independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The authority question — John's baptism as counter-dilemma 20:1–8
vv. 1–2 — the confrontation: the Sanhedrin demands credentials
1
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶνindependent — Lukan Septuagintal ἐγένετο-formula — one of the passion-week temple days
διδάσκοντος αὐτοῦ τὸν λαὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷparticipial — genitive absolute — the ongoing temple teaching as backdrop (19:47)
καὶ εὐαγγελιζομένουparticipial — second genitive absolute — εὐαγγελίζομαι, the Lukan kingdom-keyword
ἐπέστησαν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς σὺν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις,independent — ἐφίστημι — a sudden hostile standing-over; the three Sanhedrin groups together
2
καὶ εἶπαν λέγοντες πρὸς αὐτόν·independent — pleonastic εἶπαν λέγοντες — the Septuagintal 'said, saying'
Εἰπὸν ἡμῖνcontent — peremptory aorist imperative — the demand for credentials
ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς,content — indirect question — ἐξουσία, the chapter's first keyword; ταῦτα: the temple-cleansing and the teaching
ἢ τίς ἐστιν ὁ δούς σοι τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην;content — the second horn — source and giver both demanded; a human conferral assumed
vv. 3–4 — the counter-question
3
ἀποκριθεὶς δὲparticipial — Semitic 'answering' participle — leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — the rabbinic counter — question for question
Ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς κἀγὼ λόγον,content — emphatic κἀγώ — the dilemma about to be thrown back
καὶ εἴπατέ μοι·content — their own imperative (v. 2) returned to them
4
Τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων;content — the dilemma — 'from heaven,' the reverent circumlocution for God; John's verdict settles Jesus' own
vv. 5–6 — the inner deliberation: both horns fatal
5
οἱ δὲ συνελογίσαντο πρὸς ἑαυτοὺςindependent — συλλογίζομαι — they calculate together (whence 'syllogism')
λέγοντες ὅτιparticipial — speech-participle with recitative ὅτι — the deliberation overheard
Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν· Ἐξ οὐρανοῦ,conditional — first horn — the protasis with its embedded answer, leaning on ἐρεῖ
ἐρεῖ·content — the anticipated rejoinder
Διὰ τί οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ;content — the exposure they fear — unbelief toward the prophet they never dared judge
6
ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν· Ἐξ ἀνθρώπων,conditional — second horn — leaning on καταλιθάσει
ὁ λαὸς ἅπας καταλιθάσει ἡμᾶς,content — καταλιθάζω, a NT hapax — Luke alone makes the feared reprisal lethal
πεπεισμένος γάρ ἐστιν Ἰωάννην προφήτην εἶναι.cause — periphrastic perfect — a settled, abiding conviction
vv. 7–8 — evasion answered with refusal
7
καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν μὴ εἰδέναι πόθεν.independent — the guardians of Israel's teaching plead ignorance — a self-condemning evasion
8
καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the refusal-frame
Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ.content — οὐδὲ ἐγώ matches their evasion — yet the parable that follows answers the question in fact
The vineyard and the tenants — the beloved son and the stone 20:9–19
vv. 9–12 — the lease and the three sendings
9
Ἤρξατο δὲ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν λέγειν τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην·independent — ingressive ἤρξατο + infinitive — spoken to the people, aimed at the leaders (v. 19)
Ἄνθρωπός ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα,content — Isa 5:1–2 — Israel as God's vineyard; Luke prunes Mark's fence, vat, and tower
καὶ ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς,content — the lease — the tenants are Israel's entrusted leaders
καὶ ἀπεδήμησεν χρόνους ἱκανούς.content — χρόνους ἱκανούς — Luke's added note of long absence: the span of Israel's history
10
καὶ καιρῷ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τοὺς γεωργοὺς δοῦλον,content — the first sending — ἀποστέλλω, the verb of prophetic mission; καιρῷ, at vintage
ἵνα ἀπὸ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος δώσουσιν αὐτῷ·purpose — the errand — the owner's rightful share; future indicative in ἵνα, a Koine touch
οἱ δὲ γεωργοὶ ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν δείραντες κενόν.content — ἐξαπέστειλαν answers ἀπέστειλεν — the ironic counter-sending; κενόν, the rent refused
11
καὶ προσέθετο ἕτερον πέμψαι δοῦλον·content — προσέθετο + infinitive — the LXX Hebraism 'he added to send'
οἱ δὲ κἀκεῖνον δείραντες καὶ ἀτιμάσαντες ἐξαπέστειλαν κενόν.content — the escalation — ἀτιμάζω: insult now added to assault
12
καὶ προσέθετο τρίτον πέμψαι·content — the third sending — the Hebraism repeated
οἱ δὲ καὶ τοῦτον τραυματίσαντες ἐξέβαλον.content — τραυματίζω … ἐκβάλλω — the violence peaks short of murder, which is reserved for the son
vv. 13–15a — the beloved son: the owner's hope and the tenants' plot
13
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος·content — the soliloquy-frame — ὁ κύριος, in the allegory God himself
Τί ποιήσω;content — deliberative future — the τί ποιήσω of Luke's parable-soliloquies (12:17; 16:3)
πέμψω τὸν υἱόν μου τὸν ἀγαπητόν·content — ἀγαπητός — the baptism-and-transfiguration title (3:22; 9:35)
ἴσως τοῦτον ἐντραπήσονται.content — ἴσως, a NT hapax — the hope that misreads the tenants; τοῦτον fronted
14
ἰδόντες δὲ αὐτὸν οἱ γεωργοὶparticipial — preposed participle — the recognition before the plot; leans on διελογίζοντο
διελογίζοντο πρὸς ἀλλήλουςcontent — διαλογίζομαι — the tenants' deliberation mirrors the leaders' own (v. 5)
λέγοντες·participial — the plot-frame — inner speech one deeper
Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος·content — the recognition that damns — they know exactly who he is
ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτόν,content — hortatory plot — cf. Gen 37:20, Joseph's brothers
ἵνα ἡμῶν γένηται ἡ κληρονομία.purpose — the motive — ἡμῶν fronted: the inheritance seized
15
καὶ ἐκβαλόντες αὐτὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνοςparticipial — preposed participle — in Luke the expulsion precedes the killing (cf. Heb 13:12, death outside); leans on ἀπέκτειναν
ἀπέκτειναν.content — the parable's climax — one word
vv. 15b–18 — the verdict, the recoil, and the stone
τί οὖν ποιήσει αὐτοῖς ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος;content — Jesus asks the verdict-question himself (cf. Isa 5:4) — the owner's τί ποιήσω returns as τί ποιήσει
16
ἐλεύσεταιcontent — and answers it — the owner's visitation in judgment
καὶ ἀπολέσει τοὺς γεωργοὺς τούτους,content — the tenants destroyed
καὶ δώσει τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἄλλοις.content — ἄλλοις — new stewards, left unnamed: the allegory's open edge
ἀκούσαντες δὲparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπαν
εἶπαν·independent — the people's response — Luke alone records the recoil
Μὴ γένοιτο.content — volitive optative of horrified deprecation — elsewhere in the NT only Paul's; a full finite clause, not verbless
17
ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖςparticipial — ἐμβλέψας — the fixing gaze; leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν·independent — the citation-frame
Τί οὖν ἐστιν τὸ γεγραμμένον τοῦτο·content — the counter-question — if the verdict never falls, what can the Scripture mean?
Λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας;content — Ps 117:22 LXX — prolepsis: Λίθον drawn forward, resumed by οὗτος; the rejected son becomes the cornerstone
18
πᾶς ὁ πεσὼν ἐπ’ ἐκεῖνον τὸν λίθον συνθλασθήσεται·content — Luke's addition to the psalm — the stone of stumbling (Isa 8:14–15)
ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ,conditional — indefinite relative as virtual protasis (typed cnd) — leaning on λικμήσει
λικμήσει αὐτόν.content — λικμάω — the pulverizing Danielic stone (Dan 2:34–35, 44–45)
v. 19 — the hearers convict themselves
19
Καὶ ἐζήτησαν οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ,independent — the arrest attempted — ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ, at once
καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν λαόν·independent — adversative καί — popular favor restrains the leaders
ἔγνωσαν γὰρcause — the narrator's γάρ — the parable landed
ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην.content — πρὸς αὐτούς — told against them; they convict themselves
Caesar's coin — the spies and the tribute question 20:20–26
v. 20 — the trap set: spies for the governor
20
Καὶ παρατηρήσαντεςparticipial — παρατηρέω — surveillance, lying in wait; leans on ἀπέστειλαν
ἀπέστειλαν ἐγκαθέτουςindependent — ἐγκάθετος, a NT hapax — suborned agents; the parable's sending-verb now the plotters' own
ὑποκρινομένους ἑαυτοὺς δικαίους εἶναι,participial — attributive participle — ὑποκρίνομαι, the actor's verb: feigned sincerity
ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται αὐτοῦ λόγου,purpose — the verbal snare — ἐπιλαμβάνομαι + genitive
ὥστε παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος.purpose — ὥστε + infinitive, contemplated result (typed pur) — παραδοῦναι, the passion verb; ἐξουσία now Rome's
vv. 21–22 — the flattery and the dilemma
21
καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸνindependent — the approach
λέγοντες·participial — pleonastic speech-participle
Διδάσκαλε,phrase modifier — vocative of address — the respectful mask
οἴδαμενcontent — the flattery begins — and every word of it is accurate
ὅτι ὀρθῶς λέγεις καὶ διδάσκειςcontent — ὀρθῶς — the correctness they mean to weaponize
καὶ οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον,content — the Semitism — 'receive the face' = show partiality
ἀλλ’ ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ διδάσκεις·content — the positive counterpart — impartiality pressed toward political recklessness
22
ἔξεστιν ἡμᾶς Καίσαρι φόρον δοῦναι ἢ οὔ;content — the dilemma — φόρος, the Roman tribute: 'yes' loses the crowd, 'no' is treason
vv. 23–25 — the coin and the verdict
23
κατανοήσας δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν πανουργίανparticipial — preposed causal participle — πανουργία seen beneath the flattery; leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — Luke omits Mark's 'why do you test me?' — the reply goes straight to the coin
24
Δείξατέ μοι δηνάριον·content — the counter-move — the coin summoned; he carries none
τίνος ἔχει εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν;content — εἰκών and ἐπιγραφή — the argument's two hinges
οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the answer extracted
Καίσαρος.content — one word, verbless — their own mouths concede his sphere
25
ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — the verdict-frame
Τοίνυν ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαριcontent — τοίνυν draws the inference; ἀπόδοτε — give back what is owed: the coin bears his image
καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ.content — elliptical — the verb carried over; the unstated premise: what bears God's image (Gen 1:26) is owed to God
v. 26 — the trap fails
26
καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐπιλαβέσθαι αὐτοῦ ῥήματος ἐναντίον τοῦ λαοῦ,independent — the ἵνα of v. 20 frustrated — ἐναντίον τοῦ λαοῦ, the audience the plot required
καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἀποκρίσει αὐτοῦparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἐσίγησαν
ἐσίγησαν.independent — ingressive aorist — the first of the chapter's silencings (cf. v. 40)
The Sadducees and the resurrection — the God of the living 20:27–40
vv. 27–28 — the questioners and their Torah premise
27
Προσελθόντες δέ τινες τῶν Σαδδουκαίων,participial — preposed participle — the third delegation; leans on ἐπηρώτησαν
οἱ λέγοντες ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι,relative — articular participle as relative — the party defined by its denial (Acts 23:8)
ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸνindependent — the interrogation opens
28
λέγοντες·participial — pleonastic speech-participle — the frame for the riddle
Διδάσκαλε, Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν,content — Deut 25:5 (with Gen 38:8) — the levirate law, cited from the Torah they accept
ἐάν τινος ἀδελφὸς ἀποθάνῃ ἔχων γυναῖκα,conditional — protasis inside the citation — leaning on the ἵνα-apodosis below
καὶ οὗτος ἄτεκνος ᾖ,conditional — second protasis — ἄτεκνος, the line at risk
ἵνα λάβῃ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκαcontent — imperatival ἵνα as apodosis — the levir's duty
καὶ ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ.content — ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα — the LXX idiom: ironically a 'raising' verb inside an anti-resurrection argument
vv. 29–33 — the constructed case: seven brothers, one wife
29
ἑπτὰ οὖν ἀδελφοὶ ἦσαν·content — the hypothetical opens — οὖν applies the law to the contrived chain
καὶ ὁ πρῶτος λαβὼν γυναῖκα ἀπέθανεν ἄτεκνος·content — the first childless death — the internal participle kept in line
30
καὶ ὁ δεύτεροςcontent — elliptical — the verb gapped; the best text abbreviates against the Matthew/Mark assimilation
31
καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν,content — the pattern rolls on
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ οὐ κατέλιπον τέκναcontent — ὡσαύτως — the narration telescopes to the sum
καὶ ἀπέθανον.content — the chain closed
32
ὕστερον καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἀπέθανεν.content — the stage cleared for the punch
33
ἡ γυνὴ οὖν ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τίνος αὐτῶν γίνεται γυνή;content — the punch — resurrection presumed to mean resumed marriage
οἱ γὰρ ἑπτὰ ἔσχον αὐτὴν γυναῖκα.cause — the γάρ that presses the supposed absurdity
vv. 34–36 — the two ages: marriage belongs to this one
34
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς·independent — the answer begins
Οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου γαμοῦσιν καὶ γαμίσκονται,content — the two-age scheme — 'sons of this age,' a Semitism for those belonging to the present order
35
οἱ δὲ καταξιωθέντες τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐκείνου τυχεῖν καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίζονται·content — the antithesis — καταξιωθέντες: God's verdict of worthiness; the riddle's premise dissolves
36
οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀποθανεῖν ἔτι δύνανται,cause — the ground — deathless, so procreation and its institution lapse
ἰσάγγελοι γάρ εἰσιν,cause — ἰσάγγελος, a NT hapax — angel-like in deathlessness, not disembodiment
καὶ υἱοί εἰσιν θεοῦcause — coordinate ground — the sonship of the deathless
τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοὶ ὄντες.participial — causal participle — their divine sonship grounded in being raised
vv. 37–38 — Moses at the Bush: the God of the living
37
ὅτι δὲ ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί,phrase modifier — fronted content-topic with ὅτι — leans on ἐμήνυσεν
καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐμήνυσεν ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου,content — μηνύω — the Torah made to testify against its keepers; ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου read as a passage-locator ('at the Bush,' the section of Exodus)
ὡς λέγει κύριον τὸν θεὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ θεὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ θεὸν Ἰακώβ·comparative — Exod 3:6 — the covenant self-naming, present tense centuries after the patriarchs died
38
θεὸς δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων,content — the inference clinched — the covenant bond implies the patriarchs' life
πάντες γὰρ αὐτῷ ζῶσιν.cause — Luke's own widening — αὐτῷ, in God's reckoning; cf. 4 Macc 7:19
vv. 39–40 — commendation and silence
39
ἀποκριθέντες δέ τινες τῶν γραμματέωνparticipial — preposed participle — Pharisaic scribes applaud the rout of their Sadducean rivals; leans on εἶπαν
εἶπαν·independent — the commendation-frame
Διδάσκαλε, καλῶς εἶπας.content — καλῶς — an unexpected approval amid the controversies
40
οὐκέτι γὰρ ἐτόλμων ἐπερωτᾶν αὐτὸν οὐδέν.cause — the narrator's γάρ — all questioners silenced; the ground is cleared for Jesus to ask (v. 41)
David's son and David's Lord 20:41–44
41
Εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — Jesus becomes the questioner — the initiative reversed
Πῶς λέγουσιν τὸν Χριστὸν εἶναι Δαυὶδ υἱόν;content — the counter-riddle — the scribal formula true as far as it goes (cf. 18:38–39), but is it the whole truth?
42
αὐτὸς γὰρ Δαυὶδ λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν·content — the citation-frame — Luke names the βίβλος ψαλμῶν where Mark invokes the Spirit
Εἶπεν κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου·content — Ps 109:1 LXX (110:1 MT) — the two κύριοι set the riddle: YHWH speaks to David's Lord
Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μουcontent — the enthronement at the right hand — the position of honor and authority
43
ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου.conditional — temporal ἕως ἄν (typed cnd) — the subjugation awaited; ὑποπόδιον for Mark's ὑποκάτω, closer to the LXX
44
Δαυὶδ οὖν κύριον αὐτὸν καλεῖ,content — the premise restated — οὖν draws the inference
καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν;content — πῶς — in what sense his son? more than David's descendant; the riddle left standing
Beware of the scribes 20:45–47
45
Ἀκούοντος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦparticipial — genitive absolute — the exposure is public; leans on εἶπεν
εἶπεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ·independent — the warning-frame — disciples addressed, everyone meant to hear
46
Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν γραμματέωνcontent — προσέχετε ἀπό — guard against; the party that opened the chapter (v. 1) closes it under indictment
τῶν θελόντων περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖςparticipial — attributive participle — the paraded στολαί
καὶ φιλούντων ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖςparticipial — second attributive participle — φιλέω: the settled craving for public deference
καὶ πρωτοκαθεδρίας ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖςphrase modifier — second object of the loving — the front bench facing the congregation
καὶ πρωτοκλισίας ἐν τοῖς δείπνοις,phrase modifier — the couch of honor at table (cf. 14:7–8) — precedence craved in every sphere
47
οἳ κατεσθίουσιν τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶνrelative — the indictment sharpens — predation on the protected class; the widow of 21:1–4 enters at once
καὶ προφάσει μακρὰ προσεύχονται·relative — προφάσει — long prayers as cover for the greed
οὗτοι λήμψονται περισσότερον κρίμα.content — resumptive οὗτοι — the heavier sentence closes the chapter on its note of judgment
Analysis. Luke 20 is the temple gauntlet — every party in Jerusalem sends its question, and Jesus answers, out-asks, and ends the chapter as the only questioner left. The narrative frames hold the flush-left purple column (they came upon him, they sent, he said, they fell silent), and the chapter's weight hangs blue beneath the verbs of speaking: the parable of the tenants runs as a coordinate cnt catena under λέγειν (v. 9) — planted, leased, left, then the three sendings with their escalating participles — with the owner's soliloquy (Τί ποιήσω; v. 13, the deliberative question of Luke's parable-monologues) and the tenants' plot (v. 14) each a speech-within-the-speech one level deeper. Protases lean forward anchor-less: the ἐάν-pair of the leaders' inner dilemma (vv. 5–6) one deeper than the dreaded apodoses (as in Mark 11), the levirate ἐάν-chain of v. 28 one deeper than its imperatival-ἵνα apodosis, and ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ (v. 18) treated the same way as a virtual protasis. Three Scripture citations hang as cnt with sources in the tags: Ps 117:22 LXX under τὸ γεγραμμένον (v. 17), extended by Luke's crushing-stone logion fusing Isa 8:14–15 with Dan 2:34–35 (v. 18); Exod 3:6 under Moses' ἐμήνυσεν, with ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου read as a passage-locator ('at the Bush,' the section of Exodus) rather than a place; and Ps 109:1 LXX under David's λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν (vv. 42–43). The cruxes are taken openly: the tribute verdict's suppressed premise (the coin bears Caesar's εἰκών and goes back to him; what bears God's image is owed to God — the second colon verbless, its verb carried over); the sons-of-this-age / sons-of-that-age antithesis with ἰσάγγελοι (v. 36) read as deathlessness, not disembodiment; πάντες γὰρ αὐτῷ ζῶσιν (v. 38) as Luke's own widening of the God-of-the-living conclusion; and Μὴ γένοιτο (v. 16) — the crowd's horrified recoil, the only non-Pauline NT instance — kept as a full finite line, not verbless. The chapter closes where it opened: the scribes who demanded Jesus' credentials stand exposed under Προσέχετε, their wanting-catalogue hanging from θελόντων and φιλούντων, the devoured widows' houses of v. 47 already anticipating the widow of 21:1–4.