονται·independent — apodosis — one word of hope
δυνατὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς πάλιν ἐγκεντρίσαι αὐτούς.cause — the ground — divine power, not horticultural likelihood
24
εἰ γὰρ σὺ ἐκ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐξεκόπης ἀγριελαίουconditional — protasis, limb 1 — leans on the climax below
καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἐνεκεντρίσθης εἰς καλλιέλαιον,conditional — protasis, limb 2 — παρὰ φύσιν: the harder graft already done
πόσῳ μᾶλλον οὗτοι οἱ κατὰ φύσιν ἐγκεντρισθήσονται τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐλαίᾳ.independent — apodosis — the second πόσῳ μᾶλλον: the section's climax
The mystery 11:25–32
vv. 25–27 — the mystery disclosed: hardening, fullness, all Israel
25
Οὐ γὰρ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο,independent — the disclosure formula (cf. 1:13) — μυστήριον awaits its ὅτι
ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρ' ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι,purpose — the aim of the disclosure — Gentile conceit forestalled (Prov 3:7)
ὅτι πώρωσις ἀπὸ μέρους τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονενcontent — the mystery's content — ἀπὸ μέρους: partial, not total
ἄχρι οὗ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ,relative — ἄχρι οὗ — temporal relative: the hardening has a terminus
26
καὶ οὕτως πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται·independent — καὶ οὕτως read as modal — by this very process; πᾶς Ἰσραήλ as ethnic Israel as a whole (much debated)
καθὼς γέγραπται·comparative — the warrant from Scripture
Ἥξει ἐκ Σιὼν ὁ ῥυόμενος,content — Isa 59:20 — ἐκ Σιών where the LXX has ἕνεκεν Σιών
ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβ·content — Isa 59:20 — ungodliness banished from Jacob
27
καὶ αὕτη αὐτοῖς ἡ παρ' ἐμοῦ διαθήκη,content — Isa 59:21 — verbless: the covenant declared
ὅταν ἀφέλωμαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.conditional — ὅταν — indefinite temporal, quasi-conditional (Isa 27:9)
vv. 28–29 — enemies and beloved at once
28
κατὰ μὲν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐχθροὶ δι' ὑμᾶς,independent — verbless — the μέν limb of the double verdict
κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκλογὴν ἀγαπητοὶ διὰ τοὺς πατέρας·independent — verbless — the δέ limb: beloved for the fathers' sake
29
ἀμεταμέλητα γὰρ τὰ χαρίσματα καὶ ἡ κλῆσις τοῦ θεοῦ.cause — verbless — ἀμεταμέλητα fronted: God does not take back
vv. 30–32 — the chiasm of disobedience and mercy
30
ὥσπερ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε τῷ θεῷ,comparative — the ὥσπερ limb — leans on the οὕτως clause below
νῦν δὲ ἠλεήθητε τῇ τούτων ἀπειθείᾳ,comparative — still inside the ὥσπερ — your mercy came through their refusal
31
οὕτως καὶ οὗτοι νῦν ἠπείθησαν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέειindependent — the οὕτως main clause; τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει read proleptically with ἐλεηθῶσιν
ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ νῦν ἐλεηθῶσιν·purpose — the purpose in the disobedience itself — mercy answering mercy
32
συνέκλεισεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς πάντας εἰς ἀπείθειανindependent — the ground of the chiasm — συγκλείω: locked in together (cf. Gal 3:22)
ἵνα τοὺς πάντας ἐλεήσῃ.purpose — the chapter's theological summit — the shutting-up serves the mercy
The doxology 11:33–36
33
Ὦ βάθος πλούτου καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως θεοῦ·independent — the exclamation — verbless: argument gives way to awe
ὡς ἀνεξεραύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦindependent — exclamatory ὡς — verbless: judgments beyond search
καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ.independent — verbless — ἀνεξιχνίαστοι: his footprints cannot be tracked
34
Τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου;independent — quotation-question — Isa 40:13: no one has known his mind
ἢ τίς σύμβουλος αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο;independent — quotation-question — Isa 40:13: God took no advice
35
ἢ τίς προέδωκεν αὐτῷ,independent — quotation-question — Job 41:11: no one has God in his debt
καὶ ἀνταποδοθήσεται αὐτῷ;independent — the repayment that never falls due (cf. ἀνταπόδομα, v. 9)
36
ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα·cause — the ground of it all — source, means, and goal in one line
αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.independent — the doxology proper — verbless, sealed with ἀμήν
Analysis. Romans 11 opens and closes flush-left and does its hardest thinking in the olive-colored column. Verses 1–10 are diatribe with Scripture: Λέγω οὖν launches the question, μὴ γένοιτο recoils, and twice a verb of saying carries a hanging quotation — Elijah's four-line complaint suspended under ἐντυγχάνει (1 Kgs 19:10) with the χρηματισμός answering at the margin (1 Kgs 19:18), then the hardening texts under γέγραπται and Δαυὶδ λέγει (Deut 29:4 + Isa 29:10; Ps 69:22–23; at v. 6 the shorter text is followed). The middle of the chapter is ruled by conditionals: nearly every sentence from v. 12 to v. 24 begins with an olive protasis leaning forward on its apodosis — the two πόσῳ μᾶλλον a-fortiori arguments (vv. 12, 24), the firstfruits/root pair (v. 16, all four limbs verbless), and the olive-tree warning where the one backward-leaning condition, ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς, hangs anchored under the very word χρηστότης it qualifies. Verses 25–32 disclose the mystery — the ὅτι-content of τὸ μυστήριον with its ἄχρι οὗ limit, then the Isaiah catena under γέγραπται — and the ὥσπερ…οὕτως chiasm of vv. 30–31 is shaped like a conditional sentence, the comparative limbs leaning forward on the οὕτως main clause. The doxology (vv. 33–36) is a flush-left column of verbless exclamations and unanswerable questions, grounded by one blood-red ὅτι line: from him, through him, to him. Interpretive choices the layout takes a side on: καὶ οὕτως (v. 26) is read as modal — 'in this manner,' by the very process of hardening, Gentile fullness, and jealousy just traced — not merely 'and then,' though a temporal horizon (ἄχρι οὗ) is implied; πᾶς Ἰσραήλ is taken as ethnic Israel as a whole (the debate is flagged, not erased); ἐφ' ὅσον (v. 13) and εἴ πως (v. 14) are treated as a degree-protasis and an anchored hope-clause on δοξάζω; τῷ ὑμετέρῳ ἐλέει (v. 31) is read proleptically with ἵνα ἐλεηθῶσιν; and the τίς-questions of vv. 34–35 stand at the margin as quotation-questions (Isa 40:13; Job 41:11) rather than hanging from any citation formula.