independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecomparativecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended
Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)
The fifth trumpet — the locusts from the abyss 9:1–12
vv. 1–3 — the fallen star, the opened shaft, the locusts out of the smoke
1
Καὶ ὁ πέμπτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν·independent — the fifth trumpet — the first Woe of 8:13 begins
καὶ εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὴν γῆν,independent — perfect πεπτωκότα — already fallen, a settled state; a personal agent, not a meteor
καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου.independent — divine passive ἐδόθη — the abyss opens only on loan
2
καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ φρέαρ τῆς ἀβύσσου,independent — the key used at once
καὶ ἀνέβη καπνὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρέατοςindependent — the abyss answers with smoke
ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης,comparative — verbless — Sodom's furnace (Gen 19:28) and Sinai's (Exod 19:18)
καὶ ἐσκοτώθη ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ τοῦ φρέατος.independent — darkness from below — Exod 10:15; Joel 2:10
3
καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ ἐξῆλθον ἀκρίδες εἰς τὴν γῆν,independent — the locusts emerge — Exod 10:12–15; Joel 1–2
καὶ ἐδόθη αὐταῖς ἐξουσίαindependent — the second ἐδόθη — their power is delegated
ὡς ἔχουσιν ἐξουσίαν οἱ σκορπίοι τῆς γῆς.comparative — finite ὡς clause — scorpion-power, not locust-appetite
vv. 4–6 — the commission: torment, not death, for the unsealed
4
καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐταῖςindependent — ἐρρέθη — the command likewise passive, from the throne
ἵνα μὴ ἀδικήσουσιν τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ πᾶν χλωρὸν οὐδὲ πᾶν δένδρον,content — the command — ἵνα + future indicative ἀδικήσουσιν, a Revelation idiom; anti-locust orders
εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἀνθρώπουςphrase modifier — εἰ μή — the exception, accusative object of ἀδικήσουσιν
οἵτινες οὐκ ἔχουσι τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων.relative — the sealed of 7:3 exempted — οἵτινες, 'such as'
5
καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖςindependent — the third ἐδόθη — masculine αὐτοῖς for the feminine locusts, ad sensum
ἵνα μὴ ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτούς,content — the limit — ἵνα + subjunctive
ἀλλ’ ἵνα βασανισθήσονται μῆνας πέντε·content — ἵνα + future βασανισθήσονται — torment, not death; five months, a locust's season
καὶ ὁ βασανισμὸς αὐτῶν ὡς βασανισμὸς σκορπίου,independent — verbless comparison — the sting defined
ὅταν παίσῃ ἄνθρωπον.conditional — ὅταν — indefinite temporal, backward-leaning on the comparison, so anchored
6
καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ζητήσουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν θάνατονindependent — the oracle — future; Job 3:21; Jer 8:3
καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν,independent — οὐ μή + future — the strongest denial
καὶ ἐπιθυμήσουσιν ἀποθανεῖνindependent — the pair doubled — desire after search
καὶ φεύγει ὁ θάνατος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν.independent — the tense breaks to vivid present φεύγει — death keeps running
vv. 7–11 — the description column, and the king of the abyss
7
Καὶ τὰ ὁμοιώματα τῶν ἀκρίδων ὅμοια ἵπποις ἡτοιμασμένοις εἰς πόλεμον,independent — the description column opens — verbless; Joel 2:4
καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν ὡς στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ,independent — ὡς … ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ — as-if crowns, gold-like, twice hedged
καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὡς πρόσωπα ἀνθρώπων.independent — the horror of the almost-human
8
καὶ εἶχον τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν,independent — εἶχον — the column briefly finite; long antennae-hair
καὶ οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτῶν ὡς λεόντων ἦσαν,independent — Joel 1:6 — a nation with lion's teeth
9
καὶ εἶχον θώρακας ὡς θώρακας σιδηροῦς,independent — the thorax armored — invulnerable
καὶ ἡ φωνὴ τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν ὡς φωνὴ ἁρμάτων ἵππων πολλῶν τρεχόντων εἰς πόλεμον.independent — verbless — Joel 2:5, the chariot-din; τρεχόντων kept internal
10
καὶ ἔχουσιν οὐρὰς ὁμοίας σκορπίοις καὶ κέντρα,independent — the tense slides to present ἔχουσιν — the vision pressing near
καὶ ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε.independent — verbless — epexegetic ἀδικῆσαι names the power; the five months repeated, closing the frame of v. 5
11
ἔχουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτῶν βασιλέα τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς ἀβύσσου·independent — asyndeton — against Prov 30:27, 'the locust has no king': these do
ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστὶ Ἀβαδδών,independent — verbless — Abaddon, Destruction, the underworld of Job 26:6; 28:22
καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑλληνικῇ ὄνομα ἔχει Ἀπολλύων.independent — the bilingual naming — Apollyon, Destroyer; both tongues of the churches told who rules the pit
v. 12 — the tally of Woes
12
Ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ μία ἀπῆλθεν·independent — the tally — feminine ἡ οὐαί, the interjection treated as a noun
ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται ἔτι δύο οὐαὶ μετὰ ταῦτα.independent — ἰδού — singular ἔρχεται before plural δύο οὐαί; the hinge to the sixth trumpet
The sixth trumpet — the cavalry from the Euphrates 9:13–19
vv. 13–16 — the voice from the altar; the four angels released
13
Καὶ ὁ ἕκτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν·independent — the sixth trumpet — the second Woe
καὶ ἤκουσα φωνὴν μίαν ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ χρυσοῦ τοῦ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ,independent — one voice from the horns — the altar where the saints' prayers rose (8:3–5) now answers
14
λέγοντα τῷ ἕκτῳ ἀγγέλῳ, ὁ ἔχων τὴν σάλπιγγα·participial — masculine λέγοντα with feminine φωνήν, and nominative ὁ ἔχων for the dative — the Apocalypse's grammar strains ad sensum
Λῦσον τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους τοὺς δεδεμένους ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ μεγάλῳ Εὐφράτῃ.content — the quoted command — bound angels at the empire's dreaded frontier; τοὺς δεδεμένους kept internal
15
καὶ ἐλύθησαν οἱ τέσσαρες ἄγγελοιindependent — ἐλύθησαν — the command executed, again in the passive
οἱ ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς τὴν ὥραν καὶ ἡμέραν καὶ μῆνα καὶ ἐνιαυτόν,participial — one article over the whole series — a single appointed point, not a duration
ἵνα ἀποκτείνωσιν τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀνθρώπων.purpose — on ἡτοιμασμένοι — prepared precisely for this; the third escalates the fourth part of 6:8
16
καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν στρατευμάτων τοῦ ἱππικοῦ δισμυριάδες μυριάδων·independent — verbless — δισμυριάδες μυριάδων, two hundred million, a number past counting
ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν.independent — asyndeton — heard, not counted (cf. 7:4)
vv. 17–19 — the horses and their riders; fire, smoke, and sulfur
17
καὶ οὕτως εἶδον τοὺς ἵππους ἐν τῇ ὁράσει καὶ τοὺς καθημένους ἐπ’ αὐτῶν,independent — οὕτως points forward; ὅρασις — the only 'vision' so named in the book
ἔχοντας θώρακας πυρίνους καὶ ὑακινθίνους καὶ θειώδεις·participial — accusative ἔχοντας — riders (and horses) armored in the very colors of their plague
καὶ αἱ κεφαλαὶ τῶν ἵππων ὡς κεφαλαὶ λεόντων,independent — the description column resumes — verbless
καὶ ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν ἐκπορεύεται πῦρ καὶ καπνὸς καὶ θεῖον.independent — vivid present ἐκπορεύεται — the triad that becomes the three plagues
18
ἀπὸ τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν τούτων ἀπεκτάνθησαν τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀνθρώπων,independent — asyndeton — the result; plural ἀπεκτάνθησαν with neuter τὸ τρίτον, ad sensum
ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ καπνοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν.phrase modifier — the plagues specified — ἐκ resumes ἀπό; singular τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου over the whole triad
19
ἡ γὰρ ἐξουσία τῶν ἵππων ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν καὶ ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν·cause — γάρ — the ground of the slaughter: mouth and tail alike
αἱ γὰρ οὐραὶ αὐτῶν ὅμοιαι ὄφεσιν,cause — second γάρ — verbless comparison, ground of the ground
ἔχουσαι κεφαλάς,participial — nominative ἔχουσαι with αἱ οὐραί — tails that bite
καὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ἀδικοῦσιν.cause — coordinate with the comparison — ἀδικοῦσιν closes the fifth trumpet's key verb on the sixth
The unrepentant 9:20–21
20
καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων,independent — the subject suspended ahead of its verb
οἳ οὐκ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς ταύταις,relative — the survivors defined — the unkilled two-thirds
οὐδὲ μετενόησαν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν,independent — οὐδέ — not even; 'works of their hands' = idols (Deut 4:28; Jer 1:16)
ἵνα μὴ προσκυνήσουσινpurpose — ἵνα + future προσκυνήσουσιν again — result-tinged purpose: repentance would have meant leaving the shrines
τὰ δαιμόνια καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ χρυσᾶ καὶ τὰ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ τὰ χαλκᾶ καὶ τὰ λίθινα καὶ τὰ ξύλινα,phrase modifier — the catalogue — demons behind the idols (Deut 32:17; Ps 106:37); five materials, descending in worth
ἃ οὔτε βλέπειν δύνανται οὔτε ἀκούειν οὔτε περιπατεῖν,relative — the idol-polemic — Ps 115:5–7; Dan 5:23
21
καὶ οὐ μετενόησανindependent — the refrain repeated — οὐ μετενόησαν
ἐκ τῶν φόνων αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῶν φαρμάκων αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῶν κλεμμάτων αὐτῶν.phrase modifier — the second catalogue — the second table of the law: murders, sorceries (φάρμακα), immorality, thefts
Analysis. Revelation 9 is Semitic parataxis wearing two textures, and the page shows both. In the narrative frames (vv. 1–6, 13–18, 20–21) nearly everything is flush-left purple — καί … καί … καί, one event per line — and the few indented lines are precisely where heaven's control shows: the passive chain ἐδόθη / ἐρρέθη / ἐδόθη (vv. 1–5) hangs its ἵνα-content lines beneath it, twice in the Apocalypse's signature ἵνα + future indicative (ἀδικήσουσιν v. 4, βασανισθήσονται v. 5; again προσκυνήσουσιν v. 20), with the εἰ μή exception and the οἵτινες relative stepping down to the unsealed. In the monster-portraits (vv. 7–11, 17, 19) the texture flips to verbless comparison columns: dashed ind-lines stacked flush left, each a ὡς- or ὅμοιος-predication (horses, crowns, faces, hair, teeth, breastplates, wings, tails; then lions' heads), so the portrait reads as a litany rather than a narrative. Interpretive choices the layout takes a side on: the ἵνα of v. 15 is hung on ἡτοιμασμένοι (prepared in order to kill), not on ἐλύθησαν; ἐκ τοῦ πυρός in v. 18 is a modifier specifying τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν; the two γάρ clauses of v. 19 are stacked as ground and ground-of-the-ground beneath ἀπεκτάνθησαν, with nominative ἔχουσαι attached to αἱ οὐραί; the ὅταν of v. 5 leans back on the scorpion comparison and so is anchored; and v. 20's ἵνα μὴ προσκυνήσουσιν is read as result-tinged purpose — 'so as to stop worshiping' — with the idol catalogue given its own dashed object column.