Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 17ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΙΖ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ἦλθεν εἷς ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων τῶν ἐχόντων τὰς ἑπτὰ φιάλας, καὶ ἐλάλησεν μετ’ ἐμοῦ λέγων· Δεῦρο, δείξω σοι τὸ κρίμα τῆς πόρνης τῆς μεγάλης τῆς καθημένης ἐπὶ ὑδάτων πολλῶν,

And one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying: Come, I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who is seated on many waters,

Narrative onsetκαίThe bowl-cycle's coda: a bowl-angel guides John into the Babylon-judgment vision (chs. 17–18), linking the seventh bowl (16:19, 'Babylon remembered') to its exposition.
Καὶandnarrative connective (paratactic καί)
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ aoristic (punctiliar narrative event)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go.'
εἷςoneNominativesubject (substantival numeral)εἷς: 'one'; partitive with ἐκ, 'one of.'
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (genitive plural)
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)ἑπτά: 'seven'; the recurring symbol of completeness in the Apocalypse.
ἀγγέλωνangelsGenitivepartitive genitiveἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (substantizes the participle)
ἐχόντωνwho hadPres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle (genitive)→ imperfective (stative possession)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (accusative plural)
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
φιάλαςbowlsAccusativedirect object of ἐχόντωνφιάλη: 'bowl, shallow libation-dish'; the vessels of the seven last plagues (ch. 16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωcoordinate main verb→ aoristic (narrative)λαλέω: 'speak, talk.'
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with.'
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of μετά
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (redundant λέγων, Semitic)→ imperfective (introduces direct speech)λέγω: 'say'; the pleonastic λέγων calques Hebrew lēʾmōr.
ΔεῦροComeadverb of summons (hortatory)δεῦρο: 'here, come!'; an adverb functioning as a command.
δείξωI will showFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb (future)→ predictive futureδείκνυμι: 'show, point out'; the revelatory verb (cf. 1:1; 4:1; 21:9, where the same angelic phrase introduces the Bride).
σοιyouDativeindirect object
τὸtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
κρίμαjudgmentAccusativedirect object of δείξωκρίμα: 'judgment, verdict, sentence'; the judicial sentence to be passed on Babylon.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
πόρνηςprostituteGenitiveobjective genitive (judgment upon her)πόρνη: 'prostitute, harlot'; the OT image for an idolatrous city/people (Nineveh, Tyre, Jerusalem; Nah 3:4; Isa 23; Ezek 16, 23).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive)
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great'; the recurring epithet of Babylon (vv.5, 18; 18:2).
τῆςwhoGenitivearticle (substantizes the participle)
καθημένηςis seatedPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · κάθημαιattributive participle (genitive)→ imperfective (settled enthronement)κάθημαι: 'sit, be enthroned'; the leitmotif of the chapter (vv.1, 3, 9, 15), echoing Jer 51:13 (Babylon dwelling on many waters).
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)ἐπί: 'on, upon.'
ὑδάτωνwatersGenitiveobject of ἐπίὕδωρ: 'water'; interpreted at v.15 as peoples and nations.
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveattributive adjectiveπολύς: 'much, many.'
2

μεθ’ ἧς ἐπόρνευσαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐμεθύσθησαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς.

with whom the kings of the earth committed fornication, and those who dwell on the earth were made drunk with the wine of her fornication.

Relative expansionasyndetonA relative clause unfolding the prostitute's seduction of kings and earth-dwellers — the indictment behind the coming κρίμα; cf. Jer 51:7.
μεθ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with.'
ἧςwhomGenitiverelative pronoun (object of μετά; antecedent πόρνης)
ἐπόρνευσανcommitted fornicationAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πορνεύωmain verb of the relative clause→ aoristic (summary of consummated apostasy)πορνεύω: 'commit fornication'; figurative for idolatrous/political collusion with the world-power.
οἱtheNominativearticle (nominative plural)
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubjectβασιλεύς: 'king.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of relationship/sourceγῆ: 'earth, land.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐμεθύσθησανwere made drunkAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · μεθύσκωcoordinate main verb→ aoristic passive (state induced)μεθύσκω: '(passive) become drunk'; the intoxicating wine of Babylon's seduction (cf. 14:8; 18:3).
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizes the participle)
κατοικοῦντεςwho dwell onPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ imperfective (habitual dwelling)κατοικέω: 'dwell, inhabit'; 'the earth-dwellers' is a standing term in Revelation for unbelieving humanity (3:10; 6:10; 8:13).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
γῆνearthAccusativeaccusative of place (object of κατοικοῦντες)γῆ: 'earth.'
ἐκwithpreposition + genitive (source/means)ἐκ: 'out of, from'; here instrumental ('drunk with/from').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
οἴνουwineGenitiveobject of ἐκ (genitive of source)οἶνος: 'wine.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
πορνείαςfornicationGenitivegenitive of content/source (the wine that is her fornication)πορνεία: 'fornication, sexual immorality'; idolatrous infidelity.
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
3

καὶ ἀπήνεγκέν με εἰς ἔρημον ἐν πνεύματι. καὶ εἶδον γυναῖκα καθημένην ἐπὶ θηρίον κόκκινον, γέμον ὀνόματα βλασφημίας, ἔχων κεφαλὰς ἑπτὰ καὶ κέρατα δέκα.

And he carried me away into a wilderness in the Spirit. And I saw a woman seated on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names, having seven heads and ten horns.

Vision onsetκαίJohn's Spirit-translation to the wilderness (cf. 21:10, to a mountain for the Bride) sets the antithetical pair: harlot-city vs. Bride-city. The grammar is deliberately broken — γέμον (neuter, agreeing with θηρίον) but ἔχων (masculine nominative) hanging loose.
καὶandnarrative connective
ἀπήνεγκένhe carried awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποφέρωmain verb→ aoristic (narrative)ἀποφέρω: 'carry off, lead away.'
μεmeAccusativedirect object
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into, to.'
ἔρημονa wildernessAccusativeobject of εἰςἔρημος: 'wilderness, desert'; place of the harlot's vision (contrast the 'great high mountain' of the Bride, 21:10).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)ἐν: 'in.'
πνεύματιthe SpiritDativeobject of ἐν (dative of sphere)πνεῦμα: 'spirit'; 'in the Spirit' marks visionary rapture (1:10; 4:2; 21:10).
καὶandnarrative connective
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (vision formula)→ aoristic (narrative seeing)ὁράω: 'see'; καὶ εἶδον is the Apocalypse's signature vision-marker.
γυναῖκαa womanAccusativedirect object of εἶδονγυνή: 'woman, wife'; the harlot-woman, foil to the woman clothed with the sun (ch. 12) and the Bride (ch. 21).
καθημένηνseatedPres Mid/Dep Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · κάθημαιattributive participle (modifies γυναῖκα)→ imperfective (posture of dominion)κάθημαι: 'sit, be enthroned.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (location upon)ἐπί: 'on, upon.'
θηρίονa beastAccusativeobject of ἐπίθηρίον: 'wild beast'; the beast from the sea of ch. 13, here the harlot's mount.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeattributive adjectiveκόκκινος: 'scarlet, crimson'; the dragon's red (12:3) and the color of her finery (v.4).
γέμονfull ofPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · γέμωattributive participle (neuter, agreeing with θηρίον)→ imperfective (stative fullness)γέμω: 'be full of' (+ acc. of content); the beast crammed with blasphemy.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativeaccusative of content after γέμονὄνομα: 'name'; the blasphemous titles of self-deifying empire (cf. 13:1).
βλασφημίαςof blasphemyGenitiveattributive/descriptive genitiveβλασφημία: 'blasphemy, slander against God.'
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωparticiple in loose apposition (nom. solecism for acc.)→ imperfective (stative possession)ἔχω: 'have'; the nominative ἔχων, hanging from an accusative phrase, is a characteristic Apocalyptic concord-break.
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνκεφαλή: 'head'; interpreted at vv.9–10 as mountains/kings.
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κέραταhornsAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνκέρας: 'horn'; symbol of kingly power (Dan 7:7), explained at v.12.
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (attributive)δέκα: 'ten.'
4

καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἦν περιβεβλημένη πορφυροῦν καὶ κόκκινον, καὶ κεχρυσωμένη χρυσίῳ καὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ καὶ μαργαρίταις, ἔχουσα ποτήριον χρυσοῦν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτῆς γέμον βδελυγμάτων καὶ τὰ ἀκάθαρτα τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς,

And the woman was clothed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stone and pearls, holding in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of her fornication,

Descriptive expansionκαίThe harlot's imperial-cultic splendor — the periphrastic perfects depict settled luxury — set against the loathsome contents of her cup (the great anti-grail). The accusative τὰ ἀκάθαρτα hangs loosely after the genitive βδελυγμάτων, another concord-break.
καὶandnarrative connective
theNominativearticle (nominative)
γυνὴwomanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (auxiliary of periphrasis)→ imperfective (descriptive state)εἰμί: 'be'; here forming periphrastic perfects with the participles.
περιβεβλημένηclothed inPerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · περιβάλλωperiphrastic participle (with ἦν)→ intensive perfect (settled adornment)περιβάλλω: 'put around, clothe.'
πορφυροῦνpurpleAccusativeaccusative of clothing (object of περιβεβλημένη)πορφυροῦς: 'purple'; the dye of royalty and wealth (cf. 18:12, 16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeaccusative of clothingκόκκινος: 'scarlet.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κεχρυσωμένηadorned with goldPerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · χρυσόωperiphrastic participle (with ἦν)→ intensive perfect (settled state)χρυσόω: 'gild, adorn with gold.'
χρυσίῳgoldDativedative of meansχρυσίον: 'gold, gold ornament.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λίθῳstoneDativedative of meansλίθος: 'stone.'
τιμίῳpreciousDativeattributive adjectiveτίμιος: 'precious, costly.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μαργαρίταιςpearlsDativedative of meansμαργαρίτης: 'pearl.'
ἔχουσαholdingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωcircumstantial participle (modifies γυνή)→ imperfective (concurrent action)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
ποτήριονa cupAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσαποτήριον: 'cup'; the golden cup of Babylon (Jer 51:7).
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjectiveχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; the gleaming exterior masks the filth within.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: 'in.'
τῇtheDativearticle (dative)
χειρὶhandDativeobject of ἐνχείρ: 'hand.'
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
γέμονfull ofPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · γέμωattributive participle (modifies ποτήριον)→ imperfective (stative fullness)γέμω: 'be full of.'
βδελυγμάτωνabominationsGenitivegenitive of content after γέμονβδέλυγμα: 'abomination, detestable thing'; the LXX term for idolatry (Dan 9:27).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle (accusative; loose concord-break)
ἀκάθαρταimpuritiesAccusativeaccusative in apposition (solecistic for genitive)ἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; substantival neuter plural 'the unclean things.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
πορνείαςfornicationGenitivegenitive of sourceπορνεία: 'fornication.'
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
5

καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῆς ὄνομα γεγραμμένον, μυστήριον, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ μήτηρ τῶν πορνῶν καὶ τῶν βδελυγμάτων τῆς γῆς.

and on her forehead a name was written, a mystery: Babylon the great, the mother of prostitutes and of the abominations of the earth.

Descriptive expansionκαίThe harlot's branded forehead — parody of the seal of God (7:3; 14:1) and of the priestly headplate (Exod 28:36). μυστήριον may name the inscription or label it 'a mystery' (so the title is symbolic, not the literal city).
καὶandnarrative connective
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (location upon)ἐπί: 'on.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
μέτωπονforeheadAccusativeobject of ἐπίμέτωπον: 'forehead'; the place of the divine seal and the beast's mark (13:16).
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
ὄνομαa nameNominativesubject (verbless clause; 'was written')ὄνομα: 'name.'
γεγραμμένονwrittenPerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · γράφωattributive participle (modifies ὄνομα)→ intensive perfect (inscribed and standing)γράφω: 'write.'
μυστήριονa mysteryNominativeappositive to ὄνομα (or in apposition to the title)μυστήριον: 'mystery, secret'; here flagging the name as symbolic — to be decoded (cf. v.7).
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonNominativeappositive (the inscribed name)Βαβυλών: 'Babylon'; cipher for the idolatrous world-capital — Rome in John's day, the archetypal God-opposing city (cf. 14:8; 18:2).
theNominativearticle (attributive)
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great.'
theNominativearticle (in apposition)
μήτηρmotherNominativeappositive to Βαβυλώνμήτηρ: 'mother'; matrix and source of all earthly harlotry and idolatry.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
πορνῶνprostitutesGenitivegenitive of relationship (after μήτηρ)πόρνη: 'prostitute'; her 'daughters' are the lesser harlot-cities.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
βδελυγμάτωνabominationsGenitivegenitive of relationshipβδέλυγμα: 'abomination.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of source/originγῆ: 'earth.'
6

καὶ εἶδον τὴν γυναῖκα μεθύουσαν ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος τῶν ἁγίων καὶ ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ. Καὶ ἐθαύμασα ἰδὼν αὐτὴν θαῦμα μέγα.

And I saw the woman drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the witnesses of Jesus. And when I saw her I marveled with great amazement.

Vision climaxκαίThe vision peaks in horror: the harlot is sated not with wine but with martyr-blood — the cognate accusative ἐθαύμασα ... θαῦμα μέγα ('marveled a great marvel') intensifies John's bewilderment, prompting the angel's explanation.
καὶandnarrative connective
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (vision formula)→ aoristic (narrative seeing)ὁράω: 'see.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
γυναῖκαwomanAccusativedirect object of εἶδονγυνή: 'woman.'
μεθύουσανdrunkPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · μεθύωpredicate participle (object complement)→ imperfective (ongoing drunkenness)μεθύω: 'be drunk'; intoxicated with persecution, gorged on the saints' blood.
ἐκwithpreposition + genitive (source/means)ἐκ: 'from'; here instrumental ('drunk with/from').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
αἵματοςbloodGenitiveobject of ἐκαἷμα: 'blood.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
ἁγίωνsaintsGenitivegenitive of sourceἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the persecuted people of God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκwithpreposition + genitive (source/means)ἐκ: 'from.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
αἵματοςbloodGenitiveobject of ἐκαἷμα: 'blood.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
μαρτύρωνwitnessesGenitivegenitive of sourceμάρτυς: 'witness, martyr'; those slain for their testimony (cf. 2:13; 6:9).
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitiveobjective genitive (witnesses to/of Jesus)Ἰησοῦς: 'Jesus'; the genitive joins 'the testimony of Jesus' (cf. 1:9; 12:17).
ΚαὶAndnarrative connective
ἐθαύμασαI marveledAor Act Indic 1 Sg · θαυμάζωmain verb→ aoristic (reaction)θαυμάζω: 'marvel, wonder'; John's astonishment, perhaps of perplexed admiration, which the angel rebukes/explains.
ἰδὼνwhen I sawAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωtemporal participle (antecedent action)→ aoristic (prior glance)ὁράω: 'see.'
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object of ἰδών
θαῦμαamazementAccusativecognate accusative (with ἐθαύμασα)θαῦμα: 'wonder, amazement.'
μέγαgreatAccusativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great.'
7

καὶ εἶπέν μοι ὁ ἄγγελος· Διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας; ἐγὼ ἐρῶ σοι τὸ μυστήριον τῆς γυναικὸς καὶ τοῦ θηρίου τοῦ βαστάζοντος αὐτήν, τοῦ ἔχοντος τὰς ἑπτὰ κεφαλὰς καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα.

And the angel said to me: Why did you marvel? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and the ten horns.

Interpretive turnκαίThe angelus interpres takes over: rebuking John's wonder and promising the decoding of the 'mystery' (vv.8–18). The vision (1–6) now yields to interpretation.
καὶandnarrative connective
εἶπένsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ aoristic (narrative)λέγω (aor. εἶπον): 'say.'
μοιto meDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle (nominative)
ἄγγελοςangelNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'angel.'
Διὰforpreposition + accusative (cause; with τί = 'why')διά: 'because of'; διὰ τί = 'why?'
τίwhyAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of διά)τίς: 'who? what?'
ἐθαύμασαςdid you marvelAor Act Indic 2 Sg · θαυμάζωmain verb (question)→ aoristic (the act just performed)θαυμάζω: 'marvel.'
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject pronounἐγώ: 'I'; emphatic — 'I (myself) will tell.'
ἐρῶI will tellFut Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureλέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): 'tell.'
σοιyouDativeindirect object
τὸtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
μυστήριονmysteryAccusativedirect object of ἐρῶμυστήριον: 'mystery'; the hidden meaning now to be revealed.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
γυναικὸςwomanGenitiveobjective genitive (mystery concerning the woman)γυνή: 'woman.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
θηρίουbeastGenitiveobjective genitiveθηρίον: 'beast.'
τοῦthatGenitivearticle (substantizes the participle)
βαστάζοντοςcarriesPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · βαστάζωattributive participle (modifies θηρίου)→ imperfective (ongoing bearing)βαστάζω: 'carry, bear, support.'
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object of βαστάζοντος
τοῦwhichGenitivearticle (substantizes the participle)
ἔχοντοςhasPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · ἔχωattributive participle (modifies θηρίου)→ imperfective (stative possession)ἔχω: 'have.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντοςκεφαλή: 'head.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (attributive)δέκα: 'ten.'
κέραταhornsAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντοςκέρας: 'horn.'
8

τὸ θηρίον ὃ εἶδες ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν, καὶ μέλλει ἀναβαίνειν ἐκ τῆς ἀβύσσου καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει· καὶ θαυμασθήσονται οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὸ ὄνομα ἐπὶ τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, βλεπόντων τὸ θηρίον ὅτι ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν καὶ παρέσται.

The beast that you saw was and is not, and is about to rise from the abyss and go to destruction. And the dwellers on the earth, whose name has not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, will marvel when they see the beast, that it was and is not and will be present.

Riddle of the beastasyndetonThe first riddle: the beast's 'was–is not–will come' is a demonic parody of the divine 'who was and is and is to come' (1:4, 8) and of the slain-yet-living Lamb — a counterfeit resurrection (cf. 13:3, the mortal wound healed). It rises from the abyss only to march to destruction.
τὸtheNominativearticle (nominative)
θηρίονbeastNominativesubjectθηρίον: 'beast.'
thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδες)
εἶδεςyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (the past vision)ὁράω: 'see.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ imperfective (past existence)εἰμί: 'be'; ἦν 'was' — the beast's former being.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ stative present (present non-being)εἰμί: 'be'; οὐκ ἔστιν 'is not' — its present absence/eclipse.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μέλλειis aboutPres Act Indic 3 Sg · μέλλωmain verb (+ infinitive)→ imminent futurityμέλλω: 'be about to'; auxiliary marking imminence.
ἀναβαίνεινto risePres Act Infin · ἀναβαίνωcomplementary infinitive (after μέλλει)→ imperfective (process of ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up, ascend, rise.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
ἀβύσσουabyssGenitiveobject of ἐκἄβυσσος: 'abyss, bottomless pit'; the demonic underworld (9:1–2, 11; 11:7).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'to, into.'
ἀπώλειανdestructionAccusativeobject of εἰςἀπώλεια: 'destruction, perdition'; the beast's appointed end (v.11; 19:20).
ὑπάγειgoesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (futuristic present)→ imperfective (certain, impending departure)ὑπάγω: 'go away, depart.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
θαυμασθήσονταιwill marvelFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · θαυμάζωmain verb→ predictive future (deponent-passive 'marvel')θαυμάζω: 'marvel'; the earth-dwellers' awe answers 13:3 ('the whole earth marveled after the beast').
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizes the participle)
κατοικοῦντεςwho dwellPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ imperfective (habitual dwelling)κατοικέω: 'dwell'; 'the earth-dwellers.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)ἐπί: 'on.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπίγῆ: 'earth.'
ὧνwhoseGenitiverelative pronoun (possessive genitive)
οὐnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
γέγραπταιhas been writtenPerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb of relative clause→ intensive perfect (settled, irreversible record)γράφω: 'write'; the perfect 'stands written' — the divine registry is fixed.
τὸtheNominativearticle (nominative)
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of γέγραπταιὄνομα: 'name.'
ἐπὶinpreposition + accusative (location)ἐπί: 'upon, in.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
βιβλίονbookAccusativeobject of ἐπίβιβλίον: 'book, scroll.'
τῆςofGenitivearticle (genitive)
ζωῆςlifeGenitivegenitive of content (the book that confers life)ζωή: 'life'; the Lamb's book of life (13:8; 20:12; 21:27).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal source)ἀπό: 'from.'
καταβολῆςthe foundationGenitiveobject of ἀπόκαταβολή: 'foundation, founding'; 'from the foundation of the world' — pretemporal election (cf. 13:8).
κόσμουof the worldGenitiveobjective/possessive genitiveκόσμος: 'world.'
βλεπόντωνwhen they seePres Act Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · βλέπωgenitive participle (temporal; loose concord with ὧν)→ imperfective (concurrent seeing)βλέπω: 'see, look at.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
θηρίονbeastAccusativedirect object of βλεπόντωνθηρίον: 'beast.'
ὅτιthatconjunction (epexegetical content clause)ὅτι: 'that.'
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of content clause→ imperfective (past existence)εἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of content clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παρέσταιwill be presentFut Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · πάρειμιverb of content clause (future)→ predictive futureπάρειμι: 'be present, come'; the beast's mock-parousia, παρέσται echoing ('shall be present') the divine ὁ ἐρχόμενος.
9

ὧδε ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἔχων σοφίαν. αἱ ἑπτὰ κεφαλαὶ ἑπτὰ ὄρη εἰσίν, ὅπου ἡ γυνὴ κάθηται ἐπ’ αὐτῶν. καὶ βασιλεῖς ἑπτά εἰσιν·

Here is the mind that has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits; and they are seven kings.

Decoding keyasyndetonA call for interpretive discernment (cf. 13:18) introduces the double sense of the seven heads: seven mountains (the seven hills of Rome, transparently) and, simultaneously, seven kings — symbol layered on symbol.
ὧδεHere isadverb (presentative)ὧδε: 'here'; 'here is the mind...' = this calls for wisdom (cf. 13:10, 18).
theNominativearticle (nominative)
νοῦςmindNominativesubject (verbless clause)νοῦς: 'mind, understanding'; the discerning intellect required to read the symbol.
thatNominativearticle (substantizes the participle)
ἔχωνhasPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωattributive participle (modifies νοῦς)→ imperfective (stative possession)ἔχω: 'have.'
σοφίανwisdomAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνσοφία: 'wisdom'; the prophetic insight to decode the beast.
αἱtheNominativearticle (nominative)
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
κεφαλαὶheadsNominativesubjectκεφαλή: 'head.'
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
ὄρηmountainsNominativepredicate nominativeὄρος: 'mountain, hill'; the seven hills (montes) of Rome are evoked.
εἰσίνarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be'; the interpretive 'are' = 'symbolize.'
ὅπουwhererelative adverb (locative)ὅπου: 'where.'
theNominativearticle (nominative)
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject of κάθηταιγυνή: 'woman.'
κάθηταιsitsPres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιverb of relative clause→ imperfective (settled dominion)κάθημαι: 'sit'; resumptive ἐπ’ αὐτῶν ('on them') is a redundant Semitic pronoun.
ἐπ’onpreposition + genitive (location; resumptive)ἐπί: 'on.'
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐπί (resumptive of ὅπου)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς: 'king'; the second layer of the riddle — the heads are also kings/emperors.
ἑπτάsevenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be.'
10

οἱ πέντε ἔπεσαν, ὁ εἷς ἔστιν, ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν, καὶ ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι.

Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain only a little while.

Enumeration of the kingsasyndetonThe seven kings counted out: five past, one present, one future-and-brief. The 'one is' fixes the vision in the seer's own present; precise identification of the emperors is debated, and the schema is more theological than chronological.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantival numeral)
πέντεfiveindeclinable numeral (substantival subject)πέντε: 'five.'
ἔπεσανhave fallenAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πίπτωmain verb→ aoristic (fallen/passed away)πίπτω: 'fall'; here 'have fallen' = have died/passed from rule.
theNominativearticle (substantival numeral)
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral)εἷς: 'one'; the reigning king of John's present.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative present (now reigning)εἰμί: 'be.'
theNominativearticle (substantival adjective)
ἄλλοςotherNominativesubjectἄλλος: 'other, another.'
οὔπωnot yetadverb (temporal negative)οὔπω: 'not yet.'
ἦλθενhas comeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ aoristic (not-yet-arrived)ἔρχομαι: 'come.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (+ subjunctive)ὅταν: 'whenever, when.'
ἔλθῃhe comesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of temporal clause (subjunctive)→ aoristic (contingent future event)ἔρχομαι: 'come.'
ὀλίγονa little whileAccusativeadverbial accusative of durationὀλίγος: 'little, short'; his reign is curtailed.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive μεῖναι
δεῖmustPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖimpersonal verb (+ infinitive)→ stative present (divine necessity)δεῖ: 'it is necessary'; the δεῖ of foreordained history (cf. 1:1; Dan 2:28).
μεῖναιremainAor Act Infin · μένωcomplementary infinitive (after δεῖ)→ aoristic (the act of remaining)μένω: 'remain, stay.'
11

καὶ τὸ θηρίον ὃ ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν, καὶ αὐτὸς ὄγδοός ἐστιν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν, καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει.

And the beast that was and is not, it too is an eighth, and is of the seven, and goes to destruction.

Climax of the riddleκαίThe beast is both 'an eighth' (beyond the seven, a recapitulating antichrist) and 'of the seven' (springing from them) — a deliberate paradox; its destiny, repeated from v.8, is ἀπώλεια ('destruction'), the antithesis of the eternal kingdom.
καὶandnarrative connective
τὸtheNominativearticle (nominative)
θηρίονbeastNominativesubject (resumed by αὐτός)θηρίον: 'beast.'
thatNominativerelative pronoun (subject of clause)
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ imperfective (past existence)εἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particleοὐ: 'not.'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
καὶalsoadjunctive (ascensive καί)καί: 'and, also, even.'
αὐτὸςitNominativeintensive/resumptive subject pronounαὐτός: 'he, it (himself).'
ὄγδοόςan eighthNominativepredicate nominativeὄγδοος: 'eighth'; the beast as a renewed, eschatological antichrist beyond the seven.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (source/origin)ἐκ: 'out of.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (substantival numeral)
ἑπτάsevenindeclinable numeral (object of ἐκ)ἑπτά: 'seven.'
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of source)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'to, into.'
ἀπώλειανdestructionAccusativeobject of εἰςἀπώλεια: 'destruction, perdition.'
ὑπάγειgoesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπάγωmain verb (futuristic present)→ imperfective (certain, impending end)ὑπάγω: 'go away, depart.'
12

καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα ἃ εἶδες δέκα βασιλεῖς εἰσιν, οἵτινες βασιλείαν οὔπω ἔλαβον, ἀλλὰ ἐξουσίαν ὡς βασιλεῖς μίαν ὥραν λαμβάνουσιν μετὰ τοῦ θηρίου.

And the ten horns that you saw are ten kings, who have not yet received a kingdom, but they receive authority as kings for one hour together with the beast.

Decoding the hornsκαίThe ten horns decoded: client-kings or eschatological rulers, not yet enthroned, who receive transient ('one hour') royal authority alongside the beast — a coalition of vassal powers serving the antichrist.
καὶandnarrative connective
τὰtheNominativearticle (nominative)
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (attributive)δέκα: 'ten.'
κέραταhornsNominativesubjectκέρας: 'horn'; from Daniel's ten-horned fourth beast (Dan 7:7, 24).
thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδες)
εἶδεςyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (the past vision)ὁράω: 'see.'
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (attributive)
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς: 'king.'
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be.'
οἵτινεςwhoNominativeindefinite relative pronoun (subject)ὅστις: 'whoever, who'; qualitative — 'such as.'
βασιλείανa kingdomAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβονβασιλεία: 'kingdom, royal rule.'
οὔπωnot yetadverb (temporal negative)οὔπω: 'not yet.'
ἔλαβονhave receivedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (not-yet-attained)λαμβάνω: 'receive, take.'
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunctionἀλλά: 'but.'
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of λαμβάνουσινἐξουσία: 'authority, power.'
ὡςascomparative particleὡς: 'as, like.'
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate after ὡς (comparison)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeral (with ὥραν)εἷς: 'one.'
ὥρανhourAccusativeaccusative of durationὥρα: 'hour'; 'one hour' = a brief, fixed span (cf. 18:10, 17, 19).
λαμβάνουσινreceivePres Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (futuristic present)→ imperfective (the granting in view)λαμβάνω: 'receive.'
μετὰtogether withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
θηρίουbeastGenitiveobject of μετάθηρίον: 'beast.'
13

οὗτοι μίαν γνώμην ἔχουσιν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν καὶ τὴν ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν.

These have one purpose, and they give their power and authority to the beast.

Coalition with the beastasyndetonThe ten kings act with a single will (μία γνώμη, anticipating v.17), abdicating their own power into the beast's service — the concentration of the world's might under the antichrist before the final conflict.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος: 'this, these.'
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeralεἷς: 'one.'
γνώμηνpurposeAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσινγνώμη: 'mind, purpose, resolve'; unanimity of intent.
ἔχουσινhavePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ imperfective (settled disposition)ἔχω: 'have, hold.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
δύναμινpowerAccusativedirect object of διδόασινδύναμις: 'power, might.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect object of διδόασινἐξουσία: 'authority.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
τῷtheDativearticle (dative)
θηρίῳto the beastDativeindirect objectθηρίον: 'beast.'
διδόασινthey givePres Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb→ imperfective (concerted handing-over)δίδωμι: 'give.'
14

οὗτοι μετὰ τοῦ ἀρνίου πολεμήσουσιν, καὶ τὸ ἀρνίον νικήσει αὐτούς, ὅτι κύριος κυρίων ἐστὶν καὶ βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ καὶ πιστοί.

These will make war on the Lamb, and the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those with him are called and chosen and faithful.

Decisive verdictasyndetonThe chapter's theological crux and reassurance: the beast-coalition wars on the Lamb, but the outcome is announced before the battle (proleptically; cf. 19:11–21). The titles 'Lord of lords and King of kings' (Deut 10:17; Dan 4:34 LXX) crown the Lamb's supremacy; his retinue is trebly described.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subjectοὗτος: 'these.'
μετὰonpreposition + genitive (here of hostile engagement)μετά: 'with'; with πολεμέω = 'wage war against.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
ἀρνίουLambGenitiveobject of μετάἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the slain-yet-conquering Lamb, the Apocalypse's central title for Christ (5:6).
πολεμήσουσινwill make warFut Act Indic 3 Pl · πολεμέωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureπολεμέω: 'make war, fight.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (nominative)
ἀρνίονLambNominativesubjectἀρνίον: 'lamb.'
νικήσειwill conquerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · νικάωmain verb (future)→ predictive future (certain victory)νικάω: 'conquer, overcome'; the keyword of the Apocalypse (cf. 5:5; 12:11).
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, that.'
κύριοςLordNominativepredicate nominativeκύριος: 'lord, master'; here the divine title.
κυρίωνof lordsGenitivegenitive (superlative idiom)κύριος: 'lord'; 'Lord of lords' (Deut 10:17; Ps 136:3).
ἐστὶνhe isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βασιλεὺςKingNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς: 'king.'
βασιλέωνof kingsGenitivegenitive (superlative idiom)βασιλεύς: 'king'; 'King of kings' (cf. 19:16; Dan 2:47).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantizes prepositional phrase as subject)
μετ’withpreposition + genitive (association)μετά: 'with.'
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of μετά
κλητοὶcalledNominativepredicate nominativeκλητός: 'called, invited'; the first of three covenant terms for the Lamb's people.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐκλεκτοὶchosenNominativepredicate nominativeἐκλεκτός: 'chosen, elect.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πιστοίfaithfulNominativepredicate nominativeπιστός: 'faithful, trustworthy'; perseverance crowns calling and election.
15

Καὶ λέγει μοι· Τὰ ὕδατα ἃ εἶδες, οὗ ἡ πόρνη κάθηται, λαοὶ καὶ ὄχλοι εἰσὶν καὶ ἔθνη καὶ γλῶσσαι.

And he says to me: The waters that you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples and crowds and nations and tongues.

Decoding the watersκαίThe angel resumes (historic present λέγει) to decode the 'many waters' of v.1: the fourfold formula (peoples, crowds, nations, tongues) marks the prostitute's universal sway over humanity — power she will lose in v.16.
ΚαὶAndnarrative connective
λέγειhe saysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (historic present)→ imperfective (vivid narrative present)λέγω: 'say.'
μοιto meDativeindirect object
ΤὰTheNominativearticle (nominative)
ὕδαταwatersNominativesubjectὕδωρ: 'water.'
thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδες)
εἶδεςyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (the past vision)ὁράω: 'see.'
οὗwhererelative adverb (locative)οὗ: 'where.'
theNominativearticle (nominative)
πόρνηprostituteNominativesubject of κάθηταιπόρνη: 'prostitute.'
κάθηταιsitsPres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιverb of relative clause→ imperfective (settled dominion)κάθημαι: 'sit.'
λαοὶpeoplesNominativepredicate nominativeλαός: 'people.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativepredicate nominativeὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude.'
εἰσὶνarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔθνηnationsNominativepredicate nominativeἔθνος: 'nation, Gentiles.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γλῶσσαιtonguesNominativepredicate nominativeγλῶσσα: 'tongue, language'; the fourfold formula for all humanity (cf. 5:9; 7:9; 13:7).
16

καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα ἃ εἶδες καὶ τὸ θηρίον, οὗτοι μισήσουσιν τὴν πόρνην, καὶ ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν, καὶ τὰς σάρκας αὐτῆς φάγονται, καὶ αὐτὴν κατακαύσουσιν ἐν πυρί.

And the ten horns that you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute and will make her desolate and naked, and will devour her flesh and burn her up with fire.

Reversal: the harlot destroyedκαίThe stunning turn: the very powers that bore the harlot turn on her, enacting the OT judgment on the unfaithful (Ezek 16:37–41; 23:25–29) — stripped, devoured, and burned, the lex talionis of v.6's bloodshed.
καὶandnarrative connective
τὰtheNominativearticle (nominative)
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (attributive)δέκα: 'ten.'
κέραταhornsNominativesubject (resumed by οὗτοι)κέρας: 'horn.'
thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδες)
εἶδεςyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (the past vision)ὁράω: 'see.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (nominative)
θηρίονbeastNominativesubject (second subject of the hating)θηρίον: 'beast'; the best text makes the beast itself a co-destroyer of the harlot.
οὗτοιtheseNominativeresumptive demonstrative subjectοὗτος: 'these.'
μισήσουσινwill hateFut Act Indic 3 Pl · μισέωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureμισέω: 'hate.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
πόρνηνprostituteAccusativedirect objectπόρνη: 'prostitute.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠρημωμένηνdesolatePerf Mid/Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἐρημόωobject complement (with ποιήσουσιν)→ intensive perfect (resultant ruined state)ἐρημόω: 'lay waste, make desolate.'
ποιήσουσινwill makeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (future; double accusative)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do, make.'
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γυμνήνnakedAccusativeobject complement (second predicate of αὐτήν)γυμνός: 'naked, bare'; the harlot stripped of her finery (cf. Ezek 16:39).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
σάρκαςfleshAccusativedirect object of φάγονταισάρξ: 'flesh'; the plural 'pieces of flesh' echoes Jezebel's fate (2 Kgs 9:36).
αὐτῆςherGenitivepossessive genitive
φάγονταιwill devourFut Mid/Dep Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureἐσθίω: 'eat, devour.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object of κατακαύσουσιν
κατακαύσουσινwill burn upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακαίωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureκατακαίω: 'burn down, consume'; the penalty of the priest's daughter turned harlot (Lev 21:9; cf. 18:8).
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrument)ἐν: 'in, with.'
πυρίfireDativedative of instrumentπῦρ: 'fire.'
17

ὁ γὰρ θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιῆσαι μίαν γνώμην καὶ δοῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ, ἄχρι τελεσθήσονται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ θεοῦ.

For God put it into their hearts to do his purpose, and to be of one mind and give their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God will be fulfilled.

Ground (divine sovereignty)γάρThe theological key to the whole sequence: even the antichristian coalition's hatred and self-aggrandizement execute God's purpose (γνώμη), serving his decreed end — the kings' 'one mind' (v.13) is itself God's gift, bounded 'until' his words are fulfilled.
theNominativearticle (nominative)
γὰρforexplanatory/causal conjunction (postpositive)γάρ: 'for.'
θεὸςGodNominativesubjectθεός: 'God'; the true sovereign behind the beast's brief reign.
ἔδωκενputAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ aoristic (decisive act)δίδωμι: 'give, put'; 'gave into their hearts' = a Hebraism for prompting a resolve.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal/location)εἰς: 'into.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
καρδίαςheartsAccusativeobject of εἰςκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of will and resolve.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive (content of ἔδωκεν)→ aoristic (the act enjoined)ποιέω: 'do, carry out.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
γνώμηνpurposeAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαιγνώμη: 'mind, purpose'; here God's purpose, which their 'one purpose' (v.13) unwittingly serves.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (refers to God)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ποιῆσαιto beAor Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive→ aoristicποιέω: 'make'; ποιῆσαι μίαν γνώμην = 'to form one mind.'
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeralεἷς: 'one.'
γνώμηνmindAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαιγνώμη: 'mind, resolve.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Infin · δίδωμιepexegetical infinitive→ aoristicδίδωμι: 'give.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (accusative)
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativedirect object of δοῦναιβασιλεία: 'kingdom, royal rule.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
τῷtheDativearticle (dative)
θηρίῳto the beastDativeindirect objectθηρίον: 'beast.'
ἄχριuntiltemporal conjunctionἄχρι: 'until.'
τελεσθήσονταιwill be fulfilledFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · τελέωverb of temporal clause→ predictive future (the term set by God)τελέω: 'complete, fulfill, accomplish.'
οἱtheNominativearticle (nominative)
λόγοιwordsNominativesubject of τελεσθήσονταιλόγος: 'word'; God's prophetic decrees, which set the term of the beast's reign.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (genitive)
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveθεός: 'God.'
18

καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἣν εἶδες ἔστιν ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη ἡ ἔχουσα βασιλείαν ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς.

And the woman whom you saw is the great city that holds dominion over the kings of the earth.

Final identificationκαίThe capstone decoding: the harlot is 'the great city' (Rome, and every God-opposing world-capital) wielding sovereignty over earth's kings — closing the riddle and turning the reader toward Babylon's dirge in ch. 18.
καὶandnarrative connective
theNominativearticle (nominative)
γυνὴwomanNominativesubjectγυνή: 'woman.'
ἣνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶδες)
εἶδεςyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause→ aoristic (the past vision)ὁράω: 'see.'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative present (equation)εἰμί: 'be'; the interpretive 'is' = 'signifies.'
theNominativearticle (nominative)
πόλιςcityNominativepredicate nominativeπόλις: 'city'; 'the great city' — Babylon/Rome, antitype of the holy city (21:2).
theNominativearticle (attributive)
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great.'
thatNominativearticle (substantizes the participle)
ἔχουσαholdsPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἔχωattributive participle (modifies πόλις)→ imperfective (continuing dominion)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; 'having a kingdom over' = exercising rule.
βασιλείανdominionAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσαβασιλεία: 'kingdom, rule, sovereignty.'
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (rule over)ἐπί: 'over, upon.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (genitive)
βασιλέωνkingsGenitiveobject of ἐπίβασιλεύς: 'king.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive)
γῆςearthGenitivepossessive genitiveγῆ: 'earth.'