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The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 9ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ Θ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἰσίν τινες ὧδε τῶν ἑστηκότων οἵτινες οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐληλυθυῖαν ἐν δυνάμει.

And he said to them: Truly I say to you that there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God having come in power.

Saying of JesusΚαὶA solemn pronouncement closing the call to discipleship (8:34–38): some present will witness the kingdom's powerful arrival before death.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative continuative)
ἔλεγενhe was sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ iterative/inceptive imperfectλέγω: 'say, speak'; the imperfect frames the discourse.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Ἀμὴνtrulyinterjection / asseverative particle (indeclinable)ἀμήν: Hebrew 'amen'; Jesus' characteristic solemn affirmation introducing weighty sayings.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ instantaneous present
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (introduces content/direct discourse)
εἰσίνthere arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative present
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
ὧδεhereadverb (place)
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἑστηκότωνstandingPerf Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἵστημιsubstantival participle (partitive gen.)→ intensive perfect (state of standing)ἵστημι (perf.): 'stand'; the perfect denotes the settled state of those now present.
οἵτινεςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή = emphatic)
μὴby no meansnegative particle (οὐ μή = emphatic denial)οὐ μή + aorist subjunctive: the strongest form of negation — 'certainly not.'
γεύσωνταιthey should tasteAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · γεύομαιsubjunctive (emphatic negation)→ constative aoristγεύομαι: 'taste'; 'taste death' is a Semitic idiom for dying (cf. Heb 2:9).
θανάτουdeathGenitivegenitive object of γεύομαι
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal)
ἂν(if/ever)particle (with subj., contingency)
ἴδωσινthey seeAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ὁράωsubjunctive (temporal clause)→ ingressive aoristὁράω: 'see, perceive.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativedirect objectβασιλεία: 'reign, kingdom'; God's saving rule breaking in.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivesubjective/possessive genitive
ἐληλυθυῖανhaving comePerf Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἔρχομαιpredicate ptc. (complement of ἴδωσιν)→ intensive perfect (arrived state)ἔρχομαι (perf.): 'come'; the kingdom is seen as already arrived 'in power.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)
δυνάμειpowerDativedat. of mannerδύναμις: 'power, might'; the mode of the kingdom's coming.
2

Καὶ μετὰ ἡμέρας ἓξ παραλαμβάνει ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τὸν Ἰάκωβον καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἀναφέρει αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν κατ’ ἰδίαν μόνους. καὶ μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν,

And after six days Jesus takes along Peter and James and John, and leads them up onto a high mountain by themselves alone. And he was transfigured before them,

Transfiguration narrativeΚαὶSix days later Jesus takes the inner three up the mountain and is transfigured — the proleptic glimpse of the kingdom in power (v.1).
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeobject of μετά (extent/time)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the rare precise interval recalls Exod 24:16 (Sinai).
ἓξsixAccusativenumeral (attributive)
παραλαμβάνειtakes alongPres Act Indic 3 Sg · παραλαμβάνωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic presentπαραλαμβάνω: 'take with, take along'; Mark's vivid historic present.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΠέτρονPeterAccusativedirect objectΠέτρος: Peter, the leading disciple.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸάκωβονJamesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)Ἰάκωβος: James, son of Zebedee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativedirect object (coordinate)Ἰωάννης: John, brother of James — the inner three.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναφέρειleads upPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic presentἀναφέρω: 'carry/lead up'; the ascent of the mountain.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
εἰςontopreposition + accusative (direction)
ὄροςmountainAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ὄρος: 'mountain'; the locus of theophany (Sinai, Horeb).
ὑψηλὸνhighAccusativeattributive adjective
κατ’bypreposition + accusative (idiom)
ἰδίαν(their) ownAccusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately')ἴδιος: 'one's own'; κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately, apart.'
μόνουςaloneAccusativepredicate adjective (with αὐτούς)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετεμορφώθηhe was transfiguredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · μεταμορφόωmain verb→ constative aorist (divine passive)μεταμορφόω: 'transform, change form' (cf. 'metamorphosis'); the passive implies God's act.
ἔμπροσθενbeforepreposition + genitive (place)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἔμπροσθεν
3

καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο στίλβοντα λευκὰ λίαν οἷα γναφεὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐ δύναται οὕτως λευκᾶναι.

and his garments became radiant, exceedingly white, such as no fuller on earth could so whiten.

Description of the gloryκαὶThe visible token of the transfiguration: garments of unearthly whiteness, beyond any earthly bleacher's craft.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
ἱμάτιαgarmentsNominativesubjectἱμάτιον: 'garment, cloak'; the outer clothing now blazing.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐγένετοbecameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (linking)→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'become.'
στίλβονταgleamingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Neut · στίλβωpredicate participle (with ἐγένετο)→ present (ongoing radiance)στίλβω: 'gleam, glisten'; a NT hapax — dazzling brilliance.
λευκὰwhiteNominativepredicate adjectiveλευκός: 'white, bright'; the color of heavenly glory.
λίανexceedinglyadverb (degree)
οἷαsuch asrelative correlative (manner/quality)
γναφεὺςfullerNominativesubject (of rel. clause)γναφεύς: 'fuller, bleacher,' one who cleans/whitens cloth.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπίγῆ: 'earth, ground'; 'on earth' marks the heavenly surpassing the earthly.
οὐnotnegative particle
δύναταιis ablePres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (rel. clause)→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able, can.'
οὕτωςsoadverb (manner)
λευκᾶναιto whitenAor Act Inf · λευκαίνωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristλευκαίνω: 'make white, bleach.'
4

καὶ ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Ἠλίας σὺν Μωϋσεῖ, καὶ ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες τῷ Ἰησοῦ.

And there appeared to them Elijah with Moses, and they were talking with Jesus.

The two witnesses appearκαὶElijah and Moses — Prophets and Law, or the two who met God on Sinai/Horeb — appear conversing with Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὤφθηappearedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aorist (theophanic passive)ὁράω (aor. pass. ὤφθη): 'was seen, appeared'; the standard verb of revelatory appearances.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedat. of reference (those to whom)
ἨλίαςElijahNominativesubjectἨλίας: Elijah, the prophet expected before the Day of the Lord (Mal 4:5).
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (association)
ΜωϋσεῖMosesDativeobject of σύν (association)Μωϋσῆς: Moses, the lawgiver.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ stative imperfect
συλλαλοῦντεςtalking togetherPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · συλλαλέωperiphrastic participle (with ἦσαν)→ present (ongoing)συλλαλέω: 'talk with, converse' (σύν + λαλέω).
τῷwithDativearticle
ἸησοῦJesusDativedat. of association (with συλλαλέω)
5

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ· Ῥαββί, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι, καὶ ποιήσωμεν τρεῖς σκηνάς, σοὶ μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν.

And Peter responding says to Jesus: Rabbi, it is good for us to be here; and let us make three tents — one for you and one for Moses and one for Elijah.

Peter's proposalκαὶPeter, overwhelmed, blurts a proposal to build three shelters — well-meant but misjudged, as the narrator notes (v.6).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςrespondingAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (Semitic 'answered and said')→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, respond'; here in the Semitic idiom 'answering, said.'
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubjectΠέτρος: Peter, again the spokesman.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic present
τῷtoDativearticle
ἸησοῦJesusDativeindirect object
ῬαββίRabbivocative address (indeclinable, transliterated Hebrew)ῥαββί: 'my master, teacher'; a respectful address (an indeclinable loanword).
καλόνgoodNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal)καλός: 'good, fitting, fine.'
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative present
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive εἶναι
ὧδεhereadverb (place)
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive (subject of καλόν ἐστιν)→ stative present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ποιήσωμενlet us makeAor Act Subj 1 Pl · ποιέωhortatory subjunctive→ ingressive aoristποιέω: 'make, do.'
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (attributive)
σκηνάςtentsAccusativedirect objectσκηνή: 'tent, booth, tabernacle'; perhaps evoking the Feast of Booths and the Sinai tabernacle.
σοὶfor youDativedat. of advantage
μίανoneAccusativedirect object (in apposition)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
Μωϋσεῖfor MosesDativedat. of advantage
μίανoneAccusativedirect object (apposition)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
Ἠλίᾳfor ElijahDativedat. of advantage
μίανoneAccusativedirect object (apposition)
6

οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἀποκριθῇ· ἔκφοβοι γὰρ ἐγένοντο.

For he did not know what he should answer, for they had become terrified.

Narrator's commentγὰρAn editorial aside excusing Peter: fear had overwhelmed the three, so his words were not considered.
οὐnotnegative particle
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ᾔδειhe knewPlpf Act Indic 3 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ stative (pluperfect of οἶδα = past)οἶδα: 'know'; the pluperfect functions as a simple past.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ἀποκριθῇ)
ἀποκριθῇhe should answerAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιdeliberative subjunctive (indir. question)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, reply.'
ἔκφοβοιterrifiedNominativepredicate adjectiveἔκφοβος: 'terrified, greatly afraid' (ἐκ-intensive); a rare word.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐγένοντοthey becameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (linking)→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'become.'
7

καὶ ἐγένετο νεφέλη ἐπισκιάζουσα αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένετο φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης· Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἀκούετε αὐτοῦ.

And a cloud came, overshadowing them, and a voice came out of the cloud: This is my beloved Son; listen to him.

The voice from the cloudκαὶThe divine cloud (Shekinah) envelops them and the Father's voice confirms the Son and commands obedience — the climax of the scene.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'come to be, arise.'
νεφέληa cloudNominativesubjectνεφέλη: 'cloud'; the cloud of the divine presence (Exod 40:34–35).
ἐπισκιάζουσαovershadowingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἐπισκιάζωattributive/circumstantial participle→ present (ongoing)ἐπισκιάζω: 'overshadow, cover' (cf. Exod 40; Luke 1:35).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedat. object of ἐπισκιάζω
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aorist
φωνὴa voiceNominativesubjectφωνή: 'voice, sound'; the bath qol, the Father's declaration.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
νεφέληςcloudGenitiveobject of ἐκ (source)
Οὗτόςthis oneNominativesubject (demonstrative pronoun)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
υἱόςSonNominativepredicate nominativeυἱός: 'Son'; echoes the baptismal voice (1:11), now to the disciples.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
theNominativearticle
ἀγαπητόςbelovedNominativeattributive adjectiveἀγαπητός: 'beloved'; possibly also 'only, unique' (cf. Gen 22:2).
ἀκούετεlisten toPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀκούωimperative→ customary present (command)ἀκούω + gen.: 'hear, heed, obey'; echoes Deut 18:15 (the prophet like Moses).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούω
8

καὶ ἐξάπινα περιβλεψάμενοι οὐκέτι οὐδένα εἶδον ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν.

And suddenly, looking around, they no longer saw anyone but Jesus only with them.

The vision endsκαὶAs suddenly as it came, the vision is gone; only Jesus remains — the abiding point of the scene.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξάπιναsuddenlyadverb (manner/time)ἐξάπινα: 'suddenly, all at once'; a rare adverb heightening the abruptness.
περιβλεψάμενοιlooking aroundAor Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · περιβλέπομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristπεριβλέπομαι: 'look around' (Markan favorite).
οὐκέτιno longeradverb (negative, time)
οὐδέναno oneAccusativedirect object (negative pronoun)
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see.'
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἸησοῦνJesusAccusativedirect object (exception)
μόνονonlyAccusativepredicate adjective (alone)
μεθ’withpreposition + genitive (association)
ἑαυτῶνthemselvesGenitiveobject of μετά (reflexive)
9

Καὶ καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ ἃ εἶδον διηγήσωνται, εἰ μὴ ὅταν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ.

And as they were coming down from the mountain, he ordered them to tell no one what they had seen, except when the Son of Man should rise from the dead.

Command to silenceΚαὶDescending, Jesus binds them to silence until the resurrection — the messianic secret tied to the cross and the empty tomb.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
καταβαινόντωνcoming downPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · καταβαίνωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ present (concurrent)καταβαίνω: 'go/come down'; the descent from the mount.
αὐτῶνthey/themGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ὄρουςmountainGenitiveobject of ἐκ
διεστείλατοhe orderedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · διαστέλλομαιmain verb→ constative aoristδιαστέλλομαι: 'charge strictly, give orders.'
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
ἵναthatconjunction (introduces content of command)
μηδενὶto no oneDativeindirect object (negative)
what (things)Accusativerelative pronoun (object of διηγήσωνται)
εἶδονthey had seenAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aorist
διηγήσωνταιthey should tellAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · διηγέομαιsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ constative aoristδιηγέομαι: 'narrate, recount in full.'
εἰifconjunction (with μή = 'except')
μὴnotnegative particle (εἰ μή = 'except')
ὅτανwhenconjunction (indefinite temporal)
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'the Son of Man'; Jesus' chosen self-designation (Dan 7:13).
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουof ManGenitivegenitive (in the title)ἄνθρωπος: 'man, human.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
νεκρῶνthe deadGenitiveobject of ἐκ (separation)νεκρός: 'dead'; 'from among the dead.'
ἀναστῇshould riseAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιsubjunctive (ὅταν clause)→ ingressive aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'; intransitive of resurrection.
10

καὶ τὸν λόγον ἐκράτησαν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς συζητοῦντες τί ἐστιν τὸ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι.

And they kept the matter to themselves, discussing what the rising from the dead might be.

The disciples' perplexityκαὶThey obey but are baffled — the very idea of an individual rising before the general resurrection puzzles them.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονword/matterAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'word, saying, matter'; here the command/the saying.
ἐκράτησανthey keptAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κρατέωmain verb→ constative aoristκρατέω: 'hold fast, keep'; they kept the matter to themselves.
πρὸςto/amongpreposition + accusative (idiom 'among themselves')
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesAccusativeobject of πρός (reflexive)
συζητοῦντεςdiscussingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · συζητέωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ present (ongoing)συζητέω: 'discuss, dispute together' (σύν + ζητέω).
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (indir. question)→ stative present
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes infinitive)
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
νεκρῶνthe deadGenitiveobject of ἐκ
ἀναστῆναιto riseAor Act Inf · ἀνίστημιarticular infinitive (subject)→ ingressive aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise.'
11

καὶ ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν λέγοντες· Ὅτι λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι Ἠλίαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν πρῶτον;

And they were questioning him, saying: Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?

Question about ElijahκαὶThe vision of Elijah prompts the disciples' question about the scribal expectation of Elijah's prior coming (Mal 4:5).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπηρώτωνthey were questioningImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ iterative imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'ask, question' (ἐπί-intensive).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)
Ὅτιwhyinterrogative (Markan idiom 'why?')ὅτι: here interrogative, 'why?' (a Markan usage).
λέγουσινsayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ customary present
οἱtheNominativearticle
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubjectγραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the legal/scriptural experts.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἨλίανElijahAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive ἐλθεῖνἨλίας: Elijah, expected as forerunner (Mal 3:1; 4:5).
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal main verb→ stative presentδεῖ: 'it is necessary'; divine necessity.
ἐλθεῖνto comeAor Act Inf · ἔρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (of δεῖ)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
πρῶτονfirstadverb (sequence)
12

ὁ δὲ ἔφη αὐτοῖς· Ἠλίας μὲν ἐλθὼν πρῶτον ἀποκαθιστάνει πάντα, καὶ πῶς γέγραπται ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἵνα πολλὰ πάθῃ καὶ ἐξουδενηθῇ;

And he said to them: Elijah indeed, coming first, restores all things; and how is it written of the Son of Man, that he should suffer many things and be treated with contempt?

Jesus' answer (part 1)δὲJesus affirms the Elijah-expectation but immediately joins it to the harder scriptural truth: the Son of Man must suffer.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲand/buttransitional/contrastive conjunction
ἔφηsaidImpf/Aor Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ constativeφημί: 'say, declare.'
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ἨλίαςElijahNominativesubjectἨλίας: Elijah.
μὲνindeedparticle (μέν … [implied δέ])
ἐλθὼνcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
πρῶτονfirstadverb (sequence)
ἀποκαθιστάνειrestoresPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαθιστάνωmain verb→ gnomic/customary presentἀποκαθιστάνω: 'restore, set right again' (Mal 4:6 LXX of Elijah).
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object (neuter plural)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ intensive perfect (standing record)γράφω: 'write'; γέγραπται = the standing authority of Scripture.
ἐπὶof/concerningpreposition + accusative (reference)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱὸνSonAccusativeobject of ἐπίυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'the Son of Man.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουof ManGenitivegenitive (in title)
ἵναthatconjunction (content/result)
πολλὰmany thingsAccusativedirect object (neuter plural)
πάθῃhe should sufferAor Act Subj 3 Sg · πάσχωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ constative aoristπάσχω: 'suffer, experience.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξουδενηθῇbe treated with contemptAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἐξουδενέωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ constative aoristἐξουδενέω: 'count as nothing, despise, set at naught' (cf. Ps 22; Isa 53:3).
13

ἀλλὰ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ Ἠλίας ἐλήλυθεν, καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ ὅσα ἤθελον, καθὼς γέγραπται ἐπ’ αὐτόν.

But I say to you that Elijah has indeed come, and they did to him whatever they wished, as it is written of him.

Jesus' answer (part 2)ἀλλὰJesus declares Elijah has already come (John the Baptist) and was rejected — foreshadowing the Son of Man's own fate.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ instantaneous present
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
καὶindeed/alsoadverbial/ascensive conjunction
ἨλίαςElijahNominativesubjectἨλίας: Elijah — here John the Baptist in the role (cf. 1:6; Matt 17:13).
ἐλήλυθενhas comePerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ intensive perfect (completed arrival)ἔρχομαι (perf.): 'has come.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do.'
αὐτῷto himDativedat. of disadvantage
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object, neuter pl.)
ἤθελονthey wishedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · θέλωmain verb (rel. clause)→ customary imperfectθέλω: 'will, wish.'
καθὼςascomparative conjunction
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb→ intensive perfectγράφω: of Elijah's suffering (cf. 1 Kgs 19:2, 10).
ἐπ’of/concerningpreposition + accusative (reference)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of ἐπί
14

Καὶ ἐλθόντες πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς εἶδον ὄχλον πολὺν περὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ γραμματεῖς συζητοῦντας πρὸς αὐτούς.

And coming to the disciples, they saw a large crowd around them and scribes disputing with them.

The boy with an unclean spiritΚαὶDescending from glory to need: a crowd and scribes in dispute with the remaining disciples, who have failed.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλθόντεςcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativeobject of πρόςμαθητής: 'disciple, learner'; the nine left behind.
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see.'
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativedirect objectὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude.'
πολὺνlargeAccusativeattributive adjective
περὶaroundpreposition + accusative (place)
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of περί
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γραμματεῖςscribesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)γραμματεύς: 'scribe.'
συζητοῦνταςdisputingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · συζητέωattributive participle→ present (ongoing)συζητέω: 'dispute, argue.'
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
15

καὶ εὐθὺς πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐξεθαμβήθησαν, καὶ προστρέχοντες ἠσπάζοντο αὐτόν.

And immediately all the crowd, seeing him, were greatly amazed, and running up they greeted him.

The crowd's amazementκαὶThe crowd is startled — perhaps awe lingering from the mountain — and rushes to greet Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (time)εὐθύς: 'at once'; Mark's signature adverb.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective
theNominativearticle
ὄχλοςcrowdNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd.'
ἰδόντεςseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal; constructio ad sensum)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the plural ptc. agrees with the collective ὄχλος in sense.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ptc.
ἐξεθαμβήθησανwere greatly amazedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκθαμβέομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἐκθαμβέομαι: 'be utterly astonished/awestruck' (ἐκ-intensive; Markan).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προστρέχοντεςrunning upPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προστρέχωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)προστρέχω: 'run to/up.'
ἠσπάζοντοthey greetedImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀσπάζομαιmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἀσπάζομαι: 'greet, welcome.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
16

καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτούς· Τί συζητεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς;

And he asked them: What are you disputing with them?

Jesus' questionκαὶJesus steps in, asking the cause of the dispute.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπηρώτησενhe askedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω: 'question, ask.'
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object)
συζητεῖτεare you disputingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · συζητέωmain verb→ progressive presentσυζητέω: 'dispute, discuss.'
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
17

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ εἷς ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου· Διδάσκαλε, ἤνεγκα τὸν υἱόν μου πρὸς σέ, ἔχοντα πνεῦμα ἄλαλον·

And one out of the crowd answered him: Teacher, I brought my son to you, who has a mute spirit;

The father's pleaκαὶA father from the crowd explains: he brought his demon-afflicted, mute son, but the disciples could not help.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral as substantive)
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ὄχλουcrowdGenitivepartitive genitive
ΔιδάσκαλεTeachervocative of addressδιδάσκαλος: 'teacher'; voc. Διδάσκαλε, the common address to Jesus.
ἤνεγκαI broughtAor Act Indic 1 Sg · φέρωmain verb→ constative aoristφέρω: 'bring, carry.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect objectυἱός: 'son.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
σέyouAccusativeobject of πρός (emphatic)
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωattributive participle (modifies υἱόν)→ present (state)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
πνεῦμαspiritAccusativedirect object of ptc.πνεῦμα: here an unclean/evil spirit.
ἄλαλονmuteAccusativeattributive adjectiveἄλαλος: 'mute, speechless'; the spirit renders the boy unable to speak.
18

καὶ ὅπου ἐὰν αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ ῥήσσει αὐτόν, καὶ ἀφρίζει καὶ τρίζει τοὺς ὀδόντας καὶ ξηραίνεται· καὶ εἶπα τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου ἵνα αὐτὸ ἐκβάλωσιν, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν.

and wherever it seizes him, it throws him down, and he foams and grinds his teeth and becomes rigid; and I told your disciples to cast it out, and they were not able.

Description of the affliction; the disciples' failureκαὶThe violent symptoms are detailed, and the father's complaint reaches its point: the disciples could not cast it out.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅπουwhereverconjunction (indefinite local)
ἐὰνeverparticle (with subj., contingency)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
καταλάβῃit seizesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · καταλαμβάνωsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ constative aoristκαταλαμβάνω: 'seize, lay hold of.'
ῥήσσειit throws downPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥήσσωmain verb→ iterative presentῥήσσω (= ῥήγνυμι): 'dash down, convulse.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφρίζειhe foamsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφρίζωmain verb→ iterative presentἀφρίζω: 'foam at the mouth.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τρίζειhe grindsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · τρίζωmain verb→ iterative presentτρίζω: 'grind, gnash.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὀδόνταςteethAccusativedirect objectὀδούς: 'tooth.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ξηραίνεταιhe becomes rigidPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · ξηραίνωmain verb→ iterative presentξηραίνω: 'dry up, wither'; here 'becomes stiff/rigid.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπαI toldAor Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπα): 'say, tell.'
τοῖςtheDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect objectμαθητής: 'disciple.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἵναthatconjunction (content of request)
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object (neuter, = πνεῦμα)
ἐκβάλωσινthey should cast outAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐκβάλλωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast out, expel.'
καὶand/butcoordinating conjunction (adversative force)
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἴσχυσανthey were ableAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἰσχύωmain verb→ constative aoristἰσχύω: 'be strong, be able, prevail.'
19

ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτοῖς λέγει· Ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος, ἕως πότε πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔσομαι; ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν; φέρετε αὐτὸν πρός με.

And answering them he says: O unbelieving generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to me.

Jesus' lamentδὲJesus' grieved rebuke of the faithless generation — disciples and crowd alike — before commanding the boy be brought.
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲand/buttransitional conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (Semitic idiom)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer.'
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic present
Ointerjection (vocative exclamation)
γενεὰgenerationVocativevocative of addressγενεά: 'generation'; the unbelieving people of this age (cf. Deut 32:5, 20).
ἄπιστοςunbelievingVocativeattributive adjective (vocative)ἄπιστος: 'faithless, without belief.'
ἕωςuntilconjunction (with πότε = 'how long')
πότεwheninterrogative adverb (ἕως πότε = 'how long')
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative (association)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of πρός
ἔσομαιshall I beFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ predictive future
ἕωςuntilconjunction
πότεwheninterrogative adverb
ἀνέξομαιshall I bear withFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἀνέχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureἀνέχομαι: 'bear with, endure, put up with.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἀνέχομαι
φέρετεbringPres Act Impv 2 Pl · φέρωimperative→ customary present (command)φέρω: 'bring, carry.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
μεmeAccusativeobject of πρός
20

καὶ ἤνεγκαν αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτόν. καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτὸν τὸ πνεῦμα εὐθὺς συνεσπάραξεν αὐτόν, καὶ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐκυλίετο ἀφρίζων.

And they brought him to him. And seeing him, the spirit immediately convulsed him, and falling on the ground he rolled about, foaming.

The seizureκαὶAt the encounter the spirit throws the boy into a violent fit — its hostility heightening the coming victory.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb→ constative aoristφέρω: 'bring.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; agrees with the neuter τὸ πνεῦμα (the nom. sg. form ἰδών is identical for masc. and neut.).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ptc.
τὸtheNominativearticle
πνεῦμαspiritNominativesubjectπνεῦμα: the unclean spirit.
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (time)
συνεσπάραξενconvulsedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συσπαράσσωmain verb→ constative aoristσυσπαράσσω: 'convulse violently, tear together.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πεσὼνfallingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πίπτωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristπίπτω: 'fall.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςgroundGenitiveobject of ἐπί
ἐκυλίετοhe rolled aboutImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κυλίωmain verb→ progressive imperfectκυλίω: 'roll'; mid. 'roll about, wallow.'
ἀφρίζωνfoamingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀφρίζωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ present (ongoing)ἀφρίζω: 'foam.'
21

καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ· Πόσος χρόνος ἐστὶν ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν αὐτῷ; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν· Ἐκ παιδιόθεν·

And he asked his father: How long a time has it been since this has happened to him? And he said: From childhood;

Dialogue with the fatherκαὶJesus draws out the chronic gravity of the case — afflicted since childhood — setting up the test of faith.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπηρώτησενhe askedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω: 'ask.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect objectπατήρ: 'father.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
Πόσοςhow much/longNominativeinterrogative adjective
χρόνοςtimeNominativesubjectχρόνος: 'time, period.'
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative present
ὡςsinceconjunction (temporal)
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)
γέγονενhas happenedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ intensive perfect (resultant state)γίνομαι: 'happen, come to be.'
αὐτῷto himDativedat. of reference/disadvantage
heNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲandtransitional conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (here pleonastic with adverb)
παιδιόθενchildhoodadverb (Ἐκ παιδιόθεν = 'from childhood')παιδιόθεν: 'from childhood'; an adverb, here doubled with ἐκ.
22

καὶ πολλάκις καὶ εἰς πῦρ αὐτὸν ἔβαλεν καὶ εἰς ὕδατα ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ αὐτόν· ἀλλ’ εἴ τι δύνῃ, βοήθησον ἡμῖν σπλαγχνισθεὶς ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς.

and often it has thrown him both into fire and into waters, to destroy him; but if you can do anything, have compassion on us and help us.

The father's appealκαὶThe murderous intent of the spirit named; the father's plea — tentative ('if you can') yet earnest — sets up Jesus' reply.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πολλάκιςoftenadverb (frequency)
καὶbothconjunction (καὶ … καὶ = 'both … and')
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
πῦρfireAccusativeobject of εἰςπῦρ: 'fire.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἔβαλενit has thrownAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βάλλωmain verb→ constative/iterative aoristβάλλω: 'throw, cast.'
καὶandconjunction
εἰςintopreposition + accusative
ὕδαταwatersAccusativeobject of εἰςὕδωρ: 'water.'
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)
ἀπολέσῃit might destroyAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιsubjunctive (purpose)→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, kill.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
ἀλλ’butadversative conjunction
εἴifconjunction (conditional)
τιanythingAccusativedirect object (indefinite pronoun)
δύνῃyou canPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (protasis)→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able, can.'
βοήθησονhelpAor Act Impv 2 Sg · βοηθέωimperative (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (urgent appeal)βοηθέω: 'help, come to aid.'
ἡμῖνusDativedat. object of βοηθέω
σπλαγχνισθεὶςhaving compassionAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · σπλαγχνίζομαιcircumstantial ptc. (manner/cause)→ ingressive aoristσπλαγχνίζομαι: 'be moved with compassion' (from σπλάγχνα, the 'inward parts').
ἐφ’onpreposition + accusative (direction of compassion)
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of ἐπί
23

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ, πάντα δυνατὰ τῷ πιστεύοντι.

And Jesus said to him: 'If you can'! All things are possible for the one who believes.

Jesus turns the condition backδὲJesus seizes the father's 'if you can' and turns it: the question is not Jesus' power but the man's faith.
theNominativearticle
δὲand/buttransitional conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Τὸthe (saying)Nominativearticle substantizing the quoted phrase
Εἰifconjunction (quoting the father)
δύνῃyou canPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · δύναμαιverb (quoted from v.22)→ stative presentδύναμαι: Jesus quotes the man's words back to him.
πάνταall thingsNominativesubject (neuter plural)
δυνατὰpossibleNominativepredicate adjectiveδυνατός: 'possible, able.'
τῷfor the oneDativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
πιστεύοντιwho believesPres Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · πιστεύωsubstantival ptc. (dat. of advantage/reference)→ present (ongoing trust)πιστεύω: 'believe, trust.'
24

εὐθὺς κράξας ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ παιδίου ἔλεγεν· Πιστεύω· βοήθει μου τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ.

Immediately the father of the child cried out and said: I believe; help my unbelief!

The father's cryasyndetonThe chapter's celebrated paradox: a faith that knows its own poverty and asks Christ to make up the lack — the very prayer Jesus answers.
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (time)
κράξαςcrying outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κράζωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ ingressive aoristκράζω: 'cry out, shout'; the urgency of the plea.
theNominativearticle
πατὴρfatherNominativesubjectπατήρ: 'father.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
παιδίουchildGenitivegenitive of relationshipπαιδίον: 'little child'; the diminutive marks tenderness.
ἔλεγενsaidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ inceptive imperfect
ΠιστεύωI believePres Act Indic 1 Sg · πιστεύωmain verb→ progressive presentπιστεύω: 'believe, trust'; the confession, immediately qualified.
βοήθειhelpPres Act Impv 2 Sg · βοηθέωimperative→ progressive present (urgent appeal)βοηθέω: 'help'; the present imperative pleads for continual aid.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
τῇtheDativearticle
ἀπιστίᾳunbeliefDativedat. object of βοήθειἀπιστία: 'unbelief, want of faith'; the believer's confessed deficiency.
25

ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἐπισυντρέχει ὄχλος ἐπετίμησεν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἀκαθάρτῳ λέγων αὐτῷ· Τὸ ἄλαλον καὶ κωφὸν πνεῦμα, ἐγὼ ἐπιτάσσω σοι, ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ μηκέτι εἰσέλθῃς εἰς αὐτόν.

And Jesus, seeing that a crowd was rapidly gathering, rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to it: You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him and enter him no more.

The exorcismδὲBefore the swelling crowd Jesus commands authoritatively in the first person — 'I command you' — banishing the spirit for good.
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal/causal)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see, perceive.'
δὲand/buttransitional conjunction
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἐπισυντρέχειwas rapidly gatheringPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισυντρέχωmain verb (vivid present)→ progressive presentἐπισυντρέχω: 'run together to,' a rare double-compound — a crowd swiftly converging.
ὄχλοςa crowdNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd.'
ἐπετίμησενrebukedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, command sternly.'
τῷtheDativearticle
πνεύματιspiritDativedat. object of ἐπιτιμάωπνεῦμα: the unclean spirit.
τῷtheDativearticle
ἀκαθάρτῳuncleanDativeattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure.'
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object
ΤὸtheVocativearticle with vocative force (nom. for voc.)
ἄλαλονmuteVocativeattributive adjective (address)ἄλαλος: 'mute.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κωφὸνdeafVocativeattributive adjectiveκωφός: 'deaf' (and/or 'mute').'
πνεῦμαspiritVocativevocative of address (nom. form)
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
ἐπιτάσσωcommandPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐπιτάσσωmain verb→ instantaneous presentἐπιτάσσω: 'command, order'; the emphatic ἐγώ asserts Jesus' authority.
σοιyouDativedat. object of ἐπιτάσσω
ἔξελθεcome outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιimperative→ ingressive aorist (command)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go/come out.'
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἐκ
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μηκέτιno longeradverb (negative, time)
εἰσέλθῃςenterAor Act Subj 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive of prohibition→ ingressive aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter, go in.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of εἰς
26

καὶ κράξας καὶ πολλὰ σπαράξας ἐξῆλθεν· καὶ ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ νεκρός, ὥστε τοὺς πολλοὺς λέγειν ὅτι ἀπέθανεν.

And crying out and convulsing him violently, it came out; and he became like a corpse, so that many said that he had died.

The spirit departsκαὶA last violent paroxysm leaves the boy seemingly dead — the crowd's verdict setting up the resurrection-like lifting.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κράξαςcrying outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κράζωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ ingressive aoristκράζω: 'cry out.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πολλὰmuch/violentlyAccusativeadverbial accusative (neuter pl.)
σπαράξαςconvulsingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · σπαράσσωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristσπαράσσω: 'convulse, throw into spasms.'
ἐξῆλθενit came outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'come out.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοhe becameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (linking)→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'become.'
ὡσεὶlikecomparative particle
νεκρόςa corpseNominativepredicate nominativeνεκρός: 'dead (one), corpse.'
ὥστεso thatconjunction (result)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πολλοὺςmanyAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive λέγειν
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωinfinitive (result clause)→ progressive present
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἀπέθανενhe had diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die.'
27

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς κρατήσας τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ἤγειρεν αὐτόν, καὶ ἀνέστη.

But Jesus, taking hold of his hand, raised him up, and he stood.

Jesus raises the boyδὲJesus takes the boy by the hand and raises him — the verbs (ἤγειρεν, ἀνέστη) deliberately echo resurrection.
theNominativearticle
δὲbuttransitional/contrastive conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
κρατήσαςtaking hold ofAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κρατέωcircumstantial ptc. (means)→ constative aoristκρατέω + gen.: 'grasp, take hold of.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of κρατέωχείρ: 'hand.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἤγειρενraised upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγείρωmain verb→ constative aoristἐγείρω: 'raise, lift up'; resurrection-language.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνέστηhe stood upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ ingressive aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'; also the resurrection verb.
28

καὶ εἰσελθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς οἶκον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ κατ’ ἰδίαν ἐπηρώτων αὐτόν· Ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό;

And when he had entered into a house, his disciples asked him privately: Why were we not able to cast it out?

Private instructionκαὶIndoors, the disciples ask why they failed — the cue for Jesus' teaching on this kind of spirit.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσελθόντοςhaving enteredAor Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · εἰσέρχομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
αὐτοῦhe/himGenitivegenitive absolute (subject)
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
οἶκονa houseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἶκος: 'house, home'; the place of private instruction in Mark.
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubjectμαθητής: 'disciple.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
κατ’bypreposition + accusative (κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately')
ἰδίαν(themselves)Accusativeobject of κατά (κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately')ἴδιος: 'one's own'; κατ’ ἰδίαν = 'privately.'
ἐπηρώτωνwere askingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'ask.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
Ὅτιwhyinterrogative (Markan idiom 'why?')ὅτι: interrogative here, 'why?'
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἠδυνήθημενwere ableAor Pass Indic 1 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb→ constative aoristδύναμαι: 'be able.'
ἐκβαλεῖνto cast outAor Act Inf · ἐκβάλλωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast out.'
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object (neuter, = πνεῦμα)
29

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τοῦτο τὸ γένος ἐν οὐδενὶ δύναται ἐξελθεῖν εἰ μὴ ἐν προσευχῇ.

And he said to them: This kind can come out by nothing except by prayer.

Jesus' answerκαὶThe lesson: such a spirit yields only to prayerful dependence on God — not to technique or the disciples' bare authority.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤοῦτοthisNominativeattributive demonstrative
τὸtheNominativearticle
γένοςkindNominativesubjectγένος: 'kind, sort, race.'
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)
οὐδενὶnothingDativeobject of ἐν (negative)
δύναταιis ablePres Act Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ stative presentδύναμαι: 'be able.'
ἐξελθεῖνto come outAor Act Inf · ἐξέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'come out.'
εἰifconjunction (with μή = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means)
προσευχῇprayerDativedat. of meansπροσευχή: 'prayer'; the sole instrument named (some witnesses add 'and fasting').
30

Κἀκεῖθεν ἐξελθόντες παρεπορεύοντο διὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν ἵνα τις γνοῖ·

And going out from there, they were passing through Galilee, and he did not want anyone to know it;

Second passion predictionΚἀκεῖθενA quiet journey through Galilee — Jesus seeks privacy to teach the disciples of his death and resurrection.
Κἀκεῖθενand from thereadverb (crasis καὶ + ἐκεῖθεν)κἀκεῖθεν: 'and from there'; crasis of καί + ἐκεῖθεν.
ἐξελθόντεςgoing outAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out, depart.'
παρεπορεύοντοthey were passing throughImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · παραπορεύομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfectπαραπορεύομαι: 'pass by/through, journey along.'
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (path)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitiveobject of διάΓαλιλαία: Galilee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἤθελενhe wantedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ progressive imperfectθέλω: 'will, wish.'
ἵναthatconjunction (content of θέλω)
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
γνοῖshould knowAor Act Subj 3 Sg · γινώσκωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ ingressive aoristγινώσκω: 'know, recognize.'
31

ἐδίδασκεν γὰρ τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι Ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτόν, καὶ ἀποκτανθεὶς μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται.

for he was teaching his disciples and saying to them: The Son of Man is being delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill him, and having been killed, after three days he will rise.

The prediction properγὰρThe second passion prediction: betrayal, death, and resurrection on the third day — Mark's central christological refrain.
ἐδίδασκενhe was teachingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διδάσκωmain verb→ progressive imperfectδιδάσκω: 'teach.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativedirect objectμαθητής: 'disciple.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔλεγενwas sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ iterative imperfect
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (introduces discourse)
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: 'the Son of Man.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουof ManGenitivegenitive (in title)
παραδίδοταιis being deliveredPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb→ futuristic/present (divine passive)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over, betray, deliver'; the passive hints at God's plan.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobject of εἰςχείρ: 'hand'; 'into the hands of' = into the power of.
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitivegenitive of possession/subjective
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκτενοῦσινthey will killFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb→ predictive futureἀποκτείνω: 'kill, put to death.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκτανθεὶςhaving been killedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκτείνωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristἀποκτείνω (pass.): 'be killed.'
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (attributive)
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeobject of μετά (extent of time)ἡμέρα: 'day.'
ἀναστήσεταιhe will riseFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ predictive futureἀνίστημι: 'rise.'
32

οἱ δὲ ἠγνόουν τὸ ῥῆμα, καὶ ἐφοβοῦντο αὐτὸν ἐπερωτῆσαι.

But they did not understand the saying, and they were afraid to ask him.

The disciples' incomprehensionδὲTheir persistent failure to grasp the passion — and their fear to inquire — frames the teaching that follows.
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἠγνόουνdid not understandImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀγνοέωmain verb→ progressive imperfectἀγνοέω: 'be ignorant, not understand.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ῥῆμαsayingAccusativedirect objectῥῆμα: 'word, saying, matter.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐφοβοῦντοthey were afraidImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfectφοβέομαι: 'fear, be afraid.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπερωτῆσαι
ἐπερωτῆσαιto askAor Act Inf · ἐπερωτάωcomplementary infinitive (of ἐφοβοῦντο)→ constative aoristἐπερωτάω: 'ask, question.'
33

Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Καφαρναούμ. καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ γενόμενος ἐπηρώτα αὐτούς· Τί ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ διελογίζεσθε;

And they came to Capernaum. And when he was in the house, he asked them: What were you discussing on the way?

Who is the greatestΚαὶAt Capernaum, indoors, Jesus probes the dispute the disciples had on the road — exposing their concern for rank.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
ΚαφαρναούμCapernaumAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name)Καφαρναούμ: Capernaum, Jesus' Galilean base.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
οἰκίᾳhouseDativeobject of ἐν (place)οἰκία: 'house, home.'
γενόμενοςhaving come to beAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · γίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: here 'come to be (in)', i.e. once inside.
ἐπηρώταhe askedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ inceptive imperfectἐπερωτάω: 'ask.'
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ΤίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object)
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷwayDativeobject of ἐνὁδός: 'way, road'; 'on the way' — a Markan discipleship motif.
διελογίζεσθεwere you discussingImpf Mid Indic 2 Pl · διαλογίζομαιmain verb→ progressive imperfectδιαλογίζομαι: 'discuss, reason, argue.'
34

οἱ δὲ ἐσιώπων· πρὸς ἀλλήλους γὰρ διελέχθησαν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τίς μείζων.

But they were silent, for on the way they had argued with one another about who was greatest.

Their shamed silenceδὲTheir silence betrays the embarrassment: they had been disputing rank — the opposite of the cross just predicted.
οἱtheyNominativearticle as pronoun (subject)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἐσιώπωνwere silentImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · σιωπάωmain verb→ progressive imperfectσιωπάω: 'be silent, keep quiet.'
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative (reciprocal)
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativeobject of πρός (reciprocal pronoun)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
διελέχθησανthey had arguedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · διαλέγομαιmain verb→ constative aoristδιαλέγομαι: 'discuss, dispute, argue.'
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷwayDativeobject of ἐν
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)
μείζωνgreater/greatestNominativepredicate (comparative for superlative)μέγας (compar. μείζων): 'greater'; here 'greatest.'
35

καὶ καθίσας ἐφώνησεν τοὺς δώδεκα καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Εἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι, ἔσται πάντων ἔσχατος καὶ πάντων διάκονος.

And sitting down he called the twelve and says to them: If anyone wants to be first, he shall be last of all and servant of all.

The kingdom's reversalκαὶSeated as a teacher, Jesus states the great reversal: greatness is found in being last and servant of all.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
καθίσαςsitting downAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · καθίζωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal; teaching posture)→ constative aoristκαθίζω: 'sit down'; the rabbinic posture for authoritative teaching.
ἐφώνησενcalledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φωνέωmain verb→ constative aoristφωνέω: 'call, summon.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
δώδεκαtwelveAccusativedirect object (indeclinable numeral)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; the inner circle.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ dramatic/historic present
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Εἴifconjunction (conditional)
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
θέλειwantsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb (protasis)→ stative presentθέλω: 'will, wish.'
πρῶτοςfirstNominativepredicate adjective (with εἶναι)πρῶτος: 'first, foremost.'
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίcomplementary infinitive→ stative present
ἔσταιhe shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future (gnomic)
πάντωνof allGenitivepartitive/comparative genitive
ἔσχατοςlastNominativepredicate nominativeἔσχατος: 'last, least.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάντωνof allGenitiveobjective/partitive genitive
διάκονοςservantNominativepredicate nominativeδιάκονος: 'servant, minister, attendant.'
36

καὶ λαβὼν παιδίον ἔστησεν αὐτὸ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐναγκαλισάμενος αὐτὸ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·

And taking a child, he set it in their midst, and taking it in his arms he said to them:

The child as object lessonκαὶJesus enacts the lesson: he embraces a child — the socially least — as the measure of true greatness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take.'
παιδίονa childAccusativedirect object of ptc.παιδίον: 'little child'; one of no social standing.
ἔστησενsetAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (transitive)→ constative aoristἵστημι: 'set, place, make stand.'
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
μέσῳmidstDativeobject of ἐν (ἐν μέσῳ = 'in the middle')μέσος: 'middle, midst.'
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐναγκαλισάμενοςtaking in his armsAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐναγκαλίζομαιcircumstantial ptc. (manner)→ constative aoristἐναγκαλίζομαι: 'take into one's arms, embrace' (from ἀγκάλη, 'the bent arm'); a Markan word.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ptc.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
37

Ὃς ἂν ἓν τῶν τοιούτων παιδίων δέξηται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐμὲ δέχεται· καὶ ὃς ἂν ἐμὲ δέχηται, οὐκ ἐμὲ δέχεται ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με.

Whoever receives one of such children in my name receives me; and whoever receives me, receives not me but the one who sent me.

Receiving the child = receiving ChristasyndetonA chain of identification: welcoming the lowly child is welcoming Jesus, and welcoming Jesus is welcoming the Father.
ὋςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνeverparticle (indefinite, with subj.)
ἓνoneAccusativedirect object (numeral)
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
τοιούτωνsuchGenitiveattributive (partitive genitive)τοιοῦτος: 'such, of this kind.'
παιδίωνchildrenGenitivepartitive genitiveπαιδίον: 'little child.'
δέξηταιreceivesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · δέχομαιsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ constative aoristδέχομαι: 'receive, welcome.'
ἐπὶin/onpreposition + dative (basis)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματίnameDativeobject of ἐπί (ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι = 'in the name')ὄνομα: 'name'; 'on the basis of / for the sake of my name.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object (emphatic)
δέχεταιreceivesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δέχομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ gnomic presentδέχομαι: 'receive.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνeverparticle (indefinite)
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object (emphatic)
δέχηταιreceivesPres Mid Subj 3 Sg · δέχομαιsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ gnomic present
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object (emphatic)
δέχεταιreceivesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δέχομαιmain verb→ gnomic present
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
τὸνthe oneAccusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἀποστείλαντάwho sentAor Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἀποστέλλωsubstantival ptc. (object of δέχεται)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send (with commission)'; the Father who sent the Son.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ptc.
38

Ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης· Διδάσκαλε, εἴδομέν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια, καὶ ἐκωλύομεν αὐτόν, ὅτι οὐκ ἠκολούθει ἡμῖν.

John said to him: Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we were trying to stop him, because he was not following us.

The outsider exorcistasyndetonJohn raises the sectarian question — they tried to silence an exorcist outside their circle who nonetheless used Jesus' name.
ἜφηsaidImpf/Aor Act Indic 3 Sg · φημίmain verb→ constativeφημί: 'say.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸωάννηςJohnNominativesubjectἸωάννης: John, son of Zebedee.
ΔιδάσκαλεTeachervocative of addressδιδάσκαλος: 'teacher'; voc. address.
εἴδομένwe sawAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see.'
τιναsomeoneAccusativedirect object (indefinite pronoun)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (means/authority)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματίnameDativeobject of ἐν (means/authority)ὄνομα: 'name'; acting by the authority of Jesus' name.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐκβάλλονταcasting outPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἐκβάλλωcomplementary/predicate ptc. (with εἴδομεν)→ present (ongoing)ἐκβάλλω: 'cast out, expel.'
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect object of ptc.δαιμόνιον: 'demon, evil spirit.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκωλύομενwe were trying to stopImpf Act Indic 1 Pl · κωλύωmain verb→ conative imperfectκωλύω: 'hinder, forbid, prevent'; the imperfect of attempted action.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἠκολούθειhe was followingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωmain verb→ progressive imperfectἀκολουθέω: 'follow, accompany (as a disciple).'
ἡμῖνusDativedat. object of ἀκολουθέω
39

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Μὴ κωλύετε αὐτόν, οὐδεὶς γάρ ἐστιν ὃς ποιήσει δύναμιν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου καὶ δυνήσεται ταχὺ κακολογῆσαί με·

But Jesus said: Do not forbid him, for there is no one who will do a miracle in my name and will be able soon after to speak evil of me;

Jesus' correctionδὲJesus overrules the prohibition: a deed of power done in his name forms a bond that resists slandering him.
theNominativearticle
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Μὴnotnegative particle (with imperative)
κωλύετεforbidPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κωλύωimperative (prohibition)→ progressive present (cease/do not)κωλύω: 'hinder, forbid.'
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject (negative pronoun)
γάρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative present
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ποιήσειwill doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (rel. clause)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do, perform.'
δύναμινa miracleAccusativedirect objectδύναμις: 'mighty work, miracle'; lit. 'a power.'
ἐπὶinpreposition + dative (basis/authority)
τῷtheDativearticle
ὀνόματίnameDativeobject of ἐπί (authority)ὄνομα: 'name.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δυνήσεταιwill be ableFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ predictive futureδύναμαι: 'be able.'
ταχὺsoonadverb (time)
κακολογῆσαίto speak evil ofAor Act Inf · κακολογέωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristκακολογέω: 'speak evil of, revile, curse.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object of inf.
40

ὃς γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν καθ’ ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν.

For whoever is not against us is for us.

The principle statedγὰρThe maxim grounding the tolerance: neutrality toward the kingdom is impossible; not-against is for.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (rel. clause)→ stative present
καθ’againstpreposition + genitive (opposition)
ἡμῶνusGenitiveobject of κατά
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (advantage)
ἡμῶνusGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative present
41

Ὃς γὰρ ἂν ποτίσῃ ὑμᾶς ποτήριον ὕδατος ἐν ὀνόματι ὅτι Χριστοῦ ἐστε, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ.

For whoever gives you a cup of water to drink in my name, because you are Christ's, truly I say to you, he will by no means lose his reward.

Reward for the smallest kindnessγὰρEven a cup of water given because of allegiance to Christ is rewarded — the least service to his people is noticed.
ὋςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἂνeverparticle (indefinite, with subj.)
ποτίσῃgives to drinkAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ποτίζωsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ constative aoristποτίζω: 'give to drink, water.'
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object (person)
ποτήριονa cupAccusativedirect object (thing; double accusative)ποτήριον: 'cup.'
ὕδατοςof waterGenitivegenitive of content
ἐνinpreposition + dative (basis)
ὀνόματιnameDativeobject of ἐν (ἐν ὀνόματι = 'in/on the ground that')ὄνομα: 'name'; here 'on the ground that' — i.e. because of your belonging to Christ.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ΧριστοῦChrist'sGenitivepredicate genitive of possessionΧριστός: 'Christ'; 'you belong to Christ.'
ἐστεyou arePres Act Indic 2 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (causal clause)→ stative present
ἀμὴνtrulyasseverative particle (indeclinable)ἀμήν: 'truly'; the solemn affirmation.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ instantaneous present
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή)
μὴby no meansnegative particle (οὐ μή = emphatic denial)
ἀπολέσῃhe will loseAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιsubjunctive (emphatic negation)→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'lose, destroy.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
μισθὸνrewardAccusativedirect objectμισθός: 'wages, reward, recompense.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
42

Καὶ ὃς ἂν σκανδαλίσῃ ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων τῶν πιστευόντων εἰς ἐμέ, καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον εἰ περίκειται μύλος ὀνικὸς περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ βέβληται εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.

And whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea.

Warning against causing stumblingΚαὶThe pivot to warnings: to make one of Christ's 'little ones' fall deserves a fate worse than drowning — a fierce hyperbole.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἂνeverparticle (indefinite, with subj.)
σκανδαλίσῃcauses to stumbleAor Act Subj 3 Sg · σκανδαλίζωsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ constative aoristσκανδαλίζω: 'cause to stumble, lead into sin' (from σκάνδαλον, 'a trap/snare').
ἕναoneAccusativedirect object (numeral)
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
μικρῶνlittle onesGenitivepartitive genitive (substantival adj.)μικρός: 'small, little'; here the humble/vulnerable believer.
τούτωνtheseGenitiveattributive demonstrative
τῶνthe (ones)Genitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
πιστευόντωνwho believePres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · πιστεύωattributive participle→ present (ongoing trust)πιστεύω: 'believe, trust.'
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (object of faith)
ἐμέmeAccusativeobject of εἰς (emphatic)
καλόνgood/betterNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal)καλός: 'good'; with μᾶλλον = 'better.'
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative present
αὐτῷfor himDativedat. of advantage/reference
μᾶλλονratheradverb (comparison)
εἰifconjunction (conditional/comparative)
περίκειταιwere hung aroundPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · περίκειμαιmain verb→ stative presentπερίκειμαι: 'be placed/hung around, encircle.'
μύλοςa millstoneNominativesubjectμύλος: 'millstone.'
ὀνικὸςgreat/donkey-drivenNominativeattributive adjectiveὀνικός: 'of a donkey'; a μύλος ὀνικός is the large upper millstone turned by a donkey.
περὶaroundpreposition + accusative (place)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
τράχηλονneckAccusativeobject of περίτράχηλος: 'neck.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βέβληταιhe were thrownPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · βάλλωmain verb→ intensive perfect (resultant state)βάλλω: 'throw, cast.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of εἰςθάλασσα: 'sea.'
43

Καὶ ἐὰν σκανδαλίζῃ σε ἡ χείρ σου, ἀπόκοψον αὐτήν· καλόν ἐστίν σε κυλλὸν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν ἢ τὰς δύο χεῖρας ἔχοντα ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γέενναν, εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἄσβεστον.

And if your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter into life maimed than, having two hands, to go away into Gehenna, into the unquenchable fire.

The offending handΚαὶThe first of the radical 'cut it off' sayings: any member that leads to sin is to be sacrificed rather than forfeit life — better maimed in the kingdom than whole in Gehenna.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (conditional, with subj.)
σκανδαλίζῃcauses to stumblePres Act Subj 3 Sg · σκανδαλίζωsubjunctive (protasis)→ iterative presentσκανδαλίζω: 'cause to stumble/sin.'
σεyouAccusativedirect object
theNominativearticle
χείρhandNominativesubjectχείρ: 'hand.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἀπόκοψονcut offAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀποκόπτωimperative (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (decisive command)ἀποκόπτω: 'cut off, sever.'
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object
καλόνgood/betterNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal)καλός: 'good'; 'better' in the comparison.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative present
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive εἰσελθεῖν
κυλλὸνmaimedAccusativepredicate adjective (with σε)κυλλός: 'crippled, maimed.'
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive (subject of καλόν ἐστιν)→ ingressive aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ζωὴνlifeAccusativeobject of εἰςζωή: 'life'; here eternal life, the kingdom.
thancomparative particle
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (attributive)
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντα
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial ptc. (concessive; agrees w/ implied σε)→ present (state)ἔχω: 'have.'
ἀπελθεῖνto go awayAor Act Inf · ἀπέρχομαιinfinitive (parallel to εἰσελθεῖν)→ ingressive aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γέεννανGehennaAccusativeobject of εἰςΓέεννα: 'Gehenna'; from the Valley of Hinnom (גֵּי הִנֹּם), Jerusalem's defiled refuse-valley — an image of final judgment.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (epexegetic)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πῦρfireAccusativeobject of εἰς (apposition to γέενναν)πῦρ: 'fire.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle
ἄσβεστονunquenchableAccusativeattributive adjectiveἄσβεστος: 'unquenchable, inextinguishable' (cf. 'asbestos'); cf. Isa 66:24.
45

καὶ ἐὰν ὁ πούς σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἀπόκοψον αὐτόν· καλόν ἐστίν σε εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν χωλὸν ἢ τοὺς δύο πόδας ἔχοντα βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν γέενναν.

And if your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter into life lame than, having two feet, to be thrown into Gehenna.

The offending footκαὶThe second 'cut it off' saying, in parallel form (v.44, the repetition of v.48, is omitted by the critical text).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (conditional, with subj.)
theNominativearticle
πούςfootNominativesubjectπούς: 'foot.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
σκανδαλίζῃcauses to stumblePres Act Subj 3 Sg · σκανδαλίζωsubjunctive (protasis)→ iterative presentσκανδαλίζω: 'cause to stumble.'
σεyouAccusativedirect object
ἀπόκοψονcut offAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀποκόπτωimperative (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (decisive command)ἀποκόπτω: 'cut off.'
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object
καλόνgood/betterNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal)καλός: 'good'; 'better.'
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative present
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive εἰσελθεῖν
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive (subject of καλόν ἐστιν)→ ingressive aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ζωὴνlifeAccusativeobject of εἰςζωή: 'life.'
χωλὸνlameAccusativepredicate adjective (with σε)χωλός: 'lame, crippled.'
thancomparative particle
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (attributive)
πόδαςfeetAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντα
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial ptc. (concessive)→ present (state)ἔχω: 'have.'
βληθῆναιto be thrownAor Pass Inf · βάλλωinfinitive (parallel)→ constative aoristβάλλω: 'throw, cast.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γέεννανGehennaAccusativeobject of εἰςΓέεννα: 'Gehenna,' the place of final judgment.
47

καὶ ἐὰν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἔκβαλε αὐτόν· καλόν σέ ἐστιν μονόφθαλμον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ δύο ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντα βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν γέενναν,

And if your eye causes you to stumble, throw it out; it is better for you to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than, having two eyes, to be thrown into Gehenna,

The offending eyeκαὶThe third and climactic 'cut it off' saying — the goal now named as 'the kingdom of God' (v.46, again a repetition of v.48, is omitted).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (conditional, with subj.)
theNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμόςeyeNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
σκανδαλίζῃcauses to stumblePres Act Subj 3 Sg · σκανδαλίζωsubjunctive (protasis)→ iterative presentσκανδαλίζω: 'cause to stumble.'
σεyouAccusativedirect object
ἔκβαλεthrow outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐκβάλλωimperative (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (decisive command)ἐκβάλλω: 'throw out, pluck out.'
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object
καλόνgood/betterNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal)καλός: 'good'; 'better.'
σέyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive εἰσελθεῖν
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal)→ stative present
μονόφθαλμονwith one eyeAccusativepredicate adjective (with σε)μονόφθαλμος: 'one-eyed' (μόνος + ὀφθαλμός).
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιinfinitive (subject of καλόν ἐστιν)→ ingressive aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; the goal, equated here with 'life.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivesubjective/possessive genitive
thancomparative particle
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (attributive)
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντα
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial ptc. (concessive)→ present (state)ἔχω: 'have.'
βληθῆναιto be thrownAor Pass Inf · βάλλωinfinitive (parallel)→ constative aoristβάλλω: 'throw.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γέεννανGehennaAccusativeobject of εἰςΓέεννα: 'Gehenna.'
48

ὅπου ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ τελευτᾷ καὶ τὸ πῦρ οὐ σβέννυται.

where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.

The fate of Gehenna (Isa 66:24)ὅπουThe clause that defines Gehenna, quoting Isaiah 66:24 — the undying worm and unquenched fire; its repetition at vv.44, 46 is a later harmonization omitted by NA28/SBLGNT.
ὅπουwhererelative adverb (place)
theNominativearticle
σκώληξwormNominativesubjectσκώληξ: 'worm, maggot'; from Isa 66:24 — the consuming worm of judgment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
οὐnotnegative particle
τελευτᾷdiesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · τελευτάωmain verb→ gnomic/durative presentτελευτάω: 'come to an end, die.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle
πῦρfireNominativesubjectπῦρ: 'fire'; the unquenchable fire of v.43.
οὐnotnegative particle
σβέννυταιis quenchedPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · σβέννυμιmain verb→ gnomic/durative presentσβέννυμι: 'quench, extinguish.'
49

πᾶς γὰρ πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται.

For everyone will be salted with fire.

Salted with fireγὰρA notoriously difficult saying linking the preceding fire to the salt that follows: every disciple is purified/tested by fire as a sacrifice is salted.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πᾶς: 'all, everyone.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
πυρὶwith fireDativedat. of means/instrumentπῦρ: 'fire'; the instrument of the 'salting' — testing/purifying judgment.
ἁλισθήσεταιwill be saltedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἁλίζωmain verb→ predictive future (gnomic)ἁλίζω: 'salt, season with salt'; perhaps recalling the salt of the sacrifices (Lev 2:13).
50

καλὸν τὸ ἅλας· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας ἄναλον γένηται, ἐν τίνι αὐτὸ ἀρτύσετε; ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἅλα, καὶ εἰρηνεύετε ἐν ἀλλήλοις.

Salt is good; but if the salt becomes unsalty, with what will you season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another.

Have salt; be at peaceasyndetonThe chapter closes with a salt-saying turned into exhortation: keep your distinctive 'savor' and live at peace — a fitting answer to the rivalry of vv.33–34.
καλὸνgoodNominativepredicate adjectiveκαλός: 'good, fine.'
τὸtheNominativearticle
ἅλαςsaltNominativesubjectἅλας: 'salt'; useful, but ruined if it loses its savor.
ἐὰνifconjunction (conditional, with subj.)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle
ἅλαςsaltNominativesubjectἅλας: 'salt.'
ἄναλονunsaltyNominativepredicate adjectiveἄναλος: 'saltless, without saltiness' (ἀ- + ἅλς); a NT hapax.
γένηταιbecomesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιsubjunctive (protasis)→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'become.'
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)
τίνιwhatDativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ἐν)
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object
ἀρτύσετεwill you seasonFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀρτύωmain verb→ predictive futureἀρτύω: 'season, make ready/palatable.'
ἔχετεhavePres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἔχωimperative→ customary present (command)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ἑαυτοῖςyourselvesDativeobject of ἐν (reflexive)
ἅλαsaltAccusativedirect objectἅλς/ἅλα: 'salt'; the disciples' own 'saltiness' — peaceable, self-sacrificing character.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰρηνεύετεbe at peacePres Act Impv 2 Pl · εἰρηνεύωimperative→ customary present (command)εἰρηνεύω: 'be at peace, live in peace'; the closing answer to the dispute over greatness.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (association)
ἀλλήλοιςone anotherDativeobject of ἐν (reciprocal pronoun)