Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 11ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ ΙΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἤκουσαν δὲ οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ ὄντες κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ὅτι καὶ τὰ ἔθνη ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ.

Now the apostles and the brothers who were throughout Judea heard that even the Gentiles had received the word of God.

Scene transition / expositionδέThe mild adversative δέ shifts scene from Caesarea back to the Jerusalem-Judean circle. The aorist ἤκουσαν is constative: the news has spread. The ὅτι clause is the content of the report. The addition of καί before τὰ ἔθνη is ascensive — 'even the Gentiles' — marking the theological surprise.
ἬκουσανheardAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear, learn'; here the news travels to the Judean community.
δέnowmild adversative / narrative transition
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀπόστολοιapostlesNominativesubjectἀπόστολος: 'sent one'; the Twelve as the Jerusalem leadership body.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἀδελφοὶbrothersNominativesubject (conjoined)ἀδελφός: 'brother'; standard early Christian term for fellow believers.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantival with participle)
ὄντεςbeingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εἰμίattributive participle (restrictive)εἰμί: copula; with κατά + acc. means 'throughout.'
κατὰthroughoutpreposition + accusative (distributive extension)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἸουδαίανJudeaAccusativeobject of κατά (distributive)Ἰουδαία: the region of Judea; includes the wider Jerusalem circle.
ὅτιthatcontent conjunction (ὅτι-recitativum)
καὶevenascensive particle
τὰtheNominativearticle
ἔθνηGentilesNominativesubject of ἐδέξαντοἔθνος: 'nation, people'; pl. 'the Gentiles' as a category distinct from Israel.
ἐδέξαντοreceivedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · δέχομαιverb of ὅτι clause→ constative aoristδέχομαι: 'welcome, receive'; the same verb as in Lk 8:13; here of receiving the proclaimed word in faith.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'word'; in Acts 'the word of God' is a shorthand for the gospel proclamation.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source / subjective genitiveθεός: God; λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ = the message originating from God.
2

Ὅτε δὲ ἀνέβη Πέτρος εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, διεκρίνοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς

So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, those of the circumcision contended with him,

Temporal / conflict-introductionδέThe temporal Ὅτε clause frames the confrontation. The imperfect διεκρίνοντο (middle: 'they were contending/disputing') captures an ongoing argument, not a single rebuke. The phrase οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς — 'those of the circumcision' — denotes Jewish believers who held circumcision as a boundary marker (cf. 10:45; Gal 2:12).
Ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
δέsomild adversative / narrative connective
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; Jerusalem lies higher than Caesarea; 'going up' to Jerusalem is standard usage (cf. Acts 15:2; 21:12).
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter; named subject of the temporal clause.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)Ἱεροσόλυμα: Greek form of Jerusalem; the neuter plural is standard in Acts.
διεκρίνοντοwere contendingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · διακρίνωmain verb (apodosis)→ progressive imperfect (ongoing dispute)διακρίνω (mid.): 'contend, dispute, take issue'; the middle voice with πρός + accusative = 'argue face-to-face against'; the imperfect marks a sustained objection.
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative (adversative)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός (person disputed with)
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantivizing ἐκ phrase)
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive / group identification)
περιτομῆςcircumcisionGenitivegenitive of identification (group)περιτομή: 'circumcision'; metonymy for Jewish identity and the practice as a covenant boundary marker (cf. Gal 2:12).
3

λέγοντες ὅτι Εἰσῆλθες πρὸς ἄνδρας ἀκροβυστίαν ἔχοντας καὶ συνέφαγες αὐτοῖς.

saying, 'You went in to men who are uncircumcised and ate with them.'

Content of accusationasyndetonThe participle λέγοντες introduces the direct content of the objection. The charge is twofold: entering the house of uncircumcised men (the purity concern of 10:28) and table fellowship (συνέφαγες, aorist). Eating together was the most intimate form of social boundary-crossing; this is what Peter's defence must answer.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωsupplementary participle (manner/content of διεκρίνοντο)λέγω: 'say'; the participle specifies the content of the dispute.
ὅτιthatcontent conjunction (ὅτι-recitativum introducing direct speech)
Εἰσῆλθεςyou enteredAor Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb of accusation→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'go in/enter'; entering a Gentile house was the purity offense of 10:28 — 'it is unlawful for a Jew to join himself to a foreigner.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (movement toward persons)
ἄνδραςmenAccusativeobject of πρόςἀνήρ: 'man'; generic reference to Cornelius and his household.
ἀκροβυστίανuncircumcisionAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντας (accusative of respect / retained object)ἀκροβυστία: 'foreskin, uncircumcision'; the physical marker and its social-religious significance; the opposite of περιτομή.
ἔχονταςhavingPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle (characterizing ἄνδρας)ἔχω: 'have, possess'; the participle specifies the defining characteristic.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συνέφαγεςate withAor Act Indic 2 Sg · συνεσθίωconjoined main verb (second charge)→ constative aoristσυνεσθίω: 'eat together with'; the compound σύν emphasizes shared table fellowship — the social boundary most freighted with Jewish purity concerns; cf. Gal 2:11–14.
αὐτοῖςwith themDativedative of association
4

Ἀρξάμενος δὲ Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο αὐτοῖς καθεξῆς λέγων·

But Peter began and explained to them in order, saying:

Response / narrative pivotδέThe aorist participle Ἀρξάμενος ('having begun') + imperfect ἐξετίθετο ('was setting out/explaining') together convey deliberate, ordered recitation. The adverb καθεξῆς ('in sequence, one by one') — a Lukan favorite (Lk 1:3; 8:1; Acts 3:24; 18:23) — signals that Peter's defense will replay the Cornelius narrative in strict chronological order.
ἈρξάμενοςbeginningAor Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἄρχωattendant circumstance participleἄρχω (mid.): 'begin'; the middle ἄρχομαι is the standard Lukan idiom for initiating a speech or action (cf. Lk 3:23; 24:27; Acts 1:1).
δέbutmild adversative conjunction
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject
ἐξετίθετοwas explainingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐκτίθημιmain verb→ progressive imperfect (unfolding explanation)ἐκτίθημι (mid.): 'set out, explain'; used again in 18:26 (Priscilla and Aquila to Apollos) and 28:23 (Paul to Rome's Jews); the middle voice indicates careful self-presentation.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (audience)
καθεξῆςin orderadverb (manner/sequence)καθεξῆς: 'in order, one after another'; Lukan idiom (Lk 1:3; Acts 3:24; 18:23) highlighting ordered narrative.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωsupplementary participle introducing direct speech
5

Ἐγὼ ἤμην ἐν πόλει Ἰόππῃ προσευχόμενος καὶ εἶδον ἐν ἐκστάσει ὅραμα, καταβαῖνον σκεῦός τι ὡς ὀθόνην μεγάλην τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς καθιεμένην ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἦλθεν ἄχρι ἐμοῦ·

I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision — something like a large sheet being let down from heaven by its four corners, and it came to me.

Narrative recitation (the vision — stage 1)asyndetonPeter's defense opens with his own location and activity, grounding the vision in factual setting. The ἐν ἐκστάσει ὅραμα formula identifies this as divine communication (cf. 10:10, 17, 19). The expansion of the sheet image here (vs. 10:11) uses the same vocabulary but slightly different word order, confirming this is conscious rhetorical recitation for a different audience.
ἘγὼINominativeemphatic personal pronoun (subject)
ἤμηνwasImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (setting)→ progressive imperfect (ongoing state)εἰμί: copula; the imperfect sets the continuous background state.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
πόλειcityDativeobject of ἐν (location)πόλις: 'city'; with the proper name Ἰόππῃ in apposition.
ἸόππῃJoppaDativeapposition to πόλειἸόππη: Joppa (modern Jaffa), the coastal city where Peter stayed with Simon the tanner (Acts 9:36–43; 10:5–8).
προσευχόμενοςprayingPres Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · προσεύχομαιcircumstantial participle (temporal/attendant)προσεύχομαι: 'pray'; Peter was at prayer (midday, 10:9) when the vision came — grounding it in an act of piety.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the standard visionary seeing verb in Acts (cf. 10:11; 16:10; 18:9).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/mode of seeing)
ἐκστάσειa tranceDativedative of sphere (in the state of trance)ἔκστασις: 'trance, astonishment'; from ἐξ-ίστημι 'stand outside oneself'; a visionary altered state of consciousness (also 10:10; 22:17; LXX Gen 2:21).
ὅραμαa visionAccusativedirect objectὅραμα: 'vision' (from ὁράω); divine visual communication (Acts 9:10; 10:3, 17; 16:9–10; 18:9).
καταβαῖνονcoming downPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Neut · καταβαίνωattributive participle (content of vision — what was seen descending)καταβαίνω: 'come/go down, descend'; the participle describes the object in motion.
σκεῦόςobjectAccusativeaccusative in apposition (in predicate to ὅραμα / subject of description)σκεῦος: 'vessel, container, object'; here undefined — 'something like a sheet.'
τιsomeAccusativeenclitic indefinite pronoun
ὡςlikecomparative particle (introducing simile)
ὀθόνηνa sheetAccusativeobject of ὡς (comparatum)ὀθόνη: 'linen cloth, sheet, sail'; used only here and 10:11 in the NT; large domestic linen.
μεγάληνlargeAccusativeattributive adjective
τέσσαρσινfourDativedative (instrumental, with ἀρχαῖς)
ἀρχαῖςcornersDativedative of means (by its four corners)ἀρχή: 'beginning, corner, ruler'; here 'corners/extremities' of the sheet.
καθιεμένηνbeing let downPres Pass Ptc Acc Sg Fem · καθίημιattributive participle (modifying ὀθόνην)καθίημι: 'let down, lower'; used of the sheet also in 10:11; cf. also Acts 9:25 (Paul lowered in a basket).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of sourceοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the divine origin of the vision-object signals its theological authority.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθενit cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιconjoined main verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the sheet descended all the way to Peter's position — personal, direct address.
ἄχριas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἄχρι: 'as far as, until'; here spatial.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive of goal (with ἄχρι)
6

εἰς ἣν ἀτενίσας κατενόουν καὶ εἶδον τὰ τετράποδα τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰ θηρία καὶ τὰ ἑρπετὰ καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Gazing at it I was observing and I saw the four-footed animals of the earth and the wild beasts and the reptiles and the birds of the sky.

Content of vision (stage 2: the contents of the sheet)asyndetonThe imperfect κατενόουν ('was examining closely') is ingressive or iterative — Peter looked carefully at the contents. The fourfold list (four-footed, wild beasts, reptiles, birds) mirrors the creation taxonomy and echoes the clean/unclean categories of Lev 11 / Deut 14, making the theological point immediately available.
εἰςatpreposition + accusative (direction of gaze)
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς, antecedent = the sheet)
ἀτενίσαςgazingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀτενίζωattendant circumstance participleἀτενίζω: 'gaze intently, fix eyes on'; a Lukan favorite (Lk 4:20; 22:56; Acts 1:10; 3:4, 12; 6:15; 7:55; 10:4; 13:9; 14:9; 23:1); from ἀτενής 'stretched toward.'
κατενόουνI was observingImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · κατανοέωmain verb→ progressive/iterative imperfect (careful ongoing examination)κατανοέω: 'notice carefully, consider, contemplate'; the κατα- prefix intensifies; cf. Acts 7:31 (Moses examining the bush); 27:39.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωconjoined main verb→ constative aorist
τὰtheAccusativearticle
τετράποδαfour-footed animalsAccusativedirect object (first category)τετράπους: 'four-footed'; from τέτρα + πούς; a broad category of land animals (cf. Rom 1:23).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of source/categoryγῆ: 'earth, land'; the domain of land animals.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle
θηρίαwild beastsAccusativedirect object (second category)θηρίον: 'wild animal, beast'; often of dangerous or undomesticated animals; many would be Levitically unclean.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ἑρπετὰreptilesAccusativedirect object (third category)ἑρπετόν: 'creeping thing, reptile'; from ἕρπω 'creep'; cf. Rom 1:23; Jas 3:7; categorically unclean (Lev 11:41–45).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle
πετεινὰbirdsAccusativedirect object (fourth category)πετεινόν: 'bird, winged creature'; from πέτομαι 'fly'; cf. Lev 11:13–23 for clean/unclean birds.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦskyGenitivegenitive of domainοὐρανός: 'sky/heaven'; here the atmospheric domain of birds.
7

ἤκουσα δὲ καὶ φωνῆς λεγούσης μοι· Ἀναστάς, Πέτρε, θῦσον καὶ φάγε.

And I also heard a voice saying to me, 'Rise, Peter; kill and eat.'

Divine command (vision stage 3)δέThe auditory component of the vision follows the visual. The double imperative Ἀναστάς … θῦσον … φάγε (rise, kill, eat) is a divine command that cuts through the Levitical categories just seen in the sheet. The aorist participle Ἀναστάς ('having risen') is attendant circumstance — rise and then act.
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; with genitive of the thing heard (φωνῆς — a common NT construction).
δέandmild adversative / additive conjunction
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
φωνῆςa voiceGenitivegenitive of thing heard (with ἀκούω)φωνή: 'voice, sound'; the genitive after ἀκούω is standard — hearing a voice.
λεγούσηςsayingPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Fem · λέγωattributive participle (content of the voice)
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object (addressee)
ἈναστάςRiseAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle (imperatival force)ἀνίστημι: 'stand up, rise'; the aorist participle in imperatival commands — 'having risen' = 'get up and …'
ΠέτρεPeterVocativevocative (direct address)Πέτρος: the divine voice addresses Peter by name, personalizing the command.
θῦσονkillAor Act Impv 2 Sg · θύωimperative (first command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeθύω: 'slaughter, sacrifice, kill (for food)'; the command to slaughter any creature from the sheet regardless of Levitical category.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φάγεeatAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐσθίωimperative (second command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐσθίω: 'eat'; together θῦσον καὶ φάγε directly challenges the Levitical food laws — the crux of the vision's meaning.
8

εἶπον δέ· Μηδαμῶς, κύριε, ὅτι κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον οὐδέποτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου.

But I said, 'By no means, Lord, for nothing common or unclean has ever entered my mouth.'

Objection (Peter's refusal)δέPeter's strong refusal (Μηδαμῶς — by no means, emphatically) echoes Ezek 4:14 LXX, where the prophet refuses God's command to eat defiled bread. The perfect ἀκάθαρτον refers to the ongoing status of unclean foods. The address κύριε acknowledges divine authority even while refusing — which sharpens the drama of the second command.
εἶπονI saidAor Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω: standard speech verb.
δέbutmild adversative conjunction
Μηδαμῶςby no meansemphatic negative adverbμηδαμῶς: 'by no means, certainly not'; strong refusal; only here and 10:14 in the NT.
κύριεLordVocativevocative (direct address)κύριος: 'Lord'; Peter addresses the divine voice with full authority-acknowledgment even as he refuses.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
κοινὸνcommonNominativepredicate adjective (subject of εἰσῆλθεν)κοινός: 'common, defiled'; in Jewish purity usage = ritually impure (opposite of ἅγιος/καθαρός); cf. Mk 7:2; Acts 10:14, 28; Rom 14:14.
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἀκάθαρτονuncleanNominativepredicate adjective (conjoined with κοινόν)ἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; the Levitical technical term; the pairing κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον (also 10:14, 28) reinforces completeness of the refusal.
οὐδέποτεnevernegative temporal adverbοὐδέποτε: 'never at any time'; absolute past negation, stressing lifelong observance.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; the idiom 'enter the mouth' = be eaten.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
στόμαmouthAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)στόμα: 'mouth'; the idiom εἰς τὸ στόμα εἰσέρχομαι = be eaten (cf. Mt 15:11).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
9

ἀπεκρίθη δὲ φωνὴ ἐκ δευτέρου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· Ἃ ὁ θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν, σὺ μὴ κοίνου.

But the voice answered from heaven a second time, 'What God has cleansed, you must not call common.'

Divine counter-command (vision stage 4: the reversal)δέThe theological crux of the vision: God's perfect tense (ἐκαθάρισεν, 'has cleansed') overturns Peter's Levitical categories. The present imperative μὴ κοίνου ('stop making common' or 'do not make common') carries the force of a general prohibition. The relative pronoun Ἅ ('what') is neuter plural, encompassing the full range of the sheet's contents — but its application extends beyond food to persons (v.28).
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, respond'; the deponent passive form is standard NT usage.
δέbutmild adversative conjunction
φωνὴa voiceNominativesubjectφωνή: the divine voice of the vision.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
δευτέρουa second timeGenitivegenitive (idiomatic: ἐκ δευτέρου = 'a second time')δεύτερος: 'second'; the idiom ἐκ δευτέρου = 'a second time'; cf. Mt 26:42; Heb 9:28.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of sourceοὐρανός: the source marker; reinforces divine authority of the command.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative of object, fronted as topic)
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubjectθεός: the actor — God's own cleansing declaration, not human reclassification.
ἐκαθάρισενhas cleansedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωrelative clause verb→ culminative aorist (completed divine action with ongoing result)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse, purify'; the aorist here is a divine declaratory act — God has pronounced clean; cf. 10:15; Mk 7:19.
σύyouNominativeemphatic pronoun (subject, contrastive with ὁ θεός)
μὴnotnegative particle (with imperative = prohibition)
κοίνουmake commonPres Act Impv 2 Sg · κοινόωimperative (prohibition)→ durative present prohibition (stop making/do not make common)κοινόω: 'make common, defile'; the denominative verb from κοινός; cf. Mt 15:11, 18, 20; Mk 7:15; Acts 21:28; Heb 9:13.
10

τοῦτο δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς, καὶ ἀνεσπάσθη πάλιν ἅπαντα εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.

This happened three times, and everything was drawn up again into heaven.

Concluding action of visionδέThe threefold repetition (ἐπὶ τρίς) is both narrative completeness (a biblical trope of certainty: cf. Amos 1–2; Peter's three denials; the Lord's thrice-repeated voice to Samuel) and rhetorical emphasis for the Jerusalem audience. The passive ἀνεσπάσθη ('was drawn up') implies the divine agent; the vision ends as it began — from and to heaven.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)
δέandmild adversative / continuative conjunction
ἐγένετοhappenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, occur, come about'; standard events verb.
ἐπὶup topreposition + accusative (repetition: ἐπὶ τρίς = 'three times')
τρίςthree timesnumerical adverb (with ἐπί)τρίς: 'three times'; the biblical number of completeness/certainty.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνεσπάσθηwas drawn upAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀνασπάωconjoined main verb→ constative aorist (divine passive)ἀνασπάω: 'draw up, pull back'; the divine passive implies God drew it back; cf. Acts 20:9 (Eutychus 'pulled up').
πάλινagainadverb (temporal: reverse motion)
ἅπανταeverythingNominativesubject (or predicate adjective: 'all of it')ἅπας: 'all, whole'; stronger form of πᾶς; the totality of the vision-contents returned to heaven.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (directional)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)οὐρανός: heaven; the vision's return to its origin frames it as completed divine communication.
11

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐξαυτῆς τρεῖς ἄνδρες ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐν ᾗ ἤμην, ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ Καισαρείας πρός με.

And behold, at that very moment three men stood at the house in which I was, sent from Caesarea to me.

Immediate sequel (the vision gives way to the messengers)καίThe ἰδοὺ ('behold') marks a new and striking development immediately after the vision ended. ἐξαυτῆς ('at that very moment') is specifically Lukan (Acts 10:33; 21:32; 23:30) and stresses the divine timing. The perfect passive ἀπεσταλμένοι ('having been sent') emphasizes that their sending was a completed, authoritative commission — they were dispatched from Caesarea before the vision even ended.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker / interjectionἰδού: fixed particle signaling a surprise or noteworthy event; LXX-derived Hebrew ‎הִנֵּה idiom.
ἐξαυτῆςat that very momenttemporal adverbἐξαυτῆς: 'immediately, at once, at that very moment'; a Lukan idiom (Acts 10:33; 21:32; 23:30) emphasizing temporal immediacy.
τρεῖςthreeNominativecardinal numeral (adjective modifying ἄνδρες)
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubjectἀνήρ: 'man'; the three emissaries sent by Cornelius (10:7–8).
ἐπέστησανstoodAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐφίστημιmain verb→ ingressive aorist (they took their stand)ἐφίστημι: 'stand over/at, present oneself'; often of sudden appearances (Lk 2:9; 24:4; Acts 12:7; 23:11); the ingressive aorist marks the point of their arrival.
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (position near)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of ἐπίοἰκία: 'house, household'; Simon the tanner's house (Acts 10:6).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
whichDativerelative pronoun (locative, antecedent = οἰκίαν)
ἤμηνI wasImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ progressive imperfect (I was staying there)
ἀπεσταλμένοιhaving been sentPerf Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀποστέλλωpredicate participle (appositive to τρεῖς ἄνδρες)ἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; the perfect passive stresses the completed, authoritative sending — they arrived as official envoys of Cornelius (10:7–8).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ΚαισαρείαςCaesareaGenitivegenitive of sourceΚαισάρεια: Caesarea Maritima, the Roman administrative capital of Judea, where Cornelius was stationed.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (directional — sent to)
μεmeAccusativeobject of πρός (recipient)
12

εἶπεν δὲ τὸ πνεῦμά μοι συνελθεῖν αὐτοῖς μηδὲν διακρίναντα. ἦλθον δὲ σὺν ἐμοὶ καὶ οἱ ἓξ ἀδελφοὶ οὗτοι καὶ εἰσήλθομεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀνδρός·

And the Spirit told me to go with them, making no distinction. These six brothers also came with me, and we entered the man's house.

Spirit's command and Peter's obedienceδέThe Spirit's command (εἶπεν τὸ πνεῦμά μοι) grounds the action in divine instruction. The participle μηδὲν διακρίναντα ('making no distinction / doubting nothing') echoes 10:20 and 11:2's διεκρίνοντο — the same root: Peter acted without the hesitation his critics showed. The mention of ἓξ ἀδελφοί ('six brothers') as eyewitnesses is apologetic — a circle of attestation for the Jerusalem audience.
εἶπενtoldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say, tell'; here the Spirit is the speaker.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμάSpiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the Holy Spirit (cf. 10:19–20) who gave Peter the direct command to go.
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object
συνελθεῖνto go withAor Act Inf · συνέρχομαιinfinitive (indirect command after εἶπεν)→ constative aorist infinitiveσυνέρχομαι: 'come together, go with'; the συν- marks accompanying.
αὐτοῖςwith themDativedative of association (with συνελθεῖν)
μηδὲνnothingAccusativeobject of διακρίναντα (cognate accusative / internal object)
διακρίνανταmaking no distinctionAor Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · διακρίνωcircumstantial participle (manner: without doubting / making no distinction)διακρίνω: 'distinguish, doubt, waver'; here 'without making any distinction' (μηδὲν διακρίναντα) — the same root as the accusers' διεκρίνοντο (v.2), framing Peter's obedience against their doubt.
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (second sentence)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; the six brothers came as witnesses.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
ἐμοὶmeDativeobject of σύν
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἓξsixNominativecardinal numeral adjective
ἀδελφοὶbrothersNominativesubject (conjoined)ἀδελφός: fellow believers who accompanied Peter as corroborating witnesses.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative adjective (pointing to those present)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσήλθομενwe enteredAor Act Indic 1 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιconjoined main verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; the plural 'we' includes the six witnesses — a communal act of entering a Gentile home.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (directional)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οἶκονhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἶκος: 'house, household'; the 'man's house' = Cornelius' home at Caesarea.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνδρόςmanGenitivegenitive of possessionἀνήρ: 'man'; Cornelius is referred to circumspectly here — named in the account proper (10:30) but not repeated here, letting Peter control the pacing of his narrative.
13

ἀπήγγειλεν δὲ ἡμῖν πῶς εἶδεν τὸν ἄγγελον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ σταθέντα καὶ εἰπόντα· Ἀπόστειλον εἰς Ἰόππην καὶ μετάπεμψαι Σίμωνα τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον Πέτρον,

And he reported to us how he had seen the angel standing in his house and saying, 'Send to Joppa and fetch Simon who is called Peter;

Cornelius' angelic vision (corroborating report)δέCornelius' account (already given in 10:30–32) is now summarized in Peter's recitation, with the indirect question πῶς εἶδεν introducing it. The aorist participles σταθέντα καὶ εἰπόντα describe the angel's actions — the perfect σταθέντα ('having stood, standing') emphasizes his established presence. The double imperative Ἀπόστειλον … μετάπεμψαι represents the angel's authoritative command.
ἀπήγγειλενreportedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπαγγέλλω: 'report, announce'; a formal report verb; Cornelius gave an official account.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
ἡμῖνto usDativedative of indirect object
πῶςhowindirect interrogative conjunction (introducing indirect question)
εἶδενhe had seenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωverb of indirect question→ constative aorist (antecedent action)ὁράω: 'see'; the vision of the angel by Cornelius (10:3–6).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἄγγελονangelAccusativedirect objectἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; the divine envoy who appeared to Cornelius (10:3, 22, 30).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle
οἴκῳhouseDativeobject of ἐν (location)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
σταθένταstandingAor Pass Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἵστημιobject complement participle (how the angel was seen)ἵστημι: 'stand'; aorist passive participle = 'having taken his stand'; the stative result — the angel was standing in Cornelius' house.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰπόνταsayingAor Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · λέγωobject complement participle (conjoined, introducing direct speech)
ἈπόστειλονSendAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀποστέλλωimperative (first command of angel)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; the angel commands Cornelius to dispatch messengers.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ἸόππηνJoppaAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)Ἰόππη: Joppa, the coastal town where Peter was staying.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετάπεμψαιfetchAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · μεταπέμπωimperative (second command of angel)→ ingressive aorist imperativeμεταπέμπω (mid.): 'send for, summon'; the middle means 'send for someone to come to oneself'; also 10:5, 22, 29, 32.
ΣίμωναSimonAccusativedirect objectΣίμων: Simon (Peter's Jewish name).
τὸνthe oneAccusativearticle (substantival with participle)
ἐπικαλούμενονcalledPres Pass Ptc Acc Sg Masc · ἐπικαλέωattributive participle (surname/alias)ἐπικαλέω (pass.): 'be called, be surnamed'; the standard way of noting an alias (cf. Acts 1:23; 4:36; 10:5, 18, 32; 12:12, 25).
ΠέτρονPeterAccusativeobject complement (the surname/alias)Πέτρος: 'Rock'; the Greek rendering of Aramaic Κηφᾶς.
14

ὃς λαλήσει ῥήματα πρὸς σέ, ἐν οἷς σωθήσῃ σὺ καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκός σου.

who will speak words to you by which you and all your household will be saved.'

Purpose of Peter's summons (the angel's words continued)asyndetonThe relative clause ὃς λαλήσει ('who will speak') continues the angel's reported command. The instrumental ἐν οἷς ('by which') is the key: Peter's words will be the instrument of salvation. The phrase σὺ καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκός σου ('you and all your household') echoes the household-salvation pattern prominent in Acts (16:31; 18:8) and the Abrahamic promise structure. This is the purpose that drove the entire Cornelius episode.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject, antecedent = Πέτρον)
λαλήσειwill speakFut Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb of relative clause→ predictive futureλαλέω: 'speak'; often in Luke-Acts of proclamation; the predictive future is the angel's foreknowledge.
ῥήματαwordsAccusativedirect objectῥῆμα: 'word, saying'; plural of the specific utterances Peter will bring — not just a general message but a specific saving proclamation.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (directional — addressed to)
σέyouAccusativeobject of πρός (recipient)
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental)
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (instrumental dative, antecedent = ῥήματα)
σωθήσῃyou will be savedFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · σῴζωmain verb of relative clause→ predictive future (divine passive)σῴζω: 'save, rescue, deliver'; the divine passive points to God as agent; salvation is both eschatological and realized (cf. Acts 2:21, 40, 47; 4:12; 16:30–31).
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶςallNominativeadjective modifying ὁ οἶκόςπᾶς: 'all, every'; the totality of the household.
theNominativearticle
οἶκόςhouseholdNominativesubject (conjoined)οἶκος: 'house, household'; the social unit of Cornelius — family, slaves, dependents (cf. 10:2, 24).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
15

ἐν δὲ τῷ ἄρξασθαί με λαλεῖν ἐπέπεσεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς ὥσπερ καὶ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐν ἀρχῇ.

And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them just as it also did on us at the beginning.

Climactic event: the Spirit falls on the GentilesδέThe articular infinitive ἐν τῷ ἄρξασθαί με λαλεῖν ('while I was beginning to speak') marks the exact temporal coincidence — Peter had barely begun before God acted. The comparison ὥσπερ καὶ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐν ἀρχῇ is the theological crux of the defense: 'just as on us at the beginning' = Pentecost (2:1–4). The Pentecost parallel makes the Caesarea event an unmistakable act of God, not a human initiative.
ἐνaspreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)
δέandcontinuative conjunction
τῷtheDativearticle (part of articular infinitive construction ἐν τῷ + inf.)
ἄρξασθαίbeginAor Mid Inf · ἄρχωinfinitive in temporal ἐν τῷ construction ('while beginning')→ ingressive aorist infinitiveἄρχω (mid.): 'begin'; with the following complementary infinitive λαλεῖν.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Inf · λαλέωcomplementary infinitive (with ἄρξασθαι)λαλέω: 'speak'; the proclamation Peter was delivering to Cornelius' household (cf. 10:34–43).
ἐπέπεσενfellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιπίπτωmain verb (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (the Spirit's decisive coming upon)ἐπιπίπτω: 'fall upon'; vivid verb for the Spirit's coming on people (also 8:16; 10:44; 11:15; 19:6; cf. Ezek 11:5 LXX).
τὸtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμαSpiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the subject with the article + ἅγιον = 'the Holy Spirit.'
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive)
ἅγιονHolyNominativeattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy, set apart'; the standard epithet of the Spirit in Acts.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + accusative (direction/extent — upon)
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of ἐπί (recipients)
ὥσπερjust ascomparative conjunctionὥσπερ: 'just as, in the same way as'; introduces the Pentecost comparison.
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
ἐφ᾿onpreposition + accusative
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of ἐφ᾿ (the Jewish believers at Pentecost)
ἐνatpreposition + dative (temporal)
ἀρχῇthe beginningDativedative of time (at the beginning = Pentecost)ἀρχή: 'beginning'; ἐν ἀρχῇ here = the founding Pentecost event (Acts 2:1–4), not creation; the ultimate warrant for the Gentile mission.
16

ἐμνήσθην δὲ τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου ὡς ἔλεγεν· Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι, ὑμεῖς δὲ βαπτισθήσεσθε ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

And I remembered the word of the Lord, how he used to say, 'John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.'

Interpretive recollection (Scripture / dominical word as hermeneutical key)δέPeter's interpretive move: the Spirit's falling triggered memory of the Lord's promise (cf. 1:5; Lk 3:16). The imperfect ἔλεγεν ('was saying / used to say') frames the dominical saying as something spoken with ongoing force. The μέν … δέ contrast (John's water-baptism vs. Spirit-baptism) is the theological backbone of Acts 1:5 and shows that Cornelius' experience was a Spirit-baptism, equivalent to Pentecost.
ἐμνήσθηνI rememberedAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · μιμνήσκωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (moment of recollection)μιμνήσκω (pass.): 'remember, call to mind'; the aorist passive is deponent; cf. Lk 22:61; 24:6; Acts 10:31; 2 Pet 3:2.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ῥήματοςwordGenitivegenitive of the thing remembered (with μιμνήσκω + gen.)ῥῆμα: 'word, saying'; here the specific dominical logion about Spirit-baptism (Acts 1:5).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivegenitive of source/authorκύριος: 'Lord'; = Jesus; his pre-ascension promise (Acts 1:4–5).
ὡςhowindirect comparative / content conjunctionὡς: here introducing indirect speech with the content of what was said.
ἔλεγενhe used to sayImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of ὡς clause→ iterative/customary imperfect (he used to say / was saying)λέγω: the imperfect is iterative or characterizing — this was a saying the Lord repeated.
ἸωάννηςJohnNominativesubject (μέν clause)Ἰωάννης: John the Baptist.
μένon the one handcorrelative particle (μέν … δέ contrast)
ἐβάπτισενbaptizedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βαπτίζωmain verb (μέν clause)→ constative aoristβαπτίζω: 'baptize, immerse'; John's water-baptism as the preparatory rite.
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of means/instrumentὕδωρ: 'water'; the element of John's baptism, contrasted with πνεῦμα.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject (δέ clause)
δέbutadversative correlative (μέν … δέ)
βαπτισθήσεσθεwill be baptizedFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · βαπτίζωmain verb (δέ clause)→ predictive future (divine passive)βαπτίζω (pass.): the divine passive marks God / the risen Lord as the baptizer; cf. 1:5.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental sphere)
πνεύματιSpiritDativedative of means/instrumentπνεῦμα: Holy Spirit; the element and agent of eschatological baptism.
ἁγίῳHolyDativeattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; the qualifier πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (anarthrous) = by/with Holy Spirit.
17

εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν πιστεύσασιν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν θεόν;

If then God gave to them the same gift as he also gave to us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could hinder God?

Inference / rhetorical climax of the defenseοὖνThe inferential οὖν draws the conclusion from all that Peter has recounted. The first-class conditional (εἰ + indicative, εἰ … ἔδωκεν) treats the gift as an established fact. The rhetorical question ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν θεόν ('who was I to be able to hinder God?') is the chapter's key verse — the argument reduces to divine sovereignty. The verb κωλύω ('hinder, prevent') also appears in the baptism scenes (8:36; 10:47) as the canonical 'what prevents?' formula.
εἰifconditional conjunction (first-class condition)
οὖνtheninferential conjunctionοὖν: 'therefore, then'; draws the logical inference from the evidence presented.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἴσηνsameAccusativeattributive adjectiveἴσος: 'equal, same'; τὴν ἴσην δωρεάν = 'the identical gift' — equal in quality and kind, not a lesser or different Spirit.
δωρεὰνgiftAccusativedirect objectδωρεά: 'gift, free grant'; the term used of the Spirit in Acts 2:38; 8:20; 10:45; here 'the same gift' = the Spirit poured out at Pentecost.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb of conditional clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; God as the giver of the Spirit — his sovereign act.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (the Gentiles)
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubject (late in clause for emphasis)θεός: the actor; Peter places God as subject to emphasize divine initiative.
ὡςascomparative conjunction
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
ἡμῖνusDativedative of indirect object (the Jewish believers at Pentecost)
πιστεύσασινwho believedAor Act Ptc Dat Pl Masc · πιστεύωattributive participle (modifying ἡμῖν)πιστεύω: 'believe, trust'; the aorist marks the act of faith as the ground on which the Spirit was given.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (object of faith: ἐπί + acc. = trust upon)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κύριονLordAccusativeobject of πιστεύω (with ἐπί)κύριος: 'Lord'; the object of saving faith.
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeapposition to κύριονἸησοῦς: personal name of Jesus.
ΧριστόνChristAccusativeapposition (name-title)Χριστός: 'Anointed, Messiah'; the full three-part name κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν is the climactic confessional form.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic pronoun (subject of rhetorical question)
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate: 'who was I?')
ἤμηνwasImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of rhetorical question→ progressive imperfect
δυνατὸςableNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: 'able, powerful'; with infinitive = 'capable of.'
κωλῦσαιto hinderAor Act Inf · κωλύωcomplementary infinitive (with δυνατός)→ constative aorist infinitiveκωλύω: 'hinder, prevent, stop'; the baptismal veto-word (8:36; 10:47; 11:17); here: 'who was I to prevent God?'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεόνGodAccusativedirect object of κωλῦσαιθεός: God as the one who gave the gift — to 'hinder God' is the reductio ad absurdum of the critics' position.
18

ἀκούσαντες δὲ ταῦτα ἡσύχασαν καὶ ἐδόξαζον τὸν θεὸν λέγοντες· Ἄρα καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὁ θεὸς τὴν μετάνοιαν εἰς ζωὴν ἔδωκεν.

When they heard these things they fell silent, and they glorified God, saying, 'Then to the Gentiles also God has granted repentance that leads to life.'

Conclusion: Jerusalem validates the Gentile missionδέThe Jerusalem believers' response is the resolution of the entire episode and the first formal validation of the Gentile mission by the mother church. ἡσύχασαν ('they fell silent') indicates the objection is fully answered. The doxology and the theological conclusion — 'to the Gentiles also God has granted repentance unto life' — is the hinge on which the Gentile mission narrative now turns. This rephrases Peter's argument (God gave them the same gift) as a soteriological statement.
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωtemporal participle (when they heard)ἀκούω: 'hear, listen to.'
δέandcontinuative conjunction
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσαντες
ἡσύχασανfell silentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἡσυχάζωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (they became silent)ἡσυχάζω: 'be quiet, fall silent, rest'; ingressive aorist — they stopped their objection. Used similarly of silencing opponents at 21:14.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐδόξαζονthey glorifiedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · δοξάζωconjoined main verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing praise)δοξάζω: 'glorify, praise'; the imperfect marks sustained worship — not a single moment but a continuing response.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεὸνGodAccusativedirect objectθεός: the object of their worship — God himself, not Peter, is the real agent.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωsupplementary participle (content of their glorifying)
Ἄραtheninferential particleἄρα: 'then, therefore'; draws a logical conclusion from what has been heard — 'so then it follows that …'
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἔθνεσινGentilesDativedative of indirect object (fronted for emphasis)ἔθνος: 'nation, Gentile'; the dative is fronted — the theological surprise is that the Gentiles are the recipients.
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubject
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μετάνοιανrepentanceAccusativedirect objectμετάνοια: 'repentance, change of mind/direction'; the NT word for a complete turning of orientation toward God; the gift given is the capacity to repent, not just the call.
εἰςuntopreposition + accusative (goal/result)
ζωὴνlifeAccusativeobject of εἰς (result/destination)ζωή: 'life'; here eschatological/eternal life — the endpoint of repentance.
ἔδωκενhas grantedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ culminative aoristδίδωμι: 'give, grant'; the aorist marks the divine gift as accomplished; God has done it — permanently.
19

Οἱ μὲν οὖν διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ διῆλθον ἕως Φοινίκης καὶ Κύπρου καὶ Ἀντιοχείας, μηδενὶ λαλοῦντες τὸν λόγον εἰ μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις.

Now those who were scattered because of the persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except Jews only.

Scene transition / resumptive narrativeοὖνThe Οἱ μὲν οὖν resumes the narrative thread from 8:4 (the scattering after Stephen's death), now extending it to Antioch. The μέν sets up the contrast with the following δέ in v.20 (those who spoke to Greeks). The phrase μηδενὶ λαλοῦντες … εἰ μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις acknowledges that the scattered missionaries were still observing the 'Israel-first' pattern — setting up the innovation of v.20.
ΟἱthoseNominativearticle (substantival with participle)
μένon the one handcorrelative particle (μέν … δέ anticipating v.20)
οὖνnowresumptive/transitional conjunctionοὖν: resumptive here (cf. Acts 8:4) rather than purely inferential; picks up the narrative thread.
διασπαρέντεςhaving been scatteredAor Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · διασπείρωsubstantival participle (subject = οἱ … διασπαρέντες)διασπείρω: 'scatter'; the same verb as 8:1, 4; the diaspora of the persecuted believers becomes the vehicle of the gospel's spread.
ἀπὸbecause ofpreposition + genitive (cause/source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
θλίψεωςpersecutionGenitivegenitive of causeθλῖψις: 'tribulation, affliction, pressure'; the persecution that erupted at Stephen's death (Acts 8:1; cf. 11:19 picking up 8:4).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γενομένηςthat aroseAor Mid Ptc Gen Sg Fem · γίνομαιattributive participle (modifying θλίψεως)γίνομαι: 'happen, arise'; the persecution arose (ἐγένετο) over Stephen.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + dative (occasion/cause: 'in connection with')
ΣτεφάνῳStephenDativeobject of ἐπί (the person in connection with whom)Στέφανος: Stephen, the first martyr (Acts 6–7), whose death triggered the persecution.
διῆλθονtraveledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · διέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristδιέρχομαι: 'pass through, travel through'; the geographic spread of the gospel.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)
ΦοινίκηςPhoeniciaGenitivegenitive of extent (with ἕως)Φοινίκη: Phoenicia, the coastal strip north of Galilee (Tyre and Sidon region); a significant Diaspora-Jewish zone.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΚύπρουCyprusGenitivegenitive of extent (with ἕως)Κύπρος: Cyprus, the island with significant Jewish population; homeland of Barnabas (4:36).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἈντιοχείαςAntiochGenitivegenitive of extent (with ἕως — the farthest point)Ἀντιόχεια: Antioch on the Orontes, the third city of the Roman empire; becomes the base of Paul's mission (Acts 13–14; 15; 18:22).
μηδενὶto no oneDativedative of indirect object (with μόνον Ἰουδαίοις)
λαλοῦντεςspeakingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λαλέωcircumstantial participle (manner/accompaniment)λαλέω: 'speak'; missionary proclamation.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'the word' = the gospel message.
εἰifconditional particle (εἰ μή = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except, unless')
μόνονonlyadverb of restriction
Ἰουδαίοιςto JewsDativedative of indirect object (the exception)Ἰουδαῖος: 'Jew'; the initial limitation of the mission — they were still following the 'Israel-first' pattern.
20

ἦσαν δέ τινες ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρες Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι, οἵτινες ἐλθόντες εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν ἐλάλουν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν.

But there were some of them, men from Cyprus and Cyrene, who on coming to Antioch spoke also to the Greeks, proclaiming the Lord Jesus.

Contrast / innovation (the δέ of v.20 vs. μέν of v.19)δέThe δέ contrasts sharply with the μέν of v.19: some of the scattered believers innovated. Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι (Cypriots and Cyreneans) are Diaspora Jews who were perhaps less bound by Palestinian purity conventions. The textual variant Ἕλληνας ('Greeks') vs. Ἑλληνιστάς ('Greek-speaking Jews') is the chapter's primary text-critical crux: most scholars prefer Ἕλληνας (Gentiles) as the harder reading, explaining why this was a breakthrough moment. The imperfect ἐλάλουν marks sustained missionary activity.
ἦσανthere wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ progressive imperfectεἰμί: copula; the imperfect ἦσαν introduces the new group.
δέbutadversative conjunction (μέν … δέ contrast with v.19)
τινεςsomeNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject)
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitivepartitive genitive
ἄνδρεςmenNominativepredicate nominative / appositiveἀνήρ: 'man'; identifies the subset.
ΚύπριοιCypriotsNominativepredicate nominative (ethnic identification)Κύπριος: 'from Cyprus'; Barnabas was also a Cypriot (4:36); the Cypriot-Cyrenean partnership recurs at 13:1.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΚυρηναῖοιCyreneansNominativepredicate nominative (ethnic identification)Κυρηναῖος: 'from Cyrene' (N. Africa); a Simon of Cyrene carried Jesus' cross (Lk 23:26); the Cyrenean synagogue appears in Acts 6:9.
οἵτινεςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (qualitative: 'the sort who')ὅστις: qualitative relative ('who, being the kind that'); stronger than simple ὅς.
ἐλθόντεςcomingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἔρχομαιtemporal/attendant circumstance participle
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ἈντιόχειανAntiochAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)Ἀντιόχεια: Antioch on the Orontes.
ἐλάλουνwere speakingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λαλέωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (sustained mission activity)λαλέω: 'speak'; the imperfect marks an ongoing ministry, not a one-off event.
καὶalsoadjunctive particle (contrast with v.19's Jews-only)
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (directional — speaking toward/to)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἝλληναςGreeksAccusativeobject of πρός (the addressees)Ἕλλην: 'Greek, Gentile'; the text-critically contested reading (vs. Ἑλληνιστάς). If original, this is the first explicit account of preaching to ethnic Gentiles outside Caesarea — the theological watershed of Acts 11.
εὐαγγελιζόμενοιproclaiming the good newsPres Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · εὐαγγελίζωcircumstantial participle (manner/means of the speaking)εὐαγγελίζω: 'proclaim the good news'; the technical mission term in Luke-Acts.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κύριονLordAccusativedirect objectκύριος: 'Lord'; the content of the proclamation is 'the Lord Jesus' — a confessional formula.
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeapposition to κύριονἸησοῦς: the name; 'Lord Jesus' is a tight christological formula.
21

καὶ ἦν χεὶρ κυρίου μετ᾿ αὐτῶν, πολύς τε ἀριθμὸς ὁ πιστεύσας ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον.

And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number who believed turned to the Lord.

Divine endorsement and resultκαίThe two clauses are linked by καί and τε respectively. The phrase χεὶρ κυρίου ('hand of the Lord') is an OT idiom (Exod 9:3; 1 Sam 5:9; Ezek 1:3 LXX) for divine power and presence — here endorsing the Antioch mission. The construction πολύς … ὁ πιστεύσας ἐπέστρεψεν is notable: the aorist participle πιστεύσας ('having believed') and the main verb ἐπέστρεψεν ('turned') describe conversion as a unified event — believing and turning are simultaneous.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing divine presence)εἰμί: the imperfect ἦν expresses the continuous divine accompaniment.
χεὶρhandNominativesubjectχείρ: 'hand'; the idiomatic 'hand of the Lord' = divine power at work (OT: Exod 9:3; Isa 59:1; Ezek 1:3 etc.).
κυρίουof the LordGenitivegenitive of possession/sourceκύριος: 'Lord'; here probably the risen Jesus (as in 2:36), though the idiom is OT-Yahweh.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of μετά (those with whom God was present)
πολύςgreatNominativeattributive adjective (predicate position: fronted for emphasis)πολύς: 'many, great'; fronted for emphasis — the scale of the response.
τεandenclitic connective particle (closely linking the two clauses)τε: a tighter connective than καί; often Lukan-Acts style.
ἀριθμὸςnumberNominativesubjectἀριθμός: 'number'; πολὺς ἀριθμός = 'a large number'; Acts favors this summative formula (2:41; 4:4; 5:14; 6:7).
the oneNominativearticle (substantival with participle)
πιστεύσαςhaving believedAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · πιστεύωattributive participle (modifying ἀριθμός — 'those who believed')πιστεύω: 'believe, trust'; the aorist marks the decisive act of faith.
ἐπέστρεψενturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιστρέφω: 'turn, return, convert'; in Acts this is the conversion term (3:19; 9:35; 14:15; 15:19; 26:18, 20); ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον = 'turn to the Lord' is the conversion formula.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction of turning)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κύριονLordAccusativeobject of ἐπί (the goal of conversion)κύριος: the Lord Jesus — the object of faith and conversion.
22

Ἠκούσθη δὲ ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς οὔσης ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ περὶ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλαν Βαρναβᾶν διελθεῖν ἕως Ἀντιοχείας·

The report about them reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to travel as far as Antioch.

Jerusalem's institutional responseδέThe Jerusalem church hears the news (ἠκούσθη, divine passive — the report reached them, implying its own momentum) and responds institutionally by sending Barnabas. The idiom 'reached the ears' (εἰς τὰ ὦτα) is an OT-influenced expression (cf. Isa 5:9 LXX; Lk 1:44; Acts 7:57). Barnabas is the ideal emissary: a Cypriot Levite (4:36), a man of encouragement, respected in both Jerusalem and the Diaspora.
Ἠκούσθηwas heardAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aorist (divine passive)ἀκούω (pass.): 'be heard, come to the ears of'; the passive may imply that the report spread naturally, providentially.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
theNominativearticle
λόγοςreportNominativesubjectλόγος: 'word, report'; here the news about the Antioch mission.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional — idiom: 'reached the ears of')
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ὦταearsAccusativeobject of εἰς (idiom: ὦτα = hearing, reception)οὖς: 'ear'; εἰς τὰ ὦτα = 'to the ears of, reached/came to the hearing of' (OT idiom).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ἐκκλησίαςchurchGenitivegenitive of possession (whose ears)ἐκκλησία: 'assembly, church'; the Jerusalem mother church whose validation of the Antioch mission is now explicit.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with participle)
οὔσηςbeingPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Fem · εἰμίattributive participle (locating the church)εἰμί: 'be'; with ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ = 'the church that is in Jerusalem.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
ἹερουσαλὴμJerusalemDativeobject of ἐν (location)Ἱερουσαλήμ: Semitic (Hebraic) form of Jerusalem; both forms appear in Luke-Acts.
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (concerning)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of περί (the Antioch believers)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξαπέστειλανsentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐξαποστέλλω: 'send out officially'; the ἐκ- prefix intensifies the official commissioning; cf. Lk 20:10, 11; Acts 7:12; 12:11; 13:26; Gal 4:4.
ΒαρναβᾶνBarnabasAccusativedirect objectΒαρναβᾶς: 'Son of Encouragement' (4:36); Levite from Cyprus, trusted bridge-figure between Jerusalem and the Diaspora.
διελθεῖνto travelAor Act Inf · διέρχομαιpurpose infinitive→ constative aorist infinitiveδιέρχομαι: 'travel through, go as far as.'
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent of travel)
ἈντιοχείαςAntiochGenitivegenitive of extentἈντιόχεια: Antioch on the Orontes, the destination of the mission.
23

ὃς παραγενόμενος καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐχάρη καὶ παρεκάλει πάντας τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας προσμένειν τῷ κυρίῳ·

who on arriving and seeing the grace of God rejoiced, and was exhorting all of them to remain with the Lord with steadfast purpose of heart;

Barnabas' ministry at AntiochasyndetonThe relative pronoun ὅς continues seamlessly from v.22. The two aorist participles (παραγενόμενος, ἰδών) are attendant circumstance: he arrived and saw. The aorist ἐχάρη ('rejoiced') is constative — Barnabas' response is genuinely joyful recognition of grace. The imperfect παρεκάλει ('was exhorting') marks ongoing pastoral ministry. The phrase τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας ('with purpose/resolve of heart') is a dative of manner/instrument.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject, antecedent = Βαρναβᾶν)
παραγενόμενοςarrivingAor Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · παραγίνομαιtemporal attendant circumstance participleπαραγίνομαι: 'arrive, come on the scene'; standard arrival verb in Acts (13:14; 14:27; 15:4; 17:10; 18:27).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωattendant circumstance participleὁράω: 'see, perceive'; Barnabas saw the grace of God with discernment.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
χάρινgraceAccusativedirect objectχάρις: 'grace, favor'; τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ = the visible evidence of God's gracious work in the new community.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of sourceθεός: God as the origin of the grace being seen.
ἐχάρηrejoicedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · χαίρωmain verb→ constative aoristχαίρω: 'rejoice'; the aorist passive (deponent) is constative — his joy at the evidence of grace.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρεκάλειwas exhortingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · παρακαλέωmain verb→ progressive imperfect (ongoing pastoral ministry)παρακαλέω: 'exhort, encourage, console'; the παρα- prefix means 'alongside'; Barnabas (='son of παράκλησις') does exactly what his name means.
πάνταςallAccusativedirect object (all the believers)πᾶς: 'all'; comprehensive scope of his ministry.
τῇwithDativearticle (dative of manner)
προθέσειpurposeDativedative of mannerπρόθεσις: 'purpose, resolve, setting before'; here the deliberate intention of heart; cf. 2 Tim 3:10; Rom 8:28 (God's πρόθεσις); here the human counterpart.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive of source (whence the purpose comes)καρδία: 'heart'; in NT usage the center of will, intention, and affection.
προσμένεινto remainPres Act Inf · προσμένωcomplementary infinitive (content of παρεκάλει)→ present infinitive (continuing state)προσμένω: 'remain with, continue with, hold fast to'; the πρός- prefix adds the idea of continued attachment; cf. 1 Tim 1:3; 5:5.
τῷtheDativearticle
κυρίῳLordDativedative of association (remain with/to the Lord)κύριος: the Lord Jesus; the goal of persistent discipleship.
24

ὅτι ἦν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ πλήρης πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ πίστεως. καὶ προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς τῷ κυρίῳ.

for he was a good man and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a considerable crowd was added to the Lord.

Explanation (why Barnabas was effective) + growth summaryὅτιThe ὅτι clause gives the reason for Barnabas' effectiveness — his personal character. The triple predicate (ἀγαθὸς καὶ πλήρης πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ πίστεως) closely parallels the characterization of Stephen (6:5). The growth summary (προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς) is a Lukan summaries-of-growth formula (cf. 2:41; 5:14; 6:7), here the divine passive marking God as the one who adds.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ progressive imperfect (character description)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect characterizes Barnabas' standing nature.
ἀνὴρmanNominativepredicate nominativeἀνήρ: 'man'; a characterization formula (cf. 6:5 of Stephen: ἄνδρα πλήρη πίστεως).
ἀγαθὸςgoodNominativepredicate adjectiveἀγαθός: 'good, morally upright'; the basic moral character term — cf. Lk 18:19; Rom 5:7.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πλήρηςfullNominativepredicate adjective (with genitive of content)πλήρης: 'full, filled'; + genitive = 'full of'; the standard characterization for Spirit-filled leaders in Acts (6:3, 5; 7:55; 11:24; 13:52).
πνεύματοςof the SpiritGenitivegenitive of content (with πλήρης)πνεῦμα: the Holy Spirit.
ἁγίουHolyGenitiveattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; πνεύματος ἁγίου anarthrous = 'Holy Spirit' (as a type/quality).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πίστεωςof faithGenitivegenitive of content (second object of πλήρης)πίστις: 'faith, faithfulness'; here likely subjective trust/faithfulness as a character quality.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσετέθηwas addedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (growth summary)→ constative aorist (divine passive)προστίθημι: 'add, put with'; divine passive — God adds believers (2:41, 47; 5:14; 11:24); the initiative belongs to God.
ὄχλοςcrowdNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude'; here ὄχλος ἱκανός = 'a considerable/substantial crowd' — a Lukan idiom for large numbers.
ἱκανὸςconsiderableNominativeattributive adjectiveἱκανός: 'sufficient, considerable, worthy'; in Acts a common quantifier: 8:11; 9:23, 43; 11:24; 14:3, 21; 18:18; 19:19; 20:11; 27:9.
τῷto theDativearticle
κυρίῳLordDativedative of advantage/association (added to the Lord)κύριος: the Lord; the community expands as people are joined to Christ.
25

Ἐξῆλθεν δὲ εἰς Ταρσὸν ἀναζητῆσαι Σαῦλον,

And he went out to Tarsus to look for Saul,

Barnabas recruits SaulδέThe short verse marks a decisive new development: Barnabas leaves Antioch for Tarsus to find Saul, whom he had earlier vouched for to the Jerusalem apostles (9:27). The verb ἀναζητῆσαι ('to look for') implies search or effort — Saul was not in an obvious place or easy to find. This is the reunion that will launch the Pauline mission; Luke narrates it with characteristic economy.
Ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out, depart'; Barnabas leaves Antioch to find Saul.
δέandcontinuative conjunction
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ΤαρσὸνTarsusAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)Ταρσός: Tarsus in Cilicia, Paul's home city (Acts 9:11, 30; 21:39; 22:3); a major Hellenistic city on the Cydnus river.
ἀναζητῆσαιto look forAor Act Inf · ἀναζητέωpurpose infinitive→ constative aorist infinitiveἀναζητέω: 'search for, seek earnestly'; the ἀνα- prefix intensifies the search; only here and Lk 2:44, 45 in the NT — both with connotations of earnest seeking.
ΣαῦλονSaulAccusativedirect objectΣαῦλος: Saul (the Semitic name of Paul); sent to Tarsus after his Jerusalem visit (Acts 9:30) and apparently not in contact since.
26

καὶ εὑρὼν ἤγαγεν εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν. ἐγένετο δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ὅλον συναχθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ διδάξαι ὄχλον ἱκανόν, χρηματίσαι τε πρώτως ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοὺς μαθητὰς Χριστιανούς.

and having found him brought him to Antioch. And for a whole year they met with the church and taught a considerable crowd, and in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians.

Barnabas and Saul at Antioch; the name 'Christians'καίThe verse has two parts: the narrative of the year-long joint ministry (26a) and the famous note about the name 'Christians' (26b). The verb χρηματίσαι (used of an official designation or a divine pronouncement; cf. Mt 2:12; Lk 2:26; Rom 7:3; Heb 8:5; 11:7) here means 'be publicly designated/called' — probably by outsiders. Χριστιανοί is a Latin-formation gentilicial (like Ἡρωδιανοί, Καισαριανοί) suggesting Roman administrative or popular coinage, not a self-designation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὑρὼνhaving foundAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · εὑρίσκωattendant circumstance participleεὑρίσκω: 'find, discover'; the aorist suggests successful completion of the search.
ἤγαγενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω: 'lead, bring'; Barnabas personally brings Saul to Antioch — a decisive act of mentorship and partnership.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ἈντιόχειανAntiochAccusativeobject of εἰς
ἐγένετοit came aboutAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (Semitic ἐγένετο + infinitive construction)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, come about'; ἐγένετο + infinitive is a Lukan periphrasis (cf. Lk 1:8; 2:1; Acts 4:5; 9:32, 37, 43).
δέandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage (dative of reference with ἐγένετο)
καὶalsoadjunctive particle
ἐνιαυτὸνyearAccusativeaccusative of time (duration)ἐνιαυτός: 'year'; ἐνιαυτὸν ὅλον = 'a whole year' — an unusually specific time marker in Acts.
ὅλονwholeAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, entire'; emphasizes the sustained commitment.
συναχθῆναιto meetAor Pass Inf · συνάγωinfinitive (subject of ἐγένετο construction)→ constative aorist infinitiveσυνάγω: 'gather together'; the aorist passive = 'to be gathered, to meet'; for a whole year they were assembling.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (location/association)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἐκκλησίᾳchurchDativeobject of ἐνἐκκλησία: 'assembly, church'; meeting with the Antioch congregation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διδάξαιto teachAor Act Inf · διδάσκωconjoined infinitive (with συναχθῆναι, second component of ἐγένετο)→ constative aorist infinitiveδιδάσκω: 'teach'; the systematic instruction Barnabas and Saul gave; teaching is a central Lukan value (cf. 5:42; 20:20).
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativedirect objectὄχλος: 'crowd'; again ὄχλον ἱκανόν = 'a considerable crowd' (cf. v.24).
ἱκανόνconsiderableAccusativeattributive adjectiveἱκανός: 'considerable, substantial'; repeated from v.24.
χρηματίσαιto be calledAor Act Inf · χρηματίζωinfinitive (third component with τε; content of the ἐγένετο clause)→ constative aorist infinitiveχρηματίζω: 'be called/named (officially), receive a designation'; rare in this sense (elsewhere: divine oracles, official titles); cf. Rom 7:3; the sense is 'receive the official/public designation.'
τεandconnective particle (closely linking χρηματίσαι to the preceding infinitives)τε: tight connective; marks the naming as the climactic outcome of the Antioch year.
πρώτωςfirsttemporal adverb (for the first time)πρώτως: 'for the first time'; a NT hapax legomenon; underscores that this is a new development.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
ἈντιοχείᾳAntiochDativeobject of ἐν (location of the naming)Ἀντιόχεια: Antioch; the city where the new name originated.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativesubject accusative of infinitive χρηματίσαιμαθητής: 'disciple, learner'; the standard term for believers in Acts (cf. 6:1, 2, 7; 9:1, 10, 19, 26, 36, 38; 11:26, 29; 14:20, 22, 28; 15:10; 16:1; 18:23, 27; 19:1, 9; 20:1, 7, 30; 21:4, 16).
ΧριστιανούςChristiansAccusativeobject complement (the name given)Χριστιανός: 'Christian'; a Latin-style formation on Χριστός (as Καισαριανός from Καῖσαρ, Ἡρωδιανός from Ἡρώδης); probably coined by Roman officials or the general populace in Antioch. Used in NT only here, 26:28, and 1 Pet 4:16.
27

Ἐν δὲ ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις κατῆλθον ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων προφῆται εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν.

Now in these days prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch.

Scene transition / new episode (the Agabus prophecy)δέThe phrase ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις ('in these days') is a Lukan temporal formula (Lk 1:39; 2:1; 6:12; Acts 1:15; 6:1) that places the following events within the Antioch year. The movement of prophets from Jerusalem to Antioch reverses the usual direction of influence and shows the growing interdependence of the two communities.
ἘνInpreposition + dative (temporal)
δέnowcontinuative / transitional conjunction
ταύταιςtheseDativedemonstrative adjective (attributive position)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativeobject of ἐν (temporal dative)ἡμέρα: 'day'; ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις is a Lukan formulaic time marker.
κατῆλθονcame downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristκατέρχομαι: 'come down'; Jerusalem is at higher elevation; the opposite of ἀναβαίνω used for going to Jerusalem (v.2).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἹεροσολύμωνJerusalemGenitivegenitive of sourceἹεροσόλυμα: Jerusalem; the Hellenized Greek form.
προφῆταιprophetsNominativesubjectπροφήτης: 'prophet'; Christian prophets are an established office in Acts (13:1; 15:32; 21:9–10); Agabus is one of them.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (directional)
ἈντιόχειανAntiochAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination)Ἀντιόχεια: the destination of the prophets' travel.
28

ἀναστὰς δὲ εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος ἐσήμανεν διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος λιμὸν μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ᾿ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην· ἥτις ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου.

And one of them named Agabus stood up and foretold through the Spirit that there would be a great famine over all the inhabited world — which took place in the days of Claudius.

The prophetic oracle of AgabusδέAgabus (introduced here; reappears in 21:10–11) stands as a new Agabus-figure parallel to OT prophets who pronounced famine oracles (cf. 1 Kgs 17; 2 Kgs 6–7). The verb ἐσήμανεν ('signified, indicated') is the same word used for prophetic or visionary signaling in Rev 1:1; Jn 12:33; Acts 25:27. The phrase ἐφ᾿ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην ('over all the inhabited earth') may be hyperbolic or Roman-provincial in scope. The historical note 'which took place under Claudius' (ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου, accession AD 41, reign 41–54) is the only synchronism in Acts with a datable external source; Josephus (Ant. 20.51–53, 101) and Suetonius confirm severe famines in this period, particularly in Judea c. AD 46–48.
ἀναστὰςstanding upAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle (formal prophetic posture)ἀνίστημι: 'stand up, rise'; rising to speak is the formal posture of prophetic or teaching address in Acts (1:15; 5:34; 13:16; 15:7).
δέandcontinuative conjunction
εἷςoneNominativesubject (εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν = 'one of them')εἷς: 'one'; numerical pronoun used partitively.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
αὐτῶνthemGenitivepartitive genitive (one of the prophets)
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of manner (ὀνόματι + proper name = 'named')ὄνομα: 'name'; ὀνόματι + proper name is a standard identification formula in Acts (8:9; 9:12; 10:1; 11:28; 16:14; 17:34; 18:2, 7, 24; etc.).
ἍγαβοςAgabusNominativeproper name (in apposition to the dative idiom, nominative of reference)Ἅγαβος: a Jewish-Christian prophet from Jerusalem; reappears in Acts 21:10–11 performing a symbolic-action prophecy about Paul's arrest; the name may be Hebrew (cf. Haggai).
ἐσήμανενforetoldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σημαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristσημαίνω: 'indicate, signify, foretell'; from σῆμα 'sign'; used of prophetic signaling in Jn 12:33; 18:32; 21:19; Acts 25:27; Rev 1:1.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means/agency)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
πνεύματοςSpiritGenitivegenitive of agency (through the Spirit)πνεῦμα: the Holy Spirit as the channel of prophecy; cf. 1 Pet 1:11; 2 Pet 1:21.
λιμὸνfamineAccusativeaccusative subject of indirect statement (with μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι)λιμός: 'famine, hunger'; the predicted calamity; λιμὸν μεγάλην — note the feminine adjective with a grammatically masculine noun, following Attic usage for λιμός; or it may be a variant gender form.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, severe'; intensifies the famine prediction.
μέλλεινto be about toPres Act Inf · μέλλωinfinitive of indirect statement (with ἐσήμανεν)→ futuristic periphrasisμέλλω: 'be about to, intend'; μέλλειν + inf. expresses near-future prediction.
ἔσεσθαιto beFut Mid Inf · εἰμίcomplementary infinitive (future infinitive with μέλλειν)→ predictive futureεἰμί: the future infinitive is rare and emphatic; μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι = 'was going to be/happen.'
ἐφ᾿overpreposition + accusative (extent/coverage)
ὅληνallAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, entire'; ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην = 'the whole inhabited world.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκουμένηνinhabited worldAccusativeobject of ἐπίοἰκουμένη: 'inhabited (world)'; from οἰκέω 'dwell'; the Roman empire or (hyperbolically) the whole world; cf. Lk 2:1; Acts 17:6; 19:27; 24:5.
ἥτιςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (qualitative: referring to the famine)ὅστις: qualitative relative ('which, being the kind that'); the famine was such that it actually came.
ἐγένετοtook placeAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of relative clause→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, come about, occur'; the prophecy was fulfilled.
ἐπὶin the days ofpreposition + genitive (temporal: 'in the reign of')
ΚλαυδίουClaudiusGenitivegenitive of time (under the reign of)Κλαύδιος: Emperor Tiberius Claudius (AD 41–54); the only explicit synchronism between Acts and external Roman chronology; Josephus, Suetonius, and Dio Cassius confirm severe famines under Claudius.
29

τῶν δὲ μαθητῶν καθὼς ηὐπορεῖτό τις, ὥρισαν ἕκαστος αὐτῶν εἰς διακονίαν πέμψαι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἀδελφοῖς·

And each of the disciples, according to his means, determined to send relief to the brothers living in Judea;

Antioch's charitable responseδέThe construction τῶν δὲ μαθητῶν is a genitive absolute-like construction (partitive genitive with ὥρισαν ἕκαστος). The adverb καθὼς ηὐπορεῖτό τις ('as each one was able/had means') is notably egalitarian — proportional giving based on capacity, anticipating Paul's later teaching (2 Cor 8–9). The verb ὥρισαν ('determined, resolved') is the deliberative action; πέμψαι ('to send') is the purpose.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (partitive genitive of reference)
δέandcontinuative conjunction
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitivepartitive genitive (of the disciples — each one of them)μαθητής: the Antioch believers.
καθὼςascomparative/proportional conjunctionκαθώς: 'as, in proportion as.'
ηὐπορεῖτόwas prosperingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · εὐπορέωverb of comparative clause→ progressive imperfect (ongoing financial capacity)εὐπορέω: 'be well off, be able, have means'; from εὖ + πορεύομαι; NT hapax legomenon; 'according as each person had means.'
τιςeach oneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject of ηὐπορεῖτό)τις: 'someone, each one' — here generalizing ('as each was able').
ὥρισανdeterminedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁρίζωmain verb→ constative aoristὁρίζω: 'determine, resolve, appoint'; from ὅρος 'boundary'; the idea of a firm, deliberate decision; cf. Acts 2:23; 10:42; 17:26, 31; Lk 22:22.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativesubject (distributive: each one)ἕκαστος: 'each, every one'; distributive — each individual made their own decision proportionally.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive (each of them)
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/goal)
διακονίανservice/reliefAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal: for relief ministry)διακονία: 'service, ministry, relief'; here specifically relief aid; the same word used for the Jerusalem famine relief in 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 12–13.
πέμψαιto sendAor Act Inf · πέμπωpurpose infinitive (with ὥρισαν)→ constative aorist infinitiveπέμπω: 'send'; simple sending verb (cf. ἀποστέλλω which often implies commissioning).
τοῖςto theDativearticle
κατοικοῦσινlivingPres Act Ptc Dat Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival participle (those living in Judea)κατοικέω: 'inhabit, dwell'; cf. Acts 2:9; 4:16; 7:2, 4; 9:22, 35; 11:29 — the settled residents.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἸουδαίᾳJudeaDativeobject of ἐν (location of the recipients)Ἰουδαία: Judea; the Jerusalem church and surrounding communities.
ἀδελφοῖςbrothersDativedative of indirect object (recipient)ἀδελφός: 'brother'; fellow believers in the Judean churches.
30

ὃ καὶ ἐποίησαν ἀποστείλαντες πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους διὰ χειρὸς Βαρναβᾶ καὶ Σαύλου.

which they also did, sending it to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

Completion of the relief missionThe relative pronoun ὅ ('which') resumes the determined plan of v.29 and confirms its execution. The verse is notable for its mention of πρεσβύτεροι ('elders') in the Jerusalem church — their first appearance in Acts; the Jerusalem leadership structure has moved from the Twelve (ch.1–6) to a college of elders. The phrase διὰ χειρὸς Βαρναβᾶ καὶ Σαύλου ('through the hand of Barnabas and Saul') names the two as official delegates — this is their first joint mission for the Jerusalem church, foreshadowing Acts 13.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (direct object, antecedent = the planned relief of v.29)
καὶindeedadjunctive/emphatic particle
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do, make, perform'; the plan was carried out — the aorist confirms completion.
ἀποστείλαντεςsendingAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀποστέλλωattendant circumstance / means participleἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; the formal dispatch of an official delegation.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (directional — sent to)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersAccusativeobject of πρός (the recipients of the relief)πρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the first appearance of Jerusalem elders in Acts — a governance structure parallel to the Jewish gerusia; by this point the Twelve are apparently not the only leadership body.
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means/agency)
χειρὸςthe handGenitivegenitive with διά (idiom: 'by the hand of' = 'through the agency of')χείρ: 'hand'; διὰ χειρός + gen. = 'through the agency/hand of'; a Hebraism (cf. Exod 9:35 LXX; Acts 7:25; 14:3; 15:23; 19:11).
ΒαρναβᾶBarnabasGenitivegenitive of agent (with διὰ χειρός)Βαρναβᾶς: Barnabas; again named first, reflecting his leadership role at this stage.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΣαύλουSaulGenitivegenitive of agent (conjoined with Βαρναβᾶ)Σαῦλος: Saul/Paul; his first mission as a co-delegate with Barnabas, anticipating the first missionary journey of Acts 13.