Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Luke, Chapter 10ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ Ι′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀνέδειξεν ὁ κύριος ἑτέρους ἑβδομήκοντα [δύο] καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς ἀνὰ δύο [δύο] πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ εἰς πᾶσαν πόλιν καὶ τόπον οὗ ἤμελλεν αὐτὸς ἔρχεσθαι.

Now after these things the Lord appointed seventy-two others and sent them two by two ahead of him into every town and place where he himself was about to come.

Narrative: the commissioning of the seventy(-two)ΜετὰA new mission-scene, parallel to the sending of the Twelve (9:1–6) but broader. The number 'seventy[-two]' is text-critically split (see text_note) and evokes the nations of Gen 10 and the elders of Num 11. The sending 'ahead of his face' marks them as forerunners preparing his arrival.
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)
δὲnowdevelopmental conjunction (narrative progression)
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of Μετὰ (demonstrative)
ἀνέδειξενappointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναδείκνυμιmain verb→ constative aoristἀναδείκνυμι: 'designate, appoint, commission publicly'; a formal, almost official installation.
theNominativearticle
κύριοςLordNominativesubjectκύριος: 'Lord'; Luke's favored narrative title for Jesus, stressing his sovereign authority to commission.
ἑτέρουςothersAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)ἕτερος: 'other(s)'; a further group beyond the Twelve.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyAccusativenumeral modifying ἑτέρουςἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; the count is split in the manuscripts between seventy and seventy-two — see text_note.
[δύο][-two]Accusativenumeral (bracketed; with ἑβδομήκοντα)δύο: the bracketed '[two]' marks the seventy/seventy-two textual division.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (coordinate with ἀνέδειξεν)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send with a commission'; the apostolic verb — they go as authorized envoys.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ἀνὰbydistributive preposition + accusative ('apiece')
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (distributive: 'two by two')ἀνὰ δύο: 'two by two'; pairs for mutual support and valid testimony (Deut 19:15).
[δύο][two]Accusativenumeral (bracketed; reinforcing distributive)The repeated [δύο] in some witnesses intensifies the distributive 'two by two.'
πρὸahead ofpreposition + genitive (spatial)
προσώπουfaceGenitiveobject of πρὸ (Semitic idiom 'before the face')πρόσωπον: 'face'; πρὸ προσώπου = Hebraic 'ahead of, in advance of.'
αὐτοῦof himGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
πόλινtownAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of εἰς (coordinate with πόλιν)τόπος: 'place, locality.'
οὗwhererelative adverb (locative)
ἤμελλενwas about toImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · μέλλωauxiliary verb + infinitive→ imperfect of intentionμέλλω: 'be about to, intend'; frames the mission as preparatory to Jesus' own coming.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (subject of ἔρχεσθαι)
ἔρχεσθαιto comePres Mid Infin · ἔρχομαιcomplementary infinitive→ present (in-progress prospect)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
2

ἔλεγεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς· Ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι· δεήθητε οὖν τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ ὅπως ἐργάτας ἐκβάλῃ εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ.

And he was saying to them: 'The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few; therefore beg the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest.'

Discourse: the harvest sayingδὲAn imperfect of repeated/inceptive instruction introduces the mission charge. The μέν…δέ antithesis sets the vast harvest against the few workers; the remedy is prayer to 'the Lord of the harvest' (God), whose own mission this is.
ἔλεγενhe was sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech frame)→ imperfect (inceptive/customary)λέγω: 'say, speak'; the imperfect introduces the discourse.
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρὸς
theNominativearticle
μὲνon the one handcorrelative particle (μέν … δέ)
θερισμὸςharvestNominativesubjectθερισμός: 'harvest, reaping'; an eschatological image of the ingathering of people.
πολύςplentifulNominativepredicate adjective (verbless clause)πολύς: 'much, great, plentiful.'
οἱtheNominativearticle
δὲbutcorrelative particle (δέ answering μέν)
ἐργάταιworkersNominativesubjectἐργάτης: 'worker, laborer'; the harvest-hands, i.e. the missionaries.
ὀλίγοιfewNominativepredicate adjective (verbless)ὀλίγος: 'few, little.'
δεήθητεbegAor Pass(Dep) Impv 2 Pl · δέομαιimperative (main command)→ ingressive/urgent aorist imperativeδέομαι: 'beg, beseech, pray earnestly'; the workers are won by petition, not recruitment.
οὖνthereforeinferential conjunction
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivegenitive object of δεήθητεκύριος: here God, 'the Lord of the harvest,' to whom the mission belongs.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
θερισμοῦharvestGenitivegenitive of relationship ('Lord of the harvest')
ὅπωςtoconjunction introducing purpose/content clause
ἐργάταςworkersAccusativeobject of ἐκβάλῃ
ἐκβάλῃhe might send outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωsubjunctive in ὅπως clause→ aorist subjunctive (purpose)ἐκβάλλω: lit. 'thrust out'; a vigorous verb — the Lord forcefully drives workers into the field.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θερισμὸνharvestAccusativeobject of εἰς
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
3

ὑπάγετε· ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄρνας ἐν μέσῳ λύκων.

Go; behold, I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves.

Charge: lambs among wolvesasyndetonAsyndeton sharpens the command. The metaphor casts the messengers as defenseless lambs amid predatory wolves — vulnerability is intrinsic to the mission, their safety resting on the Sender.
ὑπάγετεgoPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ὑπάγωimperative (command)→ present imperative (set out)ὑπάγω: 'go, depart.'
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker (interjection)ἰδού: 'behold, look'; fixed deictic particle calling attention.
ἀποστέλλωI send outPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ present (performative)ἀποστέλλω: 'send with a commission'; the present enacts the sending in the speech.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ὡςascomparative particle
ἄρναςlambsAccusativepredicate accusative (comparison)ἀρήν: 'lamb'; emblem of helplessness.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
μέσῳmidstDativeobject of ἐν ('in the midst of')μέσος: 'middle, midst.'
λύκωνof wolvesGenitivepartitive/local genitiveλύκος: 'wolf'; the hostile world.
4

μὴ βαστάζετε βαλλάντιον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ ὑποδήματα, καὶ μηδένα κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἀσπάσησθε.

Carry no purse, no bag, no sandals; and greet no one along the road.

Charge: travel light and undistractedasyndetonA triple prohibition strips the messengers of provision, casting them on hospitality; the ban on roadside greetings stresses the urgency of the errand (cf. 2 Kgs 4:29), not rudeness.
μὴnotnegative with imperative
βαστάζετεcarryPres Act Impv 2 Pl · βαστάζωprohibition (present imperative)→ present imperative (do not habitually carry)βαστάζω: 'carry, bear.'
βαλλάντιονpurseAccusativedirect objectβαλλάντιον: 'money-bag, purse.'
μὴnonegative (elliptical)
πήρανbagAccusativedirect object (ellipsis of verb)πήρα: 'knapsack, traveler's bag.'
μὴnonegative (elliptical)
ὑποδήματαsandalsAccusativedirect object (ellipsis)ὑπόδημα: 'sandal'; i.e. no spare pair.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μηδέναno oneAccusativedirect object (negative pronoun)
κατὰalongpreposition + accusative (extension)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὁδὸνroadAccusativeobject of κατὰὁδός: 'way, road.'
ἀσπάσησθεgreetAor Mid Subj 2 Pl · ἀσπάζομαιprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor. subj.)→ aorist subjunctive prohibitionἀσπάζομαι: 'greet, salute'; elaborate Eastern greetings would delay the urgent mission.
5

εἰς ἣν δ’ ἂν εἰσέλθητε οἰκίαν, πρῶτον λέγετε· Εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ.

And into whatever house you enter, first say, 'Peace to this house.'

Charge: the greeting of peaceδ’A conditional-relative clause governs hospitality. The Semitic peace-greeting (šālôm) is not a wish but a bestowal of eschatological well-being that, in v.6, takes effect or returns.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἣνwhateverAccusativerelative adjective (with οἰκίαν)
δ’anddevelopmental conjunction (elided δέ)
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefinite relative)
εἰσέλθητεyou enterAor Act Subj 2 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go in, enter.'
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰς (antecedent drawn into rel. clause)οἰκία: 'house, household.'
πρῶτονfirstadverb (temporal)πρῶτον: 'first(ly).'
λέγετεsayPres Act Impv 2 Pl · λέγωimperative (command)→ present imperative (customary)λέγω: 'say.'
ΕἰρήνηpeaceNominativenominative (greeting formula)εἰρήνη: 'peace'; Hebrew šālôm — wholeness, salvation.
τῷto theDativearticle
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of recipient/advantageοἶκος: 'house(hold).'
τούτῳthisDativeattributive demonstrative
6

καὶ ἐὰν ᾖ ἐκεῖ υἱὸς εἰρήνης, ἐπαναπαήσεται ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν· εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἀνακάμψει.

And if a son of peace is there, your peace will rest upon him; but if not, it will return to you.

Charge: the son of peaceκαὶA conditional pair. 'Son of peace' is a Semitism for one whose character fits the gift. The peace is treated almost as a tangible thing that either lodges or boomerangs back to the messenger.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)
there isPres Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of protasis→ present subjunctive (3rd-class condition)εἰμί: 'be, exist.'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place
υἱὸςsonNominativesubjectυἱός: 'son'; here in the Semitic idiom 'son of X' = one characterized by X.
εἰρήνηςof peaceGenitivegenitive of quality (Hebraism)εἰρήνη: 'peace.'
ἐπαναπαήσεταιwill restFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐπαναπαύομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ future (predictive)ἐπαναπαύομαι: 'rest upon, settle on'; the peace abides.
ἐπ’uponpreposition + accusative (motion-to-rest)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of ἐπ’
theNominativearticle
εἰρήνηpeaceNominativesubject of ἐπαναπαήσεται
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰifconditional conjunction
δὲbutadversative conjunction
μήnotnegative (in elliptical εἰ δὲ μή γε)
γεat allemphatic particle ('but if not indeed')γε: emphatic enclitic; εἰ δὲ μή γε = 'otherwise.'
ἐφ’topreposition + accusative
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of ἐφ’
ἀνακάμψειit will returnFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνακάμπτωmain verb (apodosis)→ future (predictive)ἀνακάμπτω: 'turn back, return.'
7

ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ μένετε, ἐσθίοντες καὶ πίνοντες τὰ παρ’ αὐτῶν· ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ. μὴ μεταβαίνετε ἐξ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν.

And stay in that same house, eating and drinking what they provide, for the worker is worthy of his wage. Do not move from house to house.

Charge: stay and eat, the worker's wageδὲSettled hospitality, not house-hopping for better fare. The proverb 'the worker is worthy of his wage' (cited in 1 Tim 5:18) grounds the missionary's right to support.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
αὐτῇsameDativeintensive/identical adjective ('that same')
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
τῇtheDativearticle
οἰκίᾳhouseDativeobject of ἐνοἰκία: 'house.'
μένετεstayPres Act Impv 2 Pl · μένωimperative (command)→ present imperative (remain)μένω: 'remain, stay, abide.'
ἐσθίοντεςeatingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐσθίωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ present participle (ongoing)ἐσθίω: 'eat.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πίνοντεςdrinkingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πίνωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ present participle (ongoing)πίνω: 'drink.'
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantival article (object)
παρ’frompreposition + genitive (source)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of παρ’ ('what is provided by them')
ἄξιοςworthyNominativepredicate adjective (verbless)ἄξιος: 'worthy, deserving.'
γὰρforcausal conjunction (grounds the eating)
theNominativearticle
ἐργάτηςworkerNominativesubject (proverb)ἐργάτης: 'worker, laborer.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
μισθοῦwageGenitivegenitive complement of ἄξιοςμισθός: 'wages, pay, reward.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
μὴnotnegative with imperative
μεταβαίνετεmovePres Act Impv 2 Pl · μεταβαίνωprohibition (present imperative)→ present imperative prohibition (stop/do not)μεταβαίνω: 'move from one place to another, transfer.'
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)
οἰκίαςhouseGenitiveobject of ἐξ
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰς
8

καὶ εἰς ἣν ἂν πόλιν εἰσέρχησθε καὶ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς, ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα ὑμῖν,

And into whatever town you enter and they receive you, eat what is set before you,

Charge: eating in a receptive townκαὶThe hospitality rule extended from house to town; eating 'what is set before you' implies freedom from food scruples in the mission setting (cf. 1 Cor 10:27).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἣνwhateverAccusativerelative adjective (with πόλιν)
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefinite relative)
πόλινtownAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town.'
εἰσέρχησθεyou enterPres Mid Subj 2 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ present subjunctive (indefinite)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δέχωνταιthey receivePres Mid Subj 3 Pl · δέχομαιsubjunctive (coordinate condition)→ present subjunctive (indefinite)δέχομαι: 'receive, welcome'; the verb of acceptance answered by rejection in v.10.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἐσθίετεeatPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐσθίωimperative (apodosis)→ present imperativeἐσθίω: 'eat.'
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantival article (object)
παρατιθέμεναset beforePres Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · παρατίθημιattributive participle (with τὰ)→ present passive participle (ongoing)παρατίθημι: 'set before, serve'; the food placed on the table.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of recipient
9

καὶ θεραπεύετε τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ ἀσθενεῖς, καὶ λέγετε αὐτοῖς· Ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.

and heal the sick in it, and say to them, 'The kingdom of God has drawn near to you.'

Charge: heal and announce the kingdomκαὶThe mission's twofold content: healing (the kingdom's power displayed) and proclamation (the kingdom's nearness announced). 'Has drawn near' (perfect) means it has arrived at the threshold in Jesus' envoys.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θεραπεύετεhealPres Act Impv 2 Pl · θεραπεύωimperative (command)→ present imperativeθεραπεύω: 'heal, cure.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν (the town)
ἀσθενεῖςsickAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)ἀσθενής: 'weak, sick, infirm.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγετεsayPres Act Impv 2 Pl · λέγωimperative (command)→ present imperativeλέγω: 'say, proclaim.'
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
Ἤγγικενhas drawn nearPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγίζωmain verb (announcement)→ perfect (consummative: arrived state)ἐγγίζω: 'draw near, approach'; the perfect signals the kingdom's nearness as an achieved fact present in the mission.
ἐφ’topreposition + accusative ('upon, to')
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of ἐφ’
theNominativearticle
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubjectβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; God's saving rule.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (subjective/possessive)θεός: 'God.'
10

εἰς ἣν δ’ ἂν πόλιν εἰσέλθητε καὶ μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς, ἐξελθόντες εἰς τὰς πλατείας αὐτῆς εἴπατε·

But into whatever town you enter and they do not receive you, going out into its streets say,

Charge: the rejecting townδ’The negative counterpart of v.8. A public, demonstrative act in the streets sets up the dust-wiping verdict of v.11.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἣνwhateverAccusativerelative adjective (with πόλιν)
δ’butadversative conjunction (elided δέ)
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefinite relative)
πόλινtownAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλις: 'city, town.'
εἰσέλθητεyou enterAor Act Subj 2 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative with subjunctive
δέχωνταιthey receivePres Mid Subj 3 Pl · δέχομαιsubjunctive (coordinate condition)→ present subjunctive (indefinite)δέχομαι: 'receive, welcome.'
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἐξελθόντεςgoing outAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
πλατείαςstreetsAccusativeobject of εἰςπλατεῖα: 'wide street, public square'; a place of open witness.
αὐτῆςof itGenitivepossessive genitive (the town's)
εἴπατεsayAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λέγωimperative (command)→ aorist imperativeλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
11

Καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν· πλὴν τοῦτο γινώσκετε ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.

'Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you; nevertheless know this: the kingdom of God has drawn near.'

Charge: wiping off the dustΚαὶA prophetic sign-act: shaking off even the local dust (cf. Acts 13:51) declares the town disowned. Yet the kingdom's nearness still stands as testimony and judgment — the announcement is the same, the response opposite.
Καὶevenascensive conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κονιορτὸνdustAccusativedirect objectκονιορτός: 'dust, dirt.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with participle)
κολληθένταthat clingsAor Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · κολλάωattributive participle (with κονιορτὸν)→ aorist passive participleκολλάω: 'glue, join, cling.'
ἡμῖνto usDativedative (of disadvantage/reference)
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
πόλεωςtownGenitiveobject of ἐκ
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰςonpreposition + accusative ('onto')
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobject of εἰςπούς: 'foot.'
ἀπομασσόμεθαwe wipe offPres Mid Indic 1 Pl · ἀπομάσσωmain verb (sign-act)→ present (performative)ἀπομάσσω: 'wipe off'; a symbolic disavowal.
ὑμῖνagainst youDativedative of disadvantage
πλὴνneverthelessadversative/restrictive adverbπλήν: 'nevertheless, only, yet.'
τοῦτοthisAccusativedirect object (proleptic of ὅτι clause)
γινώσκετεknowPres Act Impv 2 Pl · γινώσκωimperative→ present imperativeγινώσκω: 'know.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
ἤγγικενhas drawn nearPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγίζωverb of content clause→ perfect (arrived state)ἐγγίζω: 'draw near'; same announcement as v.9, now as warning.
theNominativearticle
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubject
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (subjective/possessive)
12

λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι Σοδόμοις ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἢ τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ.

I tell you that it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town.

Pronouncement: Sodom more bearableasyndetonSolemn 'I tell you' formula. The proverbial wickedness of Sodom (Gen 19) is outdone by a town that spurns the kingdom's heralds — light rejected incurs heavier judgment than ignorance.
λέγωI tellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (solemn formula)→ present (performative)λέγω: 'say, tell'; λέγω ὑμῖν introduces an authoritative pronouncement.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
Σοδόμοιςfor SodomDativedative of reference/advantageΣόδομα: Sodom; the archetype of judged wickedness (Gen 19).
ἐνonpreposition + dative (time)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἡμέρᾳdayDativeobject of ἐνἡμέρα: 'day'; 'that day' = the day of judgment.
ἐκείνῃthatDativeattributive demonstrative
ἀνεκτότερονmore bearableNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)ἀνεκτός: 'bearable, tolerable'; comparative ἀνεκτότερον.
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive)→ futureεἰμί: 'be.'
thancomparative particle
τῇfor theDativearticle
πόλειtownDativedative of reference (comparison)
ἐκείνῃthatDativeattributive demonstrative
13

Οὐαί σοι, Χοραζίν· οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά· ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καθήμενοι μετενόησαν.

Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would long ago have repented, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

Woe: Chorazin and BethsaidaasyndetonA prophetic woe-oracle. The Galilean towns that saw Jesus' miracles are measured against the proverbially pagan Tyre and Sidon (cf. Isa 23; Ezek 26–28), who would have repented — a contrary-to-fact condition exposing Israel's harder unbelief.
Οὐαίwoeinterjection of lament/judgmentοὐαί: 'woe!'; prophetic cry of doom.
σοιto youDativedative of disadvantage
ΧοραζίνChorazinVocativevocative of address (place personified)Χοραζίν: a Galilean town near Capernaum.
οὐαίwoeinterjection (repeated)
σοιto youDativedative of disadvantage
ΒηθσαϊδάBethsaidaVocativevocative of address (place personified)Βηθσαϊδά: town on the Sea of Galilee.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
εἰifconditional conjunction (2nd-class, contrary to fact)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ΤύρῳTyreDativeobject of ἐνΤύρος: Phoenician coastal city, type of pagan pride (Ezek 28).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΣιδῶνιSidonDativeobject of ἐνΣιδών: Phoenician city paired with Tyre.
ἐγενήθησανhad been doneAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιverb of protasis→ aorist (contrary-to-fact)γίνομαι: 'happen, be done.'
αἱtheNominativearticle
δυνάμειςmighty worksNominativesubjectδύναμις: 'power, mighty work, miracle.'
αἱtheNominativearticle (with participle)
γενόμεναιdoneAor Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Fem · γίνομαιattributive participle (with δυνάμεις)→ aorist participleγίνομαι: 'happen, occur.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν
πάλαιlong agoadverb of timeπάλαι: 'long ago, of old.'
ἂνwouldmodal particle (apodosis of contrary-to-fact)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/state)
σάκκῳsackclothDativeobject of ἐνσάκκος: 'sackcloth'; mourning/penitential garb.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σποδῷashesDativeobject of ἐνσποδός: 'ashes'; sign of repentance (Jonah 3:6).
καθήμενοιsittingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κάθημαιparticiple of manner→ present participle (attendant state)κάθημαι: 'sit.'
μετενόησανthey would have repentedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · μετανοέωmain verb (apodosis)→ aorist (contrary-to-fact)μετανοέω: 'repent, change one's mind.'
14

πλὴν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἐν τῇ κρίσει ἢ ὑμῖν.

Nevertheless it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you.

Woe: the verdict on Tyre and SidonπλὴνThe verdict drawn from v.13: the pagan cities will fare better than the privileged-yet-impenitent Galilean towns.
πλὴνneverthelessrestrictive/adversative adverbπλήν: 'nevertheless, however.'
Τύρῳfor TyreDativedative of reference/advantage
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΣιδῶνιSidonDativedative of reference
ἀνεκτότερονmore bearableNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)ἀνεκτός: 'bearable'; comparative.
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ futureεἰμί: 'be.'
ἐνatpreposition + dative (time)
τῇtheDativearticle
κρίσειjudgmentDativeobject of ἐνκρίσις: 'judgment, judging.'
thancomparative particle
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of reference (comparison)
15

καὶ σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ; ἕως τοῦ ᾅδου καταβήσῃ.

And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? You will be brought down to Hades.

Woe: Capernaum cast downκαὶCapernaum, Jesus' ministry base, is addressed with an echo of Isaiah 14:13–15 (the taunt over Babylon's king): self-exaltation to heaven answered by descent to Hades. The first clause is a question expecting 'no.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject (address)
ΚαφαρναούμCapernaumVocativevocative of address (place personified)Καφαρναούμ: town on the Sea of Galilee, center of Jesus' Galilean ministry.
μὴsurely notinterrogative negative (expects 'no')
ἕωςtopreposition + genitive (extent)
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἕωςοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky.'
ὑψωθήσῃwill you be exaltedFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · ὑψόωmain verb (rhetorical question)→ future (deliberative/rhetorical)ὑψόω: 'lift up, exalt'; echo of Isa 14:13.
ἕωςtopreposition + genitive (extent)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ᾅδουHadesGenitiveobject of ἕωςᾅδης: Hades, the realm of the dead (Isa 14:15).
καταβήσῃyou will be brought downFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ future (predictive)καταβαίνω: 'go/come down, descend.'
16

Ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν ἐμοῦ ἀκούει, καὶ ὁ ἀθετῶν ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ ἀθετεῖ· ὁ δὲ ἐμὲ ἀθετῶν ἀθετεῖ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με.

The one who hears you hears me, and the one who rejects you rejects me; and the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me.

Principle: receiving the messenger is receiving the SenderasyndetonA chain of representation (the šaliach principle): the messenger represents Jesus, who represents the Father. Reception or rejection of the envoys is reception or rejection of God himself.
the oneNominativearticle (substantival with participle)
ἀκούωνwho hearsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωsubstantival participle (subject)→ present participle (general)ἀκούω: 'hear, heed.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούων (hear someone)
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούει (emphatic)
ἀκούειhearsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ present (gnomic)ἀκούω: 'hear, heed.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
the oneNominativearticle (substantival)
ἀθετῶνwho rejectsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀθετέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ present participle (general)ἀθετέω: 'reject, set aside, nullify.'
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object (emphatic)
ἀθετεῖrejectsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθετέωmain verb→ present (gnomic)ἀθετέω: 'reject.'
the oneNominativearticle (substantival)
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
ἐμὲmeAccusativeobject of ἀθετῶν (fronted, emphatic)
ἀθετῶνwho rejectsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀθετέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ present participle (general)ἀθετέω: 'reject.'
ἀθετεῖrejectsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθετέωmain verb→ present (gnomic)ἀθετέω: 'reject.'
τὸνthe oneAccusativearticle (substantival with participle)
ἀποστείλαντάwho sentAor Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἀποστέλλωsubstantival participle (object)→ aorist participleἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the Father who sent the Son.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἀποστείλαντά
17

Ὑπέστρεψαν δὲ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα [δύο] μετὰ χαρᾶς λέγοντες· Κύριε, καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου.

And the seventy-two returned with joy, saying, 'Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name.'

Narrative: the joyful returnδὲThe mission's success. The number again is split 'seventy[-two]' (see text_note). Their joy centers on authority over demons — exercised 'in your name,' i.e. by Jesus' delegated power.
ὙπέστρεψανreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristὑποστρέφω: 'return, turn back'; a Lukan favorite.
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἑβδομήκονταseventyNominativenumeral (substantival subject)ἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; count split with seventy-two (see text_note).
[δύο][-two]Nominativenumeral (bracketed)δύο: bracketed, marking the seventy/seventy-two division.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
χαρᾶςjoyGenitiveobject of μετὰχαρά: 'joy.'
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (speech)→ present participleλέγω: 'say.'
ΚύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: 'Lord.'
καὶevenascensive conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
δαιμόνιαdemonsNominativesubjectδαιμόνιον: 'demon, evil spirit.'
ὑποτάσσεταιsubmitPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὑποτάσσωmain verb (neut. pl. subject, sg. verb)→ present (customary/iterative)ὑποτάσσω: 'subject, subordinate'; mid./pass. 'be subject, submit.'
ἡμῖνto usDativedative of subordination
ἐνinpreposition + dative (instrument/authority)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματίnameDativeobject of ἐν ('by/in your name')ὄνομα: 'name'; the locus of delegated authority.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
18

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς· Ἐθεώρουν τὸν Σατανᾶν ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα.

And he said to them, 'I was watching Satan fall like lightning from heaven.'

Saying: 'I saw Satan fall'δὲJesus interprets the exorcisms cosmically. The imperfect ἐθεώρουν depicts a vision he beheld — Satan's downfall, dramatized like a lightning-flash — the disciples' authority being a sign of the kingdom's victory already breaking in.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech frame)→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object
ἘθεώρουνI was watchingImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · θεωρέωmain verb (vision report)→ imperfect (vivid/contemplative)θεωρέω: 'behold, observe, watch'; the imperfect renders the vision as unfolding before his eyes.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with proper name)
ΣατανᾶνSatanAccusativedirect object (object of perception)Σατανᾶς: Satan, the adversary; takes a syntactic case, so a declined proper noun.
ὡςlikecomparative particle
ἀστραπὴνlightningAccusativeaccusative of comparisonἀστραπή: 'lightning, flash'; sudden and total fall.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκοὐρανός: 'heaven.'
πεσόνταfallAor Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · πίπτωparticiple of perception (predicate to Σατανᾶν)→ aorist participle (the completed fall)πίπτω: 'fall'; the participle completes 'I saw Satan [as] fallen.'
19

ἰδοὺ δέδωκα ὑμῖν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων, καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, καὶ οὐδὲν ὑμᾶς οὐ μὴ ἀδικήσῃ.

Behold, I have given you the authority to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing will ever harm you.

Saying: authority over the enemyasyndetonThe perfect δέδωκα grants standing authority. 'Serpents and scorpions' (cf. Ps 91:13; Deut 8:15) symbolize hostile spiritual powers; the emphatic double negative οὐ μὴ guarantees their protection.
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-markerἰδού: 'behold.'
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ perfect (gift with abiding result)δίδωμι: 'give'; the perfect stresses the authority now possessed.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect objectἐξουσία: 'authority, power, right.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive)
πατεῖνto treadPres Act Infin · πατέωepexegetical articular infinitive (genitive)→ present infinitive (general)πατέω: 'tread, trample.'
ἐπάνωonimproper preposition + genitive
ὄφεωνserpentsGenitiveobject of ἐπάνωὄφις: 'serpent, snake'; image of hostile power (Ps 91:13).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σκορπίωνscorpionsGenitiveobject of ἐπάνωσκορπίος: 'scorpion.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (authority over)
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
δύναμινpowerAccusativeobject of ἐπὶδύναμις: 'power, might.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἐχθροῦenemyGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the devil.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐδὲνnothingNominativesubject (negative pronoun)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
οὐnotnegative (with μὴ, emphatic)
μὴby no meansnegative (οὐ μή = emphatic denial)οὐ μή: the strongest Greek negation of the future.
ἀδικήσῃwill harmAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀδικέωsubjunctive of emphatic negation→ aorist subjunctive (emphatic future denial)ἀδικέω: 'do wrong, harm, injure.'
20

πλὴν ἐν τούτῳ μὴ χαίρετε ὅτι τὰ πνεύματα ὑμῖν ὑποτάσσεται, χαίρετε δὲ ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐγγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.

Nevertheless do not rejoice in this, that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names have been written in heaven.

Saying: rejoice your names are writtenπλὴνJesus reorders their joy: not in delegated power over spirits, but in the settled fact (perfect ἐγγέγραπται) of belonging to God's people — names enrolled in heaven's book of life (cf. Exod 32:32; Dan 12:1).
πλὴνneverthelessadversative adverbπλήν: 'nevertheless.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (basis)
τούτῳthisDativeobject of ἐν (proleptic of ὅτι clause)
μὴnotnegative with imperative
χαίρετεrejoicePres Act Impv 2 Pl · χαίρωprohibition (present imperative)→ present imperative prohibitionχαίρω: 'rejoice, be glad.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
τὰtheNominativearticle
πνεύματαspiritsNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: here 'spirits' = the demons.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of subordination
ὑποτάσσεταιsubmitPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὑποτάσσωverb of content clause→ present (customary)ὑποτάσσω: 'be subject, submit.'
χαίρετεrejoicePres Act Impv 2 Pl · χαίρωimperative (positive command)→ present imperativeχαίρω: 'rejoice.'
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
τὰtheNominativearticle
ὀνόματαnamesNominativesubjectὄνομα: 'name'; enrolled in the heavenly register.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐγγέγραπταιhave been writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγράφωverb of content clause→ perfect (enrolled, abiding result)ἐγγράφω: 'inscribe, register'; the book of life (Dan 12:1; Phil 4:3).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐνοὐρανός: 'heaven.'
21

Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἠγαλλιάσατο ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ καὶ εἶπεν· Ἐξομολογοῦμαί σοι, πάτερ, κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἀπέκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ νηπίοις· ναί, ὁ πατήρ, ὅτι οὕτως εὐδοκία ἐγένετο ἔμπροσθέν σου.

In that very hour he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and said, 'I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these things from the wise and understanding and revealed them to infants; yes, Father, for such was your good pleasure before you.'

Jubilation: the Father reveals to infantsasyndetonA rare Lukan note of Jesus' Spirit-prompted exultation. The thanksgiving (Ἐξομολογοῦμαι) celebrates God's sovereign reversal: the gospel hidden from the self-wise, revealed to childlike disciples — grounded in the Father's εὐδοκία.
Ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
αὐτῇthat veryDativeintensive adjective ('that same')
τῇtheDativearticle
ὥρᾳhourDativeobject of Ἐνὥρα: 'hour, time.'
ἠγαλλιάσατοhe rejoicedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀγαλλιάομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀγαλλιάομαι: 'exult, rejoice greatly'; intense, jubilant gladness.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/agency)
τῷtheDativearticle
πνεύματιSpiritDativeobject of ἐνπνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the Holy Spirit prompts the joy.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἁγίῳ)
ἁγίῳHolyDativeattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech frame)→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
ἘξομολογοῦμαίI praisePres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐξομολογέωmain verb (thanksgiving)→ present (performative)ἐξομολογέομαι: 'confess, acknowledge, praise/thank' (LXX of grateful praise).
σοιyouDativedative indirect object
πάτερFatherVocativevocative of addressπατήρ: 'Father.'
κύριεLordVocativevocative in apposition to πάτερκύριος: 'Lord, Master.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of subordination ('Lord of')
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of subordinationγῆ: 'earth, land.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (ground of praise)
ἀπέκρυψαςyou have hiddenAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκρύπτωverb of ὅτι clause→ constative aoristἀποκρύπτω: 'hide, conceal.'
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object (the revelation)
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
σοφῶνwiseGenitiveobject of ἀπὸ (substantival adj.)σοφός: 'wise'; the self-reliantly clever.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συνετῶνunderstandingGenitiveobject of ἀπὸ (substantival adj.)συνετός: 'intelligent, understanding.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπεκάλυψαςrevealedAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of ὅτι clause→ constative aoristἀποκαλύπτω: 'reveal, uncover.'
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object
νηπίοιςto infantsDativedative indirect objectνήπιος: 'infant, child'; the humble and untaught.
ναίyesaffirmative particleναί: 'yes, indeed.'
Nominativearticle (nominative for vocative)
πατήρFatherNominativenominative of address (for vocative)πατήρ: 'Father.'
ὅτιforcausal conjunction
οὕτωςthusadverb of mannerοὕτως: 'thus, so.'
εὐδοκίαgood pleasureNominativepredicate/subjectεὐδοκία: 'good pleasure, gracious will.'
ἐγένετοwasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become, be.'
ἔμπροσθένbeforeimproper preposition + genitive
σουyouGenitiveobject of ἔμπροσθέν
22

Πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ πατὴρ εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς καὶ ᾧ ἂν βούληται ὁ υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψαι.

All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son and anyone to whom the Son wills to reveal him.

Jubilation: the mutual knowledge of Father and SonasyndetonA 'Johannine' saying in Luke: the Son's unique reception of all things and the exclusive, reciprocal knowledge of Father and Son — revelation reaching others only through the Son's sovereign will.
Πάνταall thingsNominativesubject (substantival adjective)
μοιto meDativedative indirect object
παρεδόθηhave been handed overAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ constative aorist (divine passive)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over, deliver, entrust.'
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agent)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
πατρόςFatherGenitivegenitive of agentπατήρ: 'Father.'
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject (negative pronoun)
γινώσκειknowsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb→ present (gnomic)γινώσκω: 'know.'
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of indirect question→ presentεἰμί: 'be.'
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubject of ἐστινυἱός: 'Son'; the absolute christological title.
εἰexceptexceptive (εἰ μή)
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')
theNominativearticle
πατήρFatherNominativesubject (the one who knows)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of indirect question→ presentεἰμί: 'be.'
theNominativearticle
πατὴρFatherNominativesubject of ἐστιν
εἰexceptexceptive (εἰ μή)
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubject (the one who knows)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
to whomDativerelative pronoun (dative, indirect object of ἀποκαλύψαι)
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefinite)
βούληταιwillsPres Mid Subj 3 Sg · βούλομαιsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ present subjunctiveβούλομαι: 'will, wish, intend.'
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubject of βούληται
ἀποκαλύψαιto revealAor Act Infin · ἀποκαλύπτωcomplementary infinitive→ aorist infinitiveἀποκαλύπτω: 'reveal.'
23

Καὶ στραφεὶς πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς κατ’ ἰδίαν εἶπεν· Μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ οἱ βλέποντες ἃ βλέπετε.

And turning to the disciples privately he said, 'Blessed are the eyes that see what you see!'

Beatitude: blessed eyesΚαὶA private beatitude. The disciples are pronounced blessed not for their works but for the privilege of witnessing the dawning kingdom — what prophets and kings longed to see (v.24).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
στραφεὶςturningAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · στρέφωparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)στρέφω: 'turn.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativeobject of πρὸςμαθητής: 'disciple, learner.'
κατ’preposition + accusative (idiom κατ’ ἰδίαν 'privately')
ἰδίανprivatelyAccusativeobject of κατ’ (idiom 'in private')ἴδιος: 'one's own'; κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately, apart.'
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech frame)→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
ΜακάριοιblessedNominativepredicate adjective (beatitude, verbless)μακάριος: 'blessed, happy'; the beatitude formula.
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
οἱtheNominativearticle (with participle)
βλέποντεςthat seePres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · βλέπωattributive participle (with ὀφθαλμοὶ)→ present participle (ongoing)βλέπω: 'see, look.'
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of βλέπετε)
βλέπετεyou seePres Act Indic 2 Pl · βλέπωverb of relative clause→ present (ongoing)βλέπω: 'see.'
24

λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι πολλοὶ προφῆται καὶ βασιλεῖς ἠθέλησαν ἰδεῖν ἃ ὑμεῖς βλέπετε καὶ οὐκ εἶδαν, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι ἃ ἀκούετε καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν.

For I tell you that many prophets and kings desired to see what you see and did not see it, and to hear what you hear and did not hear it.

Beatitude: prophets and kings longed for thisγὰρThe ground of the beatitude: the era of fulfillment, longed for by prophets and kings (cf. 1 Pet 1:10–12), has dawned in the disciples' presence — they see and hear the Messianic age itself.
λέγωI tellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (solemn formula)→ present (performative)λέγω: 'say, tell.'
γὰρforcausal conjunction (grounds the beatitude)
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
πολλοὶmanyNominativeattributive adjective
προφῆταιprophetsNominativesubjectπροφήτης: 'prophet.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubject (coordinate)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ἠθέλησανdesiredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θέλωmain verb→ constative aoristθέλω: 'will, wish, desire.'
ἰδεῖνto seeAor Act Infin · ὁράωcomplementary infinitive→ aorist infinitiveὁράω: 'see.'
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of βλέπετε)
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject
βλέπετεseePres Act Indic 2 Pl · βλέπωverb of relative clause→ presentβλέπω: 'see.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
εἶδανdid seeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω (εἶδον): 'see.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀκοῦσαιto hearAor Act Infin · ἀκούωcomplementary infinitive (with ἠθέλησαν)→ aorist infinitiveἀκούω: 'hear.'
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀκούετε)
ἀκούετεyou hearPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωverb of relative clause→ presentἀκούω: 'hear.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative
ἤκουσανdid hearAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear.'
25

Καὶ ἰδοὺ νομικός τις ἀνέστη ἐκπειράζων αὐτὸν λέγων· Διδάσκαλε, τί ποιήσας ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω;

And behold, a certain lawyer stood up to test him, saying, 'Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?'

Narrative: the lawyer's testing questionΚαὶA new scene opens the Samaritan pericope. A scribe rises with a testing question about inheriting eternal life — the classic Jewish concern, posed not in sincerity but to probe Jesus.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-markerἰδού: 'behold.'
νομικόςlawyerNominativesubjectνομικός: 'lawyer, expert in the (Mosaic) law.'
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun (attributive)
ἀνέστηstood upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up.'
ἐκπειράζωνto testPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπειράζωparticiple of purpose→ present participle (purpose)ἐκπειράζω: 'test thoroughly, put to the test'; with hostile intent.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐκπειράζων
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (speech)→ present participleλέγω: 'say.'
ΔιδάσκαλεTeacherVocativevocative of addressδιδάσκαλος: 'teacher.'
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ποιήσας)
ποιήσαςhaving doneAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωparticiple of means (modifying κληρονομήσω)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ποιέω: 'do, make.'
ζωὴνlifeAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσωζωή: 'life.'
αἰώνιονeternalAccusativeattributive adjectiveαἰώνιος: 'eternal, age-long'; the life of the age to come.
κληρονομήσωshall I inheritFut Act Indic 1 Sg · κληρονομέωmain verb (deliberative future)→ future (deliberative)κληρονομέω: 'inherit, obtain by lot.'
26

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν· Ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται; πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις;

And he said to him, 'What is written in the Law? How do you read it?'

Dialogue: Jesus turns him to the LawδὲJesus, the rabbinic counter-question, throws the scribe back on his own expertise: the Law itself holds the answer.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρὸς
Ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῷtheDativearticle
νόμῳLawDativeobject of Ἐννόμος: 'law'; the Torah.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)
γέγραπταιis writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (rhetorical question)→ perfect (abiding scriptural record)γράφω: 'write'; γέγραπται = the standing formula for Scripture.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb
ἀναγινώσκειςdo you readPres Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναγινώσκωmain verb (question)→ present (customary)ἀναγινώσκω: 'read, read aloud'; 'how do you read/recite it?'
27

ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· Ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ἰσχύϊ σου καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου, καὶ τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.

And he answered, 'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself.'

Dialogue: the lawyer's answer (Deut 6:5; Lev 19:18)δὲThe scribe joins the Shema (Deut 6:5) to Lev 19:18 — the double love-command. Luke's fourfold 'heart, soul, strength, mind' renders the whole person's allegiance.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (Semitic 'answered and said')→ aorist participleἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, reply.'
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
Ἀγαπήσειςyou shall loveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀγαπάωmain verb (future as imperative, LXX citation)→ future of command (volitive)ἀγαπάω: 'love'; the LXX future renders the Hebrew imperatival future (Deut 6:5).
κύριονthe LordAccusativedirect objectκύριος: 'Lord'; = YHWH in the citation.
τὸνAccusativearticle (with θεόν)
θεόνGodAccusativeapposition to κύριονθεός: 'God.'
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐξwithpreposition + genitive (source/means)
ὅληςallGenitiveattributive adjective
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
καρδίαςheartGenitiveobject of ἐξκαρδία: 'heart'; the inner center of will and thought.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)
ὅλῃallDativeattributive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
ψυχῇsoulDativeobject of ἐνψυχή: 'soul, life.'
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)
ὅλῃallDativeattributive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
ἰσχύϊstrengthDativeobject of ἐνἰσχύς: 'strength, might.'
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)
ὅλῃallDativeattributive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
διανοίᾳmindDativeobject of ἐνδιάνοια: 'mind, understanding.'
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πλησίονneighborsubstantival adverb as noun (indeclinable, object of implied ἀγαπήσεις)πλησίον: 'neighbor' (lit. 'near one'); indeclinable adverb used as a noun.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςascomparative particle
σεαυτόνyourselfAccusativeaccusative of comparison (reflexive)σεαυτοῦ: 'yourself' (Lev 19:18).
28

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ· Ὀρθῶς ἀπεκρίθης· τοῦτο ποίει καὶ ζήσῃ.

And he said to him, 'You have answered rightly; do this and you will live.'

Dialogue: 'do this and you will live'δὲJesus affirms the answer and presses the imperative: the Law's demand is not merely to be recited but done; the present ποίει calls for continual practice (cf. Lev 18:5).
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object
Ὀρθῶςrightlyadverb of mannerὀρθῶς: 'rightly, correctly.'
ἀπεκρίθηςyou have answeredAor Pass(Dep) Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
τοῦτοthisAccusativedirect object
ποίειdoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωimperative (command)→ present imperative (continual practice)ποιέω: 'do'; the present commands habitual doing.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (consecutive)
ζήσῃyou will liveFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ζάωmain verb (result)→ future (predictive/promise)ζάω: 'live'; the life of Lev 18:5 / the eternal life of v.25.
29

ὁ δὲ θέλων δικαιῶσαι ἑαυτὸν εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν· Καὶ τίς ἐστίν μου πλησίον;

But he, wishing to justify himself, said to Jesus, 'And who is my neighbor?'

Dialogue: 'and who is my neighbor?'δὲThe scribe's self-justifying follow-up exposes his motive: by narrowing 'neighbor' he hopes to limit the command's reach. The question sets up the parable, which will redefine 'neighbor' as the one who acts.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
θέλωνwishingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · θέλωcausal/circumstantial participle→ present participleθέλω: 'wish, want.'
δικαιῶσαιto justifyAor Act Infin · δικαιόωcomplementary infinitive→ aorist infinitiveδικαιόω: 'justify, vindicate, declare/show righteous.'
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativereflexive direct object
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)
τὸνAccusativearticle (with proper name)
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativeobject of πρὸςἸησοῦς: Jesus.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (continuative)
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
ἐστίνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ presentεἰμί: 'be.'
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
πλησίονneighborsubstantival adverb as noun (indeclinable, predicate)πλησίον: 'neighbor'; indeclinable.
30

ὑπολαβὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Ἄνθρωπός τις κατέβαινεν ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Ἰεριχὼ καὶ λῃσταῖς περιέπεσεν, οἳ καὶ ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν καὶ πληγὰς ἐπιθέντες ἀπῆλθον ἀφέντες ἡμιθανῆ.

Jesus took up the question and said: 'A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho and fell among robbers, who both stripped him and laid blows on him, then went off, leaving him half-dead.

Parable: the man and the robbersasyndetonThe parable opens. The Jerusalem-to-Jericho descent (about 17 miles, a notorious bandit road dropping some 3,300 feet) sets the scene; the victim is left anonymous and 'half-dead,' so that neither nationality nor consciousness can determine who helps.
ὑπολαβὼνtaking upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὑπολαμβάνωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participleὑπολαμβάνω: 'take up, reply, respond'; here 'in reply.'
Nominativearticle (with proper name)
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
ἌνθρωπόςmanNominativesubject (of parable)ἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'; deliberately unspecified.
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun (attributive)
κατέβαινενwas going downImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (scene-setting)→ imperfect (descriptive background)καταβαίνω: 'go/come down'; Jericho lies far below Jerusalem.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemindeclinable place-name (object of ἀπὸ)Ἰερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem; indeclinable Semitic form.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἸεριχὼJerichoindeclinable place-name (object of εἰς)Ἰεριχώ: Jericho; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λῃσταῖςrobbersDativedative with περιέπεσενλῃστής: 'robber, bandit, brigand.'
περιέπεσενfell amongAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιπίπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπεριπίπτω: 'fall in with, encounter (by chance)' + dative.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
καὶbothcorrelative conjunction (καί … καί)
ἐκδύσαντεςhaving strippedAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐκδύωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐκδύω: 'strip off, undress.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πληγὰςblowsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθέντεςπληγή: 'blow, wound, stroke.'
ἐπιθέντεςhaving laid onAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιτίθημιparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place/lay upon'; here 'inflict (blows).'
ἀπῆλθονwent offAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart.'
ἀφέντεςleavingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀφίημιparticiple of attendant circumstance/result→ aorist participleἀφίημι: 'leave, let go, abandon.'
ἡμιθανῆhalf-deadAccusativeobject complement (predicate accusative)ἡμιθανής: 'half-dead'; NT hapax — between life and death, beyond self-help.
31

κατὰ συγκυρίαν δὲ ἱερεύς τις κατέβαινεν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτὸν ἀντιπαρῆλθεν·

Now by coincidence a certain priest was going down that road, and seeing him he passed by on the opposite side;

Parable: the priest passes byδὲThe first religious figure. A priest, of all people, sees the victim yet 'passes by on the opposite side' — perhaps fearing corpse-defilement (Lev 21:1–4), but the parable lets the bare fact of his avoidance speak.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (idiom 'by coincidence')
συγκυρίανcoincidenceAccusativeobject of κατὰσυγκυρία: 'coincidence, chance'; NT hapax.
δὲnowdevelopmental conjunction
ἱερεύςpriestNominativesubjectἱερεύς: 'priest'; one serving in the temple cult.
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun
κατέβαινενwas going downImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ imperfect (descriptive)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; from Jerusalem, perhaps after temple service.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷroadDativeobject of ἐνὁδός: 'road, way.'
ἐκείνῃthatDativeattributive demonstrative
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ὁράω: 'see.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἰδὼν
ἀντιπαρῆλθενpassed by on the opposite sideAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀντιπαρέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀντιπαρέρχομαι: 'pass by on the opposite side'; deliberate avoidance (also v.32).
32

ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Λευίτης γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον ἐλθὼν καὶ ἰδὼν ἀντιπαρῆλθεν.

and likewise a Levite also, coming to the place and seeing him, passed by on the opposite side.

Parable: the Levite passes byδὲThe second cultic figure repeats the failure — 'likewise.' Priest and Levite together represent the religious establishment, which proves unable to embody the very Law it served.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseadverb of mannerὁμοίως: 'likewise, similarly.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
καὶalsoadjunctive conjunction
ΛευίτηςLeviteNominativesubjectΛευίτης: 'Levite'; temple assistant of the tribe of Levi.
γενόμενοςcoming to beAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · γίνομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participleγίνομαι: 'come to be'; here 'arriving at.'
κατὰatpreposition + accusative (location)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of κατὰτόπος: 'place, spot.'
ἐλθὼνcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ὁράω: 'see.'
ἀντιπαρῆλθενpassed by on the opposite sideAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀντιπαρέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀντιπαρέρχομαι: 'pass by on the opposite side.'
33

Σαμαρίτης δέ τις ὁδεύων ἦλθεν κατ’ αὐτὸν καὶ ἰδὼν ἐσπλαγχνίσθη,

But a certain Samaritan, as he traveled, came upon him, and seeing him he was moved with compassion,

Parable: the Samaritan's compassionδέThe shock of the parable: the hero is a Samaritan, the despised half-foreigner (cf. 9:52–53; John 4:9). Where priest and Levite saw and avoided, he sees and is 'moved in his inward parts' — the same verb used of Jesus' own compassion.
ΣαμαρίτηςSamaritanNominativesubjectΣαμαρίτης: a Samaritan; despised by Jews as schismatic and impure.
δέbutadversative conjunction (the turn)
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun
ὁδεύωνtravelingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁδεύωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ present participle (ongoing journey)ὁδεύω: 'travel, journey'; NT hapax.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
κατ’uponpreposition + accusative ('to where he was')
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of κατ’
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ὁράω: 'see'; same seeing as priest and Levite — but a different response.
ἐσπλαγχνίσθηwas moved with compassionAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σπλαγχνίζομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristσπλαγχνίζομαι: 'be moved with compassion' (from σπλάγχνα, the inward organs); deep, visceral mercy.
34

καὶ προσελθὼν κατέδησεν τὰ τραύματα αὐτοῦ ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον, ἐπιβιβάσας δὲ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον κτῆνος ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς πανδοχεῖον καὶ ἐπεμελήθη αὐτοῦ.

and he went to him and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine; and setting him on his own animal he brought him to an inn and cared for him.

Parable: the Samaritan's careκαὶCompassion becomes concrete, costly action: first aid (oil and wine were standard wound treatments), his own beast, transport to an inn, personal nursing. The cascade of verbs measures mercy by deeds, not feelings.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσελθὼνgoing toAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσέρχομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)προσέρχομαι: 'come/go to, approach.'
κατέδησενbound upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταδέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταδέω: 'bind up, bandage'; NT hapax.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
τραύματαwoundsAccusativedirect objectτραῦμα: 'wound'; NT hapax.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐπιχέωνpouring onPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιχέωparticiple of means→ present participle (manner)ἐπιχέω: 'pour on'; NT hapax.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativedirect object of ἐπιχέωνἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; soothing/emollient.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect object of ἐπιχέωνοἶνος: 'wine'; antiseptic for wounds.
ἐπιβιβάσαςsetting onAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιβιβάζωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐπιβιβάζω: 'set/place upon (a mount).'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐπιβιβάσας
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (place)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἴδιονhis ownAccusativeattributive adjective (emphatic 'own')ἴδιος: 'one's own'; the Samaritan walks so the victim may ride.
κτῆνοςanimalAccusativeobject of ἐπὶκτῆνος: 'beast, riding animal, pack animal.'
ἤγαγενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω: 'lead, bring.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
πανδοχεῖονinnAccusativeobject of εἰςπανδοχεῖον: 'inn, public lodging'; NT hapax.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπεμελήθηcared forAor Pass(Dep) Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιμελέομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιμελέομαι: 'take care of, look after' + genitive.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἐπεμελήθη
35

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν αὔριον ἐκβαλὼν ἔδωκεν δύο δηνάρια τῷ πανδοχεῖ καὶ εἶπεν· Ἐπιμελήθητι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὅ τι ἂν προσδαπανήσῃς ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ ἐπανέρχεσθαί με ἀποδώσω σοι.

And on the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper and said, 'Care for him, and whatever more you spend, I will repay you when I return.'

Parable: the Samaritan's continuing provisionκαὶMercy extends into the future and the wallet: two denarii (two days' wages) plus an open-ended guarantee. The Samaritan binds himself to ongoing cost — love that does not calculate its limit.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (time)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
αὔριονnext dayadverb used substantivally (object of ἐπὶ)αὔριον: 'tomorrow, next day.'
ἐκβαλὼνtaking outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐκβάλλωparticiple of attendant circumstance→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐκβάλλω: 'take/bring out'; here drawing out coins.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give.'
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (with δηνάρια)
δηνάριαdenariiAccusativedirect objectδηνάριον: 'denarius'; a day's wage — two cover several days' lodging.
τῷto theDativearticle
πανδοχεῖinnkeeperDativedative indirect objectπανδοχεύς: 'innkeeper'; NT hapax.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
Ἐπιμελήθητιcare forAor Pass(Dep) Impv 2 Sg · ἐπιμελέομαιimperative (command)→ aorist imperativeἐπιμελέομαι: 'take care of' + genitive.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of Ἐπιμελήθητι
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προσδαπανήσῃς)
τι-everAccusativeindefinite pronoun (ὅ τι 'whatever')
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefinite)
προσδαπανήσῃςyou spend moreAor Act Subj 2 Sg · προσδαπανάωsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveπροσδαπανάω: 'spend in addition'; NT hapax.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject
ἐνwhenpreposition + dative (articular infinitive, temporal)
τῷtheDativearticle (with infinitive)
ἐπανέρχεσθαίto returnPres Mid Infin · ἐπανέρχομαιarticular infinitive (temporal 'when I return')→ present infinitiveἐπανέρχομαι: 'return, come back.'
μεIAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
ἀποδώσωI will repayFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποδίδωμιmain verb→ future (promise)ἀποδίδωμι: 'give back, repay.'
σοιyouDativedative indirect object
36

τίς τούτων τῶν τριῶν πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι γεγονέναι τοῦ ἐμπεσόντος εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς;

'Which of these three, do you think, proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers?'

Dialogue: Jesus' counter-questionasyndetonJesus inverts the lawyer's question. He asked 'who is my neighbor?' (whom must I love?); Jesus asks 'who became neighbor?' (who acted as one?). Neighbor-love is defined by the doer, not the object.
τίςwhichNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)
τούτωνof theseGenitivepartitive genitive
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
τριῶνthreeGenitivenumeral (partitive genitive)
πλησίονneighborsubstantival adverb as noun (indeclinable, predicate)πλησίον: 'neighbor'; indeclinable.
δοκεῖseemsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δοκέωmain verb (parenthetical 'do you think')→ presentδοκέω: 'think, seem.'
σοιto youDativedative of reference
γεγονέναιto have becomePerf Act Infin · γίνομαιinfinitive in indirect discourse→ perfect infinitive (abiding result)γίνομαι: 'become'; 'proved to be / became.'
τοῦof the oneGenitivearticle (substantival with participle)
ἐμπεσόντοςwho fellAor Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἐμπίπτωsubstantival participle (genitive after πλησίον)→ aorist participleἐμπίπτω: 'fall into.'
εἰςamongpreposition + accusative
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
λῃστάςrobbersAccusativeobject of εἰςλῃστής: 'robber, bandit.'
37

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Ὁ ποιήσας τὸ ἔλεος μετ’ αὐτοῦ. εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Πορεύου καὶ σὺ ποίει ὁμοίως.

And he said, 'The one who showed mercy to him.' And Jesus said to him, 'Go, and you do likewise.'

Dialogue: 'go and do likewise'δὲUnable even to say 'the Samaritan,' the lawyer answers by the deed: 'the one who showed mercy.' Jesus' closing imperative turns the test back on the questioner — the Law is fulfilled in active mercy, not definitions.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
the oneNominativearticle (substantival with participle)
ποιήσαςwho showedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (subject/predicate)→ aorist participleποιέω: 'do, show'; ποιεῖν ἔλεος = 'show mercy' (LXX idiom).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἔλεοςmercyAccusativedirect object of ποιήσαςἔλεος: 'mercy, compassion'; the Hebrew ḥesed.
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (toward/with)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετ’
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object
Nominativearticle (with proper name)
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ΠορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιimperative (command)→ present imperativeπορεύομαι: 'go, proceed.'
καὶalsoadjunctive conjunction
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject ('you too')
ποίειdoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωimperative (command)→ present imperative (continual)ποιέω: 'do'; the present calls for a habitual practice of mercy.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseadverb of mannerὁμοίως: 'likewise, in the same way.'
38

Ἐν δὲ τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς κώμην τινά· γυνὴ δέ τις ὀνόματι Μάρθα ὑπεδέξατο αὐτόν.

Now as they traveled, he entered a certain village; and a certain woman named Martha welcomed him.

Narrative: Jesus received by MarthaδὲA new domestic scene. The articular infinitive (ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι) is a Lukan temporal idiom. Martha is named as host who 'received him' into her home — the active, hospitable role.
Ἐνaspreposition + dative (articular infinitive, temporal)
δὲnowdevelopmental conjunction
τῷtheDativearticle (with infinitive)
πορεύεσθαιto travelPres Mid Infin · πορεύομαιarticular infinitive (temporal 'as they traveled')→ present infinitive (ongoing)πορεύομαι: 'go, travel.'
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
αὐτὸςheNominativeintensive pronoun (subject)
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
κώμηνvillageAccusativeobject of εἰςκώμη: 'village.'
τινάa certainAccusativeindefinite pronoun
γυνὴwomanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman, wife.'
δέanddevelopmental conjunction
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite pronoun
ὀνόματιby nameDativedative of reference ('named')ὄνομα: 'name'; ὀνόματι = 'by name, named.'
ΜάρθαMarthaNominativeapposition to γυνή (nominative)Μάρθα: Martha (Aramaic 'lady, mistress'); sister of Mary and Lazarus (John 11).
ὑπεδέξατοwelcomedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὑποδέχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristὑποδέχομαι: 'receive (as a guest), welcome, entertain.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
39

καὶ τῇδε ἦν ἀδελφὴ καλουμένη Μαριάμ, ἣ καὶ παρακαθεσθεῖσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας τοῦ κυρίου ἤκουεν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ.

And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at the Lord's feet and listened to his word.

Narrative: Mary at the Lord's feetκαὶMary takes the disciple's posture — 'at the feet,' the place of a learner before a rabbi (cf. Acts 22:3). The imperfect ἤκουεν depicts sustained listening; her devotion to the word frames the contrast with Martha's busyness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῇδεthis womanDativedemonstrative pronoun (dative of possession)ὅδε: 'this'; τῇδε = 'to/for this woman' (Martha).
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (of possession with dative)→ imperfect (descriptive)εἰμί: 'be'; with dative = 'she had.'
ἀδελφὴsisterNominativesubjectἀδελφή: 'sister.'
καλουμένηcalledPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · καλέωattributive participle (with ἀδελφὴ)→ present passive participleκαλέω: 'call, name.'
ΜαριάμMaryindeclinable proper name (predicate of καλουμένη)Μαριάμ: Mary (Hebrew Miryam); the indeclinable Semitic form.
whoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
καὶalsoadjunctive conjunction
παρακαθεσθεῖσαhaving sat down besideAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · παρακαθέζομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)παρακαθέζομαι: 'sit down beside'; the disciple's posture.
πρὸςatpreposition + accusative ('at, beside')
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πόδαςfeetAccusativeobject of πρὸςπούς: 'foot'; 'at the feet' = the learner's place.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivepossessive genitiveκύριος: 'Lord'; Luke's narrative title for Jesus.
ἤκουενlistened toImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ imperfect (continuous attention)ἀκούω: 'hear, listen to.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'word, message.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
40

ἡ δὲ Μάρθα περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν διακονίαν· ἐπιστᾶσα δὲ εἶπεν· Κύριε, οὐ μέλει σοι ὅτι ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλειπεν διακονεῖν; εἰπὲ οὖν αὐτῇ ἵνα μοι συναντιλάβηται.

But Martha was distracted with much serving; and coming up she said, 'Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her, then, to help me.'

Dialogue: Martha's complaintδὲMartha is 'pulled about' by much service — the verb suggests being dragged in different directions. Her complaint reproaches both Mary and, pointedly, the Lord ('do you not care?'), and demands he intervene on her behalf.
Nominativearticle (with proper name)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ΜάρθαMarthaNominativesubjectΜάρθα: Martha.
περιεσπᾶτοwas distractedImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · περισπάωmain verb→ imperfect (ongoing state)περισπάω: 'pull around, distract, overburden'; lit. 'be dragged about.'
περὶwithpreposition + accusative (concerning/about)
πολλὴνmuchAccusativeattributive adjective
διακονίανservingAccusativeobject of περὶδιακονία: 'service, ministry, waiting at table.'
ἐπιστᾶσαcoming upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἐφίστημιparticiple of attendant circumstance (temporal)→ aorist participle (antecedent)ἐφίστημι: 'stand by, come up to, approach (suddenly).'
δὲanddevelopmental conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
ΚύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: 'Lord.'
οὐnotnegative (interrogative, expects 'yes')
μέλειdoes it concernPres Act Indic 3 Sg · μέλωimpersonal verb ('it matters to')→ presentμέλει: impersonal, 'it is a care/concern' + dative.
σοιto youDativedative of reference (with μέλει)
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
theNominativearticle
ἀδελφήsisterNominativesubjectἀδελφή: 'sister.'
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
μόνηνaloneAccusativepredicate adjective (with με)μόνος: 'alone, only.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object of κατέλειπεν
κατέλειπενhas leftImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (of content clause)→ imperfect (ongoing/conative)καταλείπω: 'leave behind, abandon.'
διακονεῖνto servePres Act Infin · διακονέωcomplementary/epexegetical infinitive→ present infinitiveδιακονέω: 'serve, wait on, minister.'
εἰπὲtellAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λέγωimperative (command)→ aorist imperativeλέγω/εἶπον: 'say, tell.'
οὖνtheninferential conjunction
αὐτῇherDativedative indirect object
ἵναtoconjunction (content of command)
μοιmeDativedative object of συναντιλάβηται
συναντιλάβηταιshe should helpAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · συναντιλαμβάνομαιsubjunctive in ἵνα clause→ aorist subjunctiveσυναντιλαμβάνομαι: 'lend a hand together with, help' + dative.
41

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ κύριος· Μάρθα Μάρθα, μεριμνᾷς καὶ θορυβάζῃ περὶ πολλά,

But the Lord answered her, 'Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things,

Dialogue: 'Martha, Martha'δὲThe doubled vocative is tender, not harsh. Jesus diagnoses not her service but its inner cost — anxious worry and agitation — spread over 'many things,' contrasted with the 'one thing' of v.42.
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιparticiple of attendant circumstance (Semitic 'answered and said')→ aorist participleἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
δὲbutadversative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say.'
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object
theNominativearticle
κύριοςLordNominativesubjectκύριος: 'Lord'; Luke's narrative title.
ΜάρθαMarthaVocativevocative of address (doubled, affectionate)Μάρθα: Martha.
ΜάρθαMarthaVocativevocative (repetition for tenderness/emphasis)
μεριμνᾷςyou are anxiousPres Act Indic 2 Sg · μεριμνάωmain verb→ present (ongoing state)μεριμνάω: 'be anxious, worried, care.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θορυβάζῃyou are troubledPres Pass Indic 2 Sg · θορυβάζωmain verb→ present (ongoing state)θορυβάζω: 'trouble, disturb, agitate'; rare verb (cf. τυρβάζῃ as a variant).
περὶaboutpreposition + accusative (concerning)
πολλάmany thingsAccusativeobject of περὶ (substantival)πολύς: 'many'; set against the 'one thing' of v.42.
42

ἑνὸς δέ ἐστιν χρεία· Μαρία γὰρ τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται αὐτῆς.

but one thing is necessary; for Mary has chosen the good portion, which will not be taken from her.'

Pronouncement: 'one thing is necessary'δέThe climactic contrast. The printed text reads 'one thing is necessary' (the longer, well-attested variant has 'few things are necessary, or one' — see text_note). Mary's 'good portion' — attentive discipleship to the word — is the lasting, irreducible necessity, not to be taken away.
ἑνὸςof one thingGenitivegenitive of need (with χρεία)εἷς: 'one'; the single necessary thing.
δέbutadversative conjunction
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ presentεἰμί: 'be.'
χρείαneedNominativesubject ('there is need')χρεία: 'need, necessity'; χρεία ἐστίν = 'it is necessary.'
ΜαρίαMaryNominativesubjectΜαρία: Mary (the declined Greek form here, alongside indeclinable Μαριάμ in v.39).
γὰρforcausal conjunction (grounds the 'one thing')
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἀγαθὴνgoodAccusativeattributive adjectiveἀγαθός: 'good.'
μερίδαportionAccusativedirect objectμερίς: 'portion, share, part'; perhaps with an echo of the table-portion and of one's lot/inheritance.
ἐξελέξατοhas chosenAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐκλέγομαι: 'choose, select for oneself.'
ἥτιςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (qualitative, subject)
οὐκnotnegative
ἀφαιρεθήσεταιwill be taken awayFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (relative clause)→ future (predictive)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away, remove.'
αὐτῆςfrom herGenitivegenitive of separation