Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Matthew, Chapter 7ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΘΘΑΙΟΝ Ζ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε·

Do not judge, so that you may not be judged;

ProhibitionasyndetonAsyndeton opens a new movement. A present-imperative prohibition with a purpose/result clause: censorious judgment invites reciprocal judgment.
Μὴnotnegative with imperative (prohibition)μή: the negative proper to non-indicative moods; with the present imperative, 'stop / do not be habitually...'
κρίνετεjudgePres Act Impv 2 Pl · κρίνωmain verb (prohibition)→ imperatival, durative — forbids a settled practice of condemningκρίνω: to judge, pass sentence on; here in the censorious sense of condemning another.
ἵναso thatconjunction introducing purpose/result clauseἵνα: introduces the consequence to be avoided.
μὴnotnegative with subjunctiveμή: negates the subjunctive within the ἵνα-clause.
κριθῆτεyou may be judgedAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · κρίνωsubjunctive in negative purpose clause→ divine passive — the unnamed judge is God at the eschatonκρίνω: passive, 'be judged'; the future divine verdict.
2

ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε, καὶ ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν.

for with the judgment you pronounce you will be judged, and with the measure you use it will be measured to you.

GroundγάρTwo parallel lex talionis maxims grounding v.1: the standard one applies returns upon oneself.
ἐνwithpreposition (instrument/standard) + dat.ἐν: here of the standard or measure by which.
whichDativerelative pron., attracted, modifying κρίματι
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: grounds the prohibition of v.1.
κρίματιjudgmentDativedative of standard/instrumentκρίμα: the verdict or sentence pronounced; the standard of condemnation applied.
κρίνετεyou judgePres Act Indic 2 Pl · κρίνωverb of relative clause→ gnomic present — habitual practiceκρίνω: to pass sentence on.
κριθήσεσθεyou will be judgedFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · κρίνωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future, divine passiveκρίνω: future eschatological reckoning.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the parallel measure-maxim.
ἐνwithpreposition (standard) + dat.ἐν: of the measure used.
whichDativerelative pron. modifying μέτρῳ
μέτρῳmeasureDativedative of standard/instrumentμέτρον: a measure; the rabbinic proverb of measure-for-measure (middah).
μετρεῖτεyou measurePres Act Indic 2 Pl · μετρέωverb of relative clause→ gnomic presentμετρέω: to measure out.
μετρηθήσεταιit will be measuredFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · μετρέωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future, divine passiveμετρέω: future requital.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of indirect object/advantage
3

τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς;

Why do you look at the speck in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log in your own eye?

Rhetorical questionδέThe prohibition is dramatized: a rhetorical question contrasting fastidious attention to the brother's speck with blindness to one's own log.
τίwhyAccusativeinterrogative pron., adverbial accusative ('why?')τίς: interrogative; adverbial 'why, to what end?'
δὲbutdevelopmental conjunctionδέ: marks the turn to application.
βλέπειςyou look atPres Act Indic 2 Sg · βλέπωmain verb→ durative present — fixed staringβλέπω: to look at, gaze at.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with κάρφος
κάρφοςspeckAccusativedirect objectκάρφος: a dry stalk, chip, or speck of straw — a tiny mote.
τὸthe (one)Accusativearticle substantizing the prepositional phrase
ἐνinpreposition (location) + dat.ἐν: spatial, 'in.'
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀφθαλμῷ
ὀφθαλμῷeyeDativeobject of ἐν (location)ὀφθαλμός: eye.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀδελφοῦ
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of possessionἀδελφός: brother — here a fellow member of the community.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (pron.)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with δοκόν
δὲbutadversative conjunctionδέ: marks the contrast (speck vs. log).
ἐνinpreposition (location) + dat.ἐν: spatial.
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀφθαλμῷ
σῷyour ownDativepossessive adjectiveσός: 'your own' — emphatic by position and contrast.
ὀφθαλμῷeyeDativeobject of ἐν (location)ὀφθαλμός: eye.
δοκὸνlogAccusativedirect object of κατανοεῖςδοκός: a beam or rafter — a deliberately grotesque hyperbole against the κάρφος.
οὐnotnegative with indicativeοὐ: negates the indicative.
κατανοεῖςyou noticePres Act Indic 2 Sg · κατανοέωmain verb (second clause)→ durative presentκατανοέω: to consider attentively, take note of — stronger than βλέπω, sharpening the irony.
4

ἢ πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου· Ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ;

Or how will you say to your brother, 'Let me take the speck out of your eye,' while behold, the log is in your own eye?

Rhetorical questionA second rhetorical question with embedded direct speech: the absurdity of offering eye-surgery while blinded by one's own beam.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: introduces an alternative pressing of the same point.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverbπῶς: 'how (can it be that)?' — rhetorical.
ἐρεῖςwill you sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb→ deliberative/predictive futureλέγω: future ἐρῶ, 'I will say.'
τῷto theDativearticle with ἀδελφῷ
ἀδελφῷbrotherDativedative of indirect objectἀδελφός: brother, fellow.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
Ἄφεςlet / allowAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀφίημιimperative of permission introducing hortatory subjunctive→ permissive aorist — 'allow (that)...'ἀφίημι: to let, permit; idiomatic with following subjunctive, 'let me...'
ἐκβάλωI may take outAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἐκβάλλωhortatory/permissive subjunctive after Ἄφες→ aorist of intended single actἐκβάλλω: to cast out, remove.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with κάρφος
κάρφοςspeckAccusativedirect objectκάρφος: speck, mote.
ἐκout ofpreposition (separation) + gen.ἐκ: 'out of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ὀφθαλμοῦ
ὀφθαλμοῦeyeGenitiveobject of ἐκὀφθαλμός: eye.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶand yetcoordinating conjunction (here concessive/adversative)καί: 'and (all the while),' marking the incongruity.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'look!' — a frozen aorist imperative used as an attention-marker.
theNominativearticle with δοκός
δοκὸςlogNominativesubject of implied verbδοκός: beam, rafter.
ἐνinpreposition (location) + dat.ἐν: spatial.
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀφθαλμῷ
ὀφθαλμῷeyeDativeobject of ἐνὀφθαλμός: eye.
σοῦyour ownGenitivegenitive of possession (emphatic)σύ: emphatic possessive, 'your own.'
5

ὑποκριτά, ἔκβαλε πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σοῦ τὴν δοκόν, καὶ τότε διαβλέψεις ἐκβαλεῖν τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου.

You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

Command (resolution)asyndetonThe resolving command, with a vocative of rebuke: self-correction (πρῶτον) is the precondition of clear-sighted help.
ὑποκριτάhypocriteVocativevocative of direct address (rebuke)ὑποκριτής: 'actor,' play-actor; one whose outward role masks inward reality — a key Matthean indictment.
ἔκβαλεtake outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb (command)→ ingressive aorist imperative — do it decisivelyἐκβάλλω: cast out, remove.
πρῶτονfirstadverb of sequenceπρῶτον: 'first (of all)'; sets the priority of self-judgment.
ἐκout ofpreposition (separation) + gen.ἐκ: 'out of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ὀφθαλμοῦ
ὀφθαλμοῦeyeGenitiveobject of ἐκὀφθαλμός: eye.
σοῦyour ownGenitivegenitive of possession (emphatic)σύ: emphatic 'your own.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with δοκόν
δοκόνlogAccusativedirect object of ἔκβαλεδοκός: beam.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (consecutive)καί: joins the resulting clarity.
τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then, at that point' — only after self-correction.
διαβλέψειςyou will see clearlyFut Act Indic 2 Sg · διαβλέπωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureδιαβλέπω: to see clearly, look intently — the διά- conveys cleared, unobstructed sight.
ἐκβαλεῖνto take outAor Act Infin · ἐκβάλλωinfinitive of result/purpose (complementary)→ aorist infinitive of single actἐκβάλλω: cast out, remove.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with κάρφος
κάρφοςspeckAccusativedirect object of ἐκβαλεῖνκάρφος: speck.
ἐκout ofpreposition (separation) + gen.ἐκ: 'out of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ὀφθαλμοῦ
ὀφθαλμοῦeyeGenitiveobject of ἐκὀφθαλμός: eye.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀδελφοῦ
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of possessionἀδελφός: brother.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession
6

Μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν, μηδὲ βάλητε τοὺς μαργαρίτας ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν χοίρων, μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν καὶ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς.

Do not give what is holy to the dogs, nor throw your pearls before the swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to pieces.

Prohibition (proverb)asyndetonA chiastic guarding-proverb (give/holy/dogs — trample; throw/pearls/swine — tear), balancing v.1: discernment, not indiscriminate exposure of the sacred.
Μὴnotnegative with subjunctive (prohibition)μή: prohibitive negative.
δῶτεgiveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · δίδωμιprohibitive subjunctive (main verb)→ aorist subjunctive prohibition — do not (ever) do itδίδωμι: to give.
τὸtheAccusativearticle substantizing ἅγιον
ἅγιονholy thingAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)ἅγιος: holy; here 'what is holy' — perhaps consecrated sacrificial meat (cf. Exod 29:33).
τοῖςto theDativearticle with κυσίν
κυσίνdogsDativedative of indirect objectκύων: dog — scavenging, unclean; an image of the profane.
μηδὲnornegative coordinating conjunctionμηδέ: 'and not, nor,' continuing the prohibition.
βάλητεthrowAor Act Subj 2 Pl · βάλλωprohibitive subjunctive→ aorist subjunctive prohibitionβάλλω: to throw, cast.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with μαργαρίτας
μαργαρίταςpearlsAccusativedirect objectμαργαρίτης: pearl — emblem of priceless worth (cf. 13:45–46).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἔμπροσθενbeforeimproper preposition + gen.ἔμπροσθεν: 'in front of, before.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with χοίρων
χοίρωνswineGenitiveobject of ἔμπροσθενχοῖρος: pig — paradigmatically unclean (Lev 11:7).
μήποτεlestconjunction introducing negative purpose clauseμήποτε: 'lest, that ...not'; introduces the feared outcome.
καταπατήσουσινthey will trampleFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καταπατέωverb in μήποτε-clause (fut. indic.)→ predictive — the apprehended resultκαταπατέω: to trample down underfoot.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the pearls)
ἐνwithpreposition (instrument) + dat.ἐν: instrumental, 'with.'
τοῖςtheDativearticle with ποσίν
ποσὶνfeetDativedative of instrumentπούς: foot.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the second feared action.
στραφέντεςhaving turnedAor Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · στρέφωcircumstantial participle (attendant circumstance)→ aorist — the antecedent turn before the attackστρέφω: to turn (around); passive in form, 'turn themselves.'
ῥήξωσινthey may tear to piecesAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ῥήγνυμιsubjunctive in μήποτε-clause→ aorist of the feared violent actῥήγνυμι: to rend, tear apart (as a wild beast).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
7

Αἰτεῖτε, καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν· ζητεῖτε, καὶ εὑρήσετε· κρούετε, καὶ ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν.

Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.

Command and promiseasyndetonA new movement: three present imperatives, each paired by καί with a guaranteed (divine-passive/future) answer — escalating ask, seek, knock.
ΑἰτεῖτεaskPres Act Impv 2 Pl · αἰτέωmain verb (command)→ durative present imperative — keep askingαἰτέω: to ask, request (of a superior).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (imperatival καί = result)καί: imperative + καί + future = conditional promise.
δοθήσεταιit will be givenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future, divine passiveδίδωμι: 'be given' — by God.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of indirect object
ζητεῖτεseekPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ζητέωmain verb (command)→ durative present imperativeζητέω: to seek, look for.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (result)καί: imperatival result.
εὑρήσετεyou will findFut Act Indic 2 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureεὑρίσκω: to find.
κρούετεknockPres Act Impv 2 Pl · κρούωmain verb (command)→ durative present imperativeκρούω: to knock (at a door).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (result)καί: imperatival result.
ἀνοιγήσεταιit will be openedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive future, divine passiveἀνοίγω: 'be opened' — by God.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of indirect object
8

πᾶς γὰρ ὁ αἰτῶν λαμβάνει καὶ ὁ ζητῶν εὑρίσκει καὶ τῷ κρούοντι ἀνοιγήσεται.

For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened.

Ground (generalization)γάρGrounds v.7 by universalizing it (πᾶς): the promise holds without exception for each asker, seeker, knocker.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πᾶς: 'every, all'; with the article + participle, 'everyone who...'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: grounds the preceding promise.
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing αἰτῶν
αἰτῶνwho asksPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · αἰτέωsubstantival participle (apposition to πᾶς)→ durative present — the one who keeps askingαἰτέω: to ask.
λαμβάνειreceivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb→ gnomic presentλαμβάνω: to receive, take.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the parallel clauses.
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing ζητῶν
ζητῶνwho seeksPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ζητέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ durative presentζητέω: to seek.
εὑρίσκειfindsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ gnomic presentεὑρίσκω: to find.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the third clause.
τῷto the (one)Dativearticle substantizing κρούοντι
κρούοντιwho knocksPres Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · κρούωsubstantival participle (dat. of indirect object)→ durative presentκρούω: to knock.
ἀνοιγήσεταιit will be openedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb→ predictive future, divine passiveἀνοίγω: 'be opened.'
9

ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ;

Or what man is there among you, whom if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone?

Rhetorical question (a fortiori)Begins the a fortiori argument from human fatherhood; μή expects the answer 'no — surely not.'
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: introduces the supporting illustration.
τίςwho / whatNominativeinterrogative pron. (predicate)τίς: 'what (sort of) man?'
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
ἐξfrom / amongpreposition (partitive) + gen.ἐκ: 'from among.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivepartitive genitive
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (apposition to τίς)ἄνθρωπος: human being, man.
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pron., direct object of αἰτήσει
αἰτήσειwill askFut Act Indic 3 Sg · αἰτέωverb of relative clause (double acc.)→ future of supposed caseαἰτέω: to ask; with double accusative, 'ask someone for something.'
theNominativearticle with υἱός
υἱὸςsonNominativesubject of αἰτήσειυἱός: son.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἄρτονbreadAccusativedirect object (thing asked)ἄρτος: bread, loaf.
μὴsurely notinterrogative negative (expects 'no')μή: in a question, expects a negative answer.
λίθονstoneAccusativedirect object of ἐπιδώσειλίθος: stone — resembling a loaf, but inedible.
ἐπιδώσειwill giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιδίδωμιmain verb of the question→ predictive futureἐπιδίδωμι: to hand over, give.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object
10

ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ;

Or if he asks for a fish, will he give him a serpent?

Rhetorical question (a fortiori)A parallel illustration (fish/serpent); again μή expects 'no.'
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: introduces the second illustration.
καὶeven / alsoadjunctive adverbκαί: 'or also,' adding the parallel case.
ἰχθὺνfishAccusativedirect object (thing asked)ἰχθύς: fish.
αἰτήσειhe asksFut Act Indic 3 Sg · αἰτέωverb of supposed case→ future of supposed caseαἰτέω: to ask for.
μὴsurely notinterrogative negative (expects 'no')μή: expects a negative answer.
ὄφινserpentAccusativedirect object of ἐπιδώσειὄφις: snake, serpent — a dangerous counterfeit for a fish.
ἐπιδώσειwill he giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιδίδωμιmain verb of the question→ predictive futureἐπιδίδωμι: to hand over.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object
11

εἰ οὖν ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν.

If then you, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask him!

Inference (a fortiori conclusion)οὖνThe a fortiori payoff: from evil-yet-generous human fathers to the heavenly Father's far surer goodness toward petitioners.
εἰifconjunction introducing first-class conditionεἰ: 'if (as is the case)' — a real condition.
οὖνtheninferential conjunctionοὖν: 'therefore,' drawing the conclusion.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic pron.)σύ: emphatic 'you (of all people).'
πονηροὶevilNominativepredicate adj. with ὄντεςπονηρός: evil, morally bad — assumes fallen human nature.
ὄντεςbeingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · εἰμίconcessive participle ('though being')→ durative present — a settled conditionεἰμί: to be.
οἴδατεyou know howPerf Act Indic 2 Pl · οἶδαmain verb of protasis→ perfect with present sense — settled knowingοἶδα: to know; with infinitive, 'know how to.'
δόματαgiftsAccusativedirect object of διδόναιδόμα: a gift.
ἀγαθὰgoodAccusativeattributive adj. with δόματαἀγαθός: good.
διδόναιto givePres Act Infin · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive after οἴδατε→ durative present infinitiveδίδωμι: to give.
τοῖςto theDativearticle with τέκνοις
τέκνοιςchildrenDativedative of indirect objectτέκνον: child.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
πόσῳby how muchDativedative of measure (degree of difference)πόσος: 'how much'; with μᾶλλον, the a fortiori formula.
μᾶλλονmorecomparative adverbμᾶλλον: 'more, rather.'
theNominativearticle with πατήρ
πατὴρFatherNominativesubject of δώσειπατήρ: father; here God as Father.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing the phrase
ἐνinpreposition (location) + dat.ἐν: spatial.
τοῖςtheDativearticle with οὐρανοῖς
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐν (location)οὐρανός: heaven; Matthean plural.
δώσειwill giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureδίδωμι: to give.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsAccusativedirect object (substantival adj.)ἀγαθός: good; 'good things' (Luke 11:13 'Holy Spirit').
τοῖςto thoseDativearticle substantizing αἰτοῦσιν
αἰτοῦσινwho askPres Act Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · αἰτέωsubstantival participle (dat. of indirect object)→ durative presentαἰτέω: to ask.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of αἰτοῦσιν
12

Πάντα οὖν ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς· οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται.

So whatever you wish that people would do to you, do so also to them; for this is the Law and the Prophets.

Inference (summary maxim)οὖνThe inferential summit of the Sermon's ethics: the positive Golden Rule, clinched as the sum of 'the Law and the Prophets' (cf. 22:40).
Πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object (fronted, substantival adj.)πᾶς: 'all, everything.'
οὖνso / thereforeinferential conjunctionοὖν: gathers up the preceding teaching into a maxim.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pron. (correlative with Πάντα)ὅσος: 'as much/many as, whatever.'
ἐὰνeverparticle generalizing the relativeἐάν: here = ἄν, generalizing ('whatever').
θέλητεyou wishPres Act Subj 2 Pl · θέλωsubjunctive in indefinite relative clause→ durative presentθέλω: to wish, will, want.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing content/object clauseἵνα: introduces the object of θέλητε.
ποιῶσινthey would doPres Act Subj 3 Pl · ποιέωsubjunctive in ἵνα-clause→ durative presentποιέω: to do, act.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of indirect object
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄνθρωποι
ἄνθρωποιpeopleNominativesubject of ποιῶσινἄνθρωπος: human being; pl. 'people, others.'
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner (resumptive)οὕτως: 'in this way,' picking up the protasis.
καὶalsoadjunctive adverbκαί: 'also,' reciprocating.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic)σύ: emphatic 'you (for your part).'
ποιεῖτεdoPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (command)→ durative present imperative — habitual practiceποιέω: to do.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object
οὗτοςthisNominativesubject (demonstrative pron.)οὗτος: 'this (rule).'
γάρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: grounds the maxim in Scripture's intent.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
theNominativearticle with νόμος
νόμοςLawNominativepredicate nominativeνόμος: the Law (Torah); with 'the Prophets,' the whole OT revelation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins Law and Prophets.
οἱtheNominativearticle with προφῆται
προφῆταιProphetsNominativepredicate nominativeπροφήτης: prophet; 'the Prophets,' the prophetic corpus.
13

Εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης· ὅτι πλατεῖα ἡ πύλη καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν, καὶ πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι᾽ αὐτῆς·

Enter through the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and broad the way that leads to destruction, and many are those who enter through it;

Command and groundasyndetonA new movement: the command to enter the narrow gate, grounded (ὅτι) by the contrast with the wide gate and broad road thronged toward destruction.
ΕἰσέλθατεenterAor Act Impv 2 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (command)→ ingressive aorist imperative — make the decisive entryεἰσέρχομαι: to go in, enter.
διὰthroughpreposition (means/passage) + gen.διά: 'through.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with πύλης
στενῆςnarrowGenitiveattributive adj. with πύληςστενός: narrow, confined.
πύληςgateGenitiveobject of διάπύλη: gate (of a city or temple).
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because,' grounding the command.
πλατεῖαwideNominativepredicate adj. (fronted)πλατύς: broad, wide.
theNominativearticle with πύλη
πύληgateNominativesubjectπύλη: gate.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins gate and way.
εὐρύχωροςbroad / spaciousNominativepredicate adj.εὐρύχωρος: spacious, roomy.
theNominativearticle with ὁδός
ὁδὸςway / roadNominativesubjectὁδός: road, way, path of life.
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing the participle
ἀπάγουσαleading awayPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἀπάγωattributive participle with ὁδός→ durative presentἀπάγω: to lead away, lead off.
εἰςtopreposition (goal) + acc.εἰς: 'into, to.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἀπώλειαν
ἀπώλειανdestructionAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ἀπώλεια: ruin, perdition — eschatological destruction.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the crowd-clause.
πολλοίmanyNominativepredicate adj. (fronted)πολύς: many.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the participle
εἰσερχόμενοιwho enterPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · εἰσέρχομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ durative presentεἰσέρχομαι: to enter; deponent middle.
δι᾽throughpreposition (passage) + gen.διά: 'through.'
αὐτῆςitGenitiveobject of διά (the gate/way)
14

τί στενὴ ἡ πύλη καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν, καὶ ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτήν.

how narrow is the gate and constricted the way that leads to life, and those who find it are few!

Contrast (exclamation)asyndetonThe antithetical pair: exclamatory τί ('how!') underscores that the gate to life is narrow and its finders few.
τίhow!exclamatory adverbτί: here exclamatory ('how!'); some read ὅτι ('because').
στενὴnarrowNominativepredicate adj. (fronted)στενός: narrow.
theNominativearticle with πύλη
πύληgateNominativesubjectπύλη: gate.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins gate and way.
τεθλιμμένηconstrictedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · θλίβωpredicate participle (perfect, as adj.)→ perfect — a settled state of being hemmed inθλίβω: to press, compress; perf. pass. 'narrowed, compressed,' with overtones of the θλῖψις (tribulation) of the way.
theNominativearticle with ὁδός
ὁδὸςwayNominativesubjectὁδός: road, way.
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing the participle
ἀπάγουσαleadingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἀπάγωattributive participle with ὁδός→ durative presentἀπάγω: to lead away/off.
εἰςtopreposition (goal) + acc.εἰς: 'to, into.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ζωήν
ζωήνlifeAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ζωή: life — eschatological (eternal) life.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the 'few' clause.
ὀλίγοιfewNominativepredicate adj. (fronted)ὀλίγος: few, little.
εἰσὶνarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
οἱthoseNominativearticle substantizing the participle
εὑρίσκοντεςwho findPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · εὑρίσκωsubstantival participle (subject)→ durative presentεὑρίσκω: to find — the way to life must be sought out.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object (the way)
15

Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασιν προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσιν λύκοι ἅρπαγες.

Beware of the false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves.

Warning (command)asyndetonA new movement: a warning against false prophets, defined by the disguise/reality antithesis (sheep's clothing outside, wolves within).
ΠροσέχετεbewarePres Act Impv 2 Pl · προσέχωmain verb (command)→ durative present imperative — stay on guardπροσέχω: to attend to; with ἀπό, 'beware of, guard against.'
ἀπὸof / frompreposition (separation) + gen.ἀπό: 'from'; with προσέχω, marks what to guard against.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ψευδοπροφητῶν
ψευδοπροφητῶνfalse prophetsGenitiveobject of ἀπόψευδοπροφήτης: false prophet — one falsely claiming to speak for God.
οἵτινεςwhoNominativeindefinite/qualitative relative pron. (subject)ὅστις: 'who (being of such a kind)' — qualitative.
ἔρχονταιcomePres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιverb of relative clause→ durative presentἔρχομαι: to come; deponent middle.
πρὸςtopreposition (direction) + acc.πρός: 'to, toward.'
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of πρός
ἐνinpreposition (manner/clothing) + dat.ἐν: 'in,' of attire.
ἐνδύμασινclothingDativeobject of ἐνἔνδυμα: garment, clothing.
προβάτωνof sheepGenitiveattributive/material genitiveπρόβατον: sheep — the disguise of the harmless flock.
ἔσωθενinwardlyadverb of placeἔσωθεν: 'from within, inwardly.'
δέbutadversative conjunctionδέ: marks the disguise/reality contrast.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: to be.
λύκοιwolvesNominativepredicate nominativeλύκος: wolf — the predator of the flock.
ἅρπαγεςravenousNominativeattributive adj. with λύκοιἅρπαξ: rapacious, ravening, snatching.
16

ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς. μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλὰς ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα;

By their fruits you will know them. Do people gather grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles?

Test (principle and illustration)asyndetonThe diagnostic principle (fruit-inspection) with a rhetorical nature-question (μήτι expecting 'no'): false sources cannot yield good produce.
ἀπὸby / frompreposition (source/means) + gen.ἀπό: 'from,' here of the means of recognition.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with καρπῶν
καρπῶνfruitsGenitiveobject of ἀπόκαρπός: fruit; metaphor for conduct and its outcome.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐπιγνώσεσθεyou will knowFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐπιγινώσκωmain verb→ predictive futureἐπιγινώσκω: to recognize, know fully; the ἐπι- intensifies, 'discern for what they are.'
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
μήτιsurely notinterrogative particle (expects 'no')μήτι: strengthened μή in questions, 'surely... not?'
συλλέγουσινdo they gatherPres Act Indic 3 Pl · συλλέγωmain verb of question (impersonal 'people')→ gnomic presentσυλλέγω: to gather, collect.
ἀπὸfrompreposition (source) + gen.ἀπό: 'from.'
ἀκανθῶνthornbushesGenitiveobject of ἀπόἄκανθα: thorn, thornbush.
σταφυλὰςgrapesAccusativedirect objectσταφυλή: a bunch of grapes.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: 'or.'
ἀπὸfrompreposition (source) + gen.ἀπό: 'from.'
τριβόλωνthistlesGenitiveobject of ἀπότρίβολος: thistle, caltrop (a prickly weed).
σῦκαfigsAccusativedirect objectσῦκον: fig.
17

οὕτως πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ, τὸ δὲ σαπρὸν δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ.

So every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit.

Principle (generalization)asyndetonThe principle generalized (οὕτως): nature determines produce — good tree, good fruit; rotten tree, bad fruit.
οὕτωςsoadverb of manner (drawing the analogy)οὕτως: 'thus, in this way.'
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adj. with δένδρονπᾶς: every, all.
δένδρονtreeNominativesubjectδένδρον: tree.
ἀγαθὸνgoodNominativeattributive adj. with δένδρονἀγαθός: good (sound).
καρποὺςfruitsAccusativedirect objectκαρπός: fruit.
καλοὺςgood / fineAccusativeattributive adj. with καρπούςκαλός: good, fine, of high quality.
ποιεῖproducesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ gnomic presentποιέω: here 'produce, bear (fruit).'
τὸtheNominativearticle with δένδρον
δὲbutadversative conjunctionδέ: marks the antithesis.
σαπρὸνbad / rottenNominativeattributive adj. with δένδρονσαπρός: rotten, decayed, worthless.
δένδρονtreeNominativesubjectδένδρον: tree.
καρποὺςfruitsAccusativedirect objectκαρπός: fruit.
πονηροὺςbad / evilAccusativeattributive adj. with καρπούςπονηρός: bad, evil, worthless.
ποιεῖproducesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ gnomic presentποιέω: 'produce, bear.'
18

οὐ δύναται δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖν, οὐδὲ δένδρον σαπρὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖν.

A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit.

Principle (impossibility)asyndetonThe principle stated as impossibility (οὐ δύναται): the two natures are mutually exclusive in their fruit.
οὐnotnegative with indicativeοὐ: negates δύναται.
δύναταιis ablePres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ stative present — settled incapacityδύναμαι: to be able; deponent middle.
δένδρονtreeNominativesubjectδένδρον: tree.
ἀγαθὸνgoodNominativeattributive adj.ἀγαθός: good.
καρποὺςfruitsAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖνκαρπός: fruit.
πονηροὺςbadAccusativeattributive adj.πονηρός: bad, evil.
ποιεῖνto producePres Act Infin · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive after δύναται→ durative present infinitiveποιέω: 'produce, bear.'
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunctionοὐδέ: 'and not, nor.'
δένδρονtreeNominativesubject (of implied δύναται)δένδρον: tree.
σαπρὸνbad / rottenNominativeattributive adj.σαπρός: rotten, worthless.
καρποὺςfruitsAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖνκαρπός: fruit.
καλοὺςgood / fineAccusativeattributive adj.καλός: good, fine.
ποιεῖνto producePres Act Infin · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive→ durative present infinitiveποιέω: 'produce, bear.'
19

πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται.

Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.

Verdict (judgment)asyndetonThe judgment-verdict (echoing John the Baptist, 3:10): the fruitless tree is destined for the fire.
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adj. with δένδρονπᾶς: every, all.
δένδρονtreeNominativesubjectδένδρον: tree.
μὴnotnegative with participleμή: negates the participle (qualitative/generic).
ποιοῦνbearingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · ποιέωattributive participle with δένδρον→ durative presentποιέω: 'produce, bear.'
καρπὸνfruitAccusativedirect object of ποιοῦνκαρπός: fruit.
καλὸνgoodAccusativeattributive adj.καλός: good, fine.
ἐκκόπτεταιis cut downPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐκκόπτωmain verb→ gnomic present, passiveἐκκόπτω: to cut out/down, fell.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the two judgments.
εἰςintopreposition (goal) + acc.εἰς: 'into.'
πῦρfireAccusativeobject of εἰςπῦρ: fire — the fire of judgment.
βάλλεταιis thrownPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · βάλλωmain verb→ gnomic present, passiveβάλλω: to throw, cast.
20

ἄρα γε ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς.

So then, by their fruits you will know them.

Inference (refrain)ἄραThe inferential refrain (ἄρα γε) closing the unit, repeating v.16a: recognition is by fruit, not appearance.
ἄραso / thereforeinferential conjunctionἄρα: 'so, consequently.'
γεindeedemphatic particleγε: intensive, strengthening ἄρα ('so then, surely').
ἀπὸby / frompreposition (means/source) + gen.ἀπό: 'from,' of the means of recognition.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with καρπῶν
καρπῶνfruitsGenitiveobject of ἀπόκαρπός: fruit (conduct).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐπιγνώσεσθεyou will knowFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐπιγινώσκωmain verb→ predictive futureἐπιγινώσκω: to recognize, discern fully.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
21

Οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων μοι· Κύριε κύριε εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἀλλ᾽ ὁ ποιῶν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.

Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.

Antithesis (saying vs. doing)asyndetonA new movement: confession alone ('Lord, Lord') does not admit; only the doer of the Father's will enters. Jesus speaks as eschatological judge.
Οὐnotnegative (with πᾶς = 'not everyone')οὐ: with πᾶς, the Semitic 'not...every' = 'no one who merely...'
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival)πᾶς: 'every(one).'
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing λέγων
λέγωνwho saysPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωsubstantival participle (apposition to πᾶς)→ durative presentλέγω: to say.
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object
ΚύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: Lord, master — a confession of Jesus' lordship.
κύριεLordVocativevocative (emphatic repetition)κύριος: doubled for earnestness/urgency.
εἰσελεύσεταιwill enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureεἰσέρχομαι: to enter; deponent middle.
εἰςintopreposition (goal) + acc.εἰς: 'into.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with βασιλείαν
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰςβασιλεία: kingdom, reign.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with οὐρανῶν
οὐρανῶνheavensGenitivegenitive (Matthean periphrasis for God)οὐρανός: heaven; 'kingdom of heaven' = the kingdom of God.
ἀλλ᾽butstrong adversative conjunctionἀλλά: 'but (rather),' marking the true condition.
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing ποιῶν
ποιῶνwho doesPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (subject of implied εἰσελεύσεται)→ durative present — habitual obedienceποιέω: to do, perform.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with θέλημα
θέλημαwillAccusativedirect object of ποιῶνθέλημα: will, what is willed.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with πατρός
πατρόςFatherGenitivegenitive of source/possessionπατήρ: father; God as Father.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle substantizing the phrase
ἐνinpreposition (location) + dat.ἐν: spatial.
τοῖςtheDativearticle with οὐρανοῖς
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐνοὐρανός: heaven.
22

πολλοὶ ἐροῦσίν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ· Κύριε κύριε, οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν;

On that day many will say to me, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?'

Direct speech (plea)asyndetonThe eschatological scene: many plead a charismatic résumé done 'in your name'; the threefold τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι presses the claim.
πολλοὶmanyNominativesubject (substantival adj.)πολύς: many.
ἐροῦσίνwill sayFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb→ predictive futureλέγω: future ἐρῶ, 'will say.'
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object
ἐνonpreposition (time) + dat.ἐν: temporal, 'on.'
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative adj. with ἡμέρᾳἐκεῖνος: 'that' — the Day of Judgment.
τῇtheDativearticle with ἡμέρᾳ
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of timeἡμέρα: day; 'that day' = the eschatological judgment.
ΚύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: Lord.
κύριεLordVocativevocative (repetition)κύριος: doubled in earnest appeal.
οὐdid we notinterrogative negative (expects 'yes')οὐ: in a question expects an affirmative answer ('did we not...?').
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀνόματι
σῷyourDativepossessive adjectiveσός: 'your.'
ὀνόματιnameDativedative of means/instrument ('by/in your name')ὄνομα: name; 'in your name' = by your authority.
ἐπροφητεύσαμενwe prophesiedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · προφητεύωmain verb of question→ constative aoristπροφητεύω: to prophesy, speak by inspiration.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the claims.
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀνόματι
σῷyourDativepossessive adjectiveσός: 'your.'
ὀνόματιnameDativedative of meansὄνομα: name.
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect objectδαιμόνιον: demon, evil spirit.
ἐξεβάλομενwe cast outAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἐκβάλλωmain verb of question→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: to cast out, expel (exorcize).
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the third claim.
τῷtheDativearticle with ὀνόματι
σῷyourDativepossessive adjectiveσός: 'your.'
ὀνόματιnameDativedative of meansὄνομα: name.
δυνάμειςmighty worksAccusativedirect objectδύναμις: power; pl. 'mighty works, miracles.'
πολλὰςmanyAccusativeattributive adj. with δυνάμειςπολύς: many.
ἐποιήσαμενwe didAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ποιέωmain verb of question→ constative aoristποιέω: to do, perform.
23

καὶ τότε ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς· ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν.

And then I will declare to them, 'I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness.'

Direct speech (verdict)καίThe judge's verdict (a quasi-legal ὁμολογήσω, with an allusion to Ps 6:9): relationship, not résumé, decides — the unknown are dismissed as ἐργάται of ἀνομία.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: continues the scene.
τότεthentemporal adverbτότε: 'then, at that time' — on the Day.
ὁμολογήσωI will declareFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁμολογέωmain verb→ predictive future — a solemn public declarationὁμολογέω: to declare openly, confess; here the judge's formal pronouncement.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative ὅτι, introducing direct speech)ὅτι: recitative, untranslated, marking the quotation.
Οὐδέποτεnevertemporal adverb (emphatic negation)οὐδέποτε: 'never' — at no time was there relationship.
ἔγνωνI knewAor Act Indic 1 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb of quotation→ constative aorist — surveys the whole, never any acknowledgmentγινώσκω: to know; here in the relational/covenantal sense, 'acknowledge as my own.'
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἀποχωρεῖτεdepartPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀποχωρέωmain verb (command of dismissal)→ durative present imperative — the sentence of banishmentἀποχωρέω: to go away, depart, withdraw.
ἀπ᾽frompreposition (separation) + gen.ἀπό: 'from, away from.'
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of ἀπό (emphatic pron.)ἐγώ: emphatic 'me.'
οἱthe (ones)Nominativearticle substantizing ἐργαζόμενοι (nom. of address)
ἐργαζόμενοιwho workPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἐργάζομαιsubstantival participle, nominative of address (for vocative)→ durative present — habitual practiceἐργάζομαι: to work, do, practice; deponent middle.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἀνομίαν
ἀνομίανlawlessnessAccusativedirect object of ἐργαζόμενοιἀνομία: lawlessness, iniquity (a-νόμος); the quotation reworks Ps 6:9 (LXX), defining the rejected by their disregard of God's will.
24

Πᾶς οὖν ὅστις ἀκούει μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ ποιεῖ αὐτούς, ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν.

Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

Inference (closing parable)οὖνThe Sermon's closing parable (οὖν gathering all that precedes): the hearer-and-doer is the wise builder on rock.
ΠᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival)πᾶς: 'every(one).'
οὖνthen / thereforeinferential conjunctionοὖν: draws the Sermon to its application.
ὅστιςwhoNominativeindefinite relative pron. (apposition to Πᾶς)ὅστις: 'whoever.'
ἀκούειhearsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of relative clause→ durative presentἀκούω: to hear.
μουof mineGenitivepossessive genitive (with λόγους)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with λόγους
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούειλόγος: word, saying; here the whole Sermon.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adj. with λόγουςοὗτος: 'these.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins hearing and doing.
ποιεῖdoesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ durative present — habitual obedienceποιέω: to do, put into practice.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ὁμοιωθήσεταιwill be likenedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁμοιόωmain verb→ predictive future, passive ('will be like')ὁμοιόω: to liken, compare; pass. 'be like, resemble.'
ἀνδρὶto a manDativedative of comparison (after ὁμοιωθήσεται)ἀνήρ: man (adult male).
φρονίμῳwiseDativeattributive adj. with ἀνδρίφρόνιμος: prudent, sensible, wise (practically).
ὅστιςwhoNominativerelative pron. (subject of ᾠκοδόμησεν)ὅστις: 'who.'
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: to build (a house).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with οἰκίαν
οἰκίανhouseAccusativedirect objectοἰκία: house.
ἐπὶonpreposition (foundation) + acc.ἐπί: 'upon, on.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with πέτραν
πέτρανrockAccusativeobject of ἐπίπέτρα: rock, bedrock — the firm foundation.
25

καὶ κατέβη ἡ βροχὴ καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἔπνευσαν οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ προσέπεσαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἔπεσεν, τεθεμελίωτο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν.

And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on the rock.

Narrative (the storm tested)καίThe storm-test of the wise builder's house: a polysyndetic crescendo (rain, floods, winds), yet it stood — for (γάρ) it was founded on rock.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)καί: paratactic narrative connector.
κατέβηcame downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταβαίνω: to come/go down, descend.
theNominativearticle with βροχή
βροχὴrainNominativesubjectβροχή: rain, downpour.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: to come.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ποταμοί
ποταμοὶfloods / riversNominativesubjectποταμός: river; here the flash-flood torrents of the wadis.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
ἔπνευσανblewAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πνέωmain verb→ constative aoristπνέω: to blow (of wind).
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄνεμοι
ἄνεμοιwindsNominativesubjectἄνεμος: wind.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
προσέπεσανbeat againstAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσπίπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσπίπτω: to fall upon, beat against.
τῇtheDativearticle with οἰκίᾳ
οἰκίᾳhouseDativedative object of προσέπεσανοἰκία: house.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative adj. with οἰκίᾳἐκεῖνος: 'that.'
καὶand yetcoordinating conjunction (adversative)καί: 'and (yet),' marking the outcome.
οὐκnotnegative with indicativeοὐ: negates ἔπεσεν.
ἔπεσενit fellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπίπτω: to fall.
τεθεμελίωτοit had been foundedPluperf Pass Indic 3 Sg · θεμελιόωmain verb of γάρ-clause→ pluperfect — a prior, abiding state of being groundedθεμελιόω: to lay a foundation, found firmly.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: grounds the house's standing.
ἐπὶonpreposition (foundation) + acc.ἐπί: 'upon.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with πέτραν
πέτρανrockAccusativeobject of ἐπίπέτρα: rock, bedrock.
26

καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ μὴ ποιῶν αὐτοὺς ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον.

And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand.

Antithesis (the foolish builder)καίThe antithetical builder: hearing without doing is the foolish man who built on sand.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the contrasting case.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival)πᾶς: 'every(one).'
the (one)Nominativearticle substantizing ἀκούων
ἀκούωνwho hearsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀκούωsubstantival participle (apposition to πᾶς)→ durative presentἀκούω: to hear.
μουof mineGenitivepossessive genitive
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with λόγους
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούωνλόγος: word, saying.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adj.οὗτος: 'these.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins hearing and not-doing.
μὴnotnegative with participleμή: negates the participle.
ποιῶνdoingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (coordinate with ἀκούων)→ durative presentποιέω: to do, practice.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ὁμοιωθήσεταιwill be likenedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁμοιόωmain verb→ predictive future, passiveὁμοιόω: pass. 'be like, resemble.'
ἀνδρὶto a manDativedative of comparisonἀνήρ: man.
μωρῷfoolishDativeattributive adj. with ἀνδρίμωρός: foolish, stupid (whence 'moron').
ὅστιςwhoNominativerelative pron. (subject)ὅστις: 'who.'
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: to build.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with οἰκίαν
οἰκίανhouseAccusativedirect objectοἰκία: house.
ἐπὶonpreposition (foundation) + acc.ἐπί: 'upon, on.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἄμμον
ἄμμονsandAccusativeobject of ἐπίἄμμος: sand — the shifting, unstable foundation.
27

καὶ κατέβη ἡ βροχὴ καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἔπνευσαν οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ προσέκοψαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ ἔπεσεν, καὶ ἦν ἡ πτῶσις αὐτῆς μεγάλη.

And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell, and great was its fall.

Narrative conclusion (the collapse)καίThe same storm, the opposite end: the house on sand fell, and (climactic asyndeton-like καί) 'great was its fall' — the Sermon's last word a warning of ruin.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)καί: narrative connector.
κατέβηcame downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristκαταβαίνω: to descend.
theNominativearticle with βροχή
βροχὴrainNominativesubjectβροχή: rain.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: to come.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ποταμοί
ποταμοὶfloodsNominativesubjectποταμός: river, flood-torrent.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
ἔπνευσανblewAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πνέωmain verb→ constative aoristπνέω: to blow.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄνεμοι
ἄνεμοιwindsNominativesubjectἄνεμος: wind.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: narrative connector.
προσέκοψανbeat againstAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκόπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσκόπτω: to strike against, beat upon (a variation on προσπίπτω of v.25).
τῇtheDativearticle with οἰκίᾳ
οἰκίᾳhouseDativedative object of προσέκοψανοἰκία: house.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative adj.ἐκεῖνος: 'that.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: leads to the outcome.
ἔπεσενit fellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπίπτω: to fall.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: adds the climactic assessment.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ imperfect — describes the resulting ruinεἰμί: to be.
theNominativearticle with πτῶσις
πτῶσιςfallNominativesubjectπτῶσις: a falling, collapse, ruin.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession
μεγάληgreatNominativepredicate adj.μέγας: great — the total, catastrophic collapse.
28

Καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους, ἐξεπλήσσοντο οἱ ὄχλοι ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ·

And it happened, when Jesus had finished these words, that the crowds were astounded at his teaching,

Narrative conclusionκαίThe Matthean formula closing a discourse (καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν, cf. 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1): the crowds' astonishment at the teaching frames the Sermon's effect.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)καί: opens the narrative conclusion.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (Septuagintal 'it came to pass')→ constative aoristγίνομαι: to become, happen; the LXX-style transition καὶ ἐγένετο.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunctionὅτε: 'when.'
ἐτέλεσενfinishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τελέωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristτελέω: to finish, complete, bring to an end.
theNominativearticle with Ἰησοῦς
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: Jesus (indeclinable Heb. name here in nom.); the teacher whose word is now complete.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with λόγους
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of ἐτέλεσενλόγος: word, saying; the Sermon as a whole.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adj.οὗτος: 'these.'
ἐξεπλήσσοντοwere astoundedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπλήσσωmain verb (apodosis)→ imperfect — sustained, ongoing amazementἐκπλήσσω: to strike out (of one's senses), astound, overwhelm.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ὄχλοι
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος: crowd, multitude.
ἐπὶatpreposition (cause/basis) + dat.ἐπί: 'at, on the basis of,' giving the ground of amazement.
τῇtheDativearticle with διδαχῇ
διδαχῇteachingDativeobject of ἐπίδιδαχή: teaching, instruction (its content and manner).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
29

ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν.

for he was teaching them as one having authority, and not as their scribes.

Ground (narrative explanation)γάρGrounds the amazement: Jesus taught with inherent ἐξουσία, unlike the derivative, citation-bound authority of the scribes.
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίimperfect of periphrastic construction (with διδάσκων)→ imperfect — durative, customary teachingεἰμί: to be; here auxiliary of the periphrastic imperfect.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunctionγάρ: grounds the crowds' astonishment.
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωparticiple in periphrastic imperfect (with ἦν)→ durative present — continuous activityδιδάσκω: to teach.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: 'as, like.'
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνἐξουσία: authority, right, power — here Jesus' own inherent teaching authority, not delegated.
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωcircumstantial participle (manner)→ durative presentἔχω: to have, hold, possess.
καὶandcoordinating conjunctionκαί: joins the contrast.
οὐχnotnegativeοὐ: negates the comparison.
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: 'as, like.'
οἱtheNominativearticle with γραμματεῖς
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativesubject of implied ἐδίδασκονγραμματεύς: scribe, teacher of the Law — whose authority rested on cited tradition.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession