Revelation 11 — Clausal Layout (English)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

The measuring and the witnesses commissioned 11:1–6

vv. 1–2 — the reed given: measure the sanctuary, cast out the court

And there was given to me a measuring-reed like a rod,independent — the divine passive ἐδόθη — Ezek 40:3; Zech 2:1–2, the reed of survey

saying,participial — nominative with no expressed speaker — the seer's loose syntax; the unseen giver speaks

‘Rise and measure the temple of God and the altar and those worshipping in it.content — the command — to measure is to mark off and preserve

But the outer court of the temple, cast it out,content — the exception — the object fronted, the court excluded from the survey

and do not measure it,content — the prohibition doubled — μή + aorist subjunctive

for it has been given to the nations,cause — the ground — the same divine passive ἐδόθη: handed over, not lost

and they will trample the holy city forty-two months.cause — the ground continued — Dan 7:25; Lk 21:24: the trampling's fixed half-seven

v. 3 — the promise: my two witnesses

And I will grant to my two witnesses,content — the speech continues in the first person — δώσω, object unexpressed

and they will prophesy a thousand two hundred and sixty days,content — 1,260 days — the forty-two months of v. 2 counted from the other side

clothed in sackcloth.’participial — the prophet's mourning garb — testimony under lament

vv. 4–6 — the witnesses identified and armed

These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth.independent — Zech 4:3, 11–14 — the seer's comment resumes; masculine ἑστῶτες with feminine nouns, ad sensum

And if anyone wishes to harm them,conditional — protasis — leans on the fire below

fire pours out of their mouthindependent — the Elijah-fire internalized — 2 Kgs 1:10; Jer 5:14, the word as flame

and devours their enemies;independent — the fire consumes

and if anyone should wish to harm them,conditional — the protasis repeated near-verbatim, now subjunctive — the rule restated as statute

in this way he must be killed.independent — the verdict — δεῖ, the divine must; death by the very fire provoked

These have the authority to shut the sky,independent — the Elijah power — 1 Kgs 17:1; the complement infinitive kept in the clause

so that no rain may fall during the days of their prophesying,purpose — the drought coextensive with the 1,260 days (cf. Lk 4:25; Jas 5:17)

and they have authority over the watersindependent — the Moses power begins — Exod 7:17–21

to turn them to bloodcontent — epexegetic infinitive — what the authority is

and to strike the earth with every plague,content — πατάξαι … πληγῇ — the plague-vocabulary of Exodus, now unrestricted

as often as they wish.conditional — ὁσάκις ἐάν — indefinite frequency; backward-leaning on the powers-chain, so anchored

The beast and the bodies 11:7–10

vv. 7–8 — the beast from the abyss; the corpse in the street

And when they finish their testimony,conditional — ὅταν — temporal protasis leaning on the beast's war below: not until the testimony is done

the beast that comes up out of the abyss will make war with themindependent — Dan 7:3, 21 — the beast's first full entrance, introduced as already known

and will conquer themindependent — νικήσει — the martyrs' own verb turned against them (cf. 12:11)

and will kill them.independent — the triple future — war, victory, slaughter

And their corpse lies in the street of the great city,independent — verbless — the singular πτῶμα read: two witnesses, one corpse, one testimony

which is called spiritually Sodom and Egypt,relative — πνευματικῶς — the allegorical register announced; the city typed, not renamed

where also their Lord was crucified.relative — on πόλεως — the city fixed as Jerusalem: the book's only located crucifixion

vv. 9–10 — three and a half days of gazing and gloating

And some from the peoples and tribes and tongues and nations look at their corpse three and a half days,independent — vivid present — the fourfold world-formula gazes for the half-week

and they do not permit their corpses to be placed in a tomb.independent — burial refused — the last dishonor (Ps 79:2–3); the plural πτώματα now

And those who dwell on the earth rejoice over themindependent — the earth-dwellers — the book's fixed term for the unrepentant world

and make merry,independent — the gloating doubled

and they will send gifts to one another,independent — an anti-festival — gift-exchange over dead prophets; the future amid vivid presents

because these two prophets had tormented those who dwell on the earth.cause — the ground of the whole rejoicing-chain — the torment was the testimony itself

The resurrection and ascent 11:11–14

vv. 11–12 — the breath of life; taken up in the cloud

And after the three and a half days a breath of life from God entered into them,independent — Ezek 37:5, 10 — the breath enters the slain; the half-week expires

and they stood on their feet,independent — Ezek 37:10 verbatim — the valley of bones replayed in the street

and great fear fell upon those who beheld them.independent — the gazers of v. 9 now the fearers

And they heard a great voice from heavenindependent — the summons from above

saying to them,participial — the speech-frame

‘Come up here,’content — the summons — as to the seer at 4:1

and they went up to heaven in the cloud,independent — the cloud of the exalted — cf. 1:7; Acts 1:9

and their enemies beheld them.independent — vindication in the enemies' sight

vv. 13–14 — the earthquake, the remnant, the woe-tally

And in that hour there was a great earthquake,independent — the hour of the ascent — judgment keyed to vindication

and a tenth of the city fell,independent — a tenth only — judgment still measured

and seven thousand persons were killed in the earthquake,independent — ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων — a census of the dead; 1 Kgs 19:18 inverted, the seven thousand fall

and the rest became terrifiedindependent — οἱ λοιποί — for once a remnant that responds

and gave glory to the God of heaven.independent — the sole such response in the trumpet-cycle — contrast 9:20–21

The second Woe has passed;independent — the tally resumes 8:13; 9:12 — the interlude closed

behold, the third Woe is coming quickly.independent — the cue for the seventh trumpet

The seventh trumpet 11:15–19

v. 15 — the trumpet and the kingdom-cry

And the seventh angel sounded;independent — the last trumpet — held back since 8:2, announced at 10:7

and there were loud voices in heavenindependent — no plague follows — a proclamation instead

saying,participial — masculine λέγοντες with feminine φωναί — ad sensum: the voices are persons

‘The kingdom of the world has become our Lord's and his Christ's,content — the singular βασιλεία read — one world-realm, transferred whole (Ps 2:2)

and he will reign forever and ever.’content — singular βασιλεύσει — God and his Christ reign as one

vv. 16–18 — the elders' thanksgiving

And the twenty-four elders who sit before God on their thrones fell on their facesindependent — the court of ch. 4 — the attributive participle kept in the clause

and worshipped God,independent — the prostration completed in worship

saying,participial — λέγοντες carries the hymn

‘We give you thanks, Lord God Almighty,content — the book's only εὐχαριστέω-hymn — thanksgiving, not petition

who is and who was,phrase modifier — the title of 1:4, 8; 4:8 shorn of ὁ ἐρχόμενος — the coming one has come

because you have taken your great powercause — the ground — perfect εἴληφας: taken and now held

and begun to reign.cause — ingressive aorist — the reign has commenced

And the nations raged,content — Ps 2:1 — the nations' rage taken up into the hymn

but your wrath came,content — the wordplay — ὠργίσθησαν answered by ὀργή (Ps 2:5, 12)

and the time for the dead to be judgedcontent — second subject of ἦλθεν, the verb carried over — the appointed καιρός with its first infinitive

and to give the reward to your servants the prophetscontent — the second infinitive on καιρός — the day of recompense

and to the saintsphrase modifier — the dative column widens

and to those who fear your name,phrase modifier — the widest circle — the fearers of the name

the small and the great,phrase modifier — accusative in apposition to the datives — the seer's case-slip; every rank included

and to destroy those who destroy the earth.’content — the closing wordplay — διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας: judgment as strict symmetry

v. 19 — the opened temple and the theophany

And the temple of God in heaven was opened,independent — the ναός measured below (v. 1) opened above

and the ark of his covenant appeared in his temple;independent — the ark seen — the covenant kept in full view (Exod 25; 1 Kgs 8; 2 Macc 2:4–8)

and there were lightnings and voices and thunders and an earthquake and great hail.independent — the theophany cadence — 4:5; 8:5; 16:18–21, the crescendo here adding hail

Analysis. Revelation 11 alternates flush-left paratactic narrative — καί after καί at depth 0, the Semitic pulse of the whole book — with two suspended speech-columns. In vv. 1–3 the abrupt nominative λέγων (agreeing with no expressed speaker — the seer's habitual loose syntax, flagged on the line) carries a three-verse blue column: the measuring command, its exception (cast out the court, do not measure it, with its ὅτι ground — given to the nations, trampled forty-two months), and the first-person promise καὶ δώσω to the two witnesses — read here as one continuous divine speech, so that the 1,260 days fall from the same mouth as the forty-two months. Verses 4–10 revert to the seer's comment and narrative: the Zechariah-4 identification at 0, the twin εἴ-τις protases kept both and both leaning forward (the near-verbatim repetition is the point — the rule restated as statute), the powers-chain with its epexegetic infinitives hung on ἐξουσίαν, the ὅταν of v. 7 set as a temporal protasis above the beast's triple future, and the verbless singular πτῶμα line (one corpse, one testimony) trailing its two relatives that fix the great city as Jerusalem. The resurrection scene (vv. 11–13) runs almost entirely at depth 0 — Ezekiel 37 told in main clauses — with only the heavenly Ἀνάβατε ὧδε indented as quoted speech. The seventh trumpet (vv. 15–19) then hangs the book's two hymns as blue columns under masculine-ad-sensum λέγοντες lines: the kingdom-cry with its singular βασιλεία and singular βασιλεύσει, and the elders' thanksgiving, where the layout flags the truncated title ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν (ὁ ἐρχόμενος dropped — he has come), the Psalm-2 wordplay ὠργίσθησαν/ὀργή, the καιρός with its infinitive chain and dative column (ending in the accusative case-slip τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους), and the closing symmetry διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας. The theophany cadence seals the chapter at depth 0.