independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
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The measuring and the witnesses commissioned 11:1–6
vv. 1–2 — the reed given: measure the sanctuary, cast out the court
1
Καὶ ἐδόθη μοι κάλαμος ὅμοιος ῥάβδῳ,independent — the divine passive ἐδόθη — Ezek 40:3; Zech 2:1–2, the reed of survey
λέγων·participial — nominative with no expressed speaker — the seer's loose syntax; the unseen giver speaks
Ἔγειρε καὶ μέτρησον τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας ἐν αὐτῷ.content — the command — to measure is to mark off and preserve
2
καὶ τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν,content — the exception — the object fronted, the court excluded from the survey
καὶ μὴ αὐτὴν μετρήσῃς,content — the prohibition doubled — μή + aorist subjunctive
ὅτι ἐδόθη τοῖς ἔθνεσιν,cause — the ground — the same divine passive ἐδόθη: handed over, not lost
καὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν πατήσουσιν μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο.cause — the ground continued — Dan 7:25; Lk 21:24: the trampling's fixed half-seven
v. 3 — the promise: my two witnesses
3
καὶ δώσω τοῖς δυσὶν μάρτυσίν μου,content — the speech continues in the first person — δώσω, object unexpressed
καὶ προφητεύσουσιν ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἑξήκονταcontent — 1,260 days — the forty-two months of v. 2 counted from the other side
περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους.participial — the prophet's mourning garb — testimony under lament
vv. 4–6 — the witnesses identified and armed
4
οὗτοί εἰσιν αἱ δύο ἐλαῖαι καὶ αἱ δύο λυχνίαι αἱ ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου τῆς γῆς ἑστῶτες.independent — Zech 4:3, 11–14 — the seer's comment resumes; masculine ἑστῶτες with feminine nouns, ad sensum
5
καὶ εἴ τις αὐτοὺς θέλει ἀδικῆσαι,conditional — protasis — leans on the fire below
πῦρ ἐκπορεύεται ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶνindependent — the Elijah-fire internalized — 2 Kgs 1:10; Jer 5:14, the word as flame
καὶ κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν·independent — the fire consumes
καὶ εἴ τις θελήσῃ αὐτοὺς ἀδικῆσαι,conditional — the protasis repeated near-verbatim, now subjunctive — the rule restated as statute
οὕτως δεῖ αὐτὸν ἀποκτανθῆναι.independent — the verdict — δεῖ, the divine must; death by the very fire provoked
6
οὗτοι ἔχουσιν τὴν ἐξουσίαν κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν,independent — the Elijah power — 1 Kgs 17:1; the complement infinitive kept in the clause
ἵνα μὴ ὑετὸς βρέχῃ τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς προφητείας αὐτῶν,purpose — the drought coextensive with the 1,260 days (cf. Lk 4:25; Jas 5:17)
καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτωνindependent — the Moses power begins — Exod 7:17–21
στρέφειν αὐτὰ εἰς αἷμαcontent — epexegetic infinitive — what the authority is
καὶ πατάξαι τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇcontent — πατάξαι … πληγῇ — the plague-vocabulary of Exodus, now unrestricted
ὁσάκις ἐὰν θελήσωσιν.conditional — ὁσάκις ἐάν — indefinite frequency; backward-leaning on the powers-chain, so anchored
The beast and the bodies 11:7–10
vv. 7–8 — the beast from the abyss; the corpse in the street
7
καὶ ὅταν τελέσωσιν τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτῶν,conditional — ὅταν — temporal protasis leaning on the beast's war below: not until the testimony is done
τὸ θηρίον τὸ ἀναβαῖνον ἐκ τῆς ἀβύσσου ποιήσει μετ’ αὐτῶν πόλεμονindependent — Dan 7:3, 21 — the beast's first full entrance, introduced as already known
καὶ νικήσει αὐτοὺςindependent — νικήσει — the martyrs' own verb turned against them (cf. 12:11)
καὶ ἀποκτενεῖ αὐτούς.independent — the triple future — war, victory, slaughter
8
καὶ τὸ πτῶμα αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης,independent — verbless — the singular πτῶμα read: two witnesses, one corpse, one testimony
ἥτις καλεῖται πνευματικῶς Σόδομα καὶ Αἴγυπτος,relative — πνευματικῶς — the allegorical register announced; the city typed, not renamed
ὅπου καὶ ὁ κύριος αὐτῶν ἐσταυρώθη.relative — on πόλεως — the city fixed as Jerusalem: the book's only located crucifixion
vv. 9–10 — three and a half days of gazing and gloating
9
καὶ βλέπουσιν ἐκ τῶν λαῶν καὶ φυλῶν καὶ γλωσσῶν καὶ ἐθνῶν τὸ πτῶμα αὐτῶν ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἥμισυ,independent — vivid present — the fourfold world-formula gazes for the half-week
καὶ τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀφίουσιν τεθῆναι εἰς μνῆμα.independent — burial refused — the last dishonor (Ps 79:2–3); the plural πτώματα now
10
καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς χαίρουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖςindependent — the earth-dwellers — the book's fixed term for the unrepentant world
καὶ εὐφραίνονται,independent — the gloating doubled
καὶ δῶρα πέμψουσιν ἀλλήλοις,independent — an anti-festival — gift-exchange over dead prophets; the future amid vivid presents
ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ δύο προφῆται ἐβασάνισαν τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.cause — the ground of the whole rejoicing-chain — the torment was the testimony itself
The resurrection and ascent 11:11–14
vv. 11–12 — the breath of life; taken up in the cloud
11
καὶ μετὰ τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς,independent — Ezek 37:5, 10 — the breath enters the slain; the half-week expires
καὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτῶν,independent — Ezek 37:10 verbatim — the valley of bones replayed in the street
καὶ φόβος μέγας ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεωροῦντας αὐτούς.independent — the gazers of v. 9 now the fearers
12
καὶ ἤκουσαν φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦindependent — the summons from above
λεγούσης αὐτοῖς·participial — the speech-frame
Ἀνάβατε ὧδε·content — the summons — as to the seer at 4:1
καὶ ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ,independent — the cloud of the exalted — cf. 1:7; Acts 1:9
καὶ ἐθεώρησαν αὐτοὺς οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτῶν.independent — vindication in the enemies' sight
vv. 13–14 — the earthquake, the remnant, the woe-tally
13
Καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐγένετο σεισμὸς μέγας,independent — the hour of the ascent — judgment keyed to vindication
καὶ τὸ δέκατον τῆς πόλεως ἔπεσεν,independent — a tenth only — judgment still measured
καὶ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν τῷ σεισμῷ ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἑπτά,independent — ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων — a census of the dead; 1 Kgs 19:18 inverted, the seven thousand fall
καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἔμφοβοι ἐγένοντοindependent — οἱ λοιποί — for once a remnant that responds
καὶ ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.independent — the sole such response in the trumpet-cycle — contrast 9:20–21
14
Ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ δευτέρα ἀπῆλθεν·independent — the tally resumes 8:13; 9:12 — the interlude closed
ἰδοὺ ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ τρίτη ἔρχεται ταχύ.independent — the cue for the seventh trumpet
The seventh trumpet 11:15–19
v. 15 — the trumpet and the kingdom-cry
15
Καὶ ὁ ἕβδομος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν·independent — the last trumpet — held back since 8:2, announced at 10:7
καὶ ἐγένοντο φωναὶ μεγάλαι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷindependent — no plague follows — a proclamation instead
λέγοντες·participial — masculine λέγοντες with feminine φωναί — ad sensum: the voices are persons
Ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ,content — the singular βασιλεία read — one world-realm, transferred whole (Ps 2:2)
καὶ βασιλεύσει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.content — singular βασιλεύσει — God and his Christ reign as one
vv. 16–18 — the elders' thanksgiving
16
καὶ οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι οἱ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καθήμενοι ἐπὶ τοὺς θρόνους αὐτῶν ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶνindependent — the court of ch. 4 — the attributive participle kept in the clause
καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷindependent — the prostration completed in worship
17
λέγοντες·participial — λέγοντες carries the hymn
Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, κύριε ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ,content — the book's only εὐχαριστέω-hymn — thanksgiving, not petition
ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν,phrase modifier — the title of 1:4, 8; 4:8 shorn of ὁ ἐρχόμενος — the coming one has come
ὅτι εἴληφας τὴν δύναμίν σου τὴν μεγάληνcause — the ground — perfect εἴληφας: taken and now held
καὶ ἐβασίλευσας.cause — ingressive aorist — the reign has commenced
18
καὶ τὰ ἔθνη ὠργίσθησαν,content — Ps 2:1 — the nations' rage taken up into the hymn
καὶ ἦλθεν ἡ ὀργή σουcontent — the wordplay — ὠργίσθησαν answered by ὀργή (Ps 2:5, 12)
καὶ ὁ καιρὸς τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναιcontent — second subject of ἦλθεν, the verb carried over — the appointed καιρός with its first infinitive
καὶ δοῦναι τὸν μισθὸν τοῖς δούλοις σου τοῖς προφήταιςcontent — the second infinitive on καιρός — the day of recompense
καὶ τοῖς ἁγίοιςphrase modifier — the dative column widens
καὶ τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά σου,phrase modifier — the widest circle — the fearers of the name
τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους,phrase modifier — accusative in apposition to the datives — the seer's case-slip; every rank included
καὶ διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας τὴν γῆν.content — the closing wordplay — διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας: judgment as strict symmetry
v. 19 — the opened temple and the theophany
19
καὶ ἠνοίγη ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ,independent — the ναός measured below (v. 1) opened above
καὶ ὤφθη ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ·independent — the ark seen — the covenant kept in full view (Exod 25; 1 Kgs 8; 2 Macc 2:4–8)
καὶ ἐγένοντο ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταὶ καὶ σεισμὸς καὶ χάλαζα μεγάλη.independent — the theophany cadence — 4:5; 8:5; 16:18–21, the crescendo here adding hail
Analysis. Revelation 11 alternates flush-left paratactic narrative — καί after καί at depth 0, the Semitic pulse of the whole book — with two suspended speech-columns. In vv. 1–3 the abrupt nominative λέγων (agreeing with no expressed speaker — the seer's habitual loose syntax, flagged on the line) carries a three-verse blue column: the measuring command, its exception (cast out the court, do not measure it, with its ὅτι ground — given to the nations, trampled forty-two months), and the first-person promise καὶ δώσω to the two witnesses — read here as one continuous divine speech, so that the 1,260 days fall from the same mouth as the forty-two months. Verses 4–10 revert to the seer's comment and narrative: the Zechariah-4 identification at 0, the twin εἴ-τις protases kept both and both leaning forward (the near-verbatim repetition is the point — the rule restated as statute), the powers-chain with its epexegetic infinitives hung on ἐξουσίαν, the ὅταν of v. 7 set as a temporal protasis above the beast's triple future, and the verbless singular πτῶμα line (one corpse, one testimony) trailing its two relatives that fix the great city as Jerusalem. The resurrection scene (vv. 11–13) runs almost entirely at depth 0 — Ezekiel 37 told in main clauses — with only the heavenly Ἀνάβατε ὧδε indented as quoted speech. The seventh trumpet (vv. 15–19) then hangs the book's two hymns as blue columns under masculine-ad-sensum λέγοντες lines: the kingdom-cry with its singular βασιλεία and singular βασιλεύσει, and the elders' thanksgiving, where the layout flags the truncated title ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν (ὁ ἐρχόμενος dropped — he has come), the Psalm-2 wordplay ὠργίσθησαν/ὀργή, the καιρός with its infinitive chain and dative column (ending in the accusative case-slip τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους), and the closing symmetry διαφθεῖραι τοὺς διαφθείροντας. The theophany cadence seals the chapter at depth 0.