Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Luke, Chapter 18ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ ΙΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἔλεγεν δὲ παραβολὴν αὐτοῖς πρὸς τὸ δεῖν πάντοτε προσεύχεσθαι αὐτοὺς καὶ μὴ ἐγκακεῖν,

And he was telling them a parable to the effect that they ought always to pray and not lose heart,

Parable introductionδέLuke uniquely supplies the parable's point before the story: persistent prayer that does not give up — the lesson the widow will dramatize.
Ἔλεγενhe was tellingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ iterative/inceptive imperfect (he began/kept telling)λέγω: say, tell; the imperfect frames an ongoing teaching.
δὲandcontinuative conjunctionδέ: mild connective advancing the narrative.
παραβολὴνa parableAccusativedirect object of Ἔλεγενπαραβολή: comparison, illustrative story (παρα + βάλλω, 'cast alongside').
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
πρὸςwith a view topreposition + acc. (purpose/reference)πρός + acc.: here marking the aim or point of the parable.
τὸtheAccusativearticle nominalizing the infinitive
δεῖνit is necessaryPres Act Inf · δεῖarticular infinitive (object of πρός)→ impersonal obligationδεῖ: 'it is necessary'; impersonal verb of binding obligation.
πάντοτεalwaysadverb of timeπάντοτε: at all times, continually.
προσεύχεσθαιto prayPres Mid Inf · προσεύχομαιcomplementary inf. after δεῖν→ durative (keep praying)προσεύχομαι: to pray, the general word for prayer to God.
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitives
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative with infinitiveμή: negative used with non-indicative forms.
ἐγκακεῖνto lose heartPres Act Inf · ἐγκακέωcomplementary inf. (coordinate)→ durative (grow weary)ἐγκακέω: to lose heart, grow weary, give up; the Pauline word for not flagging.
2

λέγων· Κριτής τις ἦν ἔν τινι πόλει τὸν θεὸν μὴ φοβούμενος καὶ ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος.

saying: "There was in a certain city a judge who neither feared God nor regarded man."

Parable: settingasyndetonThe antagonist is sketched in two negations — no fear of God, no shame before men — the very portrait of lawlessness.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (introducing speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces the direct discourse.
Κριτήςa judgeNominativesubject of ἦνκριτής: judge, magistrate.
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite adjective modifying Κριτήςτις: indefinite, 'a certain.'
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existence)→ stative imperfectεἰμί: to be, exist.
ἔνinpreposition + dat. (location)ἐν + dat.: in, within.
τινιa certainDativeindefinite adj. modifying πόλειτις: indefinite.
πόλειcityDativeobject of ἔν (location)πόλις: city, town.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θεόν
θεὸνGodAccusativeobject of φοβούμενοςθεός: God.
μὴnotnegative with participleμή: negates the participles.
φοβούμενοςfearingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · φοβέομαιattributive ptc. modifying Κριτής→ imperfective (habitual)φοβέομαι: to fear, reverence; 'not fearing God' = irreligious.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeobject of ἐντρεπόμενοςἄνθρωπος: human being, anyone.
μὴnotnegative with participle
ἐντρεπόμενοςregardingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐντρέπωattributive ptc. modifying Κριτής→ imperfective (habitual)ἐντρέπομαι: to have regard for, show deference to (lit. 'turn toward'); here 'respect no one.'
3

χήρα δὲ ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ καὶ ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγουσα· Ἐκδίκησόν με ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου μου.

And there was a widow in that city, and she kept coming to him, saying, "Grant me justice against my adversary."

Parable: the petitionerδέThe widow — the OT type of the defenseless — sets her one repeated demand against the judge; the imperfect ἤρχετο marks her relentless coming.
χήραa widowNominativesubject of ἦνχήρα: widow; in the OT the paradigm of the legally helpless under God's special care.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of existence→ stative imperfectεἰμί: to be.
ἐνinpreposition + dat.
τῇthatDativearticle with πόλει
πόλειcityDativeobject of ἐνπόλις: city.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative modifying πόλειἐκεῖνος: that (remote demonstrative).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤρχετοshe kept comingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ iterative imperfect (repeated coming)ἔρχομαι: come, go; the imperfect dramatizes her persistence.
πρὸςtopreposition + acc. (toward)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
λέγουσαsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces her plea.
Ἐκδίκησόνgrant justice toAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐκδικέωimperative (petition)→ ingressive aorist (act now)ἐκδικέω: to vindicate, avenge, give legal redress; the keyword of the parable (cf. vv.5, 7, 8).
μεmeAccusativedirect object
ἀπὸagainstpreposition + gen. (separation/defense from)ἀπό + gen.: 'from'; here 'protect/vindicate me from.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἀντιδίκου
ἀντιδίκουadversaryGenitiveobject of ἀπόἀντίδικος: legal opponent in a lawsuit, adversary.
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive
4

καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν ἐπὶ χρόνον, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα εἶπεν ἐν ἑαυτῷ· Εἰ καὶ τὸν θεὸν οὐ φοβοῦμαι οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον ἐντρέπομαι,

And for a while he would not, but afterward he said to himself, "Though I neither fear God nor regard man,

Parable: the turnκαίThe judge's interior soliloquy (Lukan device) concedes his own godlessness even as he resolves to act.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative with indicativeοὐ: objective negation.
ἤθελενhe was willingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ durative imperfect (kept refusing)θέλω: to will, want; here 'would not' over a stretch of time.
ἐπὶforpreposition + acc. (extent of time)ἐπί + acc.: 'for (a period).'
χρόνονa timeAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeχρόνος: time, span; 'for a while.'
μετὰafterpreposition + acc. (time)μετά + acc.: after.
δὲbutadversative conjunctionδέ: marking the reversal.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετάοὗτος: this; 'after these things' = afterward.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
ἐνinpreposition + dat.
ἑαυτῷhimselfDativereflexive (sphere) — 'to himself'ἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun.
Εἰifconditional/concessive particleεἰ καί: 'even if, although' — concessive.
καὶevenadverbial (with εἰ, concessive)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θεόν
θεὸνGodAccusativeobject of φοβοῦμαιθεός: God.
οὐnotnegative with indicative
φοβοῦμαιI fearPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · φοβέομαιverb of concessive clause→ imperfective (habitual)φοβέομαι: to fear; echoes the narrator's verdict of v.2.
οὐδὲnornegative conjunctionοὐδέ: 'and not, nor.'
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeobject of ἐντρέπομαιἄνθρωπος: anyone.
ἐντρέπομαιI regardPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντρέπωverb of concessive clause→ imperfective (habitual)ἐντρέπομαι: to respect, defer to.
5

διά γε τὸ παρέχειν μοι κόπον τὴν χήραν ταύτην ἐκδικήσω αὐτήν, ἵνα μὴ εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη ὑπωπιάζῃ με.

yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will grant her justice, so that she may not in the end wear me out by her coming."

Parable: the judge's resolveasyndetonPure self-interest, not justice, moves him; ὑπωπιάζῃ ('give a black eye,' wear down) is mock-pugilistic — the widow as a relentless boxer.
διάbecause ofpreposition + acc. (cause)διά + acc.: 'because of, on account of.'
γεyetintensive/emphatic particleγε: emphatic enclitic, 'at least, yet.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle nominalizing the infinitive
παρέχεινto causePres Act Inf · παρέχωarticular infinitive (cause, after διά)→ durative (keeps causing)παρέχω: to furnish, cause, bring about; with κόπον, 'cause trouble.'
μοιmeDativeindirect object (dat. of disadvantage)
κόπονtroubleAccusativeobject of παρέχεινκόπος: trouble, toil, wearisome labor.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with χήραν
χήρανwidowAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitiveχήρα: widow.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative modifying χήρανοὗτος: this.
ἐκδικήσωI will grant justice toFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐκδικέωmain verb (resolve)→ predictive futureἐκδικέω: to vindicate, give legal redress (cf. vv.3, 7, 8).
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object
ἵναso thatconjunction introducing purpose clauseἵνα: purpose/result, + subjunctive.
μὴnotnegative in purpose clause
εἰςtopreposition + acc. (idiom εἰς τέλος)
τέλοςthe endAccusativeobject of εἰς (εἰς τέλος = 'finally/in the end')τέλος: end; εἰς τέλος idiom 'in the end' or 'continually.'
ἐρχομένηcomingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔρχομαιptc. of means/manner (by her coming)→ imperfective (continual)ἔρχομαι: come; her ceaseless approach.
ὑπωπιάζῃshe wear outPres Act Subj 3 Sg · ὑπωπιάζωverb of purpose clause→ imperfective subj. (sustained)ὑπωπιάζω: lit. 'strike under the eye, give a black eye'; figuratively 'wear out, browbeat' (boxing metaphor).
μεmeAccusativedirect object
6

Εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος· Ἀκούσατε τί ὁ κριτὴς τῆς ἀδικίας λέγει·

And the Lord said, "Hear what the unrighteous judge says.

Application: the call to hearδέJesus (called 'the Lord' by the narrator) draws the lesson; 'judge of unrighteousness' is a Semitic genitive = 'unrighteous judge.'
ΕἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
theNominativearticle with κύριος
κύριοςLordNominativesubject of Εἶπενκύριος: Lord; Luke's narrative title for Jesus.
ἈκούσατεhearAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀκούωimperative→ ingressive aoristἀκούω: to hear, listen, heed.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative/relative obj. of λέγειτίς: interrogative 'what.'
theNominativearticle with κριτής
κριτὴςjudgeNominativesubject of λέγεικριτής: judge.
τῆςofGenitivearticle with ἀδικίας
ἀδικίαςunrighteousnessGenitiveattributive (Hebraic) genitive of qualityἀδικία: unrighteousness, injustice; 'judge of unrighteousness' = unjust judge.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of indirect question→ imperfectiveλέγω: say.
7

ὁ δὲ θεὸς οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν βοώντων αὐτῷ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός, καὶ μακροθυμεῖ ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς;

And will not God surely grant justice to his elect, who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long over them?

Application: a fortiori argumentδέThe how-much-more: if even a godless judge yields to persistence, God will surely vindicate his crying elect; οὐ μή is the strongest denial of the negative.
theNominativearticle with θεός
δὲandcontinuative/contrastive conjunction
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ποιήσῃθεός: God — set over against the unjust judge.
οὐsurely notemphatic negation (with μή)οὐ μή: emphatic double negative + subj., the strongest denial.
μὴnotemphatic negation (with οὐ)
ποιήσῃhe grantAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ποιέωsubjunctive of emphatic denial (rhetorical question)→ punctiliar aoristποιέω: to do, make; ποιεῖν ἐκδίκησιν = render judgment, vindicate.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἐκδίκησιν
ἐκδίκησινjusticeAccusativedirect object of ποιήσῃἐκδίκησις: vindication, vengeance, legal redress (the parable's keyword as noun).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἐκλεκτῶν
ἐκλεκτῶνelectGenitiveobjective genitive (vindication for the elect)ἐκλεκτός: chosen, elect; God's covenant people who pray.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
τῶνthe onesGenitivearticle substantivizing the participle
βοώντωνcrying outPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · βοάωattributive ptc. modifying ἐκλεκτῶν→ imperfective (continual)βοάω: to cry out, shout; the elect's persistent prayer.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object of βοώντων
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive of time (within which)ἡμέρα: day; 'by day.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
νυκτόςnightGenitivegenitive of time (within which)νύξ: night; 'by night' — ceaseless prayer.
καὶand yetconjunction (concessive force)
μακροθυμεῖhe delaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · μακροθυμέωmain verb (second rhetorical question)→ imperfectiveμακροθυμέω: to be long-suffering, patient, or to delay; the construal here ('will he keep them waiting?') is debated — see notes.
ἐπ’overpreposition + dat. (concerning)ἐπί + dat.: 'over, concerning.'
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject of ἐπί
8

λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ποιήσει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν αὐτῶν ἐν τάχει. πλὴν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐλθὼν ἆρα εὑρήσει τὴν πίστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;

I tell you, he will grant them justice speedily. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?

Application: the verdict and the questionasyndetonThe assurance (vindication 'speedily') turns on a haunting question: the issue is not God's faithfulness but whether his people will keep faith until the Son of Man comes.
λέγωI tellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative presentλέγω: say; solemn declaration formula.
ὑμῖνyouDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing content clauseὅτι: 'that.'
ποιήσειhe will grantFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of content clause→ predictive futureποιέω: ποιεῖν ἐκδίκησιν = to vindicate.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἐκδίκησιν
ἐκδίκησινjusticeAccusativedirect objectἐκδίκησις: vindication (parable keyword).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitiveobjective genitive (for them)
ἐνinpreposition + dat. (manner)
τάχειspeedDativeobject of ἐν (ἐν τάχει = 'speedily')τάχος: speed, quickness; ἐν τάχει = soon/suddenly.
πλὴνneverthelessadversative adverb/conjunctionπλήν: 'however, nevertheless'; pivots from assurance to challenge.
theNominativearticle with υἱός
υἱὸςSonNominativesubject of εὑρήσειυἱός: son; 'the Son of Man' (Dan 7), Jesus' self-designation.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπου
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive in the title 'Son of Man'ἄνθρωπος: man; the Danielic title.
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιtemporal ptc. ('when he comes')→ antecedent aoristἔρχομαι: come; the eschatological coming/parousia.
ἆραindeedinterrogative particle (anxious question)ἆρα: interrogative particle expecting a doubtful/negative answer.
εὑρήσειwill he findFut Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb (rhetorical question)→ predictive futureεὑρίσκω: to find, discover.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with πίστιν
πίστινfaithAccusativedirect objectπίστις: faith, faithfulness; the persevering trust the parable commends. The article may point to 'the faith' as such.
ἐπὶonpreposition + gen. (location)ἐπί + gen.: on, upon.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπίγῆ: earth, land.
9

Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ πρός τινας τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς ὅτι εἰσὶν δίκαιοι καὶ ἐξουθενοῦντας τοὺς λοιποὺς τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην·

And he also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and despised the rest:

Parable introduction (audience targeted)δέThe target is named in advance: self-trusting self-righteousness that holds others in contempt — the two perfect/present participles diagnose the disease.
Εἶπενhe toldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say, tell.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial (adjunctive)καί: 'also.'
πρόςtopreposition + acc. (toward, addressing)πρός + acc.: to, toward.
τιναςsomeAccusativeobject of πρόςτις: indefinite, 'some.'
τοὺςthe onesAccusativearticle substantivizing the participles
πεποιθόταςhaving trustedPerf Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · πείθωattributive ptc. modifying τινας→ intensive perfect (settled confidence)πείθω (perf. πέποιθα): to be confident, trust; here misplaced self-reliance.
ἐφ’inpreposition + dat. (basis of trust)ἐπί + dat.: 'on, in,' the ground of confidence.
ἑαυτοῖςthemselvesDativeobject of ἐπί (reflexive)ἑαυτοῦ: reflexive.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of their confidence)ὅτι: 'that.'
εἰσὶνthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of content clause→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
δίκαιοιrighteousNominativepredicate nominativeδίκαιος: righteous, just; their self-assessment, contrast δεδικαιωμένος v.14.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξουθενοῦνταςdespisingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἐξουθενέωattributive ptc. (coordinate with πεποιθότας)→ imperfective (habitual)ἐξουθενέω: to despise, treat as nothing, count worthless.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with λοιπούς
λοιποὺςrestAccusativedirect object of ἐξουθενοῦνταςλοιπός: remaining, the rest, others.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with παραβολήν
παραβολὴνparableAccusativedirect object of Εἶπενπαραβολή: parable.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative modifying παραβολήνοὗτος: this.
10

Ἄνθρωποι δύο ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν προσεύξασθαι, ὁ εἷς Φαρισαῖος καὶ ὁ ἕτερος τελώνης.

"Two men went up into the temple to pray, the one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector.

Parable: the two charactersasyndetonThe contrast is set: a Pharisee (paragon of piety) and a tax collector (byword for sin), both 'going up' to the temple to pray.
ἌνθρωποιmenNominativesubject of ἀνέβησανἄνθρωπος: man, person.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral modifying Ἄνθρωποιδύο: two (indeclinable in oblique, here nom.).
ἀνέβησανwent upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristἀναβαίνω: go up, ascend; the temple-mount idiom.
εἰςintopreposition + acc. (goal)
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ἱερόν
ἱερὸνtempleAccusativeobject of εἰςἱερόν: temple (the whole precinct).
προσεύξασθαιto prayAor Mid Inf · προσεύχομαιinfinitive of purpose→ punctiliar aoristπροσεύχομαι: to pray.
theNominativearticle with εἷς
εἷςoneNominativeappositional subject ('the one')εἷς: one.
Φαρισαῖοςa PhariseeNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition)Φαρισαῖος: Pharisee, member of the strict separatist party.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with ἕτερος
ἕτεροςotherNominativeappositional subject ('the other')ἕτερος: the other (of two).
τελώνηςa tax collectorNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition)τελώνης: tax-farmer, collector; despised as a collaborator and extortioner.
11

ὁ Φαρισαῖος σταθεὶς πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ταῦτα προσηύχετο· Ὁ θεός, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὥσπερ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἅρπαγες, ἄδικοι, μοιχοί, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης·

The Pharisee, standing by himself, prayed thus: 'God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of men — robbers, unrighteous, adulterers — or even like this tax collector.

Parable: the Pharisee's prayerasyndetonA prayer of comparison, not petition: thanksgiving that he is unlike others, the tax collector singled out for contempt. πρὸς ἑαυτόν may mean 'by himself' or 'to himself' (see notes).
theNominativearticle with Φαρισαῖος
ΦαρισαῖοςPhariseeNominativesubject of προσηύχετοΦαρισαῖος: Pharisee.
σταθεὶςstandingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἵστημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aorist (took his stand)ἵστημι (pass. 'stand'): the customary upright posture of prayer; here a self-conscious stance.
πρὸςbypreposition + acc. (with ἑαυτόν)πρὸς ἑαυτόν: 'by/to himself'; construal disputed (see notes).
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativeobject of πρός (reflexive)ἑαυτοῦ: reflexive.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object (cognate) of προσηύχετοοὗτος: this.
προσηύχετοhe was prayingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ descriptive imperfectπροσεύχομαι: to pray.
ONominativearticle with θεός (nom. for voc.)
θεόςGodNominativenominative of address (vocatival)θεός: God; ὁ θεός as address.
εὐχαριστῶI give thanksPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εὐχαριστέωmain verb→ performative presentεὐχαριστέω: to give thanks — but here thanks for self, not grace.
σοιto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content/cause)ὅτι: 'that, because.'
οὐκnotnegative with indicative
εἰμὶI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of content clause→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
ὥσπερlikecomparative particleὥσπερ: just as, like.
οἱtheNominativearticle with λοιποί
λοιποὶrestNominativepredicate (object of comparison)λοιπός: the rest, others.
τῶνofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitivepartitive genitiveἄνθρωπος: man.
ἅρπαγεςrobbersNominativeapposition to λοιποίἅρπαξ: rapacious, swindler, robber.
ἄδικοιunrighteousNominativeapposition to λοιποίἄδικος: unjust, unrighteous.
μοιχοίadulterersNominativeapposition to λοιποίμοιχός: adulterer.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: or.
καὶevenadverbial (ascensive)καί: 'even.'
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: as, like.
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative (object of comparison)οὗτος: this (one) — contemptuous deixis.
theNominativearticle with τελώνης
τελώνηςtax collectorNominativeapposition to οὗτοςτελώνης: tax collector.
12

νηστεύω δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου, ἀποδεκατῶ πάντα ὅσα κτῶμαι.

I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all that I get.'

Parable: the Pharisee's meritsasyndetonSupererogatory works — fasting beyond the law's one annual fast, tithing even on what he buys — paraded as the basis of standing.
νηστεύωI fastPres Act Indic 1 Sg · νηστεύωmain verb→ customary presentνηστεύω: to fast; the Law required only the Day of Atonement fast.
δὶςtwiceadverb of frequencyδίς: twice.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with σαββάτου
σαββάτουweekGenitivegenitive of time (within which)σάββατον: Sabbath; here 'week' (twice per week).
ἀποδεκατῶI tithePres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποδεκατόωmain verb→ customary presentἀποδεκατόω: to give/pay a tenth, tithe.
πάνταallAccusativedirect objectπᾶς: all, everything.
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of κτῶμαι)ὅσος: as much/many as.
κτῶμαιI acquirePres Mid Indic 1 Sg · κτάομαιverb of relative clause→ customary presentκτάομαι: to acquire, get, gain — tithing even on purchases, beyond what was required.
13

ὁ δὲ τελώνης μακρόθεν ἑστὼς οὐκ ἤθελεν οὐδὲ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπᾶραι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ἀλλ’ ἔτυπτεν τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ λέγων· Ὁ θεός, ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ.

But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but was beating his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, the sinner!'

Parable: the tax collector's prayerδέPosture and plea reverse the Pharisee: distance, downcast eyes, beaten breast, and the cry ἱλάσθητι — 'let atonement be made for me,' the article τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ owning the title 'the sinner.'
theNominativearticle with τελώνης
δὲbutadversative conjunctionδέ: marking the contrast.
τελώνηςtax collectorNominativesubject of ἤθελεντελώνης: tax collector.
μακρόθενfar offadverb of placeμακρόθεν: from afar, at a distance.
ἑστὼςstandingPerf Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἵστημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ intensive perfect (standing posture)ἵστημι (perf. = present sense 'stand'): standing, but at a distance.
οὐκnotnegative with indicative
ἤθελενhe was willingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ descriptive imperfectθέλω: to wish, dare; 'would not even.'
οὐδὲnot evennegative adverb (ascensive)οὐδέ: not even.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ὀφθαλμούς
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesAccusativedirect object of ἐπᾶραιὀφθαλμός: eye.
ἐπᾶραιto lift upAor Act Inf · ἐπαίρωcomplementary infinitive after ἤθελεν→ punctiliar aoristἐπαίρω: to raise, lift up.
εἰςtopreposition + acc. (direction)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with οὐρανόν
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativeobject of εἰςοὐρανός: heaven, sky.
ἀλλ’butstrong adversative conjunctionἀλλά: but, rather.
ἔτυπτενhe was beatingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · τύπτωmain verb→ iterative imperfect (kept beating)τύπτω: to strike, beat; a gesture of grief and contrition.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with στῆθος
στῆθοςbreastAccusativedirect objectστῆθος: chest, breast.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces the prayer.
ONominativearticle with θεός (nom. for voc.)
θεόςGodNominativenominative of addressθεός: God.
ἱλάσθητίbe propitiousAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · ἱλάσκομαιimperative (petition)→ ingressive aorist (act of atonement)ἱλάσκομαι: 'be propitiated/make atonement'; not mere 'be kind' but 'let atonement cover me' — cultic, evoking the temple sacrifice he stands near.
μοιto meDativedative of advantage/reference
τῷtheDativearticle with ἁμαρτωλῷ
ἁμαρτωλῷsinnerDativeapposition to μοι (the article = 'the sinner')ἁμαρτωλός: sinner; the article owns it — 'me, the sinner [par excellence],' the very opposite of the Pharisee's self-acquittal.
14

λέγω ὑμῖν, κατέβη οὗτος δεδικαιωμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ παρ’ ἐκεῖνον· ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν ταπεινωθήσεται, ὁ δὲ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται.

I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted."

Application: verdict and reversal maximasyndetonThe shocking verdict — the tax collector, not the Pharisee, is δεδικαιωμένος ('justified,' declared right with God) — is grounded in the Lukan reversal maxim of the exalted and the humbled (cf. 14:11).
λέγωI tellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative presentλέγω: solemn declaration.
ὑμῖνyouDativeindirect object
κατέβηwent downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristκαταβαίνω: go down, descend (from the temple-mount).
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject of κατέβηοὗτος: this (one) — the tax collector.
δεδικαιωμένοςjustifiedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · δικαιόωpredicate ptc. (resultant state)→ intensive/resultative perfect (in a settled state of acquittal)δικαιόω: to declare/treat as righteous, acquit; the divine-passive perfect — God has pronounced him righteous, the Pauline forensic sense anticipated in narrative.
εἰςtopreposition + acc. (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with οἶκον
οἶκονhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἶκος: house, home.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
παρ’rather thanpreposition + acc. (comparative)παρά + acc.: here comparative, 'rather than, more than.'
ἐκεῖνονthat oneAccusativeobject of παρά (the Pharisee)ἐκεῖνος: that one — the Pharisee.
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for.'
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with substantival ptc.)πᾶς: every, all.
the oneNominativearticle substantivizing ὑψῶν
ὑψῶνexaltingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὑψόωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ imperfective (habitual)ὑψόω: to lift up, exalt.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativedirect object (reflexive)ἑαυτοῦ: reflexive.
ταπεινωθήσεταιwill be humbledFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ταπεινόωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future (divine passive)ταπεινόω: to humble, abase; the passive points to God as agent.
the oneNominativearticle substantivizing ταπεινῶν
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ταπεινῶνhumblingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ταπεινόωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ imperfective (habitual)ταπεινόω: to humble.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativedirect object (reflexive)ἑαυτοῦ: reflexive.
ὑψωθήσεταιwill be exaltedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑψόωmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)ὑψόω: to exalt; God exalts the self-humbling.
15

Προσέφερον δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ βρέφη ἵνα αὐτῶν ἅπτηται· ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐπετίμων αὐτοῖς.

And they were bringing even their infants to him, that he might touch them; but when the disciples saw it, they rebuked them.

Narrative episodeδέβρέφη ('infants,' Luke's word) heightens the scene; the disciples' rebuke sets up Jesus' correction.
Προσέφερονthey were bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb→ iterative imperfect (kept bringing)προσφέρω: to bring to, offer.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
καὶevenadverbial (ascensive)καί: 'even.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle with βρέφη
βρέφηinfantsAccusativedirect object of Προσέφερονβρέφος: baby, infant; even nursing children.
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)ἵνα: + subjunctive, purpose.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἅπτηται
ἅπτηταιhe might touchPres Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἅπτωverb of purpose clause→ imperfective subj.ἅπτομαι: to touch, take hold of (+ gen.); a blessing-touch.
ἰδόντεςhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωtemporal ptc. ('when they saw')→ antecedent aoristὁράω: to see, perceive.
δὲbutadversative conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with μαθηταί
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject of ἐπετίμωνμαθητής: disciple, learner.
ἐπετίμωνthey were rebukingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ iterative/inceptive imperfectἐπιτιμάω: to rebuke, censure (+ dat.).
αὐτοῖςthemDativeobject of ἐπετίμων
16

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς προσεκαλέσατο αὐτὰ λέγων· Ἄφετε τὰ παιδία ἔρχεσθαι πρός με καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά, τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.

But Jesus called them to him, saying, "Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God.

Dominical correctionδέJesus reverses the rebuke: the kingdom belongs τῶν τοιούτων — to those characterized by childlike dependence.
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of προσεκαλέσατοἸησοῦς: Jesus.
προσεκαλέσατοcalled to himselfAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσκαλέωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristπροσκαλέομαι: to summon, call to oneself.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the infants)
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces speech.
ἌφετεpermitAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀφίημιimperative→ ingressive aoristἀφίημι: to let, permit, allow.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with παιδία
παιδίαchildrenAccusativeaccusative subject of ἔρχεσθαιπαιδίον: little child, infant.
ἔρχεσθαιto comePres Mid Inf · ἔρχομαιcomplementary infinitive after Ἄφετε→ imperfectiveἔρχομαι: to come.
πρόςtopreposition + acc.
μεmeAccusativeobject of πρός
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative with imperative
κωλύετεhinderPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κωλύωprohibition→ imperfective (stop/do not keep hindering)κωλύω: to hinder, prevent, forbid.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with τοιούτων
γὰρforcausal conjunctionγάρ: for, because.
τοιούτωνsuchGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate)τοιοῦτος: such, of this kind.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
theNominativearticle with βασιλεία
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubject of ἐστίνβασιλεία: kingdom, reign, rule.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveθεός: God.
17

ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτήν.

Truly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it at all."

Dominical maximasyndetonThe kingdom is received, not achieved; a child's empty-handed dependence is the only mode of entry — οὐ μή the strongest denial.
ἀμὴνtrulyasseverative particleἀμήν: 'truly'; transliterated Hebrew, Jesus' solemn affirmation.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative presentλέγω: say.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject, indefinite)ὅς ἄν: 'whoever.'
ἂνevermodal particle (indefinite relative)ἄν: contingency particle.
μὴnotnegative with subjunctive
δέξηταιreceivesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · δέχομαιverb of relative clause→ punctiliar aorist subj.δέχομαι: to receive, welcome, accept.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with βασιλείαν
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativedirect object of δέξηταιβασιλεία: kingdom.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God.
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
παιδίονa childNominativenominative of comparison (subject of implied verb)παιδίον: little child; the model of receptive trust (or, as obj., 'as [one receives] a child').
οὐsurely notemphatic negation (with μή)οὐ μή: emphatic denial + subj.
μὴnotemphatic negation (with οὐ)
εἰσέλθῃshall enterAor Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive of emphatic denial→ punctiliar aoristεἰσέρχομαι: to enter, go in.
εἰςintopreposition + acc.
αὐτήνitAccusativeobject of εἰς (the kingdom)
18

Καὶ ἐπηρώτησέν τις αὐτὸν ἄρχων λέγων· Διδάσκαλε ἀγαθέ, τί ποιήσας ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω;

And a certain ruler asked him, saying, "Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?"

Narrative episode (the inquiry)καίThe ruler's question assumes life is earned 'by doing'; 'Good Teacher' becomes the hinge of Jesus' reply.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπηρώτησένaskedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristἐπερωτάω: to ask, question, interrogate.
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite adj. with ἄρχωντις: a certain.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἄρχωνrulerNominativesubject of ἐπηρώτησενἄρχων: ruler, official; perhaps a synagogue or council leader.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces speech.
ΔιδάσκαλεTeacherVocativevocative of addressδιδάσκαλος: teacher; the rabbinic form of address.
ἀγαθέgoodVocativeattributive adj. (vocative)ἀγαθός: good; the adjective Jesus will probe.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object of ποιήσας)τίς: interrogative 'what.'
ποιήσαςhaving doneAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωcircumstantial ptc. of means→ antecedent aoristποιέω: to do, make; 'by doing what.'
ζωὴνlifeAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσωζωή: life.
αἰώνιονeternalAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ζωήναἰώνιος: eternal, age-long; the life of the coming age.
κληρονομήσωshall I inheritFut Act Indic 1 Sg · κληρονομέωmain verb of question→ deliberative futureκληρονομέω: to inherit, obtain as a portion.
19

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός.

And Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone.

Dominical counter-questionδέJesus presses the casual epithet: 'good' belongs properly to God — not denying his own goodness but forcing the ruler to weigh what he has just said.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ΤίwhyAccusativeinterrogative (adverbial acc.)τίς: 'why' (accusative of respect).
μεmeAccusativedirect object of λέγεις
λέγειςdo you callPres Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωverb of question→ imperfectiveλέγω: to say, call.
ἀγαθόνgoodAccusativeobject complement (predicate acc.)ἀγαθός: good.
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject (with implied ἐστίν)οὐδείς: no one, none.
ἀγαθὸςgoodNominativepredicate nominativeἀγαθός: good.
εἰexceptexceptive (εἰ μή)εἰ μή: 'except, if not.'
μὴnotexceptive (with εἰ)
εἷςoneNominativepredicate / apposition (alone)εἷς: one; 'one alone.'
theNominativearticle with θεός
θεόςGodNominativeapposition to εἷςθεός: God; cf. the Shema, 'God is one.'
20

τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας· Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα.

You know the commandments: 'Do not commit adultery, Do not murder, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honor your father and mother.'"

Dominical citation (the Decalogue)asyndetonJesus cites the second-table commandments (interpersonal duties), the public arena the ruler can claim to have kept.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with ἐντολάς
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of οἶδαςἐντολή: commandment, precept.
οἶδαςyou knowPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect with present sense (settled knowledge)οἶδα: to know (perfect form, present meaning).
Μὴnotnegative with subjunctive (prohibition)μή: prohibition.
μοιχεύσῃςyou shall commit adulteryAor Act Subj 2 Sg · μοιχεύωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist prohibition (do not even begin)μοιχεύω: to commit adultery (Exod 20:14).
Μὴnotnegative with subjunctive
φονεύσῃςyou shall murderAor Act Subj 2 Sg · φονεύωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist prohibitionφονεύω: to murder, kill (Exod 20:13).
Μὴnotnegative with subjunctive
κλέψῃςyou shall stealAor Act Subj 2 Sg · κλέπτωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist prohibitionκλέπτω: to steal (Exod 20:15).
Μὴnotnegative with subjunctive
ψευδομαρτυρήσῃςyou shall bear false witnessAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ψευδομαρτυρέωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist prohibitionψευδομαρτυρέω: to give false testimony (Exod 20:16).
ΤίμαhonorPres Act Impv 2 Sg · τιμάωimperative (positive command)→ imperfective (ongoing duty)τιμάω: to honor, value (Exod 20:12).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with πατέρα
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect object of Τίμαπατήρ: father.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with μητέρα
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of Τίμαμήτηρ: mother.
21

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Ταῦτα πάντα ἐφύλαξα ἐκ νεότητος.

And he said, "All these I have kept from my youth."

The ruler's replyδέThe claim is sincere but superficial — he measures himself by the outward letter and finds himself complete.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
Ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἐφύλαξαοὗτος: this.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective modifying Ταῦταπᾶς: all.
ἐφύλαξαI keptAor Act Indic 1 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb→ constative aorist (summing up a life)φυλάσσω: to guard, keep, observe.
ἐκfrompreposition + gen. (time-source)ἐκ + gen.: from, since.
νεότητοςyouthGenitiveobject of ἐκνεότης: youth, early life.
22

ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει· πάντα ὅσα ἔχεις πώλησον καὶ διάδος πτωχοῖς, καὶ ἕξεις θησαυρὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι.

When Jesus heard this, he said to him, "One thing you still lack. Sell all that you have and distribute to the poor, and you will have treasure in the heavens; and come, follow me."

Dominical demandδέThe 'one thing lacking' exposes the first commandment behind the second table: undivided allegiance — wealth surrendered, treasure relocated, Jesus followed.
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωtemporal ptc. ('when he heard')→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: to hear.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἔτιstilladverb of timeἔτι: still, yet.
ἕνone thingNominativesubject of λείπειεἷς: one.
σοιto youDativedative of reference/disadvantage
λείπειis lackingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λείπωmain verb→ stative presentλείπω: to lack, fall short, leave.
πάνταallAccusativedirect object of πώλησον (fronted)πᾶς: all.
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔχεις)ὅσος: as much as.
ἔχειςyou havePres Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔχωverb of relative clause→ stative presentἔχω: to have, hold.
πώλησονsellAor Act Impv 2 Sg · πωλέωimperative→ ingressive aorist (decisive act)πωλέω: to sell.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διάδοςdistributeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · διαδίδωμιimperative→ ingressive aoristδιαδίδωμι: to distribute, give out.
πτωχοῖςto the poorDativeindirect objectπτωχός: poor, destitute.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (result)
ἕξειςyou will haveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔχωmain verb (promise)→ predictive futureἔχω: to have.
θησαυρὸνtreasureAccusativedirect objectθησαυρός: treasure, store.
ἐνinpreposition + dat. (location)
τοῖςtheDativearticle with οὐρανοῖς
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐνοὐρανός: heaven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δεῦροcomeadverb used as imperative ('come!')δεῦρο: 'come here!'; hortatory adverb.
ἀκολούθειfollowPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκολουθέωimperative→ imperfective (ongoing discipleship)ἀκολουθέω: to follow (+ dat.); discipleship.
μοιmeDativeobject of ἀκολούθει
23

ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας ταῦτα περίλυπος ἐγενήθη, ἦν γὰρ πλούσιος σφόδρα.

But when he heard these things, he became very sad, for he was extremely rich.

The ruler's griefδέHis wealth, not his morality, is the obstacle; περίλυπος ('deeply grieved') and the γάρ-clause name the idol he cannot leave.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωtemporal ptc. ('when he heard')→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: to hear.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσαςοὗτος: this.
περίλυποςvery sadNominativepredicate nominativeπερίλυπος: deeply grieved, sorrowful all around.
ἐγενήθηhe becameAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: to become, come to be.
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of causal clause→ stative imperfectεἰμί: to be.
γὰρforcausal conjunctionγάρ: for.
πλούσιοςrichNominativepredicate nominativeπλούσιος: rich, wealthy.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degreeσφόδρα: very, exceedingly.
24

Ἰδὼν δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς περίλυπον γενόμενον εἶπεν· Πῶς δυσκόλως οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσπορεύονται·

Jesus, seeing that he had become very sad, said, "How difficult it is for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!

Dominical commentδέThe ruler's case becomes a general principle: riches make kingdom-entry hard, an exclamation (Πῶς δυσκόλως) of difficulty.
Ἰδὼνhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωtemporal ptc. ('when he saw')→ antecedent aoristὁράω: to see, perceive.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of γενόμενον
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
περίλυπονvery sadAccusativepredicate accusative (object complement)περίλυπος: deeply grieved.
γενόμενονhaving becomeAor Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · γίνομαιptc. in indirect discourse (after Ἰδών)→ antecedent aoristγίνομαι: to become.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
Πῶςhowinterrogative/exclamatory adverbπῶς: how; here exclamatory.
δυσκόλωςwith difficultyadverb of mannerδυσκόλως: with difficulty, hardly.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle substantivizing ἔχοντες
τὰtheAccusativearticle with χρήματα
χρήματαwealthAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντεςχρῆμα: money, property, wealth (usually plural).
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ imperfectiveἔχω: to have, possess.
εἰςintopreposition + acc. (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with βασιλείαν
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: kingdom.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God.
εἰσπορεύονταιenterPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb→ imperfective (gnomic)εἰσπορεύομαι: to enter, go in.
25

εὐκοπώτερον γάρ ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος βελόνης εἰσελθεῖν ἢ πλούσιον εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν.

For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God."

Grounding hyperboleγάρThe proverbial impossibility — the largest beast through the smallest aperture — drives home the point: by human means, the rich cannot enter at all.
εὐκοπώτερονeasierNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)εὔκοπος: easy; comparative 'easier.'
γάρforcausal conjunctionγάρ: for.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (impersonal)→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
κάμηλονa camelAccusativeaccusative subject of εἰσελθεῖνκάμηλος: camel; the largest animal in Palestine.
διὰthroughpreposition + gen. (passage through)διά + gen.: through.
τρήματοςeyeGenitiveobject of διάτρῆμα: hole, perforation, the 'eye' of a needle.
βελόνηςof a needleGenitivegenitive of (the eye belonging to)βελόνη: needle (a surgical/sewing needle; Luke's precise word).
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive subject of ἐστίν→ punctiliar aoristεἰσέρχομαι: to enter, go in/through.
thancomparative conjunction (after εὐκοπώτερον)ἤ: than (in comparison).
πλούσιονa rich manAccusativeaccusative subject of second εἰσελθεῖνπλούσιος: rich (man).
εἰςintopreposition + acc.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with βασιλείαν
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: kingdom.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God.
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive (second member of comparison)→ punctiliar aoristεἰσέρχομαι: to enter.
26

εἶπαν δὲ οἱ ἀκούσαντες· Καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι;

Those who heard it said, "Then who can be saved?"

The hearers' objectionδέIf the rich (commonly thought blessed by God) cannot be saved, salvation seems closed to all — the question exposes the universal human impossibility.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπαν): to say.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
οἱthe onesNominativearticle substantivizing ἀκούσαντες
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: to hear.
Καὶthenconjunction (inferential in question)καί: 'and then'; introduces a surprised question.
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative subjectτίς: who?
δύναταιis ablePres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb of question→ stative presentδύναμαι: to be able, can.
σωθῆναιto be savedAor Pass Inf · σῴζωcomplementary infinitive→ punctiliar aoristσῴζω: to save, rescue, deliver.
27

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Τὰ ἀδύνατα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ἐστιν.

But he said, "What is impossible with men is possible with God."

Dominical resolutionδέSalvation is reframed from human achievement to divine gift: what is closed to human power is open to God (echoing Gen 18:14).
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲbutadversative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
Τὰthe thingsNominativearticle substantivizing ἀδύνατα
ἀδύναταimpossibleNominativesubject (substantival adj.)ἀδύνατος: impossible, powerless.
παρὰwithpreposition + dat. (in the sphere/judgment of)παρά + dat.: 'with, in the presence/estimation of.'
ἀνθρώποιςmenDativeobject of παράἄνθρωπος: man, human.
δυνατὰpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: possible, able, powerful.
παρὰwithpreposition + dat.
τῷtheDativearticle with θεῷ
θεῷGodDativeobject of παράθεός: God.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
28

Εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος· Ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἀφέντες τὰ ἴδια ἠκολουθήσαμέν σοι.

And Peter said, "See, we have left our own things and followed you."

Peter's claimδέPeter contrasts the disciples with the ruler: they did what he would not — 'left our own.' This opens Jesus' promise of reward.
ΕἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
theNominativearticle with Πέτρος
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject of ΕἶπενΠέτρος: Peter, spokesman of the Twelve.
Ἰδοὺbeholddemonstrative particleἰδού: 'look! behold!'; attention-marker.
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)ἡμεῖς: we (emphatic).
ἀφέντεςhaving leftAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀφίημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristἀφίημι: to leave, let go, forsake.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἴδια
ἴδιαown thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀφέντεςἴδιος: one's own; τὰ ἴδια = our own possessions/homes.
ἠκολουθήσαμένwe followedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω: to follow (+ dat.).
σοιyouDativeobject of ἠκολουθήσαμεν
29

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐδείς ἐστιν ὃς ἀφῆκεν οἰκίαν ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἀδελφοὺς ἢ γονεῖς ἢ τέκνα ἕνεκεν τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ,

And he said to them, "Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God,

Dominical promise (protasis)δέThe renunciation list is comprehensive — home and every kin-tie — but qualified: 'for the sake of the kingdom of God,' not for asceticism's own sake.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Ἀμὴνtrulyasseverative particleἀμήν: truly.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ performative presentλέγω: say.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)ὅτι: 'that.'
οὐδείςno oneNominativesubject of ἐστινοὐδείς: no one.
ἐστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of existence→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἀφῆκεν)ὅς: who, which.
ἀφῆκενleftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀφίημι: to leave, forsake.
οἰκίανhouseAccusativedirect object of ἀφῆκενοἰκία: house, household.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: or.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect objectγυνή: wife, woman.
ordisjunctive conjunction
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativedirect objectἀδελφός: brother, sibling.
ordisjunctive conjunction
γονεῖςparentsAccusativedirect objectγονεύς: parent.
ordisjunctive conjunction
τέκναchildrenAccusativedirect objectτέκνον: child.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofimproper preposition + gen. (cause/purpose)ἕνεκεν: on account of, for the sake of.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with βασιλείας
βασιλείαςkingdomGenitiveobject of ἕνεκενβασιλεία: kingdom.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God.
30

ὃς οὐχὶ μὴ ἀπολάβῃ πολλαπλασίονα ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζωὴν αἰώνιον.

who will not receive many times more in this time, and in the age to come eternal life."

Dominical promise (apodosis)asyndetonThe reward is two-fold and certain (οὐχὶ μή, strongest denial of the negative): manifold recompense now and eternal life in the coming age.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)ὅς: who.
οὐχὶsurely notemphatic negation (with μή)οὐχὶ μή: emphatic double negative — strongest denial.
μὴnotemphatic negation (with οὐχί)
ἀπολάβῃwill receiveAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπολαμβάνωsubjunctive of emphatic denial→ punctiliar aoristἀπολαμβάνω: to receive (back), receive in full.
πολλαπλασίοναmany times moreAccusativedirect object of ἀπολάβῃπολλαπλασίων: manifold, many times as much.
ἐνinpreposition + dat. (time)
τῷtheDativearticle with καιρῷ
καιρῷtimeDativeobject of ἐνκαιρός: time, season, opportune moment.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative modifying καιρῷοὗτος: this.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dat.
τῷtheDativearticle with αἰῶνι
αἰῶνιageDativeobject of ἐναἰών: age, epoch.
τῷtheDativearticle with ἐρχομένῳ
ἐρχομένῳcomingPres Mid Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιattributive ptc. modifying αἰῶνι→ imperfective (the age that is coming)ἔρχομαι: to come; 'the coming age.'
ζωὴνlifeAccusativedirect object (second obj. of ἀπολάβῃ)ζωή: life.
αἰώνιονeternalAccusativeattributive adj. modifying ζωήναἰώνιος: eternal — answering the ruler's opening question (v.18).
31

Παραλαβὼν δὲ τοὺς δώδεκα εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἰδοὺ ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ τελεσθήσεται πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου·

And taking the Twelve aside, he said to them, "See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written through the prophets about the Son of Man will be accomplished.

Passion prediction (the program)δέThe third and fullest prediction: the journey to Jerusalem is the fulfilment of all prophetic Scripture concerning the Son of Man.
Παραλαβὼνhaving takenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · παραλαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aoristπαραλαμβάνω: to take along, take aside.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with δώδεκα
δώδεκαtwelveAccusativedirect object of Παραλαβώνδώδεκα: twelve (indeclinable numeral; here with article, = the Twelve).
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
πρὸςtopreposition + acc.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
Ἰδοὺbeholddemonstrative particleἰδού: 'look! behold!'
ἀναβαίνομενwe are going upPres Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ futuristic/progressive presentἀναβαίνω: to go up, ascend (to Jerusalem).
εἰςtopreposition + acc. (goal)
ἸερουσαλήμJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name with case force)Ἰερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem (indeclinable Semitic form; here accusative of goal).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τελεσθήσεταιwill be accomplishedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · τελέωmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)τελέω: to complete, fulfil, accomplish.
πάνταallNominativeadjective modifying τὰ γεγραμμέναπᾶς: all.
τὰthe thingsNominativearticle substantivizing γεγραμμένα
γεγραμμέναhaving been writtenPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Neut · γράφωsubstantival ptc. (subject of τελεσθήσεται)→ intensive perfect (the standing written record)γράφω: to write; τὰ γεγραμμένα = 'what stands written,' the Scriptures.
διὰthroughpreposition + gen. (agency/intermediary)διά + gen.: through, by means of.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with προφητῶν
προφητῶνprophetsGenitiveobject of διάπροφήτης: prophet.
τῷfor theDativearticle with υἱῷ
υἱῷSonDativedative of reference/advantage ('concerning the Son')υἱός: son; 'the Son of Man.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπου
ἀνθρώπουManGenitivegenitive in the title 'Son of Man'ἄνθρωπος: man; the Danielic title.
32

παραδοθήσεται γὰρ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἐμπαιχθήσεται καὶ ὑβρισθήσεται καὶ ἐμπτυσθήσεται,

For he will be handed over to the Gentiles and will be mocked and shamefully treated and spit upon,

Passion prediction (the suffering)γάρA chain of divine passives detailing the passion: handed over to Gentiles, then mocked, insulted, spat upon — Luke alone naming the Gentile role in this prediction.
παραδοθήσεταιhe will be handed overFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)παραδίδωμι: to hand over, deliver, betray.
γὰρforcausal/explanatory conjunctionγάρ: for.
τοῖςtheDativearticle with ἔθνεσιν
ἔθνεσινGentilesDativeindirect object (recipients)ἔθνος: nation, Gentile; here the Romans.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμπαιχθήσεταιhe will be mockedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπαίζωmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)ἐμπαίζω: to mock, ridicule.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὑβρισθήσεταιhe will be insultedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑβρίζωmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)ὑβρίζω: to treat insolently, mistreat, outrage.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμπτυσθήσεταιhe will be spit uponFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπτύωmain verb→ predictive future (divine passive)ἐμπτύω: to spit on/at (a sign of utmost contempt; cf. Isa 50:6).
33

καὶ μαστιγώσαντες ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτόν, καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ἀναστήσεται.

and after flogging him they will kill him, and on the third day he will rise."

Passion prediction (death and resurrection)καίThe climax: flogging, death, and on the third day resurrection — the passion sequence sealed with the vindication the disciples cannot yet grasp.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαστιγώσαντεςhaving floggedAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · μαστιγόωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent/means)→ antecedent aoristμαστιγόω: to flog, scourge, whip.
ἀποκτενοῦσινthey will killFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb→ predictive futureἀποκτείνω: to kill, put to death.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῇtheDativearticle with ἡμέρᾳ
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when)ἡμέρα: day.
τῇtheDativearticle with τρίτῃ
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adj. modifying ἡμέρᾳτρίτος: third.
ἀναστήσεταιhe will riseFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ predictive future (intransitive mid.)ἀνίστημι: (mid./intr.) to rise, stand up; of resurrection.
34

καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐδὲν τούτων συνῆκαν, καὶ ἦν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο κεκρυμμένον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἐγίνωσκον τὰ λεγόμενα.

But they understood none of these things; this saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was said.

Narrative comment (incomprehension)καίA threefold emphasis on the disciples' blindness — understood nothing, the saying hidden, did not grasp — framing the irony of the very next scene, where a blind man 'sees.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)αὐτός: he/they (emphatic).
οὐδὲνnothingAccusativedirect object of συνῆκανοὐδείς: nothing, none.
τούτωνof these thingsGenitivepartitive genitiveοὗτος: this.
συνῆκανthey understoodAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συνίημιmain verb→ constative aoristσυνίημι: to understand, comprehend, 'put together.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (periphrastic with κεκρυμμένον)→ stative imperfectεἰμί: to be.
τὸtheNominativearticle with ῥῆμα
ῥῆμαsayingNominativesubject of ἦν ... κεκρυμμένονῥῆμα: word, saying, matter.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative modifying ῥῆμαοὗτος: this.
κεκρυμμένονhiddenPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · κρύπτωperiphrastic ptc. (with ἦν)→ intensive perfect (in a hidden state, divine passive)κρύπτω: to hide, conceal; the saying was kept veiled from them.
ἀπ’frompreposition + gen. (separation)ἀπό + gen.: from.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative with indicative
ἐγίνωσκονthey graspedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · γινώσκωmain verb→ durative imperfect (kept failing to grasp)γινώσκω: to know, perceive, understand.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle substantivizing λεγόμενα
λεγόμεναbeing saidPres Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · λέγωsubstantival ptc. (object of ἐγίνωσκον)→ imperfectiveλέγω: to say; τὰ λεγόμενα = 'the things being said.'
35

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰεριχὼ τυφλός τις ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπαιτῶν.

And it happened, as he drew near to Jericho, that a certain blind man was sitting by the road, begging.

Narrative onset (new scene)δέA Septuagintal ἐγένετο-construction opens the Jericho episode; the blind beggar by the road sets up the contrast with the disciples who could not see (v.34).
Ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (impersonal narrative)→ punctiliar aoristγίνομαι: to become, happen; the Lukan ἐγένετο-formula.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἐνaspreposition + dat. (articular inf., temporal)ἐν τῷ + inf.: 'while, as.'
τῷtheDativearticle with ἐγγίζειν
ἐγγίζεινdrawing nearPres Act Inf · ἐγγίζωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ imperfective (in the act of)ἐγγίζω: to draw near, approach.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
εἰςtopreposition + acc. (direction)
ἸεριχὼJerichoAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name, accusative force)Ἰεριχώ: Jericho (indeclinable; here accusative of goal). The last city before the ascent to Jerusalem.
τυφλόςblind manNominativesubject of ἐκάθητοτυφλός: blind (person).
τιςa certainNominativeindefinite adj. modifying τυφλόςτις: a certain.
ἐκάθητοwas sittingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb→ descriptive imperfectκάθημαι: to sit, be seated.
παρὰbypreposition + acc. (alongside)παρά + acc.: beside, alongside.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ὁδόν
ὁδὸνroadAccusativeobject of παράὁδός: road, way.
ἐπαιτῶνbeggingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπαιτέωcircumstantial ptc. of manner→ imperfective (continual)ἐπαιτέω: to beg, ask for alms.
36

ἀκούσας δὲ ὄχλου διαπορευομένου ἐπυνθάνετο τί εἴη τοῦτο.

And hearing a crowd going by, he inquired what this meant.

Narrative developmentδέDeprived of sight, the beggar perceives by hearing and asks — the first step of the faith that 'sees' Jesus.
ἀκούσαςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωtemporal ptc. ('when he heard')→ antecedent aoristἀκούω: to hear (+ gen. of thing heard).
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ὄχλουa crowdGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούσαςὄχλος: crowd, throng.
διαπορευομένουpassing throughPres Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · διαπορεύομαιattributive ptc. modifying ὄχλου→ imperfectiveδιαπορεύομαι: to pass through, go by.
ἐπυνθάνετοhe inquiredImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · πυνθάνομαιmain verb→ inceptive/iterative imperfectπυνθάνομαι: to inquire, ask, learn by asking.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative (predicate of εἴη)τίς: what?
εἴηmight bePres Act Opt 3 Sg · εἰμίoptative in indirect question→ potential optative (Lukan literary touch)εἰμί: to be; the optative in indirect discourse is a mark of Luke's classical style.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject of εἴηοὗτος: this.
37

ἀπήγγειλαν δὲ αὐτῷ ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος παρέρχεται.

And they told him, "Jesus of Nazareth is passing by."

Narrative responseδέThe crowd's identification ('the Nazarene') is the human label; the beggar will answer with a far higher title.
ἀπήγγειλανthey toldAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristἀπαγγέλλω: to report, announce, tell.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative/content)ὅτι: 'that'; here introducing quoted speech.
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of παρέρχεταιἸησοῦς: Jesus.
theNominativearticle with Ναζωραῖος
ΝαζωραῖοςNazareneNominativeapposition to ἸησοῦςΝαζωραῖος: Nazarene, of Nazareth.
παρέρχεταιis passing byPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιverb of content clause→ progressive presentπαρέρχομαι: to pass by, go past.
38

καὶ ἐβόησεν λέγων· Ἰησοῦ υἱὲ Δαυίδ, ἐλέησόν με.

And he cried out, saying, "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!"

The beggar's appealκαίThe cry confesses the messianic title 'Son of David' — true sight in the blind man, set against the disciples' incomprehension.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐβόησενhe cried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βοάωmain verb→ ingressive aoristβοάω: to cry out, shout (cf. the elect 'crying out,' v.7).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant manner (speech)→ imperfectiveλέγω: introduces speech.
ἸησοῦJesusVocativevocative of addressἸησοῦς: Jesus (voc. Ἰησοῦ).
υἱὲSonVocativevocative (in apposition)υἱός: son; the messianic 'Son of David.'
Δαυίδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying υἱέ)Δαυίδ: David (indeclinable, here genitive in sense). The messianic title.
ἐλέησόνhave mercy onAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐλεέωimperative (petition)→ ingressive aoristἐλεέω: to have mercy, show compassion.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
39

καὶ οἱ προάγοντες ἐπετίμων αὐτῷ ἵνα σιγήσῃ· αὐτὸς δὲ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν· Υἱὲ Δαυίδ, ἐλέησόν με.

And those who were in front rebuked him, that he should be silent; but he cried out all the more, "Son of David, have mercy on me!"

Obstacle and persistenceκαίLike the widow, the beggar will not be silenced; the crowd's rebuke only intensifies his cry — persevering faith in action.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱthe onesNominativearticle substantivizing προάγοντες
προάγοντεςgoing aheadPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προάγωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ imperfectiveπροάγω: to go before, lead the way; those at the front of the procession.
ἐπετίμωνrebukedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ iterative imperfect (kept rebuking)ἐπιτιμάω: to rebuke, sternly warn (+ dat.).
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἐπετίμων
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose/content)ἵνα: + subjunctive.
σιγήσῃhe be silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · σιγάωverb of purpose/content clause→ ingressive aorist subj.σιγάω: to be silent, keep quiet.
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic)αὐτός: he (emphatic, contrastive).
δὲbutadversative conjunction
πολλῷmuchDativedative of degree of differenceπολύς: much; πολλῷ μᾶλλον = 'much more.'
μᾶλλονmorecomparative adverbμᾶλλον: more, rather.
ἔκραζενhe was crying outImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κράζωmain verb→ iterative/intensive imperfectκράζω: to cry out, scream, call loudly.
ΥἱὲSonVocativevocative of addressυἱός: son.
Δαυίδof DavidGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying Υἱέ)Δαυίδ: David (indeclinable, genitive in sense).
ἐλέησόνhave mercy onAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐλεέωimperative (petition)→ ingressive aoristἐλεέω: to have mercy.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
40

σταθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν ἀχθῆναι πρὸς αὐτόν. ἐγγίσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτόν·

And Jesus stopped and ordered him to be brought to him. And when he came near, he asked him,

Jesus respondsδέJesus halts the whole procession for one blind beggar; the genitive absolute marks the approach, and the question invites the man to voice his faith.
σταθεὶςhaving stoppedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἵστημιcircumstantial ptc. (attendant)→ antecedent aorist (came to a stand)ἵστημι (pass. 'stand still'): to halt, stop.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of ἐκέλευσενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ἐκέλευσενorderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κελεύωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristκελεύω: to command, order.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of ἀχθῆναι
ἀχθῆναιto be broughtAor Pass Inf · ἄγωinfinitive of indirect command→ punctiliar aoristἄγω: to lead, bring.
πρὸςtopreposition + acc.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
ἐγγίσαντοςhaving come nearAor Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ἐγγίζωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἐγγίζω: to draw near, approach.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτοῦheGenitivesubject of the genitive absolute
ἐπηρώτησενhe askedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristἐπερωτάω: to ask, question.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
41

Τί σοι θέλεις ποιήσω; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Κύριε, ἵνα ἀναβλέψω.

"What do you want me to do for you?" He said, "Lord, let me recover my sight."

Request namedasyndetonJesus draws out the explicit petition; the man names Jesus 'Lord' and asks not for alms but for sight — ἀναβλέψω, 'to see again.'
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (object of ποιήσω)τίς: what?
σοιfor youDativedative of advantage
θέλειςdo you wantPres Act Indic 2 Sg · θέλωmain verb of question→ imperfectiveθέλω: to will, want, wish.
ποιήσωI should doAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ποιέωdeliberative subjunctive (object clause)→ punctiliar aorist subj.ποιέω: to do, make.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
ΚύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: Lord, sir; here more than courtesy — confession.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing the request (elliptical)ἵνα: + subjunctive; here the petition: 'that I might...'
ἀναβλέψωI may see againAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἀναβλέπωverb of the request clause→ ingressive aorist subj.ἀναβλέπω: to look up, recover sight, see again.
42

καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ἀνάβλεψον· ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε.

And Jesus said to him, "Recover your sight; your faith has saved you."

Word of healingκαίA bare word effects the cure; σέσωκεν ('has saved') reaches beyond eyesight to whole-person salvation — the faith the Son of Man does find (v.8).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject of εἶπενἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): to say.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἀνάβλεψονsee againAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀναβλέπωimperative (word of healing)→ ingressive aorist (receive sight now)ἀναβλέπω: to recover sight.
theNominativearticle with πίστις
πίστιςfaithNominativesubject of σέσωκενπίστις: faith, trust — the very thing in question at v.8.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
σέσωκένhas savedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb→ resultative perfect (a saving with abiding effect)σῴζω: to save, heal, make whole; the perfect stresses the lasting result.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
43

καὶ παραχρῆμα ἀνέβλεψεν, καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ δοξάζων τὸν θεόν. καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἰδὼν ἔδωκεν αἶνον τῷ θεῷ.

And immediately he recovered his sight and followed him, glorifying God. And all the people, when they saw it, gave praise to God.

Outcome and acclamationκαίThe healed man does what the rich ruler would not — follows Jesus — and his praise spreads to all the people, the chapter closing in doxology.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyadverb of timeπαραχρῆμα: at once, instantly (a Lukan favorite).
ἀνέβλεψενhe recovered sightAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβλέπωmain verb→ punctiliar aoristἀναβλέπω: to recover sight, see again.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠκολούθειhe followedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ inceptive imperfect (began following)ἀκολουθέω: to follow (+ dat.); discipleship — the response the ruler refused.
αὐτῷhimDativeobject of ἠκολούθει
δοξάζωνglorifyingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · δοξάζωcircumstantial ptc. of manner→ imperfectiveδοξάζω: to glorify, praise, honor.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θεόν
θεόνGodAccusativedirect object of δοξάζωνθεός: God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πᾶςallNominativeadjective modifying λαόςπᾶς: all.
theNominativearticle with λαός
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject of ἔδωκενλαός: people (often of God's people in Luke).
ἰδὼνhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωtemporal ptc. ('when they saw')→ antecedent aoristὁράω: to see, perceive.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ punctiliar aoristδίδωμι: to give.
αἶνονpraiseAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεναἶνος: praise; ἔδωκεν αἶνον = 'gave praise.'
τῷtoDativearticle with θεῷ
θεῷGodDativeindirect objectθεός: God.