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The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 8ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ Η′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις πάλιν πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσιν, προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς μαθητὰς λέγει αὐτοῖς·

In those days, when there was again a great crowd and they had nothing to eat, he called the disciples to him and said to them,

Scene-settingasyndetonA temporal frame opens a second wilderness feeding; two genitive-absolute clauses set the need (a large crowd, no food) before Jesus acts.
Ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative (attributive)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedat. of time (when)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the vague 'in those days' loosely links the episode to the preceding.
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)πάλιν: 'again'; signals a second feeding, paralleling 6:34–44.
πολλοῦgreatGenitiveattributive adj. (gen. absolute)
ὄχλουcrowdGenitivesubject of gen. absoluteὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude'; the recurring throng around Jesus in Galilee.
ὄντοςbeingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · εἰμίgenitive absolute (temporal/causal)→ stative present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative particle
ἐχόντωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἔχωgen. absolute (constructio ad sensum, pl.)→ stative presentἔχω: 'have'; the plural shifts to the crowd as individuals.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative/indefinite (object)
φάγωσινthey might eatAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐσθίωdeliberative subjunctive (indir. question)→ aoristicἐσθίω: 'eat'; 'what they might eat' — the supply problem.
προσκαλεσάμενοςhaving called to himselfAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσκαλέομαιcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristπροσκαλέομαι: 'summon, call to oneself' (mid.); Jesus gathers the Twelve.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativedirect object of ptc.μαθητής: 'disciple, learner'; the Twelve.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)λέγω: 'say'; Mark's vivid historic present, rendered as past.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
2

Σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τί φάγωσιν·

“I have compassion on the crowd, because they have remained with me now three days and have nothing to eat;

Direct speech — motiveasyndetonJesus' compassion is the engine of the miracle; a causal ὅτι clause grounds it in the crowd's three-day endurance and hunger.
ΣπλαγχνίζομαιI have compassionPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Sg · σπλαγχνίζομαιmain verb→ stative presentσπλαγχνίζομαι: 'be moved with compassion' (from σπλάγχνα, the inward parts); gut-level pity.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (object of emotion)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativeobject of ἐπί
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἤδηalready/nowadverb (time)
ἡμέραιdaysNominativenom. of time-extent (idiom)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the nominative for duration is a Markan colloquialism.
τρεῖςthreeNominativecardinal numeral (declinable)τρεῖς: 'three'; the duration of their staying.
προσμένουσίνthey remainPres Act Indic 3 Pl · προσμένωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ present (durative)προσμένω: 'remain with, stay on' (πρός + μένω); their persevering attachment to Jesus.
μοιwith meDativedat. of association
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἔχουσινthey havePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ stative present
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative/indefinite (object)
φάγωσινthey might eatAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐσθίωdeliberative subjunctive (indir. question)→ aoristic
3

καὶ ἐὰν ἀπολύσω αὐτοὺς νήστεις εἰς οἶκον αὐτῶν, ἐκλυθήσονται ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ· καί τινες αὐτῶν ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἥκασιν.

and if I send them away to their homes hungry, they will faint on the way; and some of them have come from a distance.”

Direct speech — consequenceκαὶA third-class condition spells out the danger of dismissing them unfed; the closing note (some from afar) intensifies the concern.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (3rd-class condition)
ἀπολύσωI send awayAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἀπολύωsubjunctive (protasis)→ aoristicἀπολύω: 'release, dismiss, send away'; of dispersing a crowd.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
νήστειςhungry/fastingAccusativepredicate accusative (state)νῆστις: 'fasting, without food'; predicate of αὐτούς — 'dismiss them hungry.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
οἶκονhomeAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)οἶκος: 'house, home'; the singular distributively, 'to their homes.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐκλυθήσονταιthey will faintFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκλύωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureἐκλύω: 'loose out, exhaust'; passive 'grow faint, give out' from hunger.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷwayDativedat. of place (where)ὁδός: 'road, way'; the journey home — also a Markan thematic word (the way of discipleship).
καίandcoordinating conjunction
τινεςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
μακρόθενafaradverb (place); ἀπὸ μακρόθεν pleonasticμακρόθεν: 'from afar'; the redundant ἀπό is common Koine.
ἥκασινthey have comePerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb→ perfect (present state of having arrived)ἥκω: 'have come, be present'; its perfect form denotes the resulting state of having arrived.
4

καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι Πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ' ἐρημίας;

And his disciples answered him, “Where can anyone get bread to satisfy these people here in a desolate place?”

Response — perplexityκαὶThe disciples' helpless question echoes the first feeding; their forgetfulness of that prior miracle becomes the chapter's running theme of dullness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπεκρίθησανthey answeredAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, reply'; the passive-form deponent of response.
αὐτῷhimDativeindirect object
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ὅτιὅτι recitativum (introduces direct speech)ὅτι: here recitative, equivalent to opening quotation marks; left untranslated.
Πόθενfrom whereinterrogative adverb (source)πόθεν: 'whence, from where'; the bafflement of supply.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedirect object (of χορτάσαι)
δυνήσεταίwill be ableFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ predictive futureδύναμαι: 'be able'; the helplessness of human resource.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
ὧδεhereadverb (place)
χορτάσαιto satisfyAor Act Inf · χορτάζωcomplementary infinitive→ aoristicχορτάζω: 'feed, fill, satisfy' (orig. of fodder); to satiate with food.
ἄρτωνwith breadGenitivegenitive of content/materialἄρτος: 'bread, loaf'; the genitive of what fills.
ἐπ'inpreposition + genitive (place)
ἐρημίαςa desolate placeGenitiveobject of ἐπί (place)ἐρημία: 'desert, wilderness, uninhabited region'; the resource-less setting.
5

καὶ ἠρώτα αὐτούς· Πόσους ἔχετε ἄρτους; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Ἑπτά.

And he asked them, “How many loaves do you have?” They said, “Seven.”

Dialogue — inventoryκαὶJesus turns the disciples to what is at hand; the bare answer 'seven' sets the number that will reappear in the seven baskets.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠρώταhe askedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐρωτάωmain verb→ imperfect (vivid/inceptive)ἐρωτάω: 'ask, question'; the imperfect paints the ongoing exchange.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
Πόσουςhow manyAccusativeinterrogative adjectiveπόσος: 'how much/many'; quantitative interrogative.
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (question)→ stative present
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect objectἄρτος: 'loaf of bread.'
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun, οἱ δέ)
δὲand/butpostpositive (continuative)
εἶπανthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
Ἑπτάsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable — the count of loaves, echoed in v.8.
6

καὶ παραγγέλλει τῷ ὄχλῳ ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· καὶ λαβὼν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἵνα παρατιθῶσιν, καὶ παρέθηκαν τῷ ὄχλῳ.

And he commanded the crowd to recline on the ground; and taking the seven loaves and giving thanks, he broke them and gave them to his disciples to set before the people, and they set them before the crowd.

The miracle enactedκαὶThe eucharistic sequence — take, give thanks, break, give — mirrors the first feeding and the Last Supper; the disciples are the distributing intermediaries.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παραγγέλλειhe commandsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · παραγγέλλωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)παραγγέλλω: 'instruct, command, give orders'; authoritative direction.
τῷtheDativearticle
ὄχλῳcrowdDativeindirect object (recipient of command)
ἀναπεσεῖνto reclineAor Act Inf · ἀναπίπτωinfinitive of indirect command→ aoristicἀναπίπτω: 'recline, lie back' (for a meal); the posture of dining.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςgroundGenitiveobject of ἐπί (place)γῆ: 'earth, ground'; the bare ground (no green grass of 6:39 — a different, drier setting).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λαβὼνhaving takenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; first of the four eucharistic actions.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἑπτὰsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable.
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of λαβών
εὐχαριστήσαςhaving given thanksAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εὐχαριστέωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristεὐχαριστέω: 'give thanks'; the table-blessing — the verb behind 'Eucharist.'
ἔκλασενhe brokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κλάωmain verb→ constative aoristκλάω: 'break' (bread); the third eucharistic action.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐδίδουhe was givingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ iterative imperfect (repeated handing)δίδωμι: 'give'; the imperfect suggests the repeated, ongoing distribution.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeindirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)
παρατιθῶσινthey might set beforePres Act Subj 3 Pl · παρατίθημιsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ present (durative)παρατίθημι: 'set before, serve' (at table); the disciples' serving role.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρέθηκανthey set beforeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · παρατίθημιmain verb→ constative aorist
τῷtheDativearticle
ὄχλῳcrowdDativeindirect object
7

καὶ εἶχον ἰχθύδια ὀλίγα· καὶ εὐλογήσας αὐτὰ εἶπεν καὶ ταῦτα παρατιθέναι.

And they had a few small fish; and having blessed them, he said that these too should be set before them.

The miracle — the fishκαὶA supplementary note adds the fish; the separate blessing over them rounds out the parallel to the first feeding.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶχονthey hadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ stative imperfect
ἰχθύδιαsmall fishAccusativedirect objectἰχθύδιον: 'little fish' (diminutive of ἰχθύς); the modest fare.
ὀλίγαa fewAccusativeattributive adjectiveὀλίγος: 'few, little'; the scarcity heightens the miracle.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐλογήσαςhaving blessedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless, speak well of'; the blessing over the fish (varies with εὐχαριστήσας of v.6).
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ptc.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive (with ταῦτα)
ταῦταtheseAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
παρατιθέναιto be set beforePres Act Inf · παρατίθημιinfinitive of indirect command→ present (durative)παρατίθημι: 'set before, serve'; the fish too are distributed.
8

καὶ ἔφαγον καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν, καὶ ἦραν περισσεύματα κλασμάτων ἑπτὰ σπυρίδας.

And they ate and were satisfied, and they took up seven baskets of the leftover fragments.

Result — abundanceκαὶThe triple result clinches the miracle: all eat, all are filled, and the surplus (seven baskets) outstrips the original seven loaves.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔφαγονthey ateAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb→ constative aoristἐσθίω: 'eat.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐχορτάσθησανthey were satisfiedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · χορτάζωmain verb→ constative aoristχορτάζω: 'satisfy, fill'; passive — they were filled to the full.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦρανthey took upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb→ constative aoristαἴρω: 'lift, take up'; gathering the surplus.
περισσεύματαleftoversAccusativedirect objectπερίσσευμα: 'surplus, abundance, what remains over'; the excess of provision.
κλασμάτωνof fragmentsGenitivepartitive/epexegetical genitiveκλάσμα: 'broken piece, fragment' (from κλάω); the broken bread left over.
ἑπτὰsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἑπτά: 'seven'; the surplus matches the loaf-count, a deliberate echo.
σπυρίδαςbasketsAccusativeaccusative of measure (apposition to obj.)σπυρίς: a large hamper/basket (distinct from the κόφινος of 6:43) — Mark keeps the two words distinct, recalled in v.19–20.
9

ἦσαν δὲ ὡς τετρακισχίλιοι. καὶ ἀπέλυσεν αὐτούς.

Now there were about four thousand. And he sent them away.

Summary count & dismissalδὲThe round number (four thousand, against the five thousand of ch. 6) and the dismissal close the feeding proper.
ἦσανthere wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative imperfect
δὲnowpostpositive (continuative)
ὡςaboutadverb (approximation)ὡς: here 'approximately' with a number.
τετρακισχίλιοιfour thousandNominativepredicate nominative (numeral)τετρακισχίλιοι: 'four thousand' (declinable); the crowd's size — fewer than the 5,000 of 6:44.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπέλυσενhe sent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπολύωmain verb→ constative aoristἀπολύω: 'dismiss, release'; the dismissal of the fed crowd.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
10

Καὶ εὐθὺς ἐμβὰς εἰς τὸ πλοῖον μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ μέρη Δαλμανουθά.

And immediately he got into the boat with his disciples and came to the district of Dalmanutha.

Transition — crossingΚαὶMark's signature εὐθύς speeds the scene-change; the boat crossing moves Jesus to Dalmanutha, where the Pharisees will confront him.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εὐθὺςimmediatelyadverb (time)εὐθύς: 'at once, immediately'; Mark's hallmark connective driving the narrative pace.
ἐμβὰςhaving embarkedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβαίνωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἐμβαίνω: 'step in, embark, board' (a boat).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πλοῖονboatAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)πλοῖον: 'boat'; the fishing craft of the Galilean ministry.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μαθητῶνdisciplesGenitiveobject of μετά (accompaniment)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἦλθενhe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
μέρηdistrictAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)μέρος: 'part, region, district'; the plural 'parts/region of.'
Δαλμανουθάof DalmanuthaGenitivegenitive of place/relationship (indeclinable proper name)Δαλμανουθά: an otherwise unattested place on the lake; some witnesses read Magadan/Magdala (cf. Matt 15:39).
11

Καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ ἤρξαντο συζητεῖν αὐτῷ, ζητοῦντες παρ' αὐτοῦ σημεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, πειράζοντες αὐτόν.

And the Pharisees came out and began to argue with him, seeking from him a sign from heaven, to test him.

Conflict — the demandΚαὶThe opposition surfaces: their request for a heavenly sign is framed by Mark as a test (πειράζοντες), not genuine inquiry.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθονcame outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go/come out'; the Pharisees emerge to confront.
οἱtheNominativearticle
ΦαρισαῖοιPhariseesNominativesubjectΦαρισαῖος: 'Pharisee'; the 'separated ones,' Jesus' frequent legal adversaries.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤρξαντοthey beganAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἄρχομαιmain verb (ingressive)→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; Markan idiom with the complementary infinitive.
συζητεῖνto argue/disputePres Act Inf · συζητέωcomplementary infinitive→ present (durative)συζητέω: 'discuss, dispute, debate' (σύν + ζητέω); contentious questioning.
αὐτῷwith himDativedat. of association
ζητοῦντεςseekingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ζητέωcircumstantial ptc. (means/manner)→ present (concurrent)ζητέω: 'seek, demand'; what the disputing aimed at.
παρ'frompreposition + genitive (source)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of παρά (source)
σημεῖονa signAccusativedirect object of ptc.σημεῖον: 'sign, miracle as proof'; a self-authenticating heavenly portent is demanded.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)οὐρανός: 'heaven, sky'; the sign's demanded provenance — direct divine attestation.
πειράζοντεςtestingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πειράζωcircumstantial ptc. (purpose)→ present (concurrent)πειράζω: 'test, tempt, try'; Mark's word exposes their hostile intent (cf. 1:13, 10:2).
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ptc.
12

καὶ ἀναστενάξας τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ λέγει· Τί ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη ζητεῖ σημεῖον; ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, εἰ δοθήσεται τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ σημεῖον.

And groaning deeply in his spirit, he said, “Why does this generation seek a sign? Truly I say to you, no sign will be given to this generation.”

The refusalκαὶJesus' deep groan and Semitic oath-formula (εἰ δοθήσεται) constitute an emphatic refusal: no sign on demand will be granted this faithless generation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναστενάξαςhaving groaned deeplyAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναστενάζωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent/manner)→ constative aoristἀναστενάζω: 'sigh/groan deeply' (ἀνά-intensive of στενάζω); a sound of grief over their unbelief.
τῷtheDativearticle
πνεύματιin spiritDativedat. of sphere (inner being)πνεῦμα: here Jesus' own spirit — the groan rises from within him.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
Τίwhyinterrogative adverb (cause)τί: accusative of respect functioning adverbially, 'why?'
theNominativearticle
γενεὰgenerationNominativesubjectγενεά: 'generation'; the unbelieving contemporaries, an OT echo (Ps 95; Deut 32).
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative (attributive)
ζητεῖseeksPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζητέωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)ζητέω: 'seek, demand.'
σημεῖονa signAccusativedirect object
ἀμὴνtrulyparticle (solemn affirmation)ἀμήν: Hebrew 'amen'; Jesus' authoritative formula introducing a weighty pronouncement.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ present (performative)
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
εἰif (= surely not)conjunction (Semitic oath/aposiopesis)εἰ: in the Hebraic oath-formula εἰ δοθήσεται, an apodosis is suppressed, yielding an emphatic negation, 'no sign shall be given.'
δοθήσεταιwill be givenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (oath clause)→ predictive future (divine passive)δίδωμι: 'give'; the passive implies God as agent — no heavenly sign will be granted.
τῇto theDativearticle
γενεᾷgenerationDativeindirect object
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative (attributive)
σημεῖονsignNominativesubject of δοθήσεται
13

καὶ ἀφεὶς αὐτοὺς πάλιν ἐμβὰς ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸ πέραν.

And leaving them, he got into the boat again and went away to the other side.

DepartureκαὶJesus' abrupt abandonment of the sign-seekers enacts his verdict; the re-embarking carries the narrative back across the lake to the bread dialogue.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφεὶςhaving leftAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀφίημιcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, let go, abandon'; he forsakes the disputants.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ptc.
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)πάλιν: 'again'; a second crossing.
ἐμβὰςhaving embarkedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐμβαίνωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἐμβαίνω: 'embark, board.'
ἀπῆλθενhe went awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away, depart.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizes adv.)
πέρανother sideadverb substantized by τό (goal)πέραν: 'across, the far side'; an indeclinable adverb here substantized by the neuter article — the opposite shore of the lake.
14

Καὶ ἐπελάθοντο λαβεῖν ἄρτους, καὶ εἰ μὴ ἕνα ἄρτον οὐκ εἶχον μεθ' ἑαυτῶν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ.

Now they had forgotten to bring bread, and they had no more than one loaf with them in the boat.

Scene-setting — the breadΚαὶThe forgotten bread and the single loaf set up the misunderstanding of v.16; Mark notes it with deliberate irony given the surplus just gathered.
Καὶand/nowcoordinating conjunction
ἐπελάθοντοthey forgotAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιλανθάνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιλανθάνομαι: 'forget, neglect'; the disciples' oversight.
λαβεῖνto takeAor Act Inf · λαμβάνωcomplementary infinitive→ aoristicλαμβάνω: 'take, bring along.'
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect objectἄρτος: 'bread'; the literal provisions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰifconjunction (εἰ μή idiom = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')εἰ μή: 'except, but only'; the idiom of exception.
ἕναoneAccusativecardinal numeral (attributive)εἷς: 'one'; a single loaf — likely a foreshadowing of the 'one bread' that is Christ.
ἄρτονloafAccusativedirect object of εἶχον
οὐκnotnegative particle
εἶχονthey hadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ stative imperfect
μεθ'withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
ἑαυτῶνthemselvesGenitivereflexive pronoun (object of μετά)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
πλοίῳboatDativedat. of place (where)πλοῖον: 'boat.'
15

καὶ διεστέλλετο αὐτοῖς λέγων· Ὁρᾶτε, βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ τῆς ζύμης Ἡρῴδου.

And he was warning them, saying, “Watch out; beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod.”

WarningκαὶA double imperative warns against a corrupting 'leaven' — the unbelief and hostility of the Pharisees and of Herod, the two camps just encountered.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διεστέλλετοhe was warning/chargingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · διαστέλλομαιmain verb→ iterative imperfect (insistent)διαστέλλομαι: 'order, charge strictly, warn'; the imperfect conveys repeated insistence.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of speech (pleonastic)→ present (concurrent)
Ὁρᾶτεwatch outPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωimperative→ present (general precept)ὁράω: 'see, look out'; imperatival 'take care.'
βλέπετεbewarePres Act Impv 2 Pl · βλέπωimperative (+ ἀπό = beware of)→ present (general precept)βλέπω: 'look'; with ἀπό, 'beware of, guard against' — note the sight-language amid the chapter's theme of seeing.
ἀπὸofpreposition + genitive (separation/source of danger)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ζύμηςleavenGenitiveobject of ἀπόζύμη: 'leaven, yeast'; a metaphor for a pervasive, corrupting influence.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ΦαρισαίωνPhariseesGenitivepossessive/source genitiveΦαρισαῖος: 'Pharisee'; their sign-seeking unbelief is the 'leaven.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ζύμηςleavenGenitiveobject of ἀπό (coordinate)
Ἡρῴδουof HerodGenitivepossessive/source genitive (proper name)Ἡρῴδης: Herod Antipas; his hostility (cf. ch. 6) is a second corrupting leaven (some witnesses read 'the Herodians').
16

καὶ διελογίζοντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὅτι Ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχουσιν.

And they discussed with one another that they had no bread.

MisunderstandingκαὶThe disciples take 'leaven' literally, fixating on the forgotten bread — the dullness Jesus is about to rebuke.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διελογίζοντοthey were discussingImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · διαλογίζομαιmain verb→ iterative imperfectδιαλογίζομαι: 'reason, deliberate, discuss'; their muttered reasoning misses the point.
πρὸςwithpreposition + accusative (reciprocity)
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativereciprocal pronoun (object of πρός)
ὅτιthatconjunction (content; or causal 'because')ὅτι: read as content ('that they had no bread') or causal ('because').
ἌρτουςbreadAccusativedirect objectἄρτος: 'bread'; their literalist preoccupation.
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἔχουσινthey havePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (content clause)→ stative present
17

καὶ γνοὺς λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί διαλογίζεσθε ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε; οὔπω νοεῖτε οὐδὲ συνίετε; πεπωρωμένην ἔχετε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν;

And aware of it, he said to them, “Why are you discussing that you have no bread? Do you not yet perceive or understand? Are your hearts hardened?

Rebuke — a chain of questionsκαὶA cascade of reproachful questions exposes the disciples' incomprehension and 'hardened heart' — the very condition Mark elsewhere ascribes to the opponents.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γνοὺςknowing/awareAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · γινώσκωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristγινώσκω: 'know, perceive'; Jesus discerns their reasoning.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Τίwhyinterrogative adverb (cause)
διαλογίζεσθεdo you discussPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · διαλογίζομαιmain verb (question)→ present (durative)
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
ἄρτουςbreadAccusativedirect object
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (content clause)→ stative present
οὔπωnot yetadverb (time + negation)οὔπω: 'not yet'; their slowness, not final blindness.
νοεῖτεdo you perceivePres Act Indic 2 Pl · νοέωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)νοέω: 'perceive, understand with the mind'; intellectual apprehension.
οὐδὲnornegative conjunction
συνίετεdo you understandPres Act Indic 2 Pl · συνίημιmain verb (question)→ present (durative)συνίημι: 'comprehend, put together'; spiritual insight — the verb of Isa 6:9–10's hardening.
πεπωρωμένηνhardenedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · πωρόωpredicate ptc. (complement of ἔχετε)→ intensive perfect (settled state)πωρόω: 'harden, petrify, make calloused'; the perfect marks a fixed condition (cf. 6:52).
ἔχετεhave youPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (question)→ stative present
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
καρδίανheartAccusativedirect objectκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of understanding and will in Hebraic thought.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
18

ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες οὐ βλέπετε καὶ ὦτα ἔχοντες οὐκ ἀκούετε; καὶ οὐ μνημονεύετε,

Having eyes, do you not see, and having ears, do you not hear? And do you not remember?

Rebuke — prophetic indictmentasyndetonJesus turns the prophets' indictment (Jer 5:21; Ezek 12:2) on his own disciples — eyes that don't see, ears that don't hear — and presses memory of the feedings.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesAccusativedirect object of ptc.ὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the sight-motif binding this rebuke to the Bethsaida healing that follows.
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial ptc. (concessive)→ present (concurrent)
οὐnotnegative particle
βλέπετεdo you seePres Act Indic 2 Pl · βλέπωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)βλέπω: 'see'; the echo of Isa 6 / Jer 5:21.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὦταearsAccusativedirect object of ptc.οὖς: 'ear'; the hearing complement of the indictment.
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial ptc. (concessive)→ present (concurrent)
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἀκούετεdo you hearPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)ἀκούω: 'hear, listen.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐnotnegative particle
μνημονεύετεdo you rememberPres Act Indic 2 Pl · μνημονεύωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)μνημονεύω: 'remember, call to mind'; leading into the recollection of the two feedings.
19

ὅτε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους ἔκλασα εἰς τοὺς πεντακισχιλίους, πόσους κοφίνους κλασμάτων πλήρεις ἤρατε; λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Δώδεκα.

When I broke the five loaves for the five thousand, how many baskets full of fragments did you take up?” They said to him, “Twelve.”

Catechesis — first feeding recalledasyndetonJesus catechizes by the numbers: five loaves, five thousand, twelve κόφινοι — the abundance should have schooled their faith.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πέντεfivecardinal numeral (indeclinable)πέντε: 'five'; indeclinable — the loaves of the first feeding (6:38).
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object
ἔκλασαI brokeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · κλάωmain verb (temporal clause)→ constative aoristκλάω: 'break.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (benefit/reference)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πεντακισχιλίουςfive thousandAccusativeobject of εἰς (numeral substantive)πεντακισχίλιοι: 'five thousand' (declinable); the first crowd.
πόσουςhow manyAccusativeinterrogative adjectiveπόσος: 'how many.'
κοφίνουςbasketsAccusativedirect object of ἤρατεκόφινος: a smaller wicker basket (vs. σπυρίς of v.8); Mark keeps the two distinct.
κλασμάτωνof fragmentsGenitivegenitive of contentκλάσμα: 'fragment, broken piece.'
πλήρειςfullAccusativeattributive adjectiveπλήρης: 'full'; the baskets brimming.
ἤρατεdid you take upAor Act Indic 2 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (question)→ constative aoristαἴρω: 'take up, gather.'
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Δώδεκαtwelvecardinal numeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable — the surplus of the first feeding, perhaps evoking Israel's twelve tribes.
20

Ὅτε δὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ εἰς τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους, πόσων σπυρίδων πληρώματα κλασμάτων ἤρατε; καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ· Ἑπτά.

“And when I broke the seven for the four thousand, how many baskets full of fragments did you take up?” And they said to him, “Seven.”

Catechesis — second feeding recalledδὲThe parallel question on the second feeding (seven loaves, four thousand, seven σπυρίδες) seals the lesson the disciples have failed to learn.
Ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction
δὲandpostpositive (continuative)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (substantizes numeral)
ἑπτὰsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἑπτά: 'seven'; the loaves of this chapter's feeding (v.5).
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (benefit/reference)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
τετρακισχιλίουςfour thousandAccusativeobject of εἰς (numeral substantive)τετρακισχίλιοι: 'four thousand' (declinable); this chapter's crowd (v.9).
πόσωνhow manyGenitiveinterrogative adjective (gen.)πόσος: 'how many.'
σπυρίδωνbasketsGenitivepartitive/possessive genitiveσπυρίς: the large hamper of v.8 — the distinct word is again deliberate.
πληρώματαfillings/full amountsAccusativedirect object of ἤρατεπλήρωμα: 'that which fills, full measure'; the basketfuls.
κλασμάτωνof fragmentsGenitivegenitive of contentκλάσμα: 'fragment.'
ἤρατεdid you take upAor Act Indic 2 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (question)→ constative aoristαἴρω: 'take up.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγουσινthey sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Ἑπτάsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἑπτά: 'seven'; the surplus of the second feeding.
21

καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Οὔπω συνίετε;

And he said to them, “Do you not yet understand?”

Climax of the rebukeκαὶThe unanswered question hangs over the episode — and over the half-sight of the blind man immediately healed, who likewise sees in stages.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔλεγενhe was sayingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ iterative/durative imperfect
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Οὔπωnot yetadverb (time + negation)οὔπω: 'not yet'; their understanding is delayed, not denied — a hopeful 'yet.'
συνίετεdo you understandPres Act Indic 2 Pl · συνίημιmain verb (question)→ present (durative)συνίημι: 'understand, comprehend.'
22

Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς Βηθσαϊδάν. καὶ φέρουσιν αὐτῷ τυφλὸν καὶ παρακαλοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἵνα αὐτοῦ ἅψηται.

And they came to Bethsaida. And they brought to him a blind man and begged him to touch him.

Scene-setting — the blind manΚαὶThree historic presents (come, bring, beg) set the stage; the request for a healing touch echoes the chapter's sight-and-perception theme.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔρχονταιthey comePres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)ἔρχομαι: 'come.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
ΒηθσαϊδάνBethsaidaAccusativeobject of εἰς (proper place-name)Βηθσαϊδά: a fishing town on the lake's north shore; here taking an accusative -ν of motion-toward.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φέρουσινthey bringPres Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)φέρω: 'carry, bring.'
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
τυφλὸνa blind manAccusativedirect objectτυφλός: 'blind'; the man whose two-stage cure mirrors the disciples' gradual sight.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρακαλοῦσινthey begPres Act Indic 3 Pl · παρακαλέωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)παρακαλέω: 'urge, beseech, beg'; the entreaty for help.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἵναthatconjunction (content of request)
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἅψηται
ἅψηταιhe might touchAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἅπτομαιsubjunctive (ἵνα content clause)→ aoristicἅπτομαι: 'touch, take hold of' (+ gen.); the expected mode of healing.
23

καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ τυφλοῦ ἐξήνεγκεν αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς κώμης, καὶ πτύσας εἰς τὰ ὄμματα αὐτοῦ, ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῷ ἐπηρώτα αὐτόν· Εἴ τι βλέπεις;

And taking the blind man by the hand, he led him out of the village; and after spitting on his eyes and laying his hands on him, he asked him, “Do you see anything?”

The healing — first stageκαὶAn unusually tactile, private cure: leading out, spittle, laid-on hands, then a question — the only Gospel healing performed in two stages.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιλαβόμενοςhaving taken hold ofAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιλαμβάνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἐπιλαμβάνομαι: 'take hold of, grasp' (+ gen.); a gesture of personal care.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of ptc.χείρ: 'hand.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
τυφλοῦblind manGenitivegenitive of possessionτυφλός: 'blind man.'
ἐξήνεγκενhe led outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκφέρω: 'carry/bring out'; removing him from the crowd for a private cure.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἔξωout ofimproper preposition + genitiveἔξω: 'outside, out of.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
κώμηςvillageGenitiveobject of ἔξωκώμη: 'village'; Bethsaida, here called a village.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πτύσαςhaving spatAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πτύωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristπτύω: 'spit'; saliva used as a healing medium (cf. 7:33).
εἰςonpreposition + accusative (place)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ὄμματαeyesAccusativeobject of εἰς (place)ὄμμα: 'eye' (a rarer, more poetic word than ὀφθαλμός).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐπιθεὶςhaving laid onAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιτίθημιcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'lay/place upon'; the laying-on of hands.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ptc.χείρ: 'hand.'
αὐτῷon himDativedat. of place/person
ἐπηρώταhe askedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ imperfect (vivid)ἐπερωτάω: 'question, ask (of)'; the probing of progress.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
Εἴwhether/—conjunction (direct question, Markan εἴ)εἴ: introducing a direct question, 'do you...?' — a Semitizing usage.
τιanythingAccusativeindefinite pronoun (object)
βλέπειςdo you seePres Act Indic 2 Sg · βλέπωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)βλέπω: 'see, look.'
24

καὶ ἀναβλέψας ἔλεγεν· Βλέπω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὅτι ὡς δένδρα ὁρῶ περιπατοῦντας.

And looking up, he said, “I see men, for I see them like trees, walking.”

First-stage sight — partialκαὶThe man's vision is half-restored: figures move but are blurred 'like trees walking' — an image of the disciples' partial perception in vv.14–21.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναβλέψαςhaving looked upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναβλέπωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἀναβλέπω: 'look up' and 'regain sight'; the double sense is apt here.
ἔλεγενhe saidImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ imperfect (vivid)
ΒλέπωI seePres Act Indic 1 Sg · βλέπωmain verb→ present (durative)βλέπω: 'see.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἀνθρώπουςmenAccusativedirect objectἄνθρωπος: 'person, man'; the indistinct human shapes.
ὅτιfor/thatconjunction (causal/epexegetic)
ὡςlikeadverb (comparison)ὡς: 'as, like'; the comparison conveying blurred vision.
δένδραtreesAccusativepredicate accusative (comparison)δένδρον: 'tree'; the men loom tree-like — tall, indistinct.
ὁρῶI seePres Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ present (durative)ὁράω: 'see, perceive.'
περιπατοῦνταςwalkingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · περιπατέωpredicate ptc. (object complement)→ present (concurrent)περιπατέω: 'walk about'; the moving shapes betray they are people, not trees.
25

εἶτα πάλιν ἐπέθηκεν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ διέβλεψεν, καὶ ἀπεκατέστη, καὶ ἐνέβλεπεν τηλαυγῶς ἅπαντα.

Then he laid his hands on his eyes again, and he saw clearly and was restored and saw everything distinctly.

Second-stage sight — fullasyndetonA second touch completes the cure: he looks intently, is restored, and sees all things plainly — the full sight that true discipleship requires.
εἶταthenadverb (temporal sequence)εἶτα: 'then, next'; marking the second stage.
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)πάλιν: 'again'; the renewed laying-on of hands.
ἐπέθηκενhe laidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'lay upon.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect objectχείρ: 'hand.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (place)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesAccusativeobject of ἐπί (place)ὀφθαλμός: 'eye.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διέβλεψενhe saw clearlyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαβλέπωmain verb→ ingressive aoristδιαβλέπω: 'see clearly, look intently' (διά-thoroughness); vision sharpens.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπεκατέστηhe was restoredAor Act(intrans) Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαθίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκαθίστημι: 'restore to its former state'; the double-augmented form — full restoration.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνέβλεπενhe sawImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐμβλέπωmain verb→ imperfect (durative result)ἐμβλέπω: 'look at, gaze upon'; the ongoing clear sight.
τηλαυγῶςdistinctlyadverb (manner)τηλαυγῶς: 'clearly, far-shining'; with perfect distinctness, the opposite of the prior blur.
ἅπανταeverythingAccusativedirect objectἅπας: 'all, the whole'; he now sees all things plainly.
26

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτὸν εἰς οἶκον αὐτοῦ λέγων· Μηδὲ εἰς τὴν κώμην εἰσέλθῃς.

And he sent him home, saying, “Do not even enter the village.”

Command to silenceκαὶThe Markan messianic secret: the healed man is sent straight home, kept from the village's publicity — guarding against premature acclaim.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπέστειλενhe sentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send away, dispatch.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
οἶκονhomeAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)οἶκος: 'house, home.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of speech→ present (concurrent)
Μηδὲnot evennegative conjunction (prohibition)μηδέ: 'not even, nor'; intensifying the prohibition.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
κώμηνvillageAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)κώμη: 'village'; Bethsaida, to be bypassed.
εἰσέλθῃςyou should enterAor Act Subj 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor.)→ aoristic (prohibition)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go/come in, enter.'
27

Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς κώμας Καισαρείας τῆς Φιλίππου· καὶ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἐπηρώτα τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ λέγων αὐτοῖς· Τίνα με λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι;

And Jesus went out, with his disciples, to the villages of Caesarea Philippi; and on the way he asked his disciples, saying to them, “Who do people say that I am?”

The central questionΚαὶThe Gospel's hinge: 'on the way' Jesus poses the identity question that the whole half-book has been driving toward.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out, set out.'
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
μαθηταὶdisciplesNominativesubject (coordinate)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
κώμαςvillagesAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)κώμη: 'village'; the hamlets around the city.
Καισαρείαςof CaesareaGenitivegenitive of relationship (proper name)Καισάρεια: Caesarea Philippi, near Mt. Hermon — a Gentile, pagan-cult region, the setting for the confession.
τῆςthe (of)Genitivearticle
Φιλίππουof PhilipGenitivegenitive of relationship (proper name)Φίλιππος: the tetrarch Philip, who rebuilt the city — distinguishing it from coastal Caesarea.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνonpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ὁδῷwayDativedat. of place (where)ὁδός: 'way, road'; the Markan 'way' of discipleship, on which the passion-teaching begins.
ἐπηρώταhe askedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ imperfect (vivid)ἐπερωτάω: 'question.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativedirect object
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of speech→ present (concurrent)
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
ΤίναwhomAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (acc. subj. of inf.)τίς: 'who'; the accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative (predicate of εἶναι)
λέγουσινdo they sayPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄνθρωποιpeopleNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'people, men'; the popular opinion at large.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive (indirect discourse)→ stativeεἰμί: 'to be.'
28

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες ὅτι Ἰωάννην τὸν βαπτιστήν, καὶ ἄλλοι Ἠλίαν, ἄλλοι δὲ ὅτι εἷς τῶν προφητῶν.

And they told him, saying, “John the Baptist; and others, Elijah; but others, one of the prophets.”

The popular answersδὲThree inadequate verdicts — John, Elijah, a prophet — all cast Jesus as a forerunner-figure, none as the Christ.
οἱtheyNominativesubject (article as pronoun, οἱ δέ)
δὲandpostpositive (continuative)
εἶπανthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of speech (pleonastic)→ present (concurrent)
ὅτιὅτι recitativum
ἸωάννηνJohnAccusativepredicate accusative (answer to question)Ἰωάννης: John the Baptist; Herod's own fear (6:14–16) here voiced by the crowds.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
βαπτιστήνBaptistAccusativeappositionβαπτιστής: 'the baptizer'; John's epithet.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἄλλοιothersNominativesubject (implied 'say')
ἨλίανElijahAccusativepredicate accusative (proper name)Ἠλίας: Elijah, expected to return before the Day of the Lord (Mal 4:5; cf. 9:11–13).
ἄλλοιothersNominativesubject
δὲbutpostpositive (contrast)
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
εἷςoneNominativepredicate nominative (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; one prophet among others.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
προφητῶνprophetsGenitivepartitive genitiveπροφήτης: 'prophet'; a prophet of the old order, again short of Messiah.
29

καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπηρώτα αὐτούς· Ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος λέγει αὐτῷ· Σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός.

And he asked them, “But you—who do you say that I am?” Peter answered him, “You are the Christ.”

The confessionκαὶThe emphatic ὑμεῖς turns the question on the Twelve; Peter's terse confession 'You are the Christ' is the narrative summit — true, yet (vv.31–33) still half-sighted.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (intensive pronoun)
ἐπηρώταaskedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπερωτάωmain verb→ imperfect (vivid)ἐπερωτάω: 'question.'
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ὙμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)the emphatic 'you,' contrasting the disciples with 'people.'
δὲbutpostpositive (contrast)
τίναwhomAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (acc. subj. of inf.)
μεmeAccusativeaccusative (predicate of εἶναι)
λέγετεdo you sayPres Act Indic 2 Pl · λέγωmain verb (question)→ present (durative)
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive (indirect discourse)→ stative
ἀποκριθεὶςhaving answeredAor Pass(dep) Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιcircumstantial ptc. (pleonastic, of response)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; the Semitic 'answering, he says.'
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject (proper name)Πέτρος: 'Rock'; Simon, spokesman of the Twelve.
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΣὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
ΧριστόςChristNominativepredicate nominativeΧριστός: 'Anointed One, Messiah'; the title Peter confesses — Mark's whole first half answers 'who is this?' here.
30

καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ λέγωσιν περὶ αὐτοῦ.

And he sternly charged them to tell no one about him.

Command to silenceκαὶThe messianic secret again: a true title, uncoupled from the cross, would be misheard — so silence is imposed until the passion reframes it.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπετίμησενhe charged sternlyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, charge sternly, warn'; the same strong verb used of silencing demons (cf. v.33).
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
ἵναthatconjunction (content of charge)
μηδενὶno oneDativeindirect object (negated)μηδείς: 'no one.'
λέγωσινthey should tellPres Act Subj 3 Pl · λέγωsubjunctive (ἵνα content clause)→ present (durative)
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of περί
31

Καὶ ἤρξατο διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς ὅτι δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ παθεῖν καὶ ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ὑπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ τῶν γραμματέων καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστῆναι·

And he began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again.

First passion predictionΚαὶThe divine 'must' (δεῖ) governs the fourfold destiny — suffer, be rejected, be killed, rise — redefining messiahship by the cross immediately after the confession.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤρξατοhe beganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb (ingressive)→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; the turn to passion-instruction starts here.
διδάσκεινto teachPres Act Inf · διδάσκωcomplementary infinitive→ present (durative)διδάσκω: 'teach.'
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal main verb→ present (of divine necessity)δεῖ: 'it is necessary'; the divine 'must' of God's salvific plan.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
υἱὸνSonAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitivesυἱός: 'Son'; with τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, Jesus' self-designation.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουof ManGenitivegenitive (the title 'Son of Man')ἄνθρωπος: in 'the Son of Man,' Jesus' favored title, fusing Daniel 7's heavenly figure with the suffering destiny.
πολλὰmany thingsAccusativeaccusative of respect/extentπολύς: 'many'; the scope of the suffering.
παθεῖνto sufferAor Act Inf · πάσχωinfinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ aoristicπάσχω: 'suffer, undergo'; the first member of the passion.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποδοκιμασθῆναιto be rejectedAor Pass Inf · ἀποδοκιμάζωinfinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ aoristicἀποδοκιμάζω: 'reject after testing'; the verb of Ps 118:22 (the rejected stone).
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agency)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersGenitivegenitive of agencyπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; lay members of the Sanhedrin.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἀρχιερέωνchief priestsGenitivegenitive of agencyἀρχιερεύς: 'chief priest'; the high-priestly faction.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
γραμματέωνscribesGenitivegenitive of agencyγραμματεύς: 'scribe'; the legal experts — the three groups comprising the Sanhedrin.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκτανθῆναιto be killedAor Pass Inf · ἀποκτείνωinfinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ aoristicἀποκτείνω: 'kill, put to death.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (time)
τρεῖςthreeAccusativecardinal numeral (attributive)τρεῖς: 'three.'
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of time-extentἡμέρα: 'day'; 'after three days' = the resurrection interval.
ἀναστῆναιto riseAor Act Inf · ἀνίστημιinfinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ aoristicἀνίστημι: 'rise up'; the climactic, hope-bearing member of the prediction.
32

καὶ παρρησίᾳ τὸν λόγον ἐλάλει. καὶ προσλαβόμενος ὁ Πέτρος αὐτὸν ἤρξατο ἐπιτιμᾶν αὐτῷ.

And he spoke the word openly. And Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him.

Peter's protestκαὶThe 'plain' speech provokes Peter; that he dares to 'rebuke' (ἐπιτιμᾶν) his teacher reveals a messianism with no room for the cross.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρρησίᾳopenlyDativedat. of mannerπαρρησία: 'frankness, openness, boldness'; here 'plainly,' no longer in veiled parable.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativedirect objectλόγος: 'word, matter'; the passion-saying just given.
ἐλάλειhe was speakingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ iterative/durative imperfectλαλέω: 'speak, utter.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσλαβόμενοςhaving taken asideAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσλαμβάνωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristπροσλαμβάνω: 'take to oneself, take aside'; Peter draws Jesus apart.
theNominativearticle
ΠέτροςPeterNominativesubject (proper name)Πέτρος: Peter.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ptc.
ἤρξατοhe beganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb (ingressive)→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin.'
ἐπιτιμᾶνto rebukePres Act Inf · ἐπιτιμάωcomplementary infinitive→ present (durative)ἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, censure'; the same verb Jesus turns back on Peter in v.33.
αὐτῷhimDativedat. object of ἐπιτιμᾶν
33

ὁ δὲ ἐπιστραφεὶς καὶ ἰδὼν τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ ἐπετίμησεν Πέτρῳ καὶ λέγει· Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ, ὅτι οὐ φρονεῖς τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

But turning and seeing his disciples, he rebuked Peter and said, “Get behind me, Satan! For you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men.”

Jesus' counter-rebukeδὲJesus, with the disciples in view, returns Peter's rebuke in the sharpest terms: 'Satan' — for to deflect the cross is to think man's thoughts, the tempter's part.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun, ὁ δέ)
δὲbutpostpositive (contrast)
ἐπιστραφεὶςhaving turnedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιστρέφωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristἐπιστρέφω: 'turn around, turn back'; Jesus pivots to face Peter and the group.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνhaving seenAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; with the disciples in sight, the rebuke is also for their instruction.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
μαθητὰςdisciplesAccusativedirect object of ptc.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἐπετίμησενhe rebukedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke'; the verb now reversed onto Peter.
ΠέτρῳPeterDativedat. object of ἐπετίμησεν (proper name)Πέτρος: Peter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)
ὝπαγεgetPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπάγωimperative→ present (command)ὑπάγω: 'go away, depart'; 'get behind me' — return to the follower's place, not block the way.
ὀπίσωbehindimproper preposition + genitiveὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; the disciple's place (cf. v.34, 'come after me').
μουmeGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
ΣατανᾶSatanVocativevocative of address (proper name)Σατανᾶς: 'Satan, adversary'; Peter, urging the cross-less path, voices the tempter.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
οὐnotnegative particle
φρονεῖςyou set your mind onPres Act Indic 2 Sg · φρονέωmain verb (causal clause)→ present (durative)φρονέω: 'think, be minded, set one's mind on'; an orientation of the whole outlook.
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantival article (object)
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source/possessionθεός: God; God's perspective, which embraces the cross.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantival article (object)
τῶνofGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitivegenitive of source/possessionἄνθρωπος: 'man'; the merely human outlook that recoils from suffering.
34

Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν ὄχλον σὺν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἀκολουθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι.

And calling the crowd to him with his disciples, he said to them, “If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me.

The call to cross-bearingΚαὶThe cross is now made the pattern of discipleship: a three-fold summons — deny self, take up the cross, follow — binds the disciple's path to the Master's.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσκαλεσάμενοςhaving called to himselfAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · προσκαλέομαιcircumstantial ptc. (antecedent)→ constative aoristπροσκαλέομαι: 'summon, call to oneself'; the crowd is now included in the teaching.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ὄχλονcrowdAccusativedirect object of ptc.ὄχλος: 'crowd.'
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
μαθηταῖςdisciplesDativeobject of σύν (accompaniment)
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτοῖςto themDativeindirect object
Εἴifconjunction (1st-class condition)
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
θέλειwishesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb (protasis)→ present (durative)θέλω: 'will, wish, want'; discipleship begins in a deliberate will.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitiveὀπίσω: 'after, behind'; the follower's position behind the Master (cf. v.33).
μουmeGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
ἀκολουθεῖνto followPres Act Inf · ἀκολουθέωcomplementary infinitive→ present (durative)ἀκολουθέω: 'follow, accompany as a disciple.'
ἀπαρνησάσθωlet him denyAor Mid Impv 3 Sg · ἀπαρνέομαιimperative (apodosis)→ aoristic (decisive)ἀπαρνέομαι: 'deny utterly, disown'; renounce the self's claim to rule — the same verb of Peter's denial (14:30).
ἑαυτὸνhimselfAccusativereflexive pronoun (object)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀράτωlet him take upAor Act Impv 3 Sg · αἴρωimperative→ aoristic (decisive)αἴρω: 'lift, take up'; to take up the cross — to carry the instrument of one's own death.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
σταυρὸνcrossAccusativedirect objectσταυρός: 'cross'; the condemned man's beam — a vivid, shocking image of total self-surrender.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀκολουθείτωlet him followPres Act Impv 3 Sg · ἀκολουθέωimperative→ present (ongoing)ἀκολουθέω: 'follow'; the present marks the continual following that crowns the decisive acts.
μοιmeDativedat. object of ἀκολουθείτω
35

ὃς γὰρ ἐὰν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι ἀπολέσει αὐτήν· ὃς δ' ἂν ἀπολέσει τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου σώσει αὐτήν.

For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake and the gospel's will save it.

The paradox of lifeγὰρThe grounding paradox: the grasping self forfeits true life; the life surrendered for Christ and the gospel is the life secured.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (indefinite, subject)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐὰνeverparticle (with rel. = indefinite)ὃς ἐάν: 'whoever'; the generalizing relative.
θέλῃwishesPres Act Subj 3 Sg · θέλωsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ present (durative)θέλω: 'wish, want.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὴνlife/soulAccusativedirect objectψυχή: 'life, soul, self'; the whole self — both earthly life and eternal being are in play.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
σῶσαιto saveAor Act Inf · σῴζωcomplementary infinitive→ aoristicσῴζω: 'save, preserve, rescue.'
ἀπολέσειwill loseFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, lose, ruin'; the self-saver loses the self.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (indefinite, subject)
δ'butpostpositive (contrast)
ἂνeverparticle (with rel. = indefinite)
ἀπολέσειwill loseFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (indefinite rel. clause)→ predictive futureἀπόλλυμι: 'lose'; the willing surrender of one's life.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὴνlifeAccusativedirect objectψυχή: 'life, soul.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofimproper preposition + genitive (cause)ἕνεκεν: 'on account of, for the sake of.'
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of ἕνεκεν (emphatic pronoun)the loss must be 'for my sake' — allegiance to Christ is the decisive motive.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveobject of ἕνεκεν (coordinate)εὐαγγέλιον: 'gospel, good news'; Mark pairs Christ and his message as the joint cause.
σώσειwill saveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σῴζωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureσῴζω: 'save'; the paradoxical preservation of the surrendered life.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object
36

τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖ ἄνθρωπον κερδῆσαι τὸν κόσμον ὅλον καὶ ζημιωθῆναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ;

For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his life?

The unprofitable bargainγὰρA commercial metaphor presses the paradox: the whole world is no fair price for the one irreplaceable self.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative (accusative of respect)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ὠφελεῖdoes it profitPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὠφελέωmain verb (question)→ present (gnomic)ὠφελέω: 'benefit, profit, be of use'; the language of gain and advantage.
ἄνθρωπονa manAccusativeaccusative (object/subject of inf.)ἄνθρωπος: 'person, man.'
κερδῆσαιto gainAor Act Inf · κερδαίνωinfinitive (subject of ὠφελεῖ)→ aoristicκερδαίνω: 'gain, profit, win'; a mercantile verb — the world as acquired wealth.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
κόσμονworldAccusativedirect object of κερδῆσαικόσμος: 'world'; the sum of all earthly possession and power.
ὅλονwholeAccusativeattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, entire'; even the maximal gain falls short.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ζημιωθῆναιto forfeitAor Pass Inf · ζημιόωinfinitive (coordinate subject of ὠφελεῖ)→ aoristicζημιόω: 'suffer loss, be fined, forfeit'; the commercial loss balancing the gain.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ψυχὴνlife/soulAccusativeaccusative of respect (with pass. inf.)ψυχή: 'life, soul, self'; the priceless stake.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
37

τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ;

For what could a man give in exchange for his life?

No ransom-priceγὰρThe rhetorical question seals it: once forfeited, the self cannot be bought back — no exchange-price exists.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
δοῖcould giveAor Act Subj 3 Sg · δίδωμιdeliberative subjunctive (main verb)→ aoristic (deliberative)δίδωμι: 'give'; the rare subjunctive form δοῖ — 'what could one give?'
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'person, man.'
ἀντάλλαγμαin exchangeAccusativepredicate accusative (price)ἀντάλλαγμα: 'something given in exchange, a ransom-price' (cf. Ps 49:7–9); no equivalent can be paid.
τῆςfor theGenitivearticle
ψυχῆςlife/soulGenitivegenitive of price/exchangeψυχή: 'life, soul'; the irredeemable self.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
38

ὃς γὰρ ἐὰν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ μοιχαλίδι καὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ, καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται αὐτὸν ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν ἁγίων.

For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of him the Son of Man will also be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.

Eschatological warningγὰρThe section closes with the lex talionis of confession: present shame of Christ will be met by the Son of Man's shame at his glorious coming — first hint of the parousia in Mark.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (indefinite, subject)
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ἐὰνeverparticle (with rel. = indefinite)
ἐπαισχυνθῇis ashamed ofAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἐπαισχύνομαιsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ aoristicἐπαισχύνομαι: 'be ashamed of'; to disown Christ before others for fear of disgrace.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἐμοὺςmyAccusativepossessive adjective
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object (coordinate)λόγος: 'word, saying'; loyalty to Christ entails loyalty to his teaching.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
γενεᾷgenerationDativedat. of sphereγενεά: 'generation'; the present age, weighed and found wanting (cf. v.12).
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative (attributive)
τῇtheDativearticle
μοιχαλίδιadulterousDativeattributive adjectiveμοιχαλίς: 'adulterous'; the OT image of covenant-faithlessness toward God (Hos; Isa 57).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἁμαρτωλῷsinfulDativeattributive adjectiveἁμαρτωλός: 'sinful'; the generation's moral character.
καὶalsoadverbial/correlative (apodosis)
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativesubjectυἱός: 'Son'; with τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, the Son of Man as eschatological judge.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀνθρώπουof ManGenitivegenitive (the title 'Son of Man')ἄνθρωπος: in the title 'Son of Man,' now the glorious figure of Daniel 7 coming in judgment.
ἐπαισχυνθήσεταιwill be ashamed ofFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐπαισχύνομαιmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureἐπαισχύνομαι: 'be ashamed of'; the reciprocal disowning at the judgment.
αὐτὸνof himAccusativedirect object
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (indefinite)
ἔλθῃhe comesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιsubjunctive (ὅταν clause)→ aoristicἔρχομαι: 'come'; the parousia of the Son of Man.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
δόξῃgloryDativedat. of manner (attendant circumstance)δόξα: 'glory, splendor'; the divine glory shared with the Father.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
πατρὸςFatherGenitivepossessive genitiveπατήρ: 'Father'; the Son comes invested with the Father's own glory.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἀγγέλωνangelsGenitiveobject of μετά (accompaniment)ἄγγελος: 'angel, messenger'; the holy retinue of the coming Judge.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ἁγίωνholyGenitiveattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy, set apart'; the angels' character as God's consecrated hosts.