Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Gospel according to Luke, Chapter 4ΚΑΤΑ ΛΟΥΚΑΝ Δ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Ἰησοῦς δὲ πλήρης πνεύματος ἁγίου ὑπέστρεψεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου καὶ ἤγετο ἐν τῷ πνεύματι ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ

And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness

Scene-settingδέThe temptation narrative opens by tying Jesus' Spirit-fullness (from the baptism) to his being led in the wilderness — the Spirit, not Satan, has the initiative.
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: the name; Luke keeps him the grammatical and theological subject throughout the testing.
δὲand/nowcontinuative conjunction
πλήρηςfullNominativepredicate adjective (of Ἰησοῦς)πλήρης: 'full'; Lukan keyword for Spirit-endowment (cf. Acts 6:3) — Jesus enters the contest already filled.
πνεύματοςof SpiritGenitivegenitive of contentπνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the Holy Spirit who descended at the baptism (3:22).
ἁγίουHolyGenitiveattributive adjectiveἅγιος: 'holy'; qualifies the Spirit.
ὑπέστρεψενreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristὑποστρέφω: 'turn back, return'; a favorite Lukan verb (some 30×).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἸορδάνουJordanGenitiveobject of ἀπό (place of departure)Ἰορδάνης: the Jordan river, site of the baptism.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤγετοwas ledImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)ἄγω: 'lead'; the imperfect depicts the continuous leading over the forty days — Luke's 'led' is gentler than Mark's 'driven' (ἐκβάλλει).
ἐνbypreposition + dative (agency/means)
τῷtheDativearticle
πνεύματιSpiritDativedat. of agency (the leading Spirit)πνεῦμα: the Holy Spirit as the agent of the leading.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedat. of place (sphere)ἔρημος: 'desert, wilderness'; the place of testing recalls Israel's forty years (Deut 8).
2

ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου. καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, καὶ συντελεσθεισῶν αὐτῶν ἐπείνασεν.

forty days, being tempted by the devil. And he ate nothing in those days, and when they were ended he was hungry.

CircumstanceasyndetonThe forty-day fast and tempting frame the episode; the closing 'he was hungry' sets up the first temptation.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative measures the duration.
τεσσεράκονταfortyAccusativecardinal numeral (indeclinable, agreeing acc.)τεσσεράκοντα: 'forty'; the number of Israel's wilderness years and Moses'/Elijah's fasts.
πειραζόμενοςbeing temptedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πειράζωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ present (durative)πειράζω: 'test, tempt'; the present marks a testing that runs throughout the forty days, not only at their end.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agency)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
διαβόλουdevilGenitivegenitive of agencyδιάβολος: 'slanderer, accuser'; the LXX rendering of Hebrew śāṭān — the personal tempter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐκnotnegative particle
ἔφαγενhe ateAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb→ constative aoristἐσθίω: 'eat'; the total fast (οὐκ ... οὐδέν, double negative).
οὐδὲνnothingAccusativedirect object (emphatic double negative)οὐδείς: 'no one, nothing'; reinforces οὐκ — 'absolutely nothing.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedat. of time (within which)
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative adjective
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συντελεσθεισῶνhaving been endedAor Pass Ptc · Gen Pl Fem · συντελέωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ constative aoristσυντελέω: 'complete, finish'; genitive absolute with αὐτῶν — 'when [the days] were completed.'
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of gen. absolute
ἐπείνασενhe was hungryAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πεινάωmain verb→ ingressive aoristπεινάω: 'hunger'; the ingressive aorist — 'he became hungry,' the hook for the first temptation.
3

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος· Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ τῷ λίθῳ τούτῳ ἵνα γένηται ἄρτος.

And the devil said to him, "If you are the Son of God, tell this stone to become bread."

First temptationδέThe first test: a first-class condition ('since/if you are the Son') probing the baptismal voice — exploit divine sonship to satisfy hunger.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω/εἶπον: 'say'; introduces the devil's speech.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
διάβολοςdevilNominativesubjectδιάβολος: 'the devil'; the speaker.
Εἰifconjunction (first-class condition)εἰ: 'if'; with the indicative εἶ it assumes the premise for argument's sake — 'if, as is so.'
υἱὸςSonNominativepredicate nominativeυἱός: 'Son'; the devil echoes the heavenly voice of 3:22.
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula, protasis)→ stative present
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of relationshipθεός: God; 'Son of God' is the contested title throughout.
εἰπὲtellAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (apodosis, imperative)→ aorist imperative (specific command)λέγω: here a command to the stone — a creative word.
τῷtheDativearticle
λίθῳstoneDativedat. (addressee of εἰπέ)λίθος: 'stone'; Luke's singular (Matthew has 'stones').
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective
ἵναthatconjunction (content/result clause)
γένηταιit becomeAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ aorist subjunctiveγίνομαι: 'become'; the transformation demanded.
ἄρτοςbreadNominativepredicate nominative (of γένηται)ἄρτος: 'bread, loaf'.
4

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Γέγραπται ὅτι Οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος.

And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone.'"

Answer (Scripture)καίJesus answers from Deut 8:3, where Israel's wilderness hunger taught dependence on God's word — the perfect 'it is written' wields the abiding authority of Scripture.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass(Dep) Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, reply'; deponent.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
Γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (citation formula)→ intensive perfect (standing authority)γράφω: 'write'; the perfect 'it stands written' — Scripture's permanent, binding force.
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative ὅτι)ὅτι: introduces the quotation (untranslated, like quotation marks).
Οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐπ’on/bypreposition + dative (basis)ἐπί: here 'on the basis of' — what life rests upon.
ἄρτῳbreadDativeobject of ἐπίἄρτος: 'bread'; from Deut 8:3 LXX.
μόνῳaloneDativeattributive adjectiveμόνος: 'only, alone'.
ζήσεταιshall liveFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (citation)→ gnomic/predictive futureζάω: 'live'; the future of the LXX text, here a general truth.
theNominativearticle
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; generic — humankind lives by more than bread.
5

Καὶ ἀναγαγὼν αὐτὸν ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου·

And leading him up, he showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time;

Second temptationκαίThe second test (Matthew's third): a visionary sweep of world-empire 'in a moment of time' — the offer of universal rule apart from the cross.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναγαγὼνleading upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνάγωadverbial participle (temporal/means)→ constative aoristἀνάγω: 'lead up'; Luke omits Matthew's 'high mountain,' leaving the elevation vague.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of ἀναγαγών
ἔδειξενshowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb→ constative aoristδείκνυμι: 'show, display'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείαςkingdomsAccusativedirect objectβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; here the world's political dominions.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
οἰκουμένηςinhabited worldGenitivepartitive/possessive genitiveοἰκουμένη: 'the inhabited earth' (Roman imperial term); a Lukan word (cf. 2:1).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
στιγμῇmomentDativedat. of timeστιγμή: 'instant, point' (lit. a prick/dot); NT hapax — an instantaneous vision.
χρόνουof timeGenitiveepexegetic/partitive genitiveχρόνος: 'time'; 'a moment of time' = in a flash.
6

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ διάβολος· Σοὶ δώσω τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἅπασαν καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται καὶ ᾧ ἐὰν θέλω δίδωμι αὐτήν·

and the devil said to him, "To you I will give all this authority and their glory, for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whomever I wish."

The offerκαίThe devil's boast: he claims the world's authority as 'delivered' to him to dispense — a claim true only in the limited, fallen sense the NT grants 'the ruler of this world.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
διάβολοςdevilNominativesubject
Σοὶto youDativeindirect object (emphatic, fronted)σύ: emphatic 'to you' — the bribe placed first.
δώσωI will giveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ predictive futureδίδωμι: 'give'.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐξουσίανauthorityAccusativedirect objectἐξουσία: 'authority, power'; political dominion over the kingdoms.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective
ἅπασανallAccusativeattributive adjective (intensive of πᾶς)ἅπας: 'all, the whole'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
δόξανgloryAccusativedirect object (coordinate)δόξα: 'glory, splendor'; the magnificence of the kingdoms.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepossessive genitive
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἐμοὶto meDativedat. of indirect object (emphatic)ἐγώ: emphatic 'to me' — the devil's proud claim.
παραδέδοταιit has been deliveredPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb (causal clause)→ perfect (settled state)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over, deliver'; the unnamed agent ('delivered' by God's permission?) leaves the boast ambiguous.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
to whomDativerelative pronoun (indirect object of δίδωμι)
ἐὰν-everparticle (generalizes the relative)ἐάν: with the relative = 'whomever'.
θέλωI wishPres Act Subj 1 Sg · θέλωsubjunctive (indefinite rel. clause)→ present subjunctiveθέλω: 'will, wish'.
δίδωμιI givePres Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ customary presentδίδωμι: 'give'; the habitual disposal he claims.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object
7

σὺ οὖν ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ, ἔσται σοῦ πᾶσα.

If you, then, will worship before me, it will all be yours.

Condition of the offerοὖνThe price named: a single act of worship. The whole transaction inverts the first commandment — the devil seeking the homage owed God alone.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)σύ: emphatic — 'you, for your part.'
οὖνthereforeinferential conjunction
ἐὰνifconjunction (third-class condition)ἐάν: 'if'; with subjunctive, a hypothetical condition.
προσκυνήσῃςyou worshipAor Act Subj 2 Sg · προσκυνέωsubjunctive (protasis)→ ingressive aorist subjunctiveπροσκυνέω: 'bow down, worship, do homage'; the act of prostrate reverence.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'in the presence of'; a Lukan favorite.
ἐμοῦmeGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιον
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (apodosis)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'.
σοῦyoursGenitivepredicate genitive (possession)
πᾶσαallNominativepredicate adjective (the whole of it)πᾶς: 'all'; 'it shall all be yours.'
8

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Γέγραπται· Κύριον τὸν θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις.

And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve.'"

Answer (Scripture)καίAgain Deuteronomy (6:13): exclusive worship of YHWH alone — the very claim the devil sought to usurp.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass(Dep) Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιadverbial participle (pleonastic, Semitic)→ coincident aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; the 'answering ... said' idiom translates a Hebrew narrative pattern.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (citation formula)→ intensive perfect (standing authority)γράφω: 'it stands written.'
Κύριονthe LordAccusativedirect object (fronted, emphatic)κύριος: 'Lord'; the LXX rendering of YHWH in Deut 6:13.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεόνGodAccusativeapposition to Κύριονθεός: God.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
προσκυνήσειςyou shall worshipFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσκυνέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureπροσκυνέω: 'worship'; the future has the force of a command (LXX idiom).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτῷhimDativedat. object of λατρεύσεις (fronted)
μόνῳonlyDativeattributive adjective (emphatic)μόνος: 'only, alone'; the exclusivity is the point against the devil's bid.
λατρεύσειςyou shall serveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λατρεύωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureλατρεύω: 'serve, render cultic worship'.
9

Ἤγαγεν δὲ αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἔστησεν ἐπὶ τὸ πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν κάτω·

And he led him to Jerusalem and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here;

Third temptationδέThe climactic Lukan temptation, set at the Jerusalem temple where the Gospel will end: a dare to test God's protective promise by a self-endangering spectacle.
Ἤγαγενhe ledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω: 'lead, bring'.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἸερουσαλὴμJerusalemAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable, acc. sense)Ἰερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem; Luke's preferred Semitic form — the city of destiny in this Gospel.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔστησενsetAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἵστημι: 'cause to stand, place'.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (place)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
πτερύγιονpinnacleAccusativeobject of ἐπίπτερύγιον: 'little wing,' a parapet or highest point; the exact spot is uncertain.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἱεροῦtempleGenitivepossessive genitiveἱερόν: 'temple' (the whole precinct).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
Εἰifconjunction (first-class condition)εἰ: 'if'; resuming the taunt of v.3.
υἱὸςSonNominativepredicate nominative
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula (protasis)→ stative present
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of relationship
βάλεthrowAor Act Impv 2 Sg · βάλλωmain verb (apodosis)→ aorist imperative (specific command)βάλλω: 'throw, cast'.
σεαυτὸνyourselfAccusativereflexive direct objectσεαυτοῦ: 'yourself'.
ἐντεῦθενfrom hereadverb of place (source)ἐντεῦθεν: 'from here, hence'.
κάτωdownadverb of directionκάτω: 'down, below'.
10

γέγραπται γὰρ ὅτι Τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ τοῦ διαφυλάξαι σε,

for it is written, 'He will command his angels concerning you, to guard you,'

Devil's ScriptureγάρThe devil now weaponizes Scripture (Ps 91:11–12), quoting the promise of angelic protection — but omitting 'in all your ways,' wrenching it from its trust-context.
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (citation formula)→ intensive perfectγράφω: the devil mimics Jesus' own 'it stands written.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
ΤοῖςtheDativearticle
ἀγγέλοιςangelsDativedat. object of ἐντελεῖται (fronted)ἄγγελος: 'messenger, angel'; the protective hosts of Ps 91.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐντελεῖταιhe will commandFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureἐντέλλομαι: 'command, charge'.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
σοῦyouGenitiveobject of περί
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (governs articular infinitive)
διαφυλάξαιto guardAor Act Inf · διαφυλάσσωgenitive articular infinitive (purpose)→ constative aoristδιαφυλάσσω: 'guard thoroughly, protect'; the τοῦ + infinitive expresses purpose.
σεyouAccusativeobject of διαφυλάξαι
11

καὶ ὅτι Ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε μήποτε προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου.

and, 'On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.'

Devil's Scripture (cont.)καίThe second line of Ps 91:12 — the very mention of 'stone' and 'foot' invites the leap, the promise distorted into a demand for a sign.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
Ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
χειρῶνhandsGenitiveobject of ἐπίχείρ: 'hand'; the angels' upholding hands.
ἀροῦσίνthey will bear upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (citation)→ predictive futureαἴρω: 'lift, raise, bear'.
σεyouAccusativedirect object
μήποτεlestconjunction (negative purpose)μήποτε: 'lest, so that ... not'.
προσκόψῃςyou strikeAor Act Subj 2 Sg · προσκόπτωsubjunctive (negative purpose)→ aorist subjunctiveπροσκόπτω: 'strike against, stumble'.
πρὸςagainstpreposition + accusative (against)
λίθονa stoneAccusativeobject of πρόςλίθος: 'stone'.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
πόδαfootAccusativedirect object of προσκόψῃςπούς: 'foot'.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
12

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Εἴρηται· Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου.

And Jesus answered him, "It is said, 'You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.'"

Answer (Scripture)καίThe third answer, again Deuteronomy (6:16, the Massah incident): testing God is itself the sin the leap would commit — faith does not coerce the Father's care.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass(Dep) Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιadverbial participle (pleonastic)→ coincident aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
Εἴρηταιit is saidPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · λέγω/εἶπονmain verb (citation formula)→ intensive perfect (standing pronouncement)λέγω (perf. εἴρηται): 'it has been said,' a variation on γέγραπται.
Οὐκnotnegative particle
ἐκπειράσειςyou shall testFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκπειράζωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (prohibition)ἐκπειράζω: 'test thoroughly, put to the test' (intensive of πειράζω) — the same root as the devil's 'tempting' (v.2).
κύριονthe LordAccusativedirect objectκύριος: 'Lord' = YHWH (Deut 6:16 LXX).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
θεόνGodAccusativeapposition to κύριονθεός: God.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship
13

Καὶ συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν ὁ διάβολος ἀπέστη ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἄχρι καιροῦ.

And when the devil had finished every temptation, he departed from him until an opportune time.

ConclusionκαίThe devil withdraws 'until a καιρός' — an ominous Lukan note: the contest resumes when Satan enters Judas (22:3) at the Passion.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συντελέσαςhaving finishedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · συντελέωadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristσυντελέω: 'complete, finish'; echoes v.2's 'when [the days] were completed.'
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all, every'.
πειρασμὸνtemptationAccusativedirect object of participleπειρασμός: 'testing, temptation'; the noun summing up the whole episode.
theNominativearticle
διάβολοςdevilNominativesubject
ἀπέστηdepartedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀφίστημι: 'withdraw, stand off from'.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἀπό
ἄχριuntilimproper preposition + genitive (time)ἄχρι: 'until, up to'.
καιροῦan opportune timeGenitiveobject of ἄχρικαιρός: 'appointed/opportune time'; ominously open-ended — the testing is suspended, not ended (cf. 22:3, 53).
14

Καὶ ὑπέστρεψεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν. καὶ φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθ’ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου περὶ αὐτοῦ.

And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, and a report about him went out through all the surrounding country.

Transition / new sceneκαίThe Galilean ministry opens: the Spirit-tested one now ministers 'in the power of the Spirit,' his fame spreading — Luke's summary frame for what follows.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὑπέστρεψενreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aoristὑποστρέφω: 'return'.
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
δυνάμειpowerDativedat. of mannerδύναμις: 'power'; the Spirit's power now energizes the ministry (cf. v.1 'full of the Spirit').
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
πνεύματοςSpiritGenitivegenitive of sourceπνεῦμα: the Holy Spirit.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeAccusativeobject of εἰςΓαλιλαία: Galilee; the northern region of Jesus' early ministry.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φήμηreportNominativesubjectφήμη: 'report, fame, rumor'.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'.
καθ’throughoutpreposition + genitive (distribution)κατά: 'throughout, over'.
ὅληςallGenitiveattributive adjectiveὅλος: 'whole, all'.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
περιχώρουsurrounding regionGenitiveobject of κατάπερίχωρος: 'surrounding country' (substantival adjective).
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of περί
15

καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκεν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν, δοξαζόμενος ὑπὸ πάντων.

And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.

SummaryκαίA summary of the early, well-received synagogue teaching — the foil for the rejection that immediately follows at Nazareth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (intensive/resumptive pronoun)αὐτός: emphatic 'he himself,' a Lukan stylistic marker.
ἐδίδασκενwas teachingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διδάσκωmain verb→ imperfect (customary)διδάσκω: 'teach'; the imperfect = his habitual teaching.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
συναγωγαῖςsynagoguesDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue, assembly'; the typical venue of Jesus' teaching.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
δοξαζόμενοςbeing glorifiedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · δοξάζωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance)→ present (ongoing)δοξάζω: 'glorify, praise'; the present marks the ongoing acclaim.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agency)
πάντωνallGenitivegenitive of agency (substantival)πᾶς: 'all'.
16

Καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ναζαρά, οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων εἰς τὴν συναγωγήν, καὶ ἀνέστη ἀναγνῶναι.

And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and went, as was his custom, into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read.

Nazareth scene opensκαίThe programmatic Nazareth episode begins: home-town, Sabbath, synagogue, and Jesus rising to read — the setting for his manifesto.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθενhe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΝαζαράNazarethAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable proper name)Ναζαρά: Nazareth (this older form); Jesus' hometown.
οὗwhererelative adverb of placeοὗ: 'where'.
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic with ptc.)→ imperfect
τεθραμμένοςbrought upPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · τρέφωperiphrastic pluperfect (with ἦν)→ perfect (settled state)τρέφω: 'nourish, rear'; ἦν τεθραμμένος = 'he had been raised.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰσῆλθενhe went inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
εἰωθὸςcustomPerf Act Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · ἔθωsubstantival participle (object of κατά)→ perfect (habitual state)ἔθω: 'be accustomed'; τὸ εἰωθός = 'his custom,' marking Jesus' Sabbath observance.
αὐτῷto himDativedat. of reference (his custom)
ἐνonpreposition + dative (time)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedat. of timeἡμέρα: 'day'.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
σαββάτωνSabbathGenitivegenitive (the Sabbath day)σάββατον: 'Sabbath'; the plural form often denotes the single day.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
συναγωγήνsynagogueAccusativeobject of εἰςσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνέστηhe stood upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀνίστημι: 'stand up, rise'; one stood to read Scripture.
ἀναγνῶναιto readAor Act Inf · ἀναγινώσκωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristἀναγινώσκω: 'read (aloud)'; the purpose infinitive.
17

καὶ ἐπεδόθη αὐτῷ βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου, καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον εὗρεν τὸν τόπον οὗ ἦν γεγραμμένον·

And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him, and unrolling the scroll he found the place where it was written:

Setting up the citationκαίThe Isaiah scroll is handed over; Jesus 'finds' the passage — Luke presents it as deliberately chosen as his programmatic text.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπεδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιδίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιδίδωμι: 'hand over, give'.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
βιβλίονscrollNominativesubjectβιβλίον: 'book, scroll'.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitivegenitive (the prophet's scroll)προφήτης: 'prophet'.
ἨσαΐουIsaiahGenitivegenitive in appositionἨσαΐας: Isaiah.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναπτύξαςunrollingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀναπτύσσωadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀναπτύσσω: 'unroll, open' (a scroll).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
βιβλίονscrollAccusativeobject of ἀναπτύξας
εὗρενhe foundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find'.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
τόπονplaceAccusativedirect objectτόπος: 'place, passage'.
οὗwhererelative adverb of place
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ imperfect
γεγραμμένονwrittenPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · γράφωperiphrastic pluperfect (with ἦν)→ perfect (standing record)γράφω: 'write'; ἦν γεγραμμένον = 'it stood written.'
18

Πνεῦμα κυρίου ἐπ’ ἐμέ, οὗ εἵνεκεν ἔχρισέν με εὐαγγελίσασθαι πτωχοῖς, ἀπέσταλκέν με κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν καὶ τυφλοῖς ἀνάβλεψιν, ἀποστεῖλαι τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει,

"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor; he has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed,

Programmatic citation (Isa 61:1)asyndetonThe Isaiah 61:1 manifesto (with a clause of Isa 58:6): the Spirit-anointed Servant's mission of jubilee — good news, release, sight, liberty. The Messianic agenda of Luke's Gospel.
ΠνεῦμαSpiritNominativesubject (verbless clause)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the same Spirit on Jesus since the baptism, now declared from Scripture.
κυρίουof the LordGenitivepossessive/source genitiveκύριος: 'Lord' = YHWH.
ἐπ’uponpreposition + accusative (upon)ἐπί: 'upon, on'.
ἐμέmeAccusativeobject of ἐπί
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (with εἵνεκεν)
εἵνεκενbecauseimproper preposition + gen. (cause)ἕνεκεν: 'because of, on account of'; οὗ εἵνεκεν = 'because.'
ἔχρισένhe anointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χρίωmain verb→ constative aoristχρίω: 'anoint'; the verb behind Χριστός — Jesus is the anointed (Messiah) by the Spirit.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
εὐαγγελίσασθαιto proclaim good newsAor Mid Inf · εὐαγγελίζωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristεὐαγγελίζομαι: 'announce good news'; the purpose of the anointing.
πτωχοῖςto the poorDativedat. of indirect objectπτωχός: 'poor, destitute'; in Luke both materially poor and the lowly to whom the kingdom comes.
ἀπέσταλκένhe has sentPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ perfect (abiding commission)ἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; the perfect marks an enduring mandate.
μεmeAccusativedirect object
κηρύξαιto proclaimAor Act Inf · κηρύσσωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristκηρύσσω: 'herald, proclaim'.
αἰχμαλώτοιςto captivesDativedat. of indirect objectαἰχμάλωτος: 'prisoner of war, captive'.
ἄφεσινreleaseAccusativedirect object of κηρύξαιἄφεσις: 'release, forgiveness'; the jubilee word — liberation and, in Luke, forgiveness of sins.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τυφλοῖςto the blindDativedat. of indirect objectτυφλός: 'blind'.
ἀνάβλεψινrecovery of sightAccusativedirect object (coordinate)ἀνάβλεψις: 'recovery of sight'; NT hapax, from Isa 61:1 LXX.
ἀποστεῖλαιto setAor Act Inf · ἀποστέλλωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send forth'; here 'send away in liberty' — the clause is drawn from Isa 58:6 LXX.
τεθραυσμένουςthe oppressedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · θραύωsubstantival participle (object)→ perfect (settled condition)θραύω: 'break, crush, shatter'; 'the broken/oppressed ones' (Isa 58:6).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (state)
ἀφέσειlibertyDativedat. of state/mannerἄφεσις: 'release, liberty'; the repeated jubilee keyword frames the citation.
19

κηρύξαι ἐνιαυτὸν κυρίου δεκτόν.

to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor."

Programmatic citation (cont.)asyndetonThe citation climaxes in the 'acceptable year' — the jubilee of Lev 25, now inaugurated. Jesus stops before Isaiah's 'day of vengeance,' withholding judgment from his opening proclamation.
κηρύξαιto proclaimAor Act Inf · κηρύσσωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristκηρύσσω: 'proclaim, herald'.
ἐνιαυτὸνyearAccusativedirect objectἐνιαυτός: 'year'; the jubilee year of release (Lev 25).
κυρίουof the LordGenitivepossessive genitiveκύριος: 'Lord' = YHWH.
δεκτόνfavorableAccusativeattributive adjectiveδεκτός: 'acceptable, favorable'; the 'acceptable year' — and note the wordplay with δεκτός in v.24 ('no prophet is acceptable').
20

καὶ πτύξας τὸ βιβλίον ἀποδοὺς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ ἐκάθισεν· καὶ πάντων οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἦσαν ἀτενίζοντες αὐτῷ.

And rolling up the scroll, he gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him.

Dramatic pauseκαίA vivid tableau: Jesus sits (the teaching posture) and every eye fastens on him — the hush before the verdict 'today.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πτύξαςrolling upAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πτύσσωadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristπτύσσω: 'fold, roll up' (a scroll).
τὸtheAccusativearticle
βιβλίονscrollAccusativeobject of πτύξας
ἀποδοὺςgiving backAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀποδίδωμιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀποδίδωμι: 'give back, return'.
τῷto theDativearticle
ὑπηρέτῃattendantDativeindirect objectὑπηρέτης: 'attendant, servant'; the synagogue minister (ḥazzān).
ἐκάθισενhe sat downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίζωmain verb→ constative aoristκαθίζω: 'sit'; the seated posture of authoritative teaching.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάντωνof allGenitivepossessive genitive (of all)πᾶς: 'all'.
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubjectὀφθαλμός: 'eye'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
συναγωγῇsynagogueDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ imperfect
ἀτενίζοντεςfixed/gazingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀτενίζωperiphrastic imperfect (with ἦσαν)→ present (durative)ἀτενίζω: 'gaze intently, fix the eyes'; a Lukan word (Acts 13×).
αὐτῷon himDativedat. (object of gazing)
21

ἤρξατο δὲ λέγειν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὅτι Σήμερον πεπλήρωται ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν.

And he began to say to them, "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing."

The proclamationδέThe thunderbolt: 'Today' the Isaiah text is fulfilled — the perfect πεπλήρωται announces an accomplished, standing fulfillment in Jesus' own person and ministry.
ἤρξατοhe beganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχωmain verb (ingressive idiom)→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; a Lukan favorite, often near-auxiliary.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
λέγεινto sayPres Act Inf · λέγωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitiveλέγω: 'say'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
Σήμερονtodayadverb of time (emphatic, fronted)σήμερον: 'today'; the great Lukan 'today' of fulfilled salvation (cf. 2:11; 19:9; 23:43).
πεπλήρωταιhas been fulfilledPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · πληρόωmain verb→ intensive perfect (accomplished state)πληρόω: 'fill, fulfill'; the perfect declares an achieved and abiding fulfillment.
theNominativearticle
γραφὴScriptureNominativesubjectγραφή: 'Scripture, writing'.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative adjective
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ὠσὶνearsDativedat. of sphere ('in your hearing')οὖς: 'ear'; 'in your ears' = as you hear it now.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive
22

Καὶ πάντες ἐμαρτύρουν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔλεγον· Οὐχὶ υἱός ἐστιν Ἰωσὴφ οὗτος;

And all spoke well of him and marveled at the gracious words that came from his mouth, and they said, "Is this not Joseph's son?"

The crowd's reactionκαίAdmiration shades into skepticism: the 'gracious words' impress, yet 'Joseph's son' betrays the familiarity that breeds the coming offense.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάντεςallNominativesubjectπᾶς: 'all'.
ἐμαρτύρουνspoke well/bore witnessImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · μαρτυρέωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)μαρτυρέω: 'bear witness'; here favorably, 'spoke well of him.'
αὐτῷhimDativedat. of object (of witnessing)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐθαύμαζονmarveledImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · θαυμάζωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)θαυμάζω: 'wonder, marvel'.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause/ground)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
λόγοιςwordsDativeobject of ἐπίλόγος: 'word, saying'.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
χάριτοςgraceGenitiveattributive genitive (quality)χάρις: 'grace, charm'; 'words of grace' = gracious/winsome speech.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐκπορευομένοιςcoming outPres Mid Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιattributive participle→ present (concurrent)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out, proceed'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
στόματοςmouthGenitiveobject of ἐκστόμα: 'mouth'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔλεγονthey saidImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)λέγω: 'say'.
Οὐχὶnotinterrogative negative (expects 'yes')οὐχί: emphatic 'not'; introduces a question expecting affirmation.
υἱόςsonNominativepredicate nominativeυἱός: 'son'.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative present
Ἰωσὴφof JosephGenitivegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ἰωσήφ: Joseph; the reputed father — the townsfolk's basis for unbelief.
οὗτοςthis oneNominativesubject (demonstrative)
23

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Πάντως ἐρεῖτέ μοι τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην· Ἰατρέ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν· ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν γενόμενα εἰς τὴν Καφαρναοὺμ ποίησον καὶ ὧδε ἐν τῇ πατρίδι σου.

And he said to them, "Doubtless you will quote to me this proverb, 'Physician, heal yourself.' What we have heard done at Capernaum, do here also in your hometown."

Jesus anticipates themκαίJesus pre-empts their demand for home-town miracles with the proverb 'Physician, heal yourself' — exposing the unbelief that asks for signs on its own terms.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
Πάντωςdoubtlessadverb (certainty)πάντως: 'by all means, surely, doubtless'.
ἐρεῖτέyou will sayFut Act Indic 2 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ predictive futureλέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): 'say'.
μοιto meDativeindirect object
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
παραβολὴνproverbAccusativedirect objectπαραβολή: 'parable, proverb, comparison'.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective
ἸατρέPhysicianVocativevocative of addressἰατρός: 'physician, healer'.
θεράπευσονhealAor Act Impv 2 Sg · θεραπεύωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeθεραπεύω: 'heal, cure'.
σεαυτόνyourselfAccusativereflexive direct object
ὅσαwhatever thingsAccusativerelative pronoun (object, fronted)ὅσος: 'as much/many as, whatever'.
ἠκούσαμενwe heardAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'.
γενόμεναhappening/doneAor Mid Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · γίνομαιsupplementary participle (with ἠκούσαμεν)→ antecedent aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, be done'.
εἰςatpreposition + accusative (place, = ἐν)εἰς: here for ἐν, 'in/at' (Koine overlap).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ΚαφαρναοὺμCapernaumAccusativeobject of εἰς (indeclinable place)Καφαρναούμ: Capernaum, Jesus' Galilean base of ministry.
ποίησονdoAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeποιέω: 'do, make'.
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
ὧδεhereadverb of placeὧδε: 'here'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
πατρίδιhometownDativedat. of placeπατρίς: 'homeland, hometown'.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive
24

εἶπεν δέ· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐδεὶς προφήτης δεκτός ἐστιν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ.

And he said, "Truly, I say to you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown.

The prophet proverbδέThe solemn 'amen' saying: δεκτός ('acceptable') deliberately echoes the 'acceptable year' of v.19 — the very town that should receive the favorable year rejects its herald.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
δέandcontinuative conjunction
Ἀμὴνtrulyparticle (solemn affirmation)ἀμήν: Hebrew 'truly'; Jesus' characteristic prefatory formula of authority.
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ customary presentλέγω: 'say'.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
ὅτιthatrecitative/content ὅτι
οὐδεὶςnoNominativeattributive adjective (negative)οὐδείς: 'no one, no'.
προφήτηςprophetNominativesubjectπροφήτης: 'prophet'; Jesus claims prophetic identity.
δεκτόςacceptableNominativepredicate adjectiveδεκτός: 'acceptable, welcome'; the catchword link to v.19's 'acceptable year.'
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ gnomic present
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
πατρίδιhometownDativedat. of placeπατρίς: 'hometown, homeland'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
25

ἐπ’ ἀληθείας δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, πολλαὶ χῆραι ἦσαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἠλίου ἐν τῷ Ἰσραήλ, ὅτε ἐκλείσθη ὁ οὐρανὸς ἐπὶ ἔτη τρία καὶ μῆνας ἕξ, ὡς ἐγένετο λιμὸς μέγας ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν,

But in truth I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land,

Elijah precedentδέFirst OT precedent: in Elijah's famine, many Israelite widows went unhelped — the prophet's blessing went outside Israel. The principle of grace beyond the covenant boundary.
ἐπ’inpreposition + genitive (basis)ἐπί: 'on the basis of'; ἐπ' ἀληθείας = 'truly, in truth.'
ἀληθείαςtruthGenitiveobject of ἐπίἀλήθεια: 'truth'.
δὲbutcontinuative/adversative conjunction
λέγωI sayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ customary presentλέγω: 'say'.
ὑμῖνto youDativeindirect object
πολλαὶmanyNominativeattributive adjectiveπολύς: 'many'.
χῆραιwidowsNominativesubjectχήρα: 'widow'; the archetypal poor and vulnerable, a Lukan concern.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ imperfect
ἐνinpreposition + dative (time)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedat. of timeἡμέρα: 'day'.
Ἠλίουof ElijahGenitivepossessive genitiveἨλίας: Elijah; the prophet of 1 Kgs 17.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἸσραήλIsraelDativedat. of place (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel; the covenant nation — the point being that grace went beyond it.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunctionὅτε: 'when'.
ἐκλείσθηwas shutAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κλείωmain verb (temporal clause)→ constative aoristκλείω: 'shut, close'; the heaven 'shut up' = drought (divine passive).
theNominativearticle
οὐρανὸςheaven/skyNominativesubjectοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky'; the source of rain, shut for the drought.
ἐπὶforpreposition + accusative (extent of time)
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeἔτος: 'year'.
τρίαthreeAccusativecardinal numeralτρεῖς: 'three'; the schematic 3½ years (cf. Jas 5:17; Rev 11).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μῆναςmonthsAccusativeaccusative of extent of timeμήν: 'month'.
ἕξsixAccusativecardinal numeral (indeclinable)ἕξ: 'six'.
ὡςwhen/astemporal conjunctionὡς: 'as, when'.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal clause)→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'become, come about'.
λιμὸςfamineNominativesubjectλιμός: 'famine, hunger'.
μέγαςgreatNominativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great'.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (extent)
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all'.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνlandAccusativeobject of ἐπίγῆ: 'earth, land'.
26

καὶ πρὸς οὐδεμίαν αὐτῶν ἐπέμφθη Ἠλίας εἰ μὴ εἰς Σάρεπτα τῆς Σιδωνίας πρὸς γυναῖκα χήραν.

and to none of them was Elijah sent, but only to Zarephath, in the region of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow.

Elijah precedent (point)καίThe pointed conclusion: Elijah was sent not to an Israelite widow but to a Gentile of Sidon — grace crossing the boundary, an affront to Nazareth's claim.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
οὐδεμίανnoneAccusativeobject of πρός (fem. of οὐδείς)οὐδείς: 'no one'; feminine 'no [widow].'
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
ἐπέμφθηwas sentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πέμπωmain verb→ constative aoristπέμπω: 'send'; divine passive — God sent him.
ἨλίαςElijahNominativesubjectἨλίας: Elijah.
εἰifconjunction (with μή = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')εἰ μή: 'except, but only'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΣάρεπταZarephathAccusativeobject of εἰς (place)Σάρεπτα: Zarephath; a Phoenician town — Gentile territory (1 Kgs 17:9).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ΣιδωνίαςSidonGenitivegenitive of place (region of Sidon)Σιδωνία: 'Sidonian (region)'; emphasizing the Gentile, Phoenician locale.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
γυναῖκαa womanAccusativeobject of πρόςγυνή: 'woman, wife'.
χήρανwidowAccusativeapposition (a widow woman)χήρα: 'widow'.
27

καὶ πολλοὶ λεπροὶ ἦσαν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου τοῦ προφήτου, καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἐκαθαρίσθη εἰ μὴ Ναιμὰν ὁ Σύρος.

And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, and none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Syrian.

Elisha precedentκαίThe parallel Elisha precedent: among Israel's many lepers, only Naaman the Syrian was cleansed — a second Gentile recipient of prophetic grace, sealing the indictment of unbelieving Nazareth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πολλοὶmanyNominativeattributive adjectiveπολύς: 'many'.
λεπροὶlepersNominativesubjectλεπρός: 'leprous, a leper'.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ imperfect
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
ἸσραὴλIsraelDativedat. of place (indeclinable)Ἰσραήλ: Israel.
ἐπὶin the time ofpreposition + genitive (time)ἐπί: 'in the time of' (with gen. of person).
ἘλισαίουElishaGenitiveobject of ἐπί (time)Ἐλισαῖος: Elisha; the prophet of 2 Kgs 5.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
προφήτουprophetGenitiveapposition to Ἐλισαίουπροφήτης: 'prophet'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οὐδεὶςnoneNominativesubject (negative)οὐδείς: 'no one'.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
ἐκαθαρίσθηwas cleansedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb→ constative aoristκαθαρίζω: 'cleanse, make clean'; of leprosy.
εἰifconjunction (with μή = 'except')
μὴnotnegative (εἰ μή = 'except')
ΝαιμὰνNaamanNominativesubject (exception, indeclinable)Ναιμάν: Naaman; the Syrian commander cleansed in 2 Kgs 5.
theNominativearticle
ΣύροςSyrianNominativeapposition (the Syrian)Σύρος: 'a Syrian'; again a Gentile — the foreigner, not the insiders, receives grace.
28

καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἀκούοντες ταῦτα,

And all in the synagogue were filled with wrath when they heard these things.

Reaction: furyκαίThe acclaim of v.22 turns to murderous rage at the suggestion that Gentiles might be preferred — the offense of grace beyond Israel.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπλήσθησανwere filledAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πίμπλημιmain verb→ ingressive aoristπίμπλημι: 'fill'; a Lukan word, here filled with rage.
πάντεςallNominativesubjectπᾶς: 'all'.
θυμοῦwith wrathGenitivegenitive of content (with verb of filling)θυμός: 'rage, fury, passion'; the seething anger of the crowd.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
συναγωγῇsynagogueDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
ἀκούοντεςhearingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωadverbial participle (temporal/causal)→ present (concurrent)ἀκούω: 'hear'.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούοντες
29

καὶ ἀναστάντες ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἕως ὀφρύος τοῦ ὄρους ἐφ’ οὗ ἡ πόλις ᾠκοδόμητο αὐτῶν, ὥστε κατακρημνίσαι αὐτόν·

And they rose up and drove him out of the town and led him to the brow of the hill on which their town was built, so as to throw him down headlong.

Attempted murderκαίThe fury becomes action: an attempted lynching, casting him from the cliff — a foreshadowing of the rejection that runs to the cross.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀναστάντεςrising upAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀνίστημιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'.
ἐξέβαλονdrove outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκβάλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐκβάλλω: 'cast/drive out'.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἔξωoutsideimproper preposition + genitiveἔξω: 'outside, out of'.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
πόλεωςtownGenitiveobject of ἔξωπόλις: 'city, town'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἤγαγονledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω: 'lead'.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
ἕωςtoimproper preposition + genitiveἕως: 'up to, as far as'.
ὀφρύοςbrowGenitiveobject of ἕωςὀφρύς: 'brow' (lit. eyebrow); the edge/crest of a hill — NT hapax.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ὄρουςhillGenitivepossessive genitiveὄρος: 'mountain, hill'.
ἐφ’onpreposition + genitive (place)
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐπί)
theNominativearticle
πόλιςtownNominativesubject (rel. clause)πόλις: 'town'.
ᾠκοδόμητοhad been builtPluperf Pass Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (rel. clause)→ pluperfect (prior state)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the pluperfect of the town's prior construction.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive
ὥστεso asconjunction (result/purpose + inf.)ὥστε: 'so as to, in order to'.
κατακρημνίσαιto throw down headlongAor Act Inf · κατακρημνίζωinfinitive (result/purpose with ὥστε)→ constative aoristκατακρημνίζω: 'cast down a cliff' (κρημνός); NT hapax — their murderous intent.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of infinitive
30

αὐτὸς δὲ διελθὼν διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν ἐπορεύετο.

But passing through their midst, he went away.

Deliverance / departureδέAn unexplained, sovereign escape: Jesus simply passes through the murderous crowd and goes on — his 'hour' is not yet, and no mob can preempt it.
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)αὐτός: emphatic 'he' — set against 'they.'
δὲbutadversative conjunction
διελθὼνpassing throughAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διέρχομαιadverbial participle (means/manner)→ coincident aoristδιέρχομαι: 'pass through, go through'.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (through)
μέσουmidstGenitiveobject of διά (substantival adj.)μέσος: 'middle, midst'.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive
ἐπορεύετοhe went awayImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb→ imperfect (ingressive/durative)πορεύομαι: 'go, journey'; the imperfect lets him simply walk on his way.
31

Καὶ κατῆλθεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ πόλιν τῆς Γαλιλαίας. καὶ ἦν διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν·

And he went down to Capernaum, a town of Galilee, and was teaching them on the Sabbath.

New scene: CapernaumκαίThe scene shifts to Capernaum (the very place whose signs Nazareth envied): Sabbath teaching that displays the authority Nazareth refused.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατῆλθενwent downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristκατέρχομαι: 'come/go down'; geographically apt — Capernaum lies below the Nazareth hills, on the lake.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ΚαφαρναοὺμCapernaumAccusativeobject of εἰς (place)Καφαρναούμ: Capernaum.
πόλινa townAccusativeapposition to Καφαρναούμπόλις: 'city, town'.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivegenitive (a town of Galilee)Γαλιλαία: Galilee.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ imperfect
διδάσκωνteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · διδάσκωperiphrastic imperfect (with ἦν)→ present (durative)διδάσκω: 'teach'; ἦν διδάσκων = 'he was teaching' (customary).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of διδάσκων
ἐνonpreposition + dative (time)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
σάββασινSabbath(s)Dativedat. of timeσάββατον: 'Sabbath'; the plural form for the single day.
32

καὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ἦν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ.

And they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority.

Reaction: astonishmentκαίThe crowd's astonishment at the authoritative word sets up the exorcism, where that authority is demonstrated over an unclean spirit.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξεπλήσσοντοwere astonishedImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐκπλήσσωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)ἐκπλήσσω: 'strike out (of one's senses), amaze'; the imperfect = continuing astonishment.
ἐπὶatpreposition + dative (cause)
τῇtheDativearticle
διδαχῇteachingDativeobject of ἐπί (cause)διδαχή: 'teaching, instruction'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)
ἐξουσίᾳauthorityDativedat. of mannerἐξουσία: 'authority'; his word carried inherent, not derivative, authority.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ imperfect
theNominativearticle
λόγοςwordNominativesubjectλόγος: 'word, message'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive
33

καὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἔχων πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ ἀνέκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ·

And in the synagogue there was a man having the spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice,

Exorcism scene opensκαίThe first Lukan exorcism: a man possessed by an unclean spirit confronts Jesus in the synagogue, the demon shrieking before the Holy One.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
συναγωγῇsynagogueDativedat. of placeσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ imperfect
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubjectἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'.
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωattributive participle→ present (durative)ἔχω: 'have, hold'.
πνεῦμαspiritAccusativedirect object of ἔχωνπνεῦμα: here a demonic 'spirit.'
δαιμονίουof a demonGenitiveattributive genitiveδαιμόνιον: 'demon, evil spirit'.
ἀκαθάρτουuncleanGenitiveattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; ritually and morally defiling — set against the 'Holy One' of v.34.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνέκραξενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνακράζωmain verb→ constative aoristἀνακράζω: 'cry out, shriek'.
φωνῇwith a voiceDativedat. of manner/instrumentφωνή: 'voice, sound'.
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, loud'.
34

Ἔα, τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ; ἦλθες ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς; οἶδά σε τίς εἶ, ὁ ἅγιος τοῦ θεοῦ.

"Ha! What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!"

The demon's cryasyndetonThe demon, recognizing Jesus' identity before the crowd does, names him 'the Holy One of God' — a confession wrung from the unclean spirit it cannot endure.
ἜαHa!interjection (alarm)ἔα: an exclamation of alarm/protest — 'Ah! Let be!'
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative (idiom)τίς ἡμῖν καὶ σοί: a Semitic idiom, 'what to us and to you?' = 'what have we in common?'
ἡμῖνto usDativedat. of reference (idiom)
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σοίto youDativedat. of reference (idiom)
ἸησοῦJesusVocativevocative of addressἸησοῦς: vocative.
Ναζαρηνέof NazarethVocativevocative (apposition)Ναζαρηνός: 'Nazarene, of Nazareth'.
ἦλθεςdid you comeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (question)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'.
ἀπολέσαιto destroyAor Act Inf · ἀπόλλυμιinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy, ruin'; the demon fears its undoing.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeobject of infinitive
οἶδάI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect-as-present (stative)οἶδα: 'know'; the demon's supernatural recognition.
σεyouAccusativeobject (prolepsis of σε ... τίς εἶ)
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative (indirect question)
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula (indirect question)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
ἅγιοςHoly OneNominativepredicate (apposition, substantival adj.)ἅγιος: 'holy one'; 'the Holy One of God' — a messianic title, the antithesis of the 'unclean' spirit.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of relationship/sourceθεός: God.
35

καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· Φιμώθητι καὶ ἔξελθε ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ῥῖψαν αὐτὸν τὸ δαιμόνιον εἰς τὸ μέσον ἐξῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ μηδὲν βλάψαν αὐτόν.

But Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be silent, and come out of him!" And when the demon had thrown him down in their midst, it came out of him, having done him no harm.

The exorcismκαίJesus' bare word commands silence and exit; the demon obeys, harming no one — a display of unconditional authority over the unclean realm.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπετίμησενrebukedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke, command sternly'; the authoritative word over demonic and natural powers.
αὐτῷitDativedat. object of ἐπετίμησεν
theNominativearticle
ἸησοῦςJesusNominativesubject
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωadverbial participle (manner, pleonastic)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
Φιμώθητιbe silentAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · φιμόωmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeφιμόω: 'muzzle, silence'; Jesus forbids the demon's testimony.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔξελθεcome outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (command)→ aorist imperativeἐξέρχομαι: 'come out, depart'.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἀπό
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ῥῖψανthrowing downAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · ῥίπτωadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristῥίπτω: 'throw, hurl'; the demon's last violent convulsion.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of ῥῖψαν
τὸtheNominativearticle
δαιμόνιονdemonNominativesubjectδαιμόνιον: 'demon'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (place)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
μέσονmidstAccusativeobject of εἰς (substantival adj.)μέσος: 'middle, midst'; 'into their midst.'
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'come out'.
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἀπό
μηδὲνin nothingAccusativeadverbial accusative (negative)μηδείς: 'nothing'; 'in no way harming him.'
βλάψανhaving harmedAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · βλάπτωadverbial participle (result/concession)→ constative aoristβλάπτω: 'harm, injure'; Luke (a physician) notes the man was unhurt.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of βλάψαν
36

καὶ ἐγένετο θάμβος ἐπὶ πάντας, καὶ συνελάλουν πρὸς ἀλλήλους λέγοντες· Τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος, ὅτι ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ἐπιτάσσει τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις πνεύμασιν, καὶ ἐξέρχονται;

And amazement came upon all, and they spoke to one another, saying, "What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!"

Reaction: amazementκαίThe crowd's wondering question fixes on the 'word' — the authoritative λόγος that even unclean spirits obey, the theme of v.32 now confirmed by deed.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ ingressive aoristγίνομαι: 'come about, happen'; the Lukan καὶ ἐγένετο narrative idiom.
θάμβοςamazementNominativesubjectθάμβος: 'astonishment, awe'.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (upon)
πάνταςallAccusativeobject of ἐπίπᾶς: 'all'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συνελάλουνspoke togetherImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · συλλαλέωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)συλλαλέω: 'talk with, discuss together'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
ἀλλήλουςone anotherAccusativereciprocal pronoun (object of πρός)ἀλλήλων: 'one another'.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωadverbial participle (manner, pleonastic)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
ΤίςwhatNominativeinterrogative (predicate)τίς: 'who, what'.
theNominativearticle
λόγοςwordNominativesubjectλόγος: 'word'; here 'what kind of utterance is this?'
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative adjective
ὅτιfor/thatcausal/explanatory conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)
ἐξουσίᾳauthorityDativedat. of mannerἐξουσία: 'authority'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δυνάμειpowerDativedat. of mannerδύναμις: 'power'; authority joined to effective power.
ἐπιτάσσειhe commandsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτάσσωmain verb→ gnomic/customary presentἐπιτάσσω: 'order, command'.
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἀκαθάρτοιςuncleanDativeattributive adjectiveἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean'.
πνεύμασινspiritsDativedat. object of ἐπιτάσσειπνεῦμα: 'spirit'; the demonic spirits.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξέρχονταιthey come outPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ gnomic presentἐξέρχομαι: 'come out'.
37

καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο ἦχος περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς πάντα τόπον τῆς περιχώρου.

And report of him went out into every place in the surrounding region.

Summary: spreading fameκαίA summary closing the Capernaum exorcism: the news of his authority spreads everywhere, echoing the fame-motif of v.14.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξεπορεύετοwent outImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐκπορεύομαιmain verb→ imperfect (durative)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out, spread'; the imperfect of the spreading report.
ἦχοςreport/soundNominativesubjectἦχος: 'sound, report, rumor'.
περὶaboutpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of περί
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every, all'.
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of εἰςτόπος: 'place'.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
περιχώρουsurrounding regionGenitivepartitive genitiveπερίχωρος: 'surrounding country'.
38

Ἀναστὰς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς συναγωγῆς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος. πενθερὰ δὲ τοῦ Σίμωνος ἦν συνεχομένη πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ, καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτὸν περὶ αὐτῆς.

And rising from the synagogue, he entered Simon's house. Now Simon's mother-in-law was suffering from a high fever, and they appealed to him on her behalf.

New scene: Simon's houseδέThe private healing of Simon's mother-in-law; Luke (the physician) specifies a 'high fever,' and the household appeals on her behalf.
ἈναστὰςrisingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, get up'.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
συναγωγῆςsynagogueGenitiveobject of ἀπόσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeobject of εἰςοἰκία: 'house'.
Σίμωνοςof SimonGenitivepossessive genitiveΣίμων: Simon (Peter); his first appearance is here, before his formal call (5:1–11).
πενθερὰmother-in-lawNominativesubjectπενθερά: 'mother-in-law'; implying Simon was married (cf. 1 Cor 9:5).
δὲnowcontinuative conjunction
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΣίμωνοςSimonGenitivepossessive genitive
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ imperfect
συνεχομένηgrippedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · συνέχωperiphrastic imperfect (with ἦν)→ present (durative)συνέχω: 'hold fast, grip, afflict'; a clinical term — 'seized/gripped by fever.'
πυρετῷfeverDativedat. of means/causeπυρετός: 'fever' (lit. 'burning').
μεγάλῳhighDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, high'; Luke's medical precision ('high fever,' a recognized category).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἠρώτησανthey askedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐρωτάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐρωτάω: 'ask, request'.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of περί
39

καὶ ἐπιστὰς ἐπάνω αὐτῆς ἐπετίμησεν τῷ πυρετῷ, καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτήν· παραχρῆμα δὲ ἀναστᾶσα διηκόνει αὐτοῖς.

And standing over her, he rebuked the fever, and it left her, and immediately she rose and began to serve them.

The healingκαίThe same 'rebuke' (ἐπιτιμάω) used on the demon now masters the fever; her instant rising and serving demonstrate a complete, restorative cure.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιστὰςstanding overAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐφίστημιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἐφίστημι: 'stand over, come upon'.
ἐπάνωoverimproper preposition + genitiveἐπάνω: 'over, above'.
αὐτῆςherGenitiveobject of ἐπάνω
ἐπετίμησενrebukedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτιμάωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke'; the disease treated like a hostile power, as with the demon (v.35).
τῷtheDativearticle
πυρετῷfeverDativedat. object of ἐπετίμησενπυρετός: 'fever'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀφῆκενit leftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀφίημι: 'leave, release'; the fever 'let her go.'
αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyadverb of timeπαραχρῆμα: 'instantly, at once'; a Lukan favorite marking the completeness of the cure.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἀναστᾶσαrisingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Fem · ἀνίστημιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise, get up'.
διηκόνειservedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · διακονέωmain verb→ imperfect (ingressive)διακονέω: 'serve, wait on'; the inceptive imperfect — 'she began to serve,' proving full restoration.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object
40

Δύνοντος δὲ τοῦ ἡλίου ἅπαντες ὅσοι εἶχον ἀσθενοῦντας νόσοις ποικίλαις ἤγαγον αὐτοὺς πρὸς αὐτόν· ὁ δὲ ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ αὐτῶν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιτιθεὶς ἐθεράπευεν αὐτούς.

Now as the sun was setting, all those who had any who were sick with various diseases brought them to him, and laying his hands on each one of them he healed them.

Evening healingsδέAfter sunset (the Sabbath ended), a mass of the sick is brought; Luke notes the personal touch — hands laid on 'each one' — and the comprehensive healing.
ΔύνοντοςsettingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · δύνωgenitive absolute (temporal)→ present (concurrent)δύνω: 'go down, set'; of the sun — the Sabbath's end freed people to carry the sick.
δὲnowcontinuative conjunction
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἡλίουsunGenitivesubject of gen. absoluteἥλιος: 'sun'.
ἅπαντεςallNominativesubjectἅπας: 'all, every one'.
ὅσοιas many asNominativerelative pronoun (subject of rel. clause)ὅσος: 'as many as, whoever'.
εἶχονhadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (rel. clause)→ imperfect (durative)ἔχω: 'have'.
ἀσθενοῦνταςthose sickPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἀσθενέωsubstantival participle (object of εἶχον)→ present (durative)ἀσθενέω: 'be weak, be sick'.
νόσοιςwith diseasesDativedat. of cause/meansνόσος: 'disease, sickness'.
ποικίλαιςvariousDativeattributive adjectiveποικίλος: 'various, of many kinds'.
ἤγαγονbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἄγωmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω: 'bring, lead'.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
αὐτόνhimAccusativeobject of πρός
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)ὁ δέ: 'and he' — the article used pronominally.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἑνὶoneDativedat. (with ἑκάστῳ, distributive)εἷς: 'one'; ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ = 'each single one.'
ἑκάστῳeachDativedat. of indirect object (distributive)ἕκαστος: 'each'; the individual, personal attention.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιτιθείςχείρ: 'hand'.
ἐπιτιθεὶςlaying onPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιτίθημιadverbial participle (means)→ present (concurrent)ἐπιτίθημι: 'lay/put upon'; the healing touch on each.
ἐθεράπευενhe healedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θεραπεύωmain verb→ imperfect (iterative)θεραπεύω: 'heal, cure'; the iterative imperfect — one after another.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
41

ἐξήρχετο δὲ καὶ δαιμόνια ἀπὸ πολλῶν, κραυγάζοντα καὶ λέγοντα ὅτι Σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ ἐπιτιμῶν οὐκ εἴα αὐτὰ λαλεῖν, ὅτι ᾔδεισαν τὸν χριστὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι.

And demons also came out of many, crying out and saying, "You are the Son of God!" But he rebuked them and would not allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.

Exorcisms / messianic secretδέThe demons confess his identity ('Son of God,' 'the Christ'), but Jesus silences them — the Lukan reticence about premature, demonic proclamation of his messiahship.
ἐξήρχετοcame outImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ imperfect (iterative)ἐξέρχομαι: 'come out'; the neuter plural subject takes a singular verb.
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
δαιμόνιαdemonsNominativesubjectδαιμόνιον: 'demon'.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveobject of ἀπό (substantival)πολύς: 'many'.
κραυγάζονταcrying outPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Neut · κραυγάζωadverbial participle (manner)→ present (concurrent)κραυγάζω: 'cry out, scream'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λέγονταsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Neut · λέγωadverbial participle (manner)→ present (concurrent)λέγω: 'say'.
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
ΣὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)σύ: emphatic 'you.'
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ stative present
theNominativearticle
υἱὸςSonNominativepredicate nominativeυἱός: 'Son'; the demons echo the baptismal and temptation title.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of relationshipθεός: God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιτιμῶνrebukingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐπιτιμάωadverbial participle (means/manner)→ present (concurrent)ἐπιτιμάω: 'rebuke'; he silences their testimony.
οὐκnotnegative particle
εἴαwould allowImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐάωmain verb→ imperfect (customary)ἐάω: 'allow, permit'; the imperfect = he kept not permitting.
αὐτὰthemAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Inf · λαλέωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitiveλαλέω: 'speak'.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ᾔδεισανthey knewPluperf Act Indic 3 Pl · οἶδαmain verb (causal clause)→ pluperfect-as-imperfect (stative)οἶδα: 'know'; the pluperfect of οἶδα functions as a past stative — 'they knew.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
χριστὸνChristAccusativeaccusative predicate (of εἶναι)χριστός: 'Anointed, Messiah'; the demons knew his messianic identity.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive (indirect discourse)→ present infinitiveεἰμί: 'be'.
42

Γενομένης δὲ ἡμέρας ἐξελθὼν ἐπορεύθη εἰς ἔρημον τόπον· καὶ οἱ ὄχλοι ἐπεζήτουν αὐτόν, καὶ ἦλθον ἕως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτῶν.

And when day came, he departed and went to a desolate place, and the crowds sought him and came to him, and would have kept him from leaving them.

Withdrawal / missionδέAt daybreak Jesus withdraws to solitude; the crowds, having found him, try to detain him — setting up his declaration of a wider mission.
Γενομένηςhaving comeAor Mid Ptc · Gen Sg Fem · γίνομαιgenitive absolute (temporal)→ antecedent aoristγίνομαι: 'come, happen'; 'when day came.'
δὲandcontinuative conjunction
ἡμέραςdayGenitivesubject of gen. absoluteἡμέρα: 'day, daylight'.
ἐξελθὼνgoing outAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐξέρχομαιadverbial participle (temporal)→ antecedent aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out, depart'.
ἐπορεύθηhe wentAor Pass(Dep) Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go, travel'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)
ἔρημονdesolateAccusativeattributive adjectiveἔρημος: 'deserted, desolate'.
τόπονplaceAccusativeobject of εἰςτόπος: 'place'; the solitary place of prayer/withdrawal.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
οἱtheNominativearticle
ὄχλοιcrowdsNominativesubjectὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude'.
ἐπεζήτουνsoughtImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιζητέωmain verb→ imperfect (durative)ἐπιζητέω: 'seek after, search for'; the intensive ἐπι- of earnest pursuit.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'.
ἕωςup toimproper preposition + genitiveἕως: 'as far as, up to'.
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of ἕως
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κατεῖχονtried to keepImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κατέχωmain verb→ conative imperfectκατέχω: 'hold back, restrain'; the conative imperfect — 'they tried to detain him.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object
τοῦfromGenitivearticle (governs articular infinitive)
μὴnotnegative (with infinitive)
πορεύεσθαιto goPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιgenitive articular infinitive (hindrance)→ present infinitiveπορεύομαι: 'go'; τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι = '[from] his going away.'
ἀπ’frompreposition + genitive (separation)
αὐτῶνthemGenitiveobject of ἀπό
43

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὅτι Καὶ ταῖς ἑτέραις πόλεσιν εὐαγγελίσασθαί με δεῖ τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅτι ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἀπεστάλην.

But he said to them, "I must proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns as well; for I was sent for this purpose."

Mission statementδέJesus' programmatic 'must' (δεῖ): his divine commission is to proclaim the kingdom of God widely — the gospel's content (the βασιλεία) and his sentness define his mission.
heNominativesubject (article as pronoun)ὁ δέ: 'but he.'
δὲbutadversative conjunction
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aorist
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (toward)
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of πρός
ὅτιthatrecitative ὅτι
Καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
ἑτέραιςotherDativeattributive adjectiveἕτερος: 'other, another'.
πόλεσινtownsDativedat. of indirect objectπόλις: 'city, town'.
εὐαγγελίσασθαίto proclaim good newsAor Mid Inf · εὐαγγελίζωinfinitive (subject of δεῖ)→ constative aoristεὐαγγελίζομαι: 'announce good news'; the same verb as the Isaiah mission (v.18).
μεme/IAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive
δεῖit is necessaryPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δεῖmain verb (impersonal)→ present (necessity)δεῖ: 'it is necessary'; the Lukan 'divine must' of Jesus' ordained mission (cf. 2:49; 9:22).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativedirect object of εὐαγγελίσασθαιβασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; the content of the good news — God's kingly rule.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦof GodGenitivepossessive/subjective genitiveθεός: God; 'the kingdom of God' — Luke's central proclamation.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἐπὶforpreposition + accusative (purpose)ἐπί: 'for'; ἐπὶ τοῦτο = 'for this purpose.'
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of ἐπί (purpose)
ἀπεστάληνI was sentAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (causal clause)→ constative aorist (divine passive)ἀποστέλλω: 'send with commission'; the divine passive — sent by the Father (cf. v.18).
44

καὶ ἦν κηρύσσων εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς τῆς Ἰουδαίας.

And he was preaching in the synagogues of Judea.

Summary closeκαίA summary of the continuing preaching tour. The harder, better-attested 'Judea' (rather than 'Galilee') is read; Luke uses 'Judea' broadly for the Jewish homeland — the kingdom-proclamation widens.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic)→ imperfect
κηρύσσωνpreachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κηρύσσωperiphrastic imperfect (with ἦν)→ present (durative)κηρύσσω: 'herald, preach'; ἦν κηρύσσων = 'he kept preaching' (customary).
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (= ἐν, place)εἰς: here for ἐν, 'in' (Koine overlap).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
συναγωγὰςsynagoguesAccusativeobject of εἰςσυναγωγή: 'synagogue'.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
ἸουδαίαςJudeaGenitivepossessive genitiveἸουδαία: Judea; in Luke often the whole land of the Jews — the harder reading, not 'Galilee.'