Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 13ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΙΓ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ εἶδον ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης θηρίον ἀναβαῖνον, ἔχον κέρατα δέκα καὶ κεφαλὰς ἑπτά, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κεράτων αὐτοῦ δέκα διαδήματα, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτοῦ ὀνόματα βλασφημίας.

And I saw rising out of the sea a beast having ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns ten diadems, and on its heads blasphemous names.

Vision sequenceκαίThe καὶ εἶδον formula opens a new vision-unit. In NA28 the dragon's standing on the sand is 12:18 (ἐστάθη); here at 13:1 John sees the sea-beast — a Danielic composite (Dan 7) gathering the four beasts' features into one.
Καὶandparatactic conjunction (vision-link)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (visionary perception)→ constative aorist; the recurring καὶ εἶδον that segments the Apocalypseὁράω: the seer's defining verb; introduces each new tableau of the revelation.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source/origin)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with θαλάσσης
θαλάσσηςseaGenitiveobject of ἐκ (place of emergence)θάλασσα: the sea, in apocalyptic the abyss of chaos and the nations (cf. Dan 7:3); the beast's origin marks it as hostile, restless power.
θηρίονbeastAccusativedirect object of εἶδονθηρίον: a wild beast; the dominant title for the imperial persecuting power throughout chs. 13–19.
ἀναβαῖνονrisingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · ἀναβαίνωattributive ptc. modifying θηρίον→ present ptc.; the durative emergence pictured as in processἀναβαίνω: 'come up'; the beast 'rises' from the sea as the Danielic beasts arose.
ἔχονhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · ἔχωattributive ptc. (further describing θηρίον)→ present ptc.; stative possession of its featuresἔχω: 'have, possess'; introduces the beast's symbolic anatomy.
κέραταhornsAccusativeobject of ἔχονκέρας: a horn, the standard biblical emblem of kingly power and might (cf. Dan 7:7, 24); ten = totality of rulers.
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral modifying κέραταδέκα: ten; the Danielic ten kings (Dan 7:24), a complete coalition of power.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativeobject of ἔχον (coordinate)κεφαλή: head; seven heads (cf. 17:9–10) — seven mountains/kings, fullness of the beast's successive rule.
ἑπτάsevenindeclinable numeral modifying κεφαλάςἑπτά: seven; the parody-fullness of the beast, set against the genuine sevens of God and the Lamb.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with κεράτων
κεράτωνhornsGenitiveobject of ἐπί (location)
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral modifying διαδήματα
διαδήματαdiademsNominativenominative in a verbless description ('there were ten diadems')διάδημα: a royal crown of sovereignty (not the victor's στέφανος); the beast's claim to kingship — ten, matched to its horns.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position over)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with κεφαλάς
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativeobject of ἐπί (location)
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ὀνόματαnamesNominativenominative in verbless description ('there were … names')ὄνομα: name; the blasphemous titles (cf. 17:3) — imperial divine claims (divus, dominus et deus) inscribed on the beast.
βλασφημίαςof blasphemyGenitiveattributive genitive (of quality)βλασφημία: blasphemy, slander against God; the names usurp divine honor.
2

καὶ τὸ θηρίον ὃ εἶδον ἦν ὅμοιον παρδάλει, καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς ἄρκου, καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ὡς στόμα λέοντος. καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ δράκων τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην.

And the beast that I saw was like a leopard, and its feet were like a bear's, and its mouth like a lion's mouth. And the dragon gave it his power and his throne and great authority.

Description and grantκαίThe beast fuses the first three Danielic beasts (Dan 7:4–6 — lion, bear, leopard) in reverse order, embodying all imperial tyranny. The dragon's threefold grant (power, throne, authority) is a satanic parody of the Father's gift to the Lamb.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle with θηρίον
θηρίονbeastNominativesubject of ἦν
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδον)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicate ὅμοιον)→ imperfect of description
ὅμοιονlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dative)ὅμοιος: 'like, resembling'; governs the dative παρδάλει.
παρδάλειa leopardDativedative of comparison after ὅμοιονπάρδαλις: leopard (Dan 7:6, the third beast = Greece); swift, spotted, predatory.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle with πόδες
πόδεςfeetNominativesubject (verbless: 'were like')πούς: foot.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particle
ἄρκουa bear'sGenitivegenitive of comparison (after ὡς)ἄρκος: bear (Dan 7:5, the second beast = Media-Persia); crushing strength.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle with στόμα
στόμαmouthNominativesubject (verbless)στόμα: mouth; emblem of the beast's devouring speech (cf. v.5).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particle
στόμαthe mouthNominativepredicate (comparison)
λέοντοςof a lionGenitivegenitive of source/qualityλέων: lion (Dan 7:4, the first beast = Babylon); the devouring roar (cf. 1 Pet 5:8).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (+ dat. αὐτῷ)→ constative aorist; the satanic investitureδίδωμι: 'give, grant'; the dragon delegates his power — a counterfeit of God's authorizing of the Lamb.
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object (the beast)
theNominativearticle with δράκων
δράκωνdragonNominativesubject of ἔδωκενδράκων: the dragon = Satan (12:9); the beast's empowerer and the object of worship through it.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with δύναμιν
δύναμινpowerAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενδύναμις: power, might.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (the dragon's)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θρόνον
θρόνονthroneAccusativedirect object (coordinate)θρόνος: throne; the dragon's seat of rule — anti-throne to God's (4:2).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object (coordinate)ἐξουσία: authority, delegated right to act; the keyword of the chapter (vv.2, 4, 5, 7, 12).
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: great; the scale of the delegated power.
3

καὶ μίαν ἐκ τῶν κεφαλῶν αὐτοῦ ὡς ἐσφαγμένην εἰς θάνατον, καὶ ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ ἐθεραπεύθη. καὶ ἐθαυμάσθη ὅλη ἡ γῆ ὀπίσω τοῦ θηρίου,

And one of its heads seemed slain to death, but its death-wound was healed. And the whole earth marveled and followed after the beast,

Vision detail and consequenceκαίThe healed mortal wound (ὡς ἐσφαγμένην — the same participle used of the slain Lamb in 5:6) is a deliberate parody of the resurrection, the source of the world's awe. Often read against the Nero redivivus legend.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
μίανoneAccusativeobject of an understood 'I saw' (anacoluthon)εἷς: 'one' (fem.); one of the seven heads singled out.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with κεφαλῶν
κεφαλῶνheadsGenitivepartitive genitive after ἐκ
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςas ifcomparative particle (appearance)ὡς: 'as if, seemingly'; the wound looked mortal — perhaps marking the resurrection-parody as counterfeit.
ἐσφαγμένηνslainPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · σφάζωpredicate ptc. (perfect of state) modifying μίαν→ intensive perfect; an abiding slain-state, echoing the Lamb 'as slain' (5:6)σφάζω: to slaughter (sacrificially); the very verb used of the Lamb — the beast mimics the slain-yet-living one.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (result)
θάνατονdeathAccusativeobject of εἰς (result/extent)θάνατος: death; the wound was mortal in appearance.
καὶbutadversative-paratactic καί
theNominativearticle with πληγή
πληγὴwoundNominativesubject of ἐθεραπεύθηπληγή: a blow, wound (also 'plague'); here the death-stroke.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θανάτου
θανάτουdeathGenitiveattributive genitive ('death-wound')
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐθεραπεύθηwas healedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θεραπεύωmain verb (passive)→ constative aorist; divine passive turned to the beast's seeming triumphθεραπεύω: to heal, cure; the healing of the death-wound is the engine of the world's worship (v.12).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐθαυμάσθηmarveledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θαυμάζωmain verb (deponent-passive sense: 'was made to wonder')→ constative aorist; astonished allegianceθαυμάζω: to wonder, marvel; the awe that becomes worship (v.4).
ὅληwholeNominativeattributive adjective with γῆὅλος: whole, entire; the universal scope of the beast's following.
theNominativearticle with γῆ
γῆearthNominativesubject of ἐθαυμάσθηγῆ: the earth; here the unbelieving world, the 'earth-dwellers.'
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive ('went after')ὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; idiom for following as a disciple — the world's discipleship to the beast.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω
4

καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ δράκοντι ὅτι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θηρίῳ λέγοντες· Τίς ὅμοιος τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ τίς δύναται πολεμῆσαι μετ’ αὐτοῦ;

and they worshiped the dragon because he had given the authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast, saying, 'Who is like the beast, and who can wage war against it?'

Consequence (worship)καίWorship of the beast is at root worship of the dragon. The acclamation 'Who is like the beast?' is a blasphemous parody of the incomparability of God (Exod 15:11; Ps 35:10 — מי כמוך, 'Who is like you?').
καὶandparatactic conjunction
προσεκύνησανthey worshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb (+ dat. τῷ δράκοντι)→ constative aorist; the act of homageπροσκυνέω: to prostrate, do homage, worship; the chapter's idolatry-verb (vv.4, 8, 12, 15).
τῷtheDativearticle with δράκοντι
δράκοντιdragonDativedative object of προσκυνέω
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of the causal clause→ constative aorist
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἐξουσίαν
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν
τῷto theDativearticle with θηρίῳ
θηρίῳbeastDativeindirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσεκύνησανthey worshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb (coordinate)→ constative aorist
τῷtheDativearticle with θηρίῳ
θηρίῳbeastDativedative object of προσκυνέω
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant circumstance (introducing speech)→ present ptc.; concurrent acclamationλέγω: to say; introduces the worshipers' chant.
ΤίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)τίς: 'who?'; the incomparability-formula turned into idolatrous boast.
ὅμοιοςlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dative)ὅμοιος: like; cf. Michael's name ('Who is like God?') ironically inverted.
τῷtheDativearticle with θηρίῳ
θηρίῳbeastDativedative of comparison after ὅμοιος
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)
δύναταιis ablePres Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (+ infinitive)→ present; the (false) claim of invincibilityδύναμαι: to be able.
πολεμῆσαιto wage warAor Act Infin · πολεμέωcomplementary infinitive→ aorist infinitive (the act in summary)πολεμέω: to make war; warfare against the beast deemed hopeless (cf. v.7, the beast warring on the saints).
μετ’againstpreposition + genitive (here 'against,' Hebraic)μετά: 'with' — but in the Apocalypse's idiom (cf. 12:7) 'wage war with' = 'against.'
αὐτοῦitGenitiveobject of μετά
5

Καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ στόμα λαλοῦν μεγάλα καὶ βλασφημίας, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐξουσία ποιῆσαι μῆνας τεσσεράκοντα δύο.

And there was given to it a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies, and it was given authority to act for forty-two months.

Divine permission (passive)καίThe recurring 'divine passive' ἐδόθη ('it was given') governs the unit (vv.5, 7): even the beast's tyranny operates only by God's permission and within a fixed limit. The forty-two months (= 3½ years, 1260 days) is the Danielic 'time, times, half a time' (Dan 7:25; 12:7), the bounded period of trial.
Καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive, + dat.)→ constative aorist; the bounded permission granted from aboveδίδωμι (pass.): 'it was given' — the chapter's theology of permitted evil; God grants, hence limits, the beast's reign.
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object (the beast)
στόμαa mouthNominativesubject of ἐδόθηστόμα: mouth; the organ of arrogant blasphemy (Dan 7:8, 'a mouth speaking great things').
λαλοῦνspeakingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · λαλέωattributive ptc. modifying στόμα→ present ptc.; continuous arrogant speechλαλέω: to speak, utter.
μεγάλαgreat thingsAccusativeobject of λαλοῦν (substantival neut. pl.)μέγας: 'great things' = boastful, arrogant claims (Dan 7:8, 20).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βλασφημίαςblasphemiesAccusativeobject of λαλοῦν (coordinate, acc. pl.)βλασφημία: blasphemy; the beast's speech is direct affront to God (v.6).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive, coordinate)→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object
ἐξουσίαauthorityNominativesubject of ἐδόθηἐξουσία: authority — here to 'act/exercise power' for a fixed span.
ποιῆσαιto actAor Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive (defining ἐξουσία)→ aorist infinitive; 'to act / continue / make war' for the periodποιέω: 'do, act'; here perhaps with the temporal sense 'to continue/act' (cf. the idiom 'make/spend [time]').
μῆναςmonthsAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeμήν: month.
τεσσεράκονταfortyindeclinable numeralτεσσεράκοντα: forty; with δύο = the 42-month period of bounded persecution (Dan 7:25; cf. Rev 11:2; 12:6).
δύοtwoindeclinable numeralδύο: two.
6

καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εἰς βλασφημίας πρὸς τὸν θεόν, βλασφημῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ, τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ σκηνοῦντας.

And it opened its mouth in blasphemies against God, to blaspheme his name and his dwelling, those who dwell in heaven.

Realization of v.5καίThe beast enacts the permitted blasphemy. Its targets ascend: God's name, his dwelling (σκηνή — tabernacle/presence), and the heaven-dwellers. The σκηνή/σκηνοῦντας wordplay binds God's dwelling to those who dwell with him.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἤνοιξενit openedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb→ ingressive-constative aoristἀνοίγω: to open; 'opened its mouth' — a Semitic idiom for beginning solemn speech, here blasphemy.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with στόμα
στόμαmouthAccusativedirect object
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)
βλασφημίαςblasphemiesAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)βλασφημία: blasphemy.
πρὸςagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θεόν
θεόνGodAccusativeobject of πρόςθεός: God; the direct target of the blasphemy.
βλασφημῆσαιto blasphemeAor Act Infin · βλασφημέωinfinitive of purpose (epexegetical)→ aorist infinitive; defines the blasphemiesβλασφημέω: to slander, blaspheme.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ὄνομα
ὄνομαnameAccusativeobject of βλασφημῆσαιὄνομα: name; God's revealed character and honor.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with σκηνήν
σκηνὴνdwellingAccusativeobject of βλασφημῆσαι (coordinate)σκηνή: tent, tabernacle, dwelling; God's heavenly presence (cf. 21:3).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (substantizing the ptc.), in apposition to σκηνήν
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle with οὐρανῷ
οὐρανῷheavenDativeobject of ἐνοὐρανός: heaven.
σκηνοῦνταςwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · σκηνόωsubstantival ptc. (in apposition to σκηνήν)→ present ptc.; the abiding heaven-dwellersσκηνόω: to dwell, tabernacle; deliberately echoes σκηνή — the redeemed who tabernacle with God.
7

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ποιῆσαι πόλεμον μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων καὶ νικῆσαι αὐτούς, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐξουσία ἐπὶ πᾶσαν φυλὴν καὶ λαὸν καὶ γλῶσσαν καὶ ἔθνος.

And it was given to it to make war on the saints and to conquer them, and authority was given to it over every tribe and people and tongue and nation.

Divine permission (passive)καίThe beast 'conquers' (νικῆσαι) the saints physically — yet the book has already redefined true conquest (νικάω) as the martyr's faithfulness unto death (12:11). The fourfold 'tribe, people, tongue, nation' is a parody of the universal scope of the Lamb's redeemed (5:9; 7:9).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ constative aorist; the permitted warδίδωμι (pass.): the war on the saints is allowed, and so bounded, by God.
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object
ποιῆσαιto makeAor Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive (subject of ἐδόθη)→ aorist infinitiveποιέω: here 'wage' (with πόλεμον).
πόλεμονwarAccusativeobject of ποιῆσαιπόλεμος: war; cf. Dan 7:21, the horn making war on the saints and prevailing.
μετὰonpreposition + genitive ('against,' Hebraic)μετά: 'with' = 'against' in the war-idiom.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ἁγίων
ἁγίωνsaintsGenitiveobject of μετάἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the faithful people of God, the beast's chosen prey.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
νικῆσαιto conquerAor Act Infin · νικάωepexegetical infinitive (coordinate)→ aorist infinitive; outward conquest, inverted by 12:11νικάω: to conquer, overcome; the beast 'conquers' the saints' bodies — but they conquer it by the Lamb's blood and their witness.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of νικῆσαι (the saints)
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive, coordinate)→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object
ἐξουσίαauthorityNominativesubject of ἐδόθηἐξουσία: authority — now universal in scope.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (rule over)
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (distributive)πᾶς: every, all.
φυλὴνtribeAccusativeobject of ἐπίφυλή: tribe; first of the universal-scope quartet (cf. 5:9; 7:9).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeobject of ἐπί (coordinate)λαός: people.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γλῶσσανtongueAccusativeobject of ἐπί (coordinate)γλῶσσα: tongue, language.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔθνοςnationAccusativeobject of ἐπί (coordinate)ἔθνος: nation; completing the fourfold totality of humankind.
8

καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὗ οὐ γέγραπται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου τοῦ ἐσφαγμένου ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου.

And all who dwell on the earth will worship it, everyone whose name has not been written from the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb who was slain.

Universal consequenceκαίThe decisive divide: all earth-dwellers worship the beast except those whose names stand in the Lamb's book of life. The phrase ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου ('from the foundation of the world') may construe with the writing of names (so 17:8) or with the Lamb's slaying — a crux flagged in the lexical tier.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
προσκυνήσουσινwill worshipFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb→ future; the certain universal homageπροσκυνέω: to worship; the climax of the sea-beast vision.
αὐτὸνitAccusativeobject (here acc., the beast)
πάντεςallNominativesubject (with the participle)πᾶς: all.
οἱtheNominativearticle substantizing κατοικοῦντες
κατοικοῦντεςwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival ptc. (subject)→ present ptc.; the settled 'earth-dwellers'κατοικέω: to dwell, settle; οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς is the Apocalypse's term for the unbelieving world.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί
οὗwhoseGenitiverelative pronoun (gen., distributive sg.)ὅς: 'of whom' (sg., 'everyone whose'); a distributive relative individualizing the πάντες.
οὐnotnegative particle
γέγραπταιhas been writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωverb of the relative clause→ intensive perfect; the abiding registration (or non-) in the bookγράφω: to write; the perfect marks the settled enrollment in the book of life.
τὸtheNominativearticle with ὄνομα
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of γέγραπταιὄνομα: name.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (of each earth-dweller)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle with βιβλίῳ
βιβλίῳbookDativeobject of ἐνβιβλίον: scroll, book; the register of the living (cf. Exod 32:32; Dan 12:1; Phil 4:3).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ζωῆς
ζωῆςlifeGenitiveattributive genitive ('book of life')ζωή: life.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivepossessive genitive (the book belongs to the Lamb)ἀρνίον: lamb; the Apocalypse's name for the crucified-risen Christ (5:6), set over against the beast.
τοῦwho wasGenitivearticle governing the ptc. ἐσφαγμένου
ἐσφαγμένουslainPerf Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · σφάζωattributive ptc. modifying ἀρνίου→ intensive perfect; the abiding slain-yet-living Lambσφάζω: to slaughter; the same verb as the beast's wound (v.3) — the true slain one vs. its counterfeit.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal point)
καταβολῆςthe foundationGenitiveobject of ἀπόκαταβολή: founding, foundation; the phrase may modify 'written' (so 17:8) or 'slain' — see the crux.
κόσμουof the worldGenitiveobjective/possessive genitiveκόσμος: world.
9

Εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς ἀκουσάτω.

If anyone has an ear, let him hear.

Prophetic summons (asyndeton)asyndetonThe hearing-formula, used of the seven letters (chs. 2–3) but here without the address 'what the Spirit says to the churches' — a solemn, universal call to heed the warning of vv.8 and 10.
Εἴifconditional particle (first-class condition)
τιςanyoneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject)τις: anyone.
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωverb of the protasis→ present (stative)ἔχω: to have.
οὖςan earAccusativedirect object of ἔχειοὖς: ear; the organ of spiritual perception.
ἀκουσάτωlet him hearAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἀκούωimperative (apodosis)→ aorist imperative; a decisive call to heedἀκούω: to hear; not mere audition but obedient attention (cf. Mark 4:9).
10

εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν, εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑπάγει· εἴ τις ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτανθῆναι, αὐτὸν ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτανθῆναι. Ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονὴ καὶ ἡ πίστις τῶν ἁγίων.

If anyone is destined for captivity, into captivity he goes; if anyone is to be killed by the sword, by the sword he must be killed. Here is the endurance and the faith of the saints.

Proverb grounding endurance (asyndeton)asyndetonA proverb of fixed recompense (echoing Jer 15:2; 43:11) — the saints' lot is appointed; resistance by force is not their way. The verse grounds (ὧδε, 'here is') the maxim: in this very situation lies the call to endurance and faith. The clause is textually unstable (see text_note).
εἴifconditional particle
τιςanyoneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject)
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (destiny/goal)
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityAccusativeobject of εἰς (in the protasis)αἰχμαλωσία: captivity; cf. Jer 15:2 LXX, the appointed lot.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityAccusativeobject of εἰς (apodosis)
ὑπάγειhe goesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (apodosis)→ present (gnomic); the inevitable outcomeὑπάγω: to go, depart.
εἴifconditional particle
τιςanyoneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject)
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrument)
μαχαίρῃthe swordDativedative of instrumentμάχαιρα: sword; cf. Jer 15:2; Matt 26:52.
ἀποκτανθῆναιto be killedAor Pass Infin · ἀποκτείνωinfinitive expressing destiny (protasis)→ aorist passive infinitive; the appointed deathἀποκτείνω: to kill; the saints' martyrdom is foreseen, not resisted by the sword.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive (apodosis)
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrument)
μαχαίρῃthe swordDativedative of instrument (apodosis)
ἀποκτανθῆναιmust be killedAor Pass Infin · ἀποκτείνωinfinitive (apodosis: 'he is to be killed')→ aorist passive infinitive of appointed destiny
Ὧδέhereadverb of place ('herein, in this')ὧδε: here; 'in this situation' lies the call to endurance (cf. v.18; 14:12; 17:9).
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ present
theNominativearticle with ὑπομονή
ὑπομονὴenduranceNominativepredicate nominative (subject of ἐστιν)ὑπομονή: patient endurance, steadfastness under trial — the key virtue of the persecuted church (cf. 1:9; 14:12).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with πίστις
πίστιςfaithNominativepredicate nominative (coordinate)πίστις: faith / faithfulness; here the loyal fidelity that holds fast under the beast's war.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἁγίων
ἁγίωνsaintsGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveἅγιος: saint; the endurance and faith belong to and characterize them.
11

Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλο θηρίον ἀναβαῖνον ἐκ τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἶχεν κέρατα δύο ὅμοια ἀρνίῳ, καὶ ἐλάλει ὡς δράκων.

And I saw another beast rising out of the earth, and it had two horns like a lamb, and it spoke like a dragon.

New vision (second beast)καίA second καὶ εἶδον introduces the land-beast — later named 'the false prophet' (16:13; 19:20). Lamb-like horns (a counterfeit of Christ) but a dragon's voice (the source it serves): the deceiver mimics the Lamb while speaking for Satan.
Καὶandparatactic conjunction (vision-link)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (new vision)→ constative aorist; the καὶ εἶδον segmenterὁράω: to see.
ἄλλοanotherAccusativeattributive adjective with θηρίονἄλλος: 'another (of the same kind)'; a second beast, allied to the first.
θηρίονbeastAccusativedirect object of εἶδονθηρίον: beast; the land-beast / false prophet.
ἀναβαῖνονrisingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · ἀναβαίνωattributive ptc. modifying θηρίον→ present ptc.; the emergence in processἀναβαίνω: to come up; this one from the earth (γῆ), not the sea.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (origin)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐκγῆ: earth, land; its origin distinguishes it from the sea-beast.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
εἶχενit hadImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ imperfect of descriptionἔχω: to have.
κέραταhornsAccusativedirect object of εἶχενκέρας: horn.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral modifying κέραταδύο: two.
ὅμοιαlikeAccusativepredicate adjective (+ dat.) modifying κέραταὅμοιος: like; the horns 'like a lamb's' counterfeit the Lamb (ἀρνίον).
ἀρνίῳa lambDativedative of comparison after ὅμοιαἀρνίον: lamb; the masquerade as Christ-like, gentle and innocent.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐλάλειit spokeImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ imperfect of customary speechλαλέω: to speak; its speech betrays its master — 'like a dragon.'
ὡςlikecomparative particle
δράκωνa dragonNominativepredicate nominative (comparison)δράκων: dragon; its voice is Satan's — deceptive propaganda for the first beast.
12

καὶ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πρώτου θηρίου πᾶσαν ποιεῖ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ. καὶ ποιεῖ τὴν γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντας ἵνα προσκυνήσουσιν τὸ θηρίον τὸ πρῶτον, οὗ ἐθεραπεύθη ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ.

And it exercises all the authority of the first beast in its presence, and it makes the earth and those who dwell in it worship the first beast, whose death-wound had been healed.

Function of the second beastκαίThe land-beast functions as the first beast's prophet/enforcer, deriving and deploying its authority 'in its presence' (ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ) to compel worship of the first beast. The healed wound (v.3) is again the basis of the cult.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ἐξουσίαν
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖἐξουσία: authority; wielded as the first beast's deputy.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
πρώτουfirstGenitiveattributive adjectiveπρῶτος: first; distinguishing the sea-beast from this second one.
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive genitive
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective with ἐξουσίανπᾶς: all; the full delegated authority.
ποιεῖit exercisesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ vivid (dramatic) presentποιέω: 'do, exercise'; the historic-present enlivens the land-beast's activity.
ἐνώπιονin the presence ofimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'before, in the presence of'; acting as the first beast's agent under its eye.
αὐτοῦitGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον (the first beast)
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ποιεῖit makesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (+ ἵνα-clause: causative)→ vivid presentποιέω: here causative, 'makes/causes [them to] …' with ἵνα.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with γῆν
γῆνearthAccusativeobject of ποιεῖ (those compelled)γῆ: earth = its inhabitants.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle substantizing κατοικοῦντας
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)
αὐτῇitDativeobject of ἐν (the earth)
κατοικοῦνταςwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival ptc. (coordinate object)→ present ptc.; the earth-dwellersκατοικέω: to dwell.
ἵναthatconjunction introducing the content/result clause
προσκυνήσουσινthey will worshipFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωverb of the ἵνα-clause (with future indic., Koine usage)→ future after ἵνα; the intended worshipπροσκυνέω: to worship; the land-beast's aim is the cult of the first beast.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with θηρίον
θηρίονbeastAccusativeobject of προσκυνήσουσιν
τὸtheAccusativearticle with πρῶτον (attributive)
πρῶτονfirstAccusativeattributive adjectiveπρῶτος: first.
οὗwhoseGenitiverelative pronoun (gen. of possession)
ἐθεραπεύθηhad been healedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θεραπεύωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (pluperfect sense in English)θεραπεύω: to heal; the resurrection-parody that fuels the worship.
theNominativearticle with πληγή
πληγὴwoundNominativesubject of ἐθεραπεύθηπληγή: wound.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θανάτου
θανάτουdeathGenitiveattributive genitive ('death-wound')
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
13

καὶ ποιεῖ σημεῖα μεγάλα, ἵνα καὶ πῦρ ποιῇ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνειν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

And it works great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to the earth in the sight of men.

Deceptive signsκαίThe land-beast authenticates itself with signs (σημεῖα) — even fire from heaven, mimicking Elijah (1 Kgs 18; 2 Kgs 1) and the two witnesses (11:5). False prophecy is marked precisely by sign-working that deceives (cf. Deut 13:1–3; Matt 24:24; 2 Thess 2:9).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ποιεῖit worksPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ vivid presentποιέω: 'do, perform'; here of working signs.
σημεῖαsignsAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖσημεῖον: sign, wonder; in John often authenticating — here counterfeit, deceiving (v.14).
μεγάλαgreatAccusativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: great; impressive enough to deceive.
ἵναso thatconjunction introducing result/explanatory clause
καὶevenadverbial/ascensive καίκαί: ascensive 'even' — the climactic sign.
πῦρfireAccusativeobject of ποιῇ (subject of the infinitive καταβαίνειν)πῦρ: fire; the Elijah-sign counterfeited.
ποιῇit makesPres Act Subj 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the ἵνα-clause (causative, + infinitive)→ present subjunctive; causative 'makes [fire] come down'ποιέω: causative with the infinitive καταβαίνειν.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκοὐρανός: heaven; the fire's apparent source lends false legitimacy.
καταβαίνεινto come downPres Act Infin · καταβαίνωcomplementary infinitive (with causative ποιῇ)→ present infinitive; the descent itselfκαταβαίνω: to come down, descend.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with γῆν
γῆνearthAccusativeobject of εἰς
ἐνώπιονin the sight ofimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: before, in the sight of; the public, persuasive spectacle.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονἄνθρωπος: human being; the audience to be deceived.
14

καὶ πλανᾷ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς διὰ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ποιῆσαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θηρίου, λέγων τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ποιῆσαι εἰκόνα τῷ θηρίῳ ὃς ἔχει τὴν πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης καὶ ἔζησεν.

And it deceives those who dwell on the earth by the signs it was given to perform in the presence of the beast, telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast that was wounded by the sword and yet lived.

Deception and commandκαίThe signs' purpose is deception (πλανᾷ — the verb of the dragon, 12:9; 20:3). The command to make an 'image' (εἰκών) to the beast institutes the imperial cult, the climactic act of false worship — directed at the wounded-yet-living beast (the resurrection-parody once more).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
πλανᾷit deceivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · πλανάωmain verb→ vivid present; ongoing deceptionπλανάω: to lead astray, deceive; the signature verb of Satan and his agents (12:9; 19:20; 20:8).
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle substantizing κατοικοῦντας
κατοικοῦνταςwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival ptc. (object of πλανᾷ)→ present ptc.; the earth-dwellersκατοικέω: to dwell.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί
διὰbypreposition + accusative (means/cause)
τὰtheAccusativearticle with σημεῖα
σημεῖαsignsAccusativeobject of διάσημεῖον: sign; the instrument of deception.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ποιῆσαι)
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (divine passive)→ constative aorist; the signs are permittedδίδωμι (pass.): even the deceiver's power is granted (and limited) from above.
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object
ποιῆσαιto performAor Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive (subject of ἐδόθη)→ aorist infinitiveποιέω: to do, perform.
ἐνώπιονin the presence ofimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: before; the signs done on the first beast's behalf and under its eye.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
λέγωνtellingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωptc. of attendant circumstance (the masc. agrees ad sensum)→ present ptc.; the command issued to the deceivedλέγω: to say, tell; the masculine ptc. construes the neuter θηρίον as a personal agent.
τοῖςthoseDativearticle substantizing κατοικοῦσιν
κατοικοῦσινwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival ptc. (indirect object of λέγων)→ present ptc.κατοικέω: to dwell.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί
ποιῆσαιto makeAor Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of indirect command (after λέγων)→ aorist infinitive; the order to fashion the imageποιέω: to make.
εἰκόναan imageAccusativeobject of ποιῆσαιεἰκών: image, statue; the cult-image (cf. Dan 3, Nebuchadnezzar's golden image) — the locus of forced worship.
τῷto theDativearticle with θηρίῳ
θηρίῳbeastDativedative of advantage ('image for/to the beast')
ὃςthatNominativerelative pronoun (subject; masc. ad sensum)ὅς: who/which; the masculine personalizes the beast.
ἔχειhasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωverb of the relative clause→ present (resultant state)ἔχω: to have; 'has the wound' = bears its mark, yet lives.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with πληγήν
πληγὴνwoundAccusativeobject of ἔχειπληγή: wound, stroke.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with μαχαίρης
μαχαίρηςswordGenitivegenitive of means/source ('sword-wound')μάχαιρα: sword; the wound's instrument — ironically the sword of v.10, judgment imagery.
καὶand yetadversative-paratactic καί
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωverb of the relative clause (coordinate)→ ingressive aorist ('came to life')ζάω: to live; 'came alive' — the deliberate resurrection-counterfeit (cf. 2:8, of Christ who 'died and lived').
15

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ δοῦναι πνεῦμα τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου, ἵνα καὶ λαλήσῃ ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου καὶ ποιήσῃ ἵνα ὅσοι ἐὰν μὴ προσκυνήσωσιν τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου ἀποκτανθῶσιν.

And it was given to it to give breath to the image of the beast, so that the image of the beast might even speak and cause all who would not worship the image of the beast to be killed.

Animation and lethal coercionκαίThe image is animated (πνεῦμα, 'breath') — a parody of God who alone gives breath (Gen 2:7; Ezek 37) — so that the dead cult-image speaks and enforces a death-decree against non-worshipers. Worship is now coerced on pain of death (cf. Dan 3).
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ constative aorist; the permitted power to animateδίδωμι (pass.): even this is granted from above.
αὐτῷto itDativeindirect object (the land-beast)
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Infin · δίδωμιepexegetical infinitive (subject of ἐδόθη)→ aorist infinitiveδίδωμι: to give; here 'impart breath.'
πνεῦμαbreathAccusativeobject of δοῦναιπνεῦμα: breath, spirit; animating the image — a counterfeit of the breath of life.
τῇto theDativearticle with εἰκόνι
εἰκόνιimageDativeindirect object of δοῦναιεἰκών: image, statue.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive genitive
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose/result)
καὶevenascensive καί
λαλήσῃmight speakAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the ἵνα-clause→ aorist subjunctiveλαλέω: to speak; the dumb idol made to speak (contrast Ps 115:5; Hab 2:18–19).
theNominativearticle with εἰκών
εἰκὼνimageNominativesubject of λαλήσῃ and ποιήσῃεἰκών: image.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ποιήσῃcauseAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the ἵνα-clause (coordinate; causative with second ἵνα)→ aorist subjunctive; causative 'bring it about that'ποιέω: causative 'cause/make' (+ ἵνα).
ἵναthatconjunction introducing the content of ποιήσῃ
ὅσοιas many asNominativecorrelative pronoun (subject of the clause)ὅσος: 'as many as, all who'; the universal scope of the death-threat.
ἐὰνeverparticle generalizing ὅσοι (+ subjunctive)ἐάν: contingent particle ('whoever').
μὴnotnegative (with subjunctive)
προσκυνήσωσινworshipAor Act Subj 3 Pl · προσκυνέωverb of the conditional-relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveπροσκυνέω: to worship; refusal is now a capital offense.
τῇtheDativearticle with εἰκόνι
εἰκόνιimageDativedative object of προσκυνήσωσιν
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive genitive
ἀποκτανθῶσινshould be killedAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωverb of result (apodosis of the ὅσοι clause)→ aorist passive subjunctive; the lethal decreeἀποκτείνω: to kill; the death-penalty for non-worship (cf. v.10, the saints' lot).
16

καὶ ποιεῖ πάντας, τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους, καὶ τοὺς πλουσίους καὶ τοὺς πτωχούς, καὶ τοὺς ἐλευθέρους καὶ τοὺς δούλους, ἵνα δῶσιν αὐτοῖς χάραγμα ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν τῆς δεξιᾶς ἢ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῶν,

And it makes all, the small and the great, the rich and the poor, the free and the slave, to be given a mark on their right hand or on their forehead,

Universal compulsionκαίThree merisms (small/great, rich/poor, free/slave) sweep in all classes. The 'mark' (χάραγμα) on hand or forehead is a satanic parody of the seal of God on the foreheads of his servants (7:3; 14:1) — a sign of ownership and allegiance.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ποιεῖit makesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (causative, + ἵνα)→ vivid present; causativeποιέω: causative 'makes/compels' (+ ἵνα).
πάνταςallAccusativeobject of ποιεῖπᾶς: all; the totality unpacked by the three pairs.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with μικρούς
μικροὺςsmallAccusativesubstantival adjective (in apposition to πάντας)μικρός: small, lowly (in rank).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with μεγάλους
μεγάλουςgreatAccusativesubstantival adjectiveμέγας: great, eminent.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with πλουσίους
πλουσίουςrichAccusativesubstantival adjectiveπλούσιος: rich.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with πτωχούς
πτωχούςpoorAccusativesubstantival adjectiveπτωχός: poor, destitute.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ἐλευθέρους
ἐλευθέρουςfreeAccusativesubstantival adjectiveἐλεύθερος: free (not enslaved).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with δούλους
δούλουςslaveAccusativesubstantival nounδοῦλος: slave; the third merism completes the social totality.
ἵναthatconjunction (content of the compulsion)
δῶσινthey giveAor Act Subj 3 Pl · δίδωμιverb of the ἵνα-clause (indefinite 'they' / impersonal)→ aorist subjunctive; the imposing of the markδίδωμι: 'give' — here the impersonal plural ('that there be given them').
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
χάραγμαa markAccusativeobject of δῶσινχάραγμα: a stamp, brand, engraved mark; of ownership (slaves, cattle) and of imperial/coin imagery — the antithesis of God's seal.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with χειρός
χειρὸςhandGenitiveobject of ἐπίχείρ: hand; cf. the phylactery imagery of Deut 6:8 inverted.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with δεξιᾶς
δεξιᾶςrightGenitiveattributive adjective ('right hand')δεξιός: right (hand); the visible, working hand.
ordisjunctive particle
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (location)
τὸtheAccusativearticle with μέτωπον
μέτωπονforeheadAccusativeobject of ἐπίμέτωπον: forehead; cf. the seal of God on the servants' foreheads (7:3; 14:1) — the deliberate counter-sign.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
17

καὶ ἵνα μή τις δύνηται ἀγοράσαι ἢ πωλῆσαι εἰ μὴ ὁ ἔχων τὸ χάραγμα, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου ἢ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ.

and that no one might be able to buy or sell except the one having the mark, the name of the beast or the number of its name.

Economic coercion (purpose continued)καίA second ἵνα-clause continues v.16: the mark becomes an economic passport, barring the unmarked from commerce. The mark is glossed as the beast's name or its name's number — preparing the gematria-riddle of v.18.
καὶandparatactic conjunction
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose, continuing v.16)
μήnonegative (with subjunctive)
τιςoneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject)τις: anyone.
δύνηταιmight be ablePres Mid Subj 3 Sg · δύναμαιverb of the ἵνα-clause (+ infinitives)→ present subjunctiveδύναμαι: to be able.
ἀγοράσαιto buyAor Act Infin · ἀγοράζωcomplementary infinitive→ aorist infinitiveἀγοράζω: to buy; commerce barred to the unmarked.
ordisjunctive particle
πωλῆσαιto sellAor Act Infin · πωλέωcomplementary infinitive (coordinate)→ aorist infinitiveπωλέω: to sell.
εἰexceptpart of the exceptive idiom εἰ μή
μὴ(except)εἰ μή = 'except'εἰ μή: 'except, unless'; only the marked may trade.
the oneNominativearticle substantizing ἔχων
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωsubstantival ptc. (the exception)→ present ptc.; the one bearing the markἔχω: to have; the marked are the permitted traders.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with χάραγμα
χάραγμαmarkAccusativeobject of ἔχωνχάραγμα: the mark.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ὄνομα (in apposition to χάραγμα)
ὄνομαnameAccusativeaccusative in apposition to χάραγμαὄνομα: name; the mark = the beast's name.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive genitive
ordisjunctive particle
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ἀριθμόν
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative (coordinate apposition)ἀριθμός: number; the name reduced to its numerical value (gematria) — see v.18.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ὀνόματος
ὀνόματοςnameGenitiveobjective genitive ('number of the name')ὄνομα: name; its letters summed yield the number.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
18

Ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν. ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου, ἀριθμὸς γὰρ ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν· καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ.

Here is wisdom. Let the one who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is a man's number; and its number is six hundred sixty-six.

Riddle and call to wisdom (asyndeton)asyndetonThe chapter's climax: a call to spiritual discernment (cf. v.9; 17:9). The number is 'a man's number' (ἀριθμὸς ἀνθρώπου) — either 'a human number' (decipherable by humans) or pointing to a particular man. By gematria 666 is most commonly read as Νέρων Καῖσαρ (Hebrew נרון קסר = 666), the falling-short of the perfect seven thrice over. The variant 616 (χιϛ) drops the final ן of Nero's name (Latin 'Nero' = 616), a detail Irenaeus already knew.
Ὧδεhereadverb of place ('herein lies')ὧδε: here; 'in this' — the call to wisdom (cf. v.10; 17:9).
theNominativearticle with σοφία
σοφίαwisdomNominativepredicate nominative (subject of ἐστίν)σοφία: wisdom; the discernment needed to read the riddle and resist the beast.
ἐστίνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ present
the oneNominativearticle substantizing ἔχων
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωsubstantival ptc. (subject of ψηφισάτω)→ present ptc.; 'the one who possesses understanding'ἔχω: to have.
νοῦνunderstandingAccusativeobject of ἔχωννοῦς: mind, understanding; the faculty of discernment summoned to the calculation.
ψηφισάτωlet him calculateAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ψηφίζωimperative (3 sg.)→ aorist imperative; a decisive reckoningψηφίζω: to count, reckon (with pebbles, ψῆφος); to compute the gematria-number.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ἀριθμόν
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeobject of ψηφισάτωἀριθμός: number.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitivepossessive/objective genitive
ἀριθμὸςa numberNominativepredicate nominative (anarthrous, fronted)ἀριθμός: number; 'a number of a man' — human, or of a particular man.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (postpositive)
ἀνθρώπουof a manGenitivegenitive of relationship/qualityἄνθρωπος: man, human being; 'a man's number' = computable by a person, or coding a specific man (commonly Nero).
ἐστίνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ present
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle with ἀριθμός
ἀριθμὸςnumberNominativesubject (verbless: 'is')ἀριθμός: number.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivepossessive genitive
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (predicate)ἑξακόσιοι: six hundred; written with the numeral χ (600). The variant 616 reads χιϛ.
ἑξήκονταsixtyindeclinable cardinal numeralἑξήκοντα: sixty; the numeral ξ (60).
ἕξsixindeclinable cardinal numeralἕξ: six; the numeral ϛ (stigma, 6) — together χξϛ = 666, the threefold falling-short of seven.