1
Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλο σημεῖον ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστόν, ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ τὰς ἐσχάτας, ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ.
And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvelous: seven angels having seven plagues, the last ones, because in them the wrath of God was finished.
New vision-unitκαίThe third and climactic 'sign' of the heaven-visions (after 12:1, 3), formally a prologue to the bowls of ch. 16: the plagues are 'last' because they bring God's wrath to its eschatological completion.
ΚαὶAndcoordinating conjunction (narrative καί)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aorist of vision; the seer's recurrent καὶ εἶδον introduces a new tableauὁράω: to see, perceive; here of apocalyptic vision.
ἄλλοanotherAccusativeattributive adjective modifying σημεῖονἄλλος: another (of the same kind) — a further sign alongside those of ch. 12.
σημεῖονsignAccusativedirect object of εἶδονσημεῖον: sign, portent; in Revelation a significant heavenly spectacle (12:1, 3).
ἐνinpreposition governing dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle with οὐρανῷ
οὐρανῷheavenDativeobject of ἐν (locative)οὐρανός: heaven, sky; the locus of the sign.
μέγαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective with σημεῖονμέγας: great, vast — emphatic, framing the sign's significance.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θαυμαστόν,marvelousAccusativeattributive adjective with σημεῖονθαυμαστός: wonderful, marvelous; recurs in the hymn (v.3, θαυμαστὰ τὰ ἔργα).
ἀγγέλουςangelsAccusativeaccusative in apposition, explicating σημεῖονἄγγελος: angel, messenger; the seven plague-angels.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeindeclinable cardinal modifying ἀγγέλουςἑπτά: seven; the recurring number of completeness in Revelation.
ἔχονταςhavingPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle modifying ἀγγέλους→ present participle; ongoing possession of the plaguesἔχω: to have, hold.
πληγὰςplaguesAccusativedirect object of ἔχονταςπληγή: blow, plague (Exodus-echo); the seven bowl-judgments.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeindeclinable cardinal modifying πληγάςἑπτά: seven.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with ἐσχάτας
ἐσχάτας,lastAccusativeattributive adjective with πληγάς (third-attributive)ἔσχατος: last, final — these plagues complete the series of wrath.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction introducing the ground of τὰς ἐσχάτας
ἐνinpreposition governing dative (instrumental/local)
αὐταῖςthemDativeobject of ἐν, referring to πληγάς
ἐτελέσθηwas finishedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · τελέωverb of the causal clause→ consummative/proleptic aorist; the wrath reaches completion in these plaguesτελέω: to complete, bring to an end; cf. ἐτελέσθη in v.8 and the bowls' τελεσθῶσιν.
ὁtheNominativearticle with θυμός
θυμὸςwrathNominativesubject of ἐτελέσθηθυμός: hot anger, wrath; God's eschatological indignation poured out in the bowls.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦ.GodGenitivegenitive of source/possession with θυμόςθεός: God.
2
Καὶ εἶδον ὡς θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην μεμιγμένην πυρί, καὶ τοὺς νικῶντας ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου καὶ ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ ἑστῶτας ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ὑαλίνην, ἔχοντας κιθάρας τοῦ θεοῦ.
And I saw something like a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those conquering the beast and its image and the number of its name, standing on the sea of glass, having harps of God.
Scene continuationκαίA second καὶ εἶδον widens the vision: the victors of chs. 13–14 reappear at the heavenly 'Red Sea,' poised to sing a new Exodus-song.
ΚαὶAndcoordinating conjunction
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aorist of vision; resumes the seer's καὶ εἶδονὁράω: to see, behold.
ὡςas it werecomparative particle softening the descriptionὡς: 'like, as' — John's habitual reticence before the indescribable (cf. 4:6).
θάλασσανa seaAccusativedirect object of εἶδονθάλασσα: sea; the heavenly counterpart of the bronze 'sea' and of the Red Sea of the Exodus.
ὑαλίνηνof glassAccusativeattributive adjective with θάλασσανὑάλινος: glassy, crystalline (cf. 4:6).
μεμιγμένηνmingledPerf Pass Ptc Acc Sg Fem · μίγνυμιattributive participle with θάλασσαν→ perfect participle; settled state of being mixedμίγνυμι: to mix, mingle; the fire suggests judgment and the glow of God's presence.
πυρί,with fireDativedative of means/material with μεμιγμένηνπῦρ: fire.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (second object of εἶδον)
τοὺςthe onesAccusativearticle substantivizing νικῶντας
νικῶνταςconqueringPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · νικάωsubstantival participle, second object of εἶδον→ present participle; the victors characterized by their conquestνικάω: to conquer, overcome; the conqueror-theme of chs. 2–3 fulfilled (cf. 12:11).
ἐκoverpreposition governing genitive; here Semitizing 'victory over'ἐκ: 'from'; with νικάω an idiom for prevailing 'out of/over' (Hebraistic min).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with θηρίου
θηρίουbeastGenitiveobject of ἐκθηρίον: beast; the persecuting power of ch. 13.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκoverpreposition governing genitive
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with εἰκόνος
εἰκόνοςimageGenitiveobject of ἐκεἰκών: image, likeness; the cult-image of the beast (13:14–15).
αὐτοῦof itGenitivepossessive genitive with εἰκόνος
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκoverpreposition governing genitive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ἀριθμοῦ
ἀριθμοῦnumberGenitiveobject of ἐκἀριθμός: number; the beast's 666 (13:18).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ὀνόματος
ὀνόματοςnameGenitivegenitive of relation with ἀριθμοῦὄνομα: name.
αὐτοῦof itGenitivepossessive genitive with ὀνόματος
ἑστῶταςstandingPerf Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἵστημιpredicate participle agreeing with τοὺς νικῶντας→ perfect participle with present sense; settled posture of standingἵστημι: to stand; the victors poised on the heavenly shore.
ἐπὶonpreposition governing accusative (position)ἐπί: on, beside; whether 'on' or 'beside' the sea is debated (Exodus shore-imagery).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with θάλασσαν
θάλασσανseaAccusativeobject of ἐπίθάλασσα: sea.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ὑαλίνην (second-attributive)
ὑαλίνην,of glassAccusativeattributive adjective with θάλασσανὑάλινος: glassy.
ἔχονταςhavingPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωpredicate participle agreeing with τοὺς νικῶντας→ present participle; holding the instruments of praiseἔχω: to have, hold.
κιθάραςharpsAccusativedirect object of ἔχονταςκιθάρα: lyre, harp; the instrument of heavenly worship (5:8; 14:2).
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦ.GodGenitivegenitive of source/quality with κιθάρας ('God's harps')θεός: God; the harps belong to or are devoted to God's worship.
3
Καὶ ᾄδουσιν τὴν ᾠδὴν Μωϋσέως τοῦ δούλου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν τοῦ ἀρνίου λέγοντες· Μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ τὰ ἔργα σου, κύριε ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ· δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδοί σου, ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν.
And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God and the song of the Lamb, saying: Great and marvelous are your works, Lord God the Almighty; righteous and true are your ways, O King of the nations.
Hymnic responseκαίThe victors' song fuses the Exodus 'song of Moses' (Exod 15; cf. Deut 32) with the song of the Lamb, a single new-covenant hymn. The vivid present ᾄδουσιν marks the worship as ongoing.
ΚαὶAndcoordinating conjunction
ᾄδουσινthey singPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ᾄδωmain verb→ historic/vivid present; the song presented as ongoingᾄδω: to sing.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ᾠδήν
ᾠδὴνsongAccusativedirect object of ᾄδουσινᾠδή: song, ode.
Μωϋσέωςof MosesGenitivepossessive/authorial genitive with ᾠδήνΜωϋσῆς: Moses; the song of Exod 15 / Deut 32 echoed in the victors' hymn.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with δούλου
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive in apposition to Μωϋσέωςδοῦλος: servant, slave; 'Moses the servant of God' is a fixed OT title (Exod 14:31; Josh 1:1 LXX).
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relation with δούλουθεός: God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with ᾠδήν
ᾠδὴνsongAccusativesecond direct object of ᾄδουσινᾠδή: song.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἀρνίου
ἀρνίουLambGenitivepossessive genitive with ᾠδήνἀρνίον: lamb; the slain-yet-standing Lamb of ch. 5 — the one song is Moses-and-Lamb together.
λέγοντες·sayingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance introducing the hymn→ present participle; the recitative formula of Revelation's hymnsλέγω: to say; nominative agreeing with the implied subject of ᾄδουσιν.
ΜεγάλαGreatNominativepredicate adjective (neut. pl.) with τὰ ἔργαμέγας: great; cf. Ps 110[111]:2, μεγάλα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θαυμαστὰmarvelousNominativepredicate adjective with τὰ ἔργαθαυμαστός: marvelous; echoes the σημεῖον ... θαυμαστόν of v.1.
τὰtheNominativearticle with ἔργα
ἔργαworksNominativesubject of the verbless predicationἔργον: work, deed; God's mighty acts in creation and judgment.
σου,yourGenitivepossessive genitive with ἔργα
κύριεLordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: Lord; the divine name of the LXX addressed to God.
ὁtheNominativearticle in apposition to κύριε (nominative for vocative)
θεὸςGodNominativenominative-for-vocative in apposition to κύριεθεός: God; the title κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ is a Revelation refrain (1:8; 4:8).
ὁtheNominativearticle with παντοκράτωρ
παντοκράτωρ·AlmightyNominativenominative-for-vocative in appositionπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty, Ruler of all; LXX rendering of YHWH Sebaoth / Shaddai.
δίκαιαιrighteousNominativepredicate adjective (fem. pl.) with αἱ ὁδοίδίκαιος: just, righteous; cf. Ps 144[145]:17, δίκαιος κύριος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀληθιναὶtrueNominativepredicate adjective with αἱ ὁδοίἀληθινός: true, genuine; God's ways are reliable and faithful.
αἱtheNominativearticle with ὁδοί
ὁδοίwaysNominativesubject of the verbless predicationὁδός: way, path; God's dealings/conduct in judgment and salvation.
σου,yourGenitivepossessive genitive with ὁδοί
ὁtheNominativearticle with βασιλεύς (nominative for vocative)
βασιλεὺςKingNominativenominative-for-vocative of addressβασιλεύς: king.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἐθνῶν
ἐθνῶν.nationsGenitivegenitive of subordination with βασιλεύςἔθνος: nation; 'King of the nations' (cf. Jer 10:7) read here — variants τῶν αἰώνων ('ages') and τῶν ἁγίων ('saints') are attested.
4
Τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ, κύριε, καὶ δοξάσει τὸ ὄνομά σου; ὅτι μόνος ὅσιος, ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἥξουσιν καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιόν σου, ὅτι τὰ δικαιώματά σου ἐφανερώθησαν.
Who shall not fear, Lord, and glorify your name? For you alone are holy; for all the nations shall come and worship before you, because your righteous acts have been revealed.
Rhetorical question / groundasyndetonA rhetorical question (Jer 10:7) demanding the answer 'no one,' grounded by a triple ὅτι: God's unique holiness, the nations' coming worship (Ps 85[86]:9), and the disclosure of his righteous acts.
ΤίςWhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun, subjectτίς: who? — rhetorical, expecting 'no one will fail to fear.'
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή, emphatic)
μὴby no meansnegative particle forming emphatic οὐ μήοὐ μή: the strongest Greek negation — 'shall surely not.'
φοβηθῇ,shall fearAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · φοβέομαιdeliberative/emphatic-future subjunctive after οὐ μή→ aorist subjunctive of emphatic denial; here interrogative-future ('who will not fear?')φοβέομαι: to fear, reverence; reverent awe before God.
κύριε,LordVocativevocative of addressκύριος: Lord.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δοξάσειshall glorifyFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δοξάζωfuture indicative coordinated with φοβηθῇ→ future of expectation; the shift from subjunctive to future is a Semitismδοξάζω: to glorify, honor.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with ὄνομα
ὄνομάnameAccusativedirect object of δοξάσειὄνομα: name; the manifested character of God.
σου;yourGenitivepossessive genitive with ὄνομα
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (first ground)
μόνοςaloneNominativepredicate adjective (with implied εἶ)μόνος: only, alone; God's exclusive holiness.
ὅσιος,holyNominativepredicate adjectiveὅσιος: holy, devout; here of God's covenant faithfulness and purity (not the usual ἅγιος).
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (second ground)
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective with τὰ ἔθνηπᾶς: all, every.
τὰtheNominativearticle with ἔθνη
ἔθνηnationsNominativesubject of ἥξουσινἔθνος: nation; the universal worship of Ps 85[86]:9.
ἥξουσινshall comeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb of the second ὅτι-clause→ future; the eschatological pilgrimage of the nationsἥκω: to come, arrive.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσκυνήσουσινshall worshipFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωcoordinated future with ἥξουσιν→ future; the act of homage before Godπροσκυνέω: to worship, do obeisance.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeimproper preposition governing genitiveἐνώπιον: before, in the presence of.
σου,youGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (third ground)
τὰtheNominativearticle with δικαιώματα
δικαιώματάrighteous actsNominativesubject of ἐφανερώθησανδικαίωμα: righteous deed, just decree; God's saving-judging acts now disclosed.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive with δικαιώματα
ἐφανερώθησαν.were revealedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · φανερόωverb of the third ὅτι-clause→ consummative aorist passive; the eschatological unveiling of God's righteousnessφανερόω: to make manifest, reveal.
5
Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον, καὶ ἠνοίγη ὁ ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ,
And after these things I looked, and the temple of the tent of witness in heaven was opened,
New vision-stageκαίμετὰ ταῦτα marks a fresh stage: the heavenly sanctuary, identified as the 'tent of testimony' (Exod 38:21 LXX), is opened to disgorge the bowl-angels.
ΚαὶAndcoordinating conjunction
μετὰafterpreposition governing accusative (temporal)μετά: after; with ταῦτα a Revelation transition-formula (4:1; 7:1).
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετά (demonstrative)οὗτος: this; 'after these things.'
εἶδον,I lookedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ aorist of visionὁράω: to see, look.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠνοίγηwas openedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb (divine passive)→ ingressive aorist passive; God opens the sanctuaryἀνοίγω: to open; the heavenly temple thrown open (cf. 11:19).
ὁtheNominativearticle with ναός
ναὸςtempleNominativesubject of ἠνοίγηναός: temple, sanctuary (the inner shrine).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with σκηνῆς
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of apposition/relation with ναόςσκηνή: tent, tabernacle; the wilderness tabernacle as heavenly archetype.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with μαρτυρίου
μαρτυρίουwitnessGenitivegenitive of content/quality with σκηνῆςμαρτύριον: testimony, witness; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου is the LXX name for the tabernacle (Exod 38:21).
ἐνinpreposition governing dative (location)
τῷtheDativearticle with οὐρανῷ
οὐρανῷ,heavenDativeobject of ἐν (locative)οὐρανός: heaven.
6
καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ ἑπτὰ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἑπτὰ πληγὰς ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ, ἐνδεδυμένοι λίνον καθαρὸν λαμπρὸν καὶ περιεζωσμένοι περὶ τὰ στήθη ζώνας χρυσᾶς.
and the seven angels who have the seven plagues came out of the temple, clothed in clean bright linen and girded around their chests with golden sashes.
Consequence / processionκαίFrom the opened sanctuary the seven angels emerge in priestly vesture (linen, golden sashes — cf. the Son of Man, 1:13; the high-priestly garb of Exod 28), marking the plagues as cultic, holy judgments.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξῆλθονcame outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ aorist; the procession out of the templeἐξέρχομαι: to go out, come forth.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄγγελοι
ἑπτὰsevenNominativeindeclinable cardinal with ἄγγελοιἑπτά: seven.
ἄγγελοιangelsNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθονἄγγελος: angel.
οἱwhoNominativearticle with ἔχοντες (relative force)
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle modifying ἄγγελοι→ present participle; ongoing possession of the plaguesἔχω: to have, hold.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with πληγάς
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeindeclinable cardinal with πληγάςἑπτά: seven.
πληγὰςplaguesAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντεςπληγή: plague, blow.
ἐκout ofpreposition governing genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ναοῦ
ναοῦ,templeGenitiveobject of ἐκναός: temple, sanctuary.
ἐνδεδυμένοιclothedPerf Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐνδύωpredicate participle agreeing with ἄγγελοι→ perfect participle; settled state of being clothedἐνδύω: to clothe; mid. 'clothed in.'
λίνονlinenAccusativeaccusative of the thing put on, with ἐνδεδυμένοιλίνον: linen; a few witnesses (A, C) read λίθον ('stone'), but λίνον (priestly linen) is read.
καθαρὸνcleanAccusativeattributive adjective with λίνονκαθαρός: clean, pure; the purity of the priestly vesture.
λαμπρὸνbrightAccusativeattributive adjective with λίνονλαμπρός: bright, shining; radiant glory of the garments.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
περιεζωσμένοιgirdedPerf Mid Ptc Nom Pl Masc · περιζώννυμιpredicate participle agreeing with ἄγγελοι→ perfect participle; settled state of being girdedπεριζώννυμι: to gird about; cf. the Son of Man's golden sash (1:13).
περὶaroundpreposition governing accusative (place)περί: around, about.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with στήθη
στήθηchestsAccusativeobject of περίστῆθος: breast, chest.
ζώναςsashesAccusativeaccusative of thing with περιεζωσμένοιζώνη: belt, sash; the priestly girdle.
χρυσᾶς.goldenAccusativeattributive adjective with ζώναςχρυσοῦς: golden; royal-priestly splendor.
7
καὶ ἓν ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων ἔδωκεν τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλοις ἑπτὰ φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.
And one of the four living creatures gave to the seven angels seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God, who lives forever and ever.
Equipping actionκαίA living creature — one of the four throne-attendants of ch. 4 — hands over the bowls of wrath, drawing the worshiping heaven into the act of judgment; the doxological 'who lives forever' anchors the wrath in the eternal God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἓνoneNominativesubstantival numeral, subject of ἔδωκενεἷς: one; 'one of the four living creatures.'
ἐκofpreposition governing genitive (partitive)ἐκ: from, of — partitive.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ζῴων
τεσσάρωνfourGenitiveattributive numeral with ζῴωντέσσαρες: four.
ζῴωνliving creaturesGenitivepartitive genitive after ἕνζῷον: living creature; the four cherubic throne-beings (4:6–8).
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ aorist; the decisive handing-over of the bowlsδίδωμι: to give.
τοῖςto theDativearticle with ἀγγέλοις
ἑπτὰsevenDativeindeclinable cardinal with ἀγγέλοιςἑπτά: seven.
ἀγγέλοιςangelsDativeindirect object of ἔδωκενἄγγελος: angel.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeindeclinable cardinal with φιάλαςἑπτά: seven.
φιάλαςbowlsAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενφιάλη: shallow bowl; the libation/incense bowls now full of wrath (cf. 5:8).
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective with φιάλαςχρυσοῦς: golden.
γεμούσαςfullPres Act Ptc Acc Pl Fem · γέμωattributive participle with φιάλας→ present participle; the state of being brimfulγέμω: to be full (of); construed with the genitive.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θυμοῦ
θυμοῦwrathGenitivegenitive of content with γεμούσαςθυμός: wrath, fury (cf. v.1).
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source with θυμοῦθεός: God.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with ζῶντος
ζῶντοςwho livesPres Act Ptc Gen Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle with θεοῦ→ present participle; God's ceaseless life (the ever-living God of judgment)ζάω: to live; 'the living God' who endures forever (cf. 4:9–10).
εἰςuntopreposition governing accusative (extent of time)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with αἰῶνας
αἰῶναςagesAccusativeobject of εἰςαἰών: age; εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων — 'forever and ever.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with αἰώνων
αἰώνων.agesGenitiveattributive genitive intensifying αἰῶναςαἰών: age; the Semitic superlative 'ages of ages.'
8
καὶ ἐγεμίσθη ὁ ναὸς καπνοῦ ἐκ τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ναὸν ἄχρι τελεσθῶσιν αἱ ἑπτὰ πληγαὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων.
And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from his power, and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels should be finished.
Result / closureκαίThe smoke of God's glory (Exod 40:34–35; Isa 6:4; 1 Kgs 8:10–11) fills the sanctuary, barring all access — a theophany of unapproachable holiness sealing the wrath until the bowls are emptied (ch. 16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγεμίσθηwas filledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γεμίζωmain verb→ aorist passive; the sanctuary suffused with glory-smokeγεμίζω: to fill; cognate with γέμω (v.7).
ὁtheNominativearticle with ναός
ναὸςtempleNominativesubject of ἐγεμίσθηναός: temple, sanctuary.
καπνοῦwith smokeGenitivegenitive of content/material with ἐγεμίσθηκαπνός: smoke; the cloud of the Shekinah-glory.
ἐκfrompreposition governing genitive (source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with δόξης
δόξηςgloryGenitiveobject of ἐκδόξα: glory; the radiant divine presence.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitive with δόξηςθεός: God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκfrompreposition governing genitive (source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with δυνάμεως
δυνάμεωςpowerGenitiveobject of ἐκδύναμις: power, might.
αὐτοῦ,hisGenitivepossessive genitive with δυνάμεως
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἐδύνατοοὐδείς: no one.
ἐδύνατοwas ableImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb→ imperfect; the sustained impossibility of enteringδύναμαι: to be able.
εἰσελθεῖνto enterAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive with ἐδύνατο→ aorist infinitive; the single act of entering, here deniedεἰσέρχομαι: to enter, go in.
εἰςintopreposition governing accusative (goal)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ναόν
ναὸνtempleAccusativeobject of εἰςναός: temple.
ἄχριuntiltemporal conjunction governing the subjunctive clauseἄχρι: until; here with the aorist subjunctive (a future-temporal clause without ἄν).
τελεσθῶσινshould be finishedAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · τελέωsubjunctive of the ἄχρι-clause→ aorist subjunctive; the completion of the plagues (cf. ἐτελέσθη, v.1)τελέω: to complete, finish; frames the chapter (vv.1, 8) with wrath's consummation.
αἱtheNominativearticle with πληγαί
ἑπτὰsevenNominativeindeclinable cardinal with πληγαίἑπτά: seven.
πληγαὶplaguesNominativesubject of τελεσθῶσινπληγή: plague, blow.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἀγγέλων
ἑπτὰsevenGenitiveindeclinable cardinal with ἀγγέλωνἑπτά: seven.
ἀγγέλων.angelsGenitivepossessive genitive with πληγαίἄγγελος: angel.