Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 9ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ Θ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Καὶ ὁ πέμπτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου.

And the fifth angel sounded his trumpet; and I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth, and to him was given the key of the shaft of the abyss.

Trumpet sequence (5th)καίThe fifth trumpet opens the first Woe (cf. 8:13). The perfect participle πεπτωκότα ('having fallen,' a settled state) marks the star as an already-fallen figure — a personal agent, given (the divine passive ἐδόθη) the key of the abyss.
ΚαὶAndparatactic connectiveκαί: the seriating καί of apocalyptic narrative, opening each trumpet scene.
theNominativearticle with πέμπτος ἄγγελος
πέμπτοςfifthNominativeordinal adjective (attributive)πέμπτος: fifth in the series of seven trumpet-angels.
ἄγγελοςangelNominativesubject of ἐσάλπισενἄγγελος: messenger; here one of the seven trumpet-angels.
ἐσάλπισενsounded the trumpetAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σαλπίζωmain verb→ constative/global aorist — the trumpet-blast as a wholeσαλπίζω: to sound a trumpet; the formulaic verb of the trumpet cycle.
καὶandconnective
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (vision formula)→ constative aorist — the seer's reportὁράω: the recurring 'and I saw' (καὶ εἶδον) that punctuates the visions.
ἀστέραa starAccusativedirect object of εἶδονἀστήρ: star; here a personal figure (cf. the masculine αὐτῷ following), likely a fallen angel.
ἐκfrompreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: out of, from.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with οὐρανοῦ
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitiveobject of ἐκοὐρανός: heaven, sky — the star's point of origin (cf. Isa 14:12; Luke 10:18).
πεπτωκόταhaving fallenPerf Act Ptcp · Acc Sg Masc · πίπτωattributive/predicative participle modifying ἀστέρα→ perfect — a fall already accomplished, a settled stateπίπτω: to fall; the perfect stresses the abiding result — the star is now a fallen being.
εἰςtopreposition (+ acc.) of goalεἰς: into, to.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with γῆν
γῆνearthAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ: earth, land.
καὶandconnective
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ constative aorist; theological passive — God grants the authorityδίδωμι: the recurring divine passive ἐδόθη of Revelation, marking authority delegated under God's permission.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object (recipient)
theNominativearticle with κλείς
κλεὶςkeyNominativesubject of ἐδόθηκλείς: key — authority to open and lock (cf. 1:18; 20:1).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with φρέατος
φρέατοςshaft / pitGenitivegenitive (the thing the key unlocks)φρέαρ: well, pit, shaft — here the narrow opening of the abyss.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ἀβύσσου
ἀβύσσουabyssGenitivegenitive of apposition/possession (the pit belonging to the abyss)ἄβυσσος: the bottomless deep, the prison of demonic powers (cf. Luke 8:31; Rev 20:1–3).
2

καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ φρέαρ τῆς ἀβύσσου, καὶ ἀνέβη καπνὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης, καὶ ἐσκοτώθη ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ τοῦ φρέατος.

and he opened the shaft of the abyss, and smoke went up out of the shaft like the smoke of a great furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the shaft.

Result / continuationκαίThe star uses the key. The smoke 'like a great furnace' recalls Sinai (Exod 19:18) and Sodom (Gen 19:28); darkened sun and air begin a creation-undoing, an anti-creation gloom out of the deep.
καὶandconnective
ἤνοιξενhe openedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb (subject = the fallen star)→ constative aoristἀνοίγω: to open; the key now used.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with φρέαρ
φρέαρshaftAccusativedirect object of ἤνοιξενφρέαρ: the shaft of the abyss (see v.1).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ἀβύσσου
ἀβύσσουabyssGenitivegenitive (the pit's shaft)ἄβυσσος: the bottomless deep.
καὶandconnective
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναβαίνω: to go up, ascend; smoke rising from the pit.
καπνὸςsmokeNominativesubject of ἀνέβηκαπνός: smoke.
ἐκout ofpreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: out of.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with φρέατος
φρέατοςshaftGenitiveobject of ἐκφρέαρ: shaft, pit.
ὡςlikecomparative particle introducing simileὡς: as, like — the dominant comparison-word of the chapter's imagery.
καπνὸςsmokeNominativenominative of comparison (with ὡς)καπνός: smoke (the standard of comparison).
καμίνουof a furnaceGenitivegenitive of source/possessionκάμινος: furnace, kiln (cf. Exod 19:18; Gen 19:28).
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjective with καμίνουμέγας: great, large.
καὶandconnective
ἐσκοτώθηwas darkenedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · σκοτόωmain verb (sing. with compound subject)→ constative aorist; passive of effectσκοτόω: to darken; a plague-of-darkness echo (Exod 10:21–23; Joel 2:10).
theNominativearticle with ἥλιος
ἥλιοςsunNominativesubject of ἐσκοτώθηἥλιος: sun.
καὶandconnective
theNominativearticle with ἀήρ
ἀὴρairNominativesecond subject of ἐσκοτώθηἀήρ: the air, lower atmosphere.
ἐκbypreposition (+ gen.) of causeἐκ: here causal — 'because of, by means of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with καπνοῦ
καπνοῦsmokeGenitiveobject of ἐκ (cause of the darkening)καπνός: smoke.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with φρέατος
φρέατοςshaftGenitivegenitive of sourceφρέαρ: shaft, pit.
3

καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ ἐξῆλθον ἀκρίδες εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐταῖς ἐξουσία ὡς ἔχουσιν ἐξουσίαν οἱ σκορπίοι τῆς γῆς.

And out of the smoke came locusts upon the earth, and to them was given power as the scorpions of the earth have power.

Continuation (the plague proper)καίLocusts out of the abyssal smoke recall the eighth plague of Egypt (Exod 10) and Joel's locust-army (Joel 1–2), but these are demonic, armed with scorpion-sting rather than appetite for crops (contrast v.4).
καὶandconnective
ἐκout ofpreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: out of.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with καπνοῦ
καπνοῦsmokeGenitiveobject of ἐκκαπνός: smoke.
ἐξῆλθονcame outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: to come/go out.
ἀκρίδεςlocustsNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθονἀκρίς: locust — the plague-insect of Exod 10 and Joel, here demonized.
εἰςuponpreposition (+ acc.) of goalεἰς: into, onto.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with γῆν
γῆνearthAccusativeobject of εἰςγῆ: earth, land.
καὶandconnective
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ theological passive — power delegated under Godδίδωμι: the controlling 'was given' of the chapter (vv.1, 3, 5).
αὐταῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (the locusts)
ἐξουσίαpower / authorityNominativesubject of ἐδόθηἐξουσία: authority, power; the granted right to harm.
ὡςascomparative conjunction introducing clauseὡς: as, just as.
ἔχουσινhavePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωverb of comparative clause→ present — a standing fact (scorpions' nature)ἔχω: to have, hold.
ἐξουσίανpowerAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσινἐξουσία: power (here the scorpion's stinging power).
οἱtheNominativearticle with σκορπίοι
σκορπίοιscorpionsNominativesubject of ἔχουσινσκορπίος: scorpion; its sting is painful but not normally lethal — key to vv.5–6.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivepartitive/local genitive (the earth's scorpions)γῆ: earth, land.
4

καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐταῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀδικήσουσιν τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ πᾶν χλωρὸν οὐδὲ πᾶν δένδρον, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους οἵτινες οὐκ ἔχουσι τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων.

And they were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green thing or any tree, but only the people who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads.

Commission / restrictionκαίThe locusts are inverted: forbidden the vegetation locusts naturally consume, restricted to the unsealed. The seal of 7:3–8 (ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων) protects God's servants; οὐδέ … οὐδέ … εἰ μή narrows the target to the unsealed alone. ἵνα + future ἀδικήσουσιν is a characteristic Apocalyptic mixing of subjunctive and future.
καὶandconnective
ἐρρέθηit was said / they were toldAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb (divine passive)→ constative aorist; theological passive — the command issues from Godλέγω/εἶπον: aorist passive ἐρρέθη, 'it was said'; the command restraining the plague.
αὐταῖςto themDativedative of indirect object
ἵναthatconjunction introducing object/content clauseἵνα: here introducing the content of the command (a directive ἵνα).
μὴnotnegative with ἀδικήσουσινμή: not (the prohibitive negative).
ἀδικήσουσινthey should harmFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀδικέωverb of the ἵνα-clause (future for subjunctive)→ future-with-ἵνα solecism; deliberative forceἀδικέω: to wrong, harm, injure; the chapter's verb for the locusts' assault.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with χόρτον
χόρτονgrassAccusativedirect object of ἀδικήσουσινχόρτος: grass, vegetation — the locust's normal prey, here off-limits.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with γῆς
γῆςearthGenitivepossessive genitiveγῆ: earth, land.
οὐδὲnorcorrelative negative conjunctionοὐδέ: and not, nor.
πᾶνanyAccusativeadjective with χλωρόνπᾶς: every, any.
χλωρὸνgreen thingAccusativeobject (substantival adjective)χλωρός: green, verdant (cf. 6:8); here 'any green plant.'
οὐδὲnorcorrelative negative conjunctionοὐδέ: nor.
πᾶνanyAccusativeadjective with δένδρονπᾶς: every, any.
δένδρονtreeAccusativeobject (substantival)δένδρον: tree.
εἰifpart of εἰ μή ('except')εἰ: if; with μή forms the exceptive 'except, but only.'
μὴnotpart of εἰ μή ('except')μή: not.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ἀνθρώπους
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleAccusativeobject (the permitted target)ἄνθρωπος: human being, person.
οἵτινεςwhoNominativeindefinite relative pronoun (subject of ἔχουσι)ὅστις: whoever, such as — qualitative relative defining the class.
οὐκnotnegative with ἔχουσιοὐ: not.
ἔχουσιhavePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωverb of relative clause→ present — a present state (unsealed)ἔχω: to have, possess.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with σφραγῖδα
σφραγῖδαsealAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσισφραγίς: seal, mark of ownership (cf. 7:2–8; Ezek 9:4) — God's protective brand.
τοῦofGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveθεός: God; the seal is his own.
ἐπὶonpreposition (+ gen.) of locationἐπί: upon, on.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with μετώπων
μετώπωνforeheadsGenitiveobject of ἐπίμέτωπον: forehead — the visible place of the seal (and, later, of the beast's mark, 13:16).
5

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτούς, ἀλλ’ ἵνα βασανισθήσονται μῆνας πέντε· καὶ ὁ βασανισμὸς αὐτῶν ὡς βασανισμὸς σκορπίου, ὅταν παίσῃ ἄνθρωπον.

And it was granted to them not to kill them, but that they should be tormented five months; and their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it stings a person.

Restriction of severityκαίA second restraint: torment, not death. The five months echo the locust's natural life-span (late spring to early autumn). The shift αὐτοῖς (locusts) → αὐτούς (the unsealed) is a typical pronominal switch.
καὶandconnective
ἐδόθηit was grantedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine passive)→ theological passive — permission, not autonomyδίδωμι: 'it was given/granted' — the constraint is divine.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (the locusts)
ἵναthatconjunction (content of the grant)ἵνα: introducing the limiting content.
μὴnotnegative with ἀποκτείνωσινμή: not.
ἀποκτείνωσινthey should killAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωverb of ἵνα-clause (prohibited result)→ aorist subjunctive — the forbidden outcomeἀποκτείνω: to kill, put to death.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object (the unsealed of v.4)
ἀλλ’butstrong adversativeἀλλά: but, rather — marking the permitted alternative.
ἵναthatconjunction (permitted content)ἵνα: introducing the allowed action.
βασανισθήσονταιthey should be tormentedFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · βασανίζωverb of ἵνα-clause (future for subjunctive)→ future-with-ἵνα; passive — the unsealed are the sufferersβασανίζω: to torment, torture (originally to test on a touchstone); the chapter's word for agonizing pain.
μῆναςmonthsAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeμήν: month.
πέντεfiveindeclinable numeral with μῆναςπέντε: five — the locust's natural season (cf. vv.5, 10).
καὶandconnective
theNominativearticle with βασανισμός
βασανισμὸςtormentNominativesubject (verbless equative clause)βασανισμός: torment, the experience of being tortured.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of source/possession
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
βασανισμὸςtormentNominativenominative of comparisonβασανισμός: torment (standard of comparison).
σκορπίουof a scorpionGenitivesubjective genitive (the scorpion's stinging)σκορπίος: scorpion.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (+ subjunctive)ὅταν: whenever, when.
παίσῃit stingsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παίωverb of temporal clause→ aorist subjunctive — the indefinite/general stingπαίω: to strike, sting (of a scorpion).
ἄνθρωπονa personAccusativedirect object of παίσῃἄνθρωπος: a human being.
6

καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ζητήσουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν θάνατον καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐπιθυμήσουσιν ἀποθανεῖν καὶ φεύγει ὁ θάνατος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν.

And in those days people will seek death and will not find it, and they will long to die, and death flees from them.

Consequence (the agony's depth)καίThe torment is so dreadful that men crave the death that the locusts are forbidden to give (v.5). οὐ μή + future is emphatic denial. The tense-shift to the vivid present φεύγει personifies death as fleeing its would-be embracers — an ironic reversal of Job 3:21.
καὶandconnective
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.) of timeἐν: in, during.
ταῖςthoseDativearticle with ἡμέραις
ἡμέραιςdaysDativeobject of ἐν (time-when)ἡμέρα: day.
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative with ἡμέραιςἐκεῖνος: that, those — the days of the fifth-trumpet torment.
ζητήσουσινwill seekFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ζητέωmain verb→ predictive futureζητέω: to seek, look for.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄνθρωποι
ἄνθρωποιpeopleNominativesubject of ζητήσουσινἄνθρωπος: human being; here the unsealed.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with θάνατον
θάνατονdeathAccusativedirect object of ζητήσουσινθάνατος: death — here longed for as relief.
καὶandconnective
οὐnotpart of emphatic οὐ μήοὐ: not.
μὴby no meanspart of emphatic οὐ μήμή: with οὐ forms the strongest negation, 'certainly not.'
εὑρήσουσινwill findFut Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb (emphatic negation)→ emphatic future denial — they shall surely not findεὑρίσκω: to find.
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object (= death)
καὶandconnective
ἐπιθυμήσουσινwill longFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιθυμέωmain verb→ predictive futureἐπιθυμέω: to desire earnestly, long for.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieAor Act Inf · ἀποθνῄσκωcomplementary infinitive with ἐπιθυμήσουσιν→ aorist infinitive — the act of dyingἀποθνῄσκω: to die.
καὶandconnective
φεύγειfleesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · φεύγωmain verb (vivid present)→ historic/vivid present — death personified as fleeingφεύγω: to flee, run away — an ironic personification (cf. Job 3:21; Jer 8:3).
Nominativearticle with θάνατος
θάνατοςdeathNominativesubject of φεύγειθάνατος: death.
ἀπ’frompreposition (+ gen.) of separationἀπό: from, away from.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
7

Καὶ τὰ ὁμοιώματα τῶν ἀκρίδων ὅμοια ἵπποις ἡτοιμασμένοις εἰς πόλεμον, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν ὡς στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ, καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὡς πρόσωπα ἀνθρώπων.

And the appearance of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle, and on their heads were what looked like crowns of gold, and their faces were like human faces.

Description (simile-portrait begins)καίThe grotesque composite portrait of vv.7–10 leans on Joel 2:4–5 ('like the appearance of horses they run') and piles up ὡς/ὅμοιος comparisons — the seer straining ordinary language to depict the demonic.
ΚαὶAndconnective
τὰtheNominativearticle with ὁμοιώματα
ὁμοιώματαappearance / likenessesNominativesubject (verbless clause)ὁμοίωμα: likeness, form, appearance — the visible shape of the locusts.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἀκρίδων
ἀκρίδωνlocustsGenitivepossessive genitiveἀκρίς: locust.
ὅμοιαlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dat.)ὅμοιος: like, similar to (governs the dative ἵπποις).
ἵπποιςhorsesDativedative complement of ὅμοιαἵππος: horse — warhorses (cf. Joel 2:4).
ἡτοιμασμένοιςpreparedPerf Pass Ptcp · Dat Pl Masc · ἑτοιμάζωattributive participle modifying ἵπποις→ perfect — a settled state of readinessἑτοιμάζω: to prepare, make ready; here horses 'made ready' for war.
εἰςforpreposition (+ acc.) of purposeεἰς: for, unto (purpose).
πόλεμονbattleAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλεμος: war, battle.
καὶandconnective
ἐπὶonpreposition (+ acc.) of locationἐπί: upon, on.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle with κεφαλάς
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativeobject of ἐπίκεφαλή: head.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςwhat looked likecomparative particleὡς: as, like — 'something resembling.'
στέφανοιcrownsNominativesubject (verbless) / predicate of comparisonστέφανος: victor's wreath, crown — connoting conquest/authority.
ὅμοιοιlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dat.)ὅμοιος: like (governs χρυσῷ).
χρυσῷgoldDativedative complement of ὅμοιοιχρυσός: gold; crowns 'resembling gold.'
καὶandconnective
τὰtheNominativearticle with πρόσωπα
πρόσωπαfacesNominativesubject (verbless)πρόσωπον: face.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
πρόσωπαfacesNominativenominative of comparisonπρόσωπον: face.
ἀνθρώπωνof humansGenitivepossessive genitiveἄνθρωπος: human being — the locusts have an eerie human aspect.
8

καὶ εἶχον τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν, καὶ οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτῶν ὡς λεόντων ἦσαν,

and they had hair like women's hair, and their teeth were like lions' teeth,

Description (continued)καίLong 'hair' (the locust's antennae or the cavalry's flowing manes) and lions' teeth — the latter straight from Joel 1:6 ('its teeth are lions' teeth') — heighten the menace.
καὶandconnective
εἶχονthey hadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ descriptive imperfect — ongoing visionary stateἔχω: to have.
τρίχαςhairAccusativedirect object of εἶχονθρίξ: hair; perhaps the locust's antennae or long manes.
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
τρίχαςhairAccusativeaccusative of comparisonθρίξ: hair.
γυναικῶνof womenGenitivepossessive genitiveγυνή: woman.
καὶandconnective
οἱtheNominativearticle with ὀδόντες
ὀδόντεςteethNominativesubject of ἦσανὀδούς: tooth.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
λεόντωνof lionsGenitivegenitive of comparison (lions' teeth)λέων: lion (cf. Joel 1:6).
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: to be.
9

καὶ εἶχον θώρακας ὡς θώρακας σιδηροῦς, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν ὡς φωνὴ ἁρμάτων ἵππων πολλῶν τρεχόντων εἰς πόλεμον.

and they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots of many horses rushing into battle.

Description (continued)καίIron breastplates make them invulnerable; the wing-roar 'like chariots rushing to war' is Joel 2:5 verbatim in sense — the terrifying din of an onrushing army.
καὶandconnective
εἶχονthey hadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ descriptive imperfectἔχω: to have.
θώρακαςbreastplatesAccusativedirect object of εἶχονθώραξ: breastplate, cuirass — armor protecting the chest.
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
θώρακαςbreastplatesAccusativeaccusative of comparisonθώραξ: breastplate.
σιδηροῦςof ironAccusativeattributive adjective with θώρακαςσιδηροῦς: iron, made of iron — connoting invulnerability.
καὶandconnective
theNominativearticle with φωνή
φωνὴsoundNominativesubject (verbless clause)φωνή: sound, voice, noise.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with πτερύγων
πτερύγωνwingsGenitivesubjective genitive (the wings' sound)πτέρυξ: wing.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
φωνὴsoundNominativenominative of comparisonφωνή: sound.
ἁρμάτωνof chariotsGenitivegenitive of sourceἅρμα: chariot.
ἵππωνof horsesGenitivegenitive (the horses drawing the chariots)ἵππος: horse.
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveattributive adjective with ἵππωνπολύς: many.
τρεχόντωνrushingPres Act Ptcp · Gen Pl Masc · τρέχωattributive participle modifying ἵππων→ present — ongoing onrushτρέχω: to run, rush (cf. Joel 2:5).
εἰςintopreposition (+ acc.) of goalεἰς: into, unto.
πόλεμονbattleAccusativeobject of εἰςπόλεμος: war, battle.
10

καὶ ἔχουσιν οὐρὰς ὁμοίας σκορπίοις καὶ κέντρα, καὶ ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε.

And they have tails like scorpions, and stings; and in their tails is their power to harm people for five months.

Description (the sting)καίThe portrait returns to the scorpion-tail of v.3, locating the locusts' ἐξουσία there; the five-month limit of v.5 recurs as an inclusio closing the description. The present-tense ἔχουσιν marks the abiding feature.
καὶandconnective
ἔχουσινthey havePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ present — abiding characteristicἔχω: to have.
οὐρὰςtailsAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσινοὐρά: tail.
ὁμοίαςlikeAccusativeadjective (+ dat.) modifying οὐράςὅμοιος: like, similar to (governs σκορπίοις).
σκορπίοιςscorpionsDativedative complement of ὁμοίαςσκορπίος: scorpion.
καὶandconnective
κέντραstingsAccusativesecond object of ἔχουσινκέντρον: sting, goad (cf. 1 Cor 15:55–56).
καὶandconnective
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.) of locationἐν: in.
ταῖςtheDativearticle with οὐραῖς
οὐραῖςtailsDativeobject of ἐνοὐρά: tail (the seat of their power).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
theNominativearticle with ἐξουσία
ἐξουσίαpowerNominativesubject (verbless clause)ἐξουσία: authority, power (to harm).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἀδικῆσαιto harmAor Act Inf · ἀδικέωepexegetic infinitive defining ἐξουσία→ aorist infinitive — the act of harmingἀδικέω: to harm, injure.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ἀνθρώπους
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleAccusativedirect object of ἀδικῆσαιἄνθρωπος: human being.
μῆναςmonthsAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeμήν: month.
πέντεfiveindeclinable numeral with μῆναςπέντε: five (the limited season, cf. v.5).
11

ἔχουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτῶν βασιλέα τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς ἀβύσσου· ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστὶ Ἀβαδδών, καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑλληνικῇ ὄνομα ἔχει Ἀπολλύων.

They have over them as king the angel of the abyss; his name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek he has the name Apollyon.

Climax of the locust-portrait (asyndeton)asyndetonOrdinary locusts have 'no king' (Prov 30:27); these do — the angel of the abyss. The bilingual naming (Hebrew Abaddon = 'Destruction,' Job 26:6 etc.; Greek Apollyon = 'Destroyer') brands him as the personification of ruin, perhaps a pointed jab at Apollo, whose emblem was the locust. Asyndeton sets the climactic identification apart.
ἔχουσινthey havePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ present — abiding factἔχω: to have.
ἐπ’overpreposition (+ gen.) of ruleἐπί: over, upon — here of authority 'over' them.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐπί
βασιλέαkingAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσινβασιλεύς: king (contrast Prov 30:27, where locusts have none).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ἄγγελον (apposition)
ἄγγελονangelAccusativeaccusative in apposition to βασιλέαἄγγελος: angel — here a malevolent power, the angel of the abyss.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle with ἀβύσσου
ἀβύσσουabyssGenitivepossessive/local genitiveἄβυσσος: the bottomless deep (cf. v.1).
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (verbless: 'a name to him')ὄνομα: name.
αὐτῷto him / hisDativedative of possession
Ἑβραϊστὶin Hebrewadverb of mannerἙβραϊστί: in Hebrew/Aramaic.
ἈβαδδώνAbaddonindeclinable proper noun (predicate)Ἀβαδδών: transliterated Hebrew אֲבַדּוֹן, 'Destruction / Place of ruin' (Job 26:6; 28:22; Ps 88:11), here personified.
καὶandconnective
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.)ἐν: in.
τῇtheDativearticle with Ἑλληνικῇ
ἙλληνικῇGreek (tongue)Dativeobject of ἐν (sc. γλώσσῃ)Ἑλληνικός: Greek; 'in the Greek (language).'
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἔχειὄνομα: name.
ἔχειhe hasPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb→ presentἔχω: to have.
ἈπολλύωνApollyonNominativenominative in apposition (the name)Ἀπολλύων: 'Destroyer,' present participle of ἀπόλλυμι used as a name; a Greek equivalent of Abaddon, perhaps glancing at Apollo.
12

Ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ μία ἀπῆλθεν· ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται ἔτι δύο οὐαὶ μετὰ ταῦτα.

The first Woe has passed; behold, two Woes are still coming after these things.

Narratorial hinge (Woe-formula)asyndetonThe eagle of 8:13 cried three Woes over the last three trumpets; the first (the fifth trumpet) now ends. ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ μία treats the interjection οὐαί as a feminine noun ('the one Woe'); the singular ἔρχεται with plural δύο οὐαί is construction ad sensum — both classic Apocalyptic solecisms.
TheNominativearticle (fem.) treating οὐαί as a noun
οὐαὶWoeindeclinable interjection used as fem. nounοὐαί: woe! — here substantivized, 'the Woe' (one of the three of 8:13).
theNominativearticle with μία (attributive)
μίαfirst / oneNominativeordinal/cardinal adjective ('the first')εἷς/μία: one; here used as ordinal 'first' (Semitic idiom).
ἀπῆλθενhas passedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aorist — the Woe is overἀπέρχομαι: to go away, depart; here 'has passed.'
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker (frozen imperative)ἰδού: behold! — the demonstrative particle alerting to what follows.
ἔρχεταιare comingPres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (sing. with plural subject — ad sensum)→ futuristic present — imminent arrivalἔρχομαι: to come; singular verb with δύο οὐαί, a constructio ad sensum.
ἔτιstilladverb of timeἔτι: still, yet.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral with οὐαίδύο: two.
οὐαὶWoesindeclinable interjection-as-noun (subject)οὐαί: woe (substantivized, plural in sense).
μετὰafterpreposition (+ acc.) of timeμετά: after.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετάοὗτος: this; neuter plural 'these things.'
13

Καὶ ὁ ἕκτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἤκουσα φωνὴν μίαν ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ χρυσοῦ τοῦ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ,

And the sixth angel sounded his trumpet; and I heard a single voice from the four horns of the golden altar that is before God,

Trumpet sequence (6th)καίThe sixth trumpet opens the second Woe. The voice comes 'from the four horns of the golden altar' — the altar of incense (8:3), under which the martyrs cried 'how long?' (6:9–10); the command to release the angels answers that cry, the plague flowing from the prayers of the saints.
ΚαὶAndconnective
theNominativearticle with ἕκτος ἄγγελος
ἕκτοςsixthNominativeordinal adjectiveἕκτος: sixth.
ἄγγελοςangelNominativesubject of ἐσάλπισενἄγγελος: angel (trumpet-angel).
ἐσάλπισενsounded the trumpetAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σαλπίζωmain verb→ constative aoristσαλπίζω: to sound a trumpet.
καὶandconnective
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (vision formula)→ constative aorist — the seer's reportἀκούω: to hear; 'and I heard' parallels 'and I saw.'
φωνὴνa voiceAccusativedirect object of ἤκουσαφωνή: voice, sound.
μίανsingle / oneAccusativenumeral adjective with φωνήνεἷς/μία: one, a single — perhaps 'a certain voice.'
ἐκfrompreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: from, out of.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with κεράτων
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivenumeral adjective with κεράτωντέσσαρες: four (some witnesses omit; printed here).
κεράτωνhornsGenitiveobject of ἐκκέρας: horn — the projections at the altar's corners (Exod 30:1–3).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with θυσιαστηρίου
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivepossessive genitiveθυσιαστήριον: altar — here the golden altar of incense (8:3; cf. 6:9).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with χρυσοῦ
χρυσοῦgoldenGenitiveattributive adjective with θυσιαστηρίουχρυσοῦς: golden, of gold.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle governing the ἐνώπιον phrase (attributive)
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition (+ gen.)ἐνώπιον: before, in the presence of.
τοῦGenitivearticle with θεοῦ
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονθεός: God — the altar stands in his presence.
14

λέγοντα τῷ ἕκτῳ ἀγγέλῳ, ὁ ἔχων τὴν σάλπιγγα· Λῦσον τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους τοὺς δεδεμένους ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ μεγάλῳ Εὐφράτῃ.

saying to the sixth angel, the one who had the trumpet, "Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates."

Content of the voice (command)asyndetonThe participle λέγοντα is masc./neut. accusative agreeing loosely with φωνήν (a solecism — φωνή is feminine), a notorious Apocalyptic concord. ὁ ἔχων (nominative for vocative/apposition) is another. The four angels bound at the Euphrates evoke the eastern frontier from which invasion and judgment historically came (Assyria, Babylon, Parthia).
λέγονταsayingPres Act Ptcp · Acc Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple modifying φωνήν (concord ad sensum)→ present — the ongoing utteranceλέγω: to say; masc. participle with fem. φωνήν is a deliberate solecism.
τῷto theDativearticle with ἀγγέλῳ
ἕκτῳsixthDativeordinal adjective with ἀγγέλῳἕκτος: sixth.
ἀγγέλῳangelDativedative of indirect object (addressee)ἄγγελος: angel.
the oneNominativearticle (nominative) in apposition to ἀγγέλῳ
ἔχωνwho hadPres Act Ptcp · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωsubstantival participle in apposition (nom. for dat. — solecism)→ present — possessing the trumpetἔχω: to have; the nominative ὁ ἔχων for an expected dative is a hallmark Apocalyptic irregularity.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle with σάλπιγγα
σάλπιγγαtrumpetAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνσάλπιγξ: trumpet.
ΛῦσονReleaseAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λύωimperative (the command)→ aorist imperative — a single decisive actλύω: to loose, set free, release.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ἀγγέλους
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral adjective with ἀγγέλουςτέσσαρες: four.
ἀγγέλουςangelsAccusativedirect object of Λῦσονἄγγελος: angel — here evil angels held captive.
τοὺςthe (who)Accusativearticle introducing attributive participle
δεδεμένουςboundPerf Pass Ptcp · Acc Pl Masc · δέωattributive participle modifying ἀγγέλους→ perfect — a state of being bound (and now to be undone)δέω: to bind; the perfect marks their long-standing captivity.
ἐπὶatpreposition (+ dat.) of placeἐπί: at, on, by.
τῷtheDativearticle with ποταμῷ
ποταμῷriverDativeobject of ἐπίποταμός: river.
τῷtheDativearticle with μεγάλῳ
μεγάλῳgreatDativeattributive adjective with ποταμῷμέγας: great.
ΕὐφράτῃEuphratesDativedative in apposition to ποταμῷΕὐφράτης: the Euphrates, the empire's eastern boundary and frontier of dreaded invasion (cf. 16:12).
15

καὶ ἐλύθησαν οἱ τέσσαρες ἄγγελοι οἱ ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς τὴν ὥραν καὶ ἡμέραν καὶ μῆνα καὶ ἐνιαυτόν, ἵνα ἀποκτείνωσιν τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

And the four angels who had been prepared for the hour and day and month and year were released, to kill a third of mankind.

Execution of the commandκαίThe single article οἱ governs the fourfold time-phrase (hour, day, month, year), stressing one exact, foreordained moment. The plague's mandate — to kill a third of mankind — escalates from the torment of the fifth trumpet (which could not kill, v.5) to lethal judgment.
καὶandconnective
ἐλύθησανwere releasedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · λύωmain verb (passive)→ constative aorist; passive — loosed in answer to the commandλύω: to loose, release.
οἱtheNominativearticle with ἄγγελοι
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral adjective with ἄγγελοιτέσσαρες: four.
ἄγγελοιangelsNominativesubject of ἐλύθησανἄγγελος: angel.
οἱthe (who)Nominativearticle introducing attributive participle
ἡτοιμασμένοιhad been preparedPerf Pass Ptcp · Nom Pl Masc · ἑτοιμάζωattributive participle modifying ἄγγελοι→ perfect — a standing state of readiness (divinely prepared)ἑτοιμάζω: to prepare; the angels were held ready for this hour.
εἰςforpreposition (+ acc.) of purpose/timeεἰς: for, unto.
τὴνtheAccusativesingle article governing the fourfold time-phrase
ὥρανhourAccusativeobject of εἰςὥρα: hour — the precise appointed time.
καὶandconnective
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeobject of εἰςἡμέρα: day.
καὶandconnective
μῆναmonthAccusativeobject of εἰςμήν: month.
καὶandconnective
ἐνιαυτόνyearAccusativeobject of εἰςἐνιαυτός: year.
ἵναto / so thatconjunction of purposeἵνα: in order that.
ἀποκτείνωσινthey might killAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωverb of purpose clause→ aorist subjunctive — the intended slaughterἀποκτείνω: to kill.
τὸtheAccusativearticle with τρίτον
τρίτονthirdAccusativedirect object (substantival fraction)τρίτος: third; the recurring fractional judgment of the trumpets (8:7–12).
τῶνofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνmankindGenitivepartitive genitiveἄνθρωπος: human being, mankind.
16

καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν στρατευμάτων τοῦ ἱππικοῦ δισμυριάδες μυριάδων· ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν.

And the number of the cavalry troops was twice ten thousand times ten thousand; I heard their number.

Statement (the army's number)καίδισμυριάδες μυριάδων = two myriads of myriads = 2 × 10,000 × 10,000 = 200,000,000 — a symbolic, uncountable horde rather than a census figure (cf. Ps 68:17; Dan 7:10). 'I heard their number' echoes 7:4, where the sealed were likewise heard.
καὶandconnective
theNominativearticle with ἀριθμός
ἀριθμὸςnumberNominativesubject (verbless clause)ἀριθμός: number, count.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with στρατευμάτων
στρατευμάτωνtroops / armiesGenitivepartitive/possessive genitiveστράτευμα: army, troops, host.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle with ἱππικοῦ
ἱππικοῦcavalryGenitiveepexegetic genitive (the troops 'of the cavalry')ἱππικόν: cavalry, mounted force (substantival adjective).
δισμυριάδεςtwice ten thousandNominativepredicate nominative (the count)δισμυριάς: a double myriad, 20,000; here in the plural with μυριάδων.
μυριάδωνof ten thousandsGenitivemultiplicative genitive ('myriads of myriads')μυριάς: myriad, ten thousand; the doubled figure = two hundred million, a symbolic uncountable host.
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (asyndeton)→ constative aorist — the seer's reportἀκούω: to hear (cf. 7:4, the number of the sealed 'heard').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle with ἀριθμόν
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativedirect object of ἤκουσαἀριθμός: number.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
17

καὶ οὕτως εἶδον τοὺς ἵππους ἐν τῇ ὁράσει καὶ τοὺς καθημένους ἐπ’ αὐτῶν, ἔχοντας θώρακας πυρίνους καὶ ὑακινθίνους καὶ θειώδεις· καὶ αἱ κεφαλαὶ τῶν ἵππων ὡς κεφαλαὶ λεόντων, καὶ ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν ἐκπορεύεται πῦρ καὶ καπνὸς καὶ θεῖον.

And this is how I saw the horses in the vision, and those seated on them: they had breastplates fiery red and dark blue and sulfur-yellow; and the heads of the horses were like lions' heads, and out of their mouths came fire and smoke and sulfur.

Description (the cavalry)καίοὕτως ('thus') introduces the vision proper. The breastplates' three colors match the three plagues that issue from the horses' mouths — fiery (πῦρ), hyacinth-blue/smoke (καπνός), sulfurous (θεῖον). Lion-heads and the fire-smoke-sulfur triad mark these horses as infernal, hell's own weaponry (cf. 14:10; Gen 19:24).
καὶandconnective
οὕτωςthus / this is howadverb of mannerοὕτως: thus, in this way — introducing the visionary description.
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (vision formula)→ constative aoristὁράω: to see.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle with ἵππους
ἵππουςhorsesAccusativedirect object of εἶδονἵππος: horse.
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.)ἐν: in.
τῇtheDativearticle with ὁράσει
ὁράσειvisionDativeobject of ἐνὅρασις: vision, sight — 'in the vision' (the mode of seeing).
καὶandconnective
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle with καθημένους
καθημένουςseated / ridersPres Mid/Dep Ptcp · Acc Pl Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle (second object of εἶδον)→ present — the riders sitting on the horsesκάθημαι: to sit; here 'those sitting on them,' the cavalry riders.
ἐπ’onpreposition (+ gen.) of locationἐπί: on, upon.
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἐπί
ἔχονταςhavingPres Act Ptcp · Acc Pl Masc · ἔχωattributive participle modifying riders/horses→ present — possessing the breastplatesἔχω: to have.
θώρακαςbreastplatesAccusativedirect object of ἔχονταςθώραξ: breastplate.
πυρίνουςfiery redAccusativeattributive adjective with θώρακαςπύρινος: fiery, fire-red (matching the πῦρ of v.17b).
καὶandconnective
ὑακινθίνουςdark blueAccusativeattributive adjective with θώρακαςὑακίνθινος: hyacinth-colored, dark blue/smoky (matching καπνός).
καὶandconnective
θειώδειςsulfur-yellowAccusativeattributive adjective with θώρακαςθειώδης: sulfurous, brimstone-yellow (matching θεῖον).
καὶandconnective
αἱtheNominativearticle with κεφαλαί
κεφαλαὶheadsNominativesubject (verbless clause)κεφαλή: head.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἵππων
ἵππωνhorsesGenitivepossessive genitiveἵππος: horse.
ὡςlikecomparative particleὡς: as, like.
κεφαλαὶheadsNominativenominative of comparisonκεφαλή: head.
λεόντωνof lionsGenitivegenitive of comparisonλέων: lion.
καὶandconnective
ἐκout ofpreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: out of.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with στομάτων
στομάτωνmouthsGenitiveobject of ἐκστόμα: mouth.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐκπορεύεταιcame out / proceedsPres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπορεύομαιmain verb (sing. with compound subject)→ vivid present — the issuing of the plaguesἐκπορεύομαι: to go out, proceed.
πῦρfireNominativesubject of ἐκπορεύεταιπῦρ: fire.
καὶandconnective
καπνὸςsmokeNominativesecond subject of ἐκπορεύεταικαπνός: smoke.
καὶandconnective
θεῖονsulfurNominativethird subject of ἐκπορεύεταιθεῖον: brimstone, sulfur (cf. Gen 19:24; Rev 14:10; 21:8).
18

ἀπὸ τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν τούτων ἀπεκτάνθησαν τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ καπνοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν.

By these three plagues a third of mankind was killed, by the fire and the smoke and the sulfur coming out of their mouths.

Result (the slaughter)asyndetonThe mandate of v.15 is fulfilled: a third of mankind killed. 'These three plagues' (fire, smoke, sulfur) are named as the agents; the asyndeton presses the result home. ἀπεκτάνθησαν (3 pl.) with neuter τὸ τρίτον is concord ad sensum.
ἀπὸbypreposition (+ gen.) of agency/causeἀπό: from, by (causal here).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with πληγῶν
τριῶνthreeGenitivenumeral adjective with πληγῶντρεῖς: three.
πληγῶνplaguesGenitiveobject of ἀπόπληγή: plague, blow, wound.
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative with πληγῶνοὗτος: this, these.
ἀπεκτάνθησανwas killedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (pl. with neuter τὸ τρίτον — ad sensum)→ constative aorist; passiveἀποκτείνω: to kill.
τὸtheNominativearticle with τρίτον
τρίτονthirdNominativesubject (substantival fraction)τρίτος: third.
τῶνofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνmankindGenitivepartitive genitiveἄνθρωπος: human being, mankind.
ἐκbypreposition (+ gen.) of cause/meansἐκ: by means of, from (causal).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with πυρός
πυρὸςfireGenitiveobject of ἐκπῦρ: fire.
καὶandconnective
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with καπνοῦ
καπνοῦsmokeGenitiveobject of ἐκκαπνός: smoke.
καὶandconnective
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with θείου
θείουsulfurGenitiveobject of ἐκθεῖον: brimstone, sulfur.
τοῦthe (which)Genitivearticle introducing attributive participle
ἐκπορευομένουcoming outPres Mid/Dep Ptcp · Gen Sg Neut · ἐκπορεύομαιattributive participle modifying the triad→ present — continually issuing forthἐκπορεύομαι: to come out, proceed.
ἐκout ofpreposition (+ gen.) of sourceἐκ: out of.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with στομάτων
στομάτωνmouthsGenitiveobject of ἐκστόμα: mouth.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
19

ἡ γὰρ ἐξουσία τῶν ἵππων ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν καὶ ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν· αἱ γὰρ οὐραὶ αὐτῶν ὅμοιαι ὄφεσιν, ἔχουσαι κεφαλάς, καὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ἀδικοῦσιν.

For the power of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails are like serpents, having heads, and with them they do harm.

Explanation (the locus of their power)γάργάρ explains how the horses kill: power resides in mouth (the fire-plagues) and in serpent-like, head-bearing tails. The doubly placed power recalls the scorpion-tailed locusts of vv.5, 10; the serpent-tails add a satanic resonance (the ὄφις of 12:9).
theNominativearticle with ἐξουσία
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (postpositive)γάρ: for — introducing the ground.
ἐξουσίαpowerNominativesubject of ἐστινἐξουσία: authority, power.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with ἵππων
ἵππωνhorsesGenitivepossessive genitiveἵππος: horse.
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.) of locationἐν: in.
τῷtheDativearticle with στόματι
στόματιmouthDativeobject of ἐνστόμα: mouth.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ present — a standing factεἰμί: to be.
καὶandconnective
ἐνinpreposition (+ dat.) of locationἐν: in.
ταῖςtheDativearticle with οὐραῖς
οὐραῖςtailsDativeobject of ἐνοὐρά: tail.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
αἱtheNominativearticle with οὐραί
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (postpositive)γάρ: for.
οὐραὶtailsNominativesubject (verbless clause)οὐρά: tail.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὅμοιαιlikeNominativepredicate adjective (+ dat.)ὅμοιος: like, similar to (governs ὄφεσιν).
ὄφεσινserpentsDativedative complement of ὅμοιαιὄφις: serpent, snake (cf. the ancient serpent, 12:9).
ἔχουσαιhavingPres Act Ptcp · Nom Pl Fem · ἔχωattributive participle modifying οὐραί→ present — possessing headsἔχω: to have.
κεφαλάςheadsAccusativedirect object of ἔχουσαικεφαλή: head — the tails are themselves snake-headed and so can bite.
καὶandconnective
ἐνwithpreposition (+ dat.) of meansἐν: with, by means of.
αὐταῖςthemDativeobject of ἐν (= the tails)
ἀδικοῦσινthey do harmPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀδικέωmain verb→ present — their ongoing injuringἀδικέω: to harm, injure (the chapter's verb of assault, vv.4, 10, 19).
20

καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οἳ οὐκ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς ταύταις, οὐδὲ μετενόησαν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν, ἵνα μὴ προσκυνήσουσιν τὰ δαιμόνια καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ χρυσᾶ καὶ τὰ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ τὰ χαλκᾶ καὶ τὰ λίθινα καὶ τὰ ξύλινα, ἃ οὔτε βλέπειν δύνανται οὔτε ἀκούειν οὔτε περιπατεῖν,

And the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not even repent of the works of their hands, so as to stop worshiping the demons and the idols of gold and silver and bronze and stone and wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk;

Response of survivors (impenitence)καίThe plagues do not convert: the survivors do not repent. The idol-list (gold, silver, bronze, stone, wood) and the 'cannot see/hear/walk' polemic echo Ps 115:4–7; 135:15–17; Dan 5:23 — the classic mockery of dead idols whose worship is in fact demon-worship (cf. 1 Cor 10:20). ἵνα μή + future προσκυνήσουσιν is the Apocalyptic ἵνα-with-future solecism.
καὶandconnective
οἱtheNominativearticle with λοιποί
λοιποὶrestNominativesubject (substantival adjective)λοιπός: remaining, rest — the survivors.
τῶνofGenitivearticle with ἀνθρώπων
ἀνθρώπωνmankindGenitivepartitive genitiveἄνθρωπος: human being, mankind.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἀπεκτάνθησαν)ὅς: who, which.
οὐκnotnegative with ἀπεκτάνθησανοὐ: not.
ἀπεκτάνθησανwere killedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist; passiveἀποκτείνω: to kill.
ἐνbypreposition (+ dat.) of meansἐν: by, with (instrumental).
ταῖςtheseDativearticle with πληγαῖς
πληγαῖςplaguesDativeobject of ἐνπληγή: plague, blow.
ταύταιςtheseDativedemonstrative with πληγαῖςοὗτος: this, these.
οὐδὲdid not evennegative adverb/conjunctionοὐδέ: not even, nor.
μετενόησανrepentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · μετανοέωmain verb→ constative aorist — the failure to repentμετανοέω: to repent, change one's mind; the refrain of impenitence (vv.20–21; cf. 16:9, 11).
ἐκof / frompreposition (+ gen.) of separationἐκ: from — 'repent from' (turn away from).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with ἔργων
ἔργωνworksGenitiveobject of ἐκἔργον: work, deed — here their handmade idols.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle with χειρῶν
χειρῶνhandsGenitivesubjective genitive (works their hands made)χείρ: hand (cf. 'work of human hands,' Ps 115:4).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ἵναso asconjunction of result/purposeἵνα: so that — here the consequence they failed to reach.
μὴnotnegative with προσκυνήσουσινμή: not.
προσκυνήσουσινthey would worshipFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωverb of ἵνα-clause (future for subjunctive)→ future-with-ἵνα solecismπροσκυνέω: to worship, bow down before.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with δαιμόνια
δαιμόνιαdemonsAccusativedirect object of προσκυνήσουσινδαιμόνιον: demon, evil spirit — idolatry unmasked as demon-worship (1 Cor 10:20).
καὶandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle with εἴδωλα
εἴδωλαidolsAccusativesecond object of προσκυνήσουσινεἴδωλον: idol, image.
τὰtheAccusativearticle with χρυσᾶ
χρυσᾶof goldAccusativeattributive adjective with εἴδωλαχρυσοῦς: golden.
καὶandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ἀργυρᾶ
ἀργυρᾶof silverAccusativeattributive adjectiveἀργυροῦς: of silver.
καὶandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle with χαλκᾶ
χαλκᾶof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjectiveχαλκοῦς: of bronze, copper.
καὶandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle with λίθινα
λίθιναof stoneAccusativeattributive adjectiveλίθινος: of stone.
καὶandconnective
τὰtheAccusativearticle with ξύλινα
ξύλιναof woodAccusativeattributive adjectiveξύλινος: of wood, wooden.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of δύνανται)ὅς: which.
οὔτεneithercorrelative negativeοὔτε: neither, nor.
βλέπεινto seePres Act Inf · βλέπωcomplementary infinitive with δύνανται→ present infinitiveβλέπω: to see (Ps 115:5).
δύνανταιare ablePres Mid/Dep Indic 3 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb of relative clause→ present — their abiding impotenceδύναμαι: to be able, can.
οὔτεnorcorrelative negativeοὔτε: nor.
ἀκούεινto hearPres Act Inf · ἀκούωcomplementary infinitive with δύνανται→ present infinitiveἀκούω: to hear (Ps 115:6).
οὔτεnorcorrelative negativeοὔτε: nor.
περιπατεῖνto walkPres Act Inf · περιπατέωcomplementary infinitive with δύνανται→ present infinitiveπεριπατέω: to walk (Ps 115:7).
21

καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν ἐκ τῶν φόνων αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῶν φαρμάκων αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῶν οὔτε ἐκ τῶν κλεμμάτων αὐτῶν.

and they did not repent of their murders or their sorceries or their sexual immorality or their thefts.

Impenitence (vice-list)καίThe second 'they did not repent' lists the ethical crimes paired with the idolatry of v.20: murders, sorceries (φάρμακα, drug-magic), sexual immorality, thefts — the horizontal commandments breached. The chapter closes on hardened impenitence, setting up the further judgments to come.
καὶandconnective
οὐnotnegative with μετενόησανοὐ: not.
μετενόησανthey repentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · μετανοέωmain verb→ constative aorist — the persistent refusalμετανοέω: to repent (the closing refrain, cf. v.20).
ἐκofpreposition (+ gen.) of separationἐκ: from — 'repent from.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with φόνων
φόνωνmurdersGenitiveobject of ἐκφόνος: murder, killing.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
οὔτεnorcorrelative negativeοὔτε: nor.
ἐκofpreposition (+ gen.) of separationἐκ: from.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with φαρμάκων
φαρμάκωνsorceriesGenitiveobject of ἐκφάρμακον: magic potion, sorcery, drug — occult practice (cf. 18:23; Gal 5:20).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
οὔτεnorcorrelative negativeοὔτε: nor.
ἐκofpreposition (+ gen.) of separationἐκ: from.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle with πορνείας
πορνείαςsexual immoralityGenitiveobject of ἐκπορνεία: sexual immorality, fornication (often paired with idolatry in Revelation).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
οὔτεnorcorrelative negativeοὔτε: nor.
ἐκofpreposition (+ gen.) of separationἐκ: from.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle with κλεμμάτων
κλεμμάτωνtheftsGenitiveobject of ἐκκλέμμα: theft, stolen thing.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive