Luke 9 — Clausal Layout (English)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

Flush-left = a main (independent) clause. Each dependent line begins directly beneath the word it attaches to in the line above — the anchor word is dotted-underlined, and lights up when you hover its dependent clause; each tag also names the attachment. A dashed border marks verbless, elliptical, or suspended lines. Where a long sentence's staircase runs wider than the page, the diagram scrolls sideways. (In print, or without JavaScript, lines fall back to stepped indent columns.)

The Twelve sent out 9:1–6

vv. 1–2 — power and authority given, the sending

And having called together the Twelve,participial — preposed aorist participle — leans on ἔδωκεν; middle voice: he gathers them to himself

he gave them power and authority over all the demonsindependent — δύναμις and ἐξουσία together — capability and warrant, Jesus' own equipment delegated

and to cure diseases,content — epexegetic infinitive defining the grant — exorcism and healing paired

and he sent them outindependent — ἀποστέλλω — the verb behind ἀπόστολος (v. 10)

to proclaim the kingdom of Godpurpose — purpose infinitive — the twofold ministry, word first

and to heal the sick,purpose — the paired purpose infinitive — deed beside word

vv. 3–5 — the travel rule: take nothing, stay put, shake the dust

And he said to them:independent — Lukan πρός of address — the instructions open

'Take nothing for the road — neither staff nor bag nor bread nor money —content — radical dependence — stricter than Mark 6:8, where a staff is allowed

nor have two tunics each.content — shift to infinitive continuing the prohibition — distributive ἀνά, 'apiece'

And whatever house you enter,conditional — indefinite relative with conditional force (typed cnd) — leans forward on μένετε

stay therecontent — one base per town — no upgrading lodgings

and depart from there.content — the stay bounded — from that house the town is left

And as for any who do not receive you,conditional — indefinite relative, conditional in force (typed cnd) — casus pendens leaning on ἀποτινάσσετε

when you leave that townparticipial — preposed circumstantial — the gesture made in the act of leaving

shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them.'content — the prophetic sign — ἐπ' αὐτούς tilts μαρτύριον toward 'against' (cf. Mark 6:11)

v. 6 — the mission executed

And going out,participial — preposed participle — leans on διήρχοντο

they passed through the villages,independent — iterative imperfect with distributive κατά — village by village

preaching the gospel and healing everywhere.participial — manner participles — the commission of vv. 1–2 performed to the letter

Herod's question 9:7–9

vv. 7–8 — three rumors and a perplexed tetrarch

Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was happening,independent — the court hears — Luke's precise title, tetrarch, not Mark's 'king'

and he was perplexed,independent — durative imperfect of διαπορέω — thoroughly at a loss

because of its being said by somecause — διά + articular infinitive of cause — the rumor mill itself is the ground

that John had been raised from the dead,content — first rumor — resurrection language, ominous for the man who beheaded him

and by some that Elijah had appeared,content — second rumor — the Elijah expectation (Mal 4:5); the agent phrase carries over elliptically

and by others that one of the old prophets had risen.content — third rumor — bare genitive ἄλλων, the ὑπό now dropped; the same triad returns at v. 19

v. 9 — 'John I beheaded; who is this?'

And Herod said:independent — the tetrarch's own verdict on the rumors

'John I beheaded;content — fronted object and emphatic ἐγώ — that case is closed; Luke never narrates the beheading itself

but who is this,content — the chapter's governing question — answered at v. 20 and v. 35

about whom I hear such things?'relative — the reports keep arriving — present ἀκούω

And he kept seeking to see him.independent — conative imperfect — a seeking granted only at 23:8, before the mockery

The feeding of the five thousand 9:10–17

vv. 10–11 — the return, the withdrawal, the crowds welcomed

And the apostles, returning,participial — preposed aorist participle — leans on διηγήσαντο; ὑποστρέφω, Luke's favorite return-verb

told himindependent — the mission report — the frame of vv. 1–6 closes

all that they had done.relative — headless relative as object — the deeds, not yet the understanding

And taking them along,participial — preposed participle — leans on ὑπεχώρησεν

he withdrew privately to a town called Bethsaida.independent — Βηθσαϊδά printed against the harmonizing 'desolate place' — yet v. 12 still assumes wilderness; the old tangle stands

But the crowds, learning of it, followed him;independent — the privacy fails — γνόντες kept inside the clause, the crowd's one swift move

and welcoming them,participial — preposed participle — leans on ἐλάλει; ἀποδέχομαι, the warm reception the interruption did not earn

he was speaking to them about the kingdom of God,independent — durative imperfect — the apostles' own commission (v. 2) resumed by the sender

and those needing healing he cured.independent — fronted object — word and cure again in tandem; iterative imperfect

vv. 12–14a — 'send them away' / 'you give them something to eat'

Now the day began to decline,independent — the clock starts the crisis — κλίνειν returns at Emmaus (24:29)

and the Twelve, coming up,participial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπαν

said to him:independent — the sensible proposal opens

'Send the crowd away,content — the imperative of dismissal — the Twelve manage the problem by removing it

so that going into the surrounding villages and farms they may find lodging and provisions,purpose — the logistics — the crowd to buy for itself what the Twelve were told not to carry

for here we are in a desolate place.'cause — the ground — ἔρημος despite v. 10's 'town': the wilderness of the manna

But he said to them:independent — the counter-proposal

'You give them something to eat.'content — emphatic ὑμεῖς — the just-commissioned Twelve are handed the impossibility

And they said:independent — the inventory objection

'We have no more than five loaves and two fish —content — the counted stock — dative of possession; five and two, soon twelve baskets

unless we are to go and buy food for all this people.'conditional — εἰ μήτι — backward-leaning exceptive protasis (hence anchored); deliberative subjunctive, meant as absurd

For there were about five thousand men.cause — narrator's γάρ-aside grounding the absurdity — on εἶπαν as the speech it explains

vv. 14b–17 — seated in companies, blessed, broken, twelve baskets over

And he said to his disciples:independent — the order that organizes the miracle

'Have them recline in groups of about fifty each.'content — κλισίας — banqueting companies; distributive ἀνά again (v. 3)

And they did so,independent — exact compliance

and had them all recline.independent — the wilderness set as a banquet hall

And taking the five loaves and the two fish,participial — preposed participle — leans on εὐλόγησεν; the fourfold took–blessed–broke–gave anticipates 22:19 and 24:30

looking up to heaven,participial — second preposed participle — the posture of blessing

he blessed themindependent — the blessing spoken over the little stock

and broke themindependent — the breaking — punctual aorist

and kept giving them to the disciplesindependent — iterative imperfect against the aorists — the supply does not stop

to set before the crowd.purpose — purpose infinitive — the Twelve become the waiters: they do feed them

And they ateindependent — the meal itself, one verb

and all were satisfied,independent — χορτάζω — filled to satisfaction; the blessing of 6:21 enacted

and what was left over to them of fragments was taken up — twelve baskets.independent — twelve baskets for twelve distributors — abundance outrunning the arithmetic of v. 13

Peter's confession, the passion foretold, the cross taken up daily 9:18–27

vv. 18–20 — the question put in prayer, and the answer

And it happened, while he was praying alone,phrase modifier — Lukan ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ frame — only Luke sets the confession in prayer; leans forward on συνῆσαν

that the disciples were with him,independent — alone yet accompanied — Luke's typical prayer-solitude with witnesses

and he questioned them, saying:independent — the examination opens — pleonastic λέγων as speech-frame

'Who do the crowds say that I am?'content — Herod's question (v. 9) handed to the disciples — proleptic με

And they, answering, said:independent — the poll reported

'John the Baptist;content — verbless — the rumor-triad of vv. 7–8 verbatim

but others, Elijah;content — verbless — the second rumor

and others, that one of the old prophets has risen.'content — the third rumor, now with its ὅτι and finite verb

And he said to them:independent — the question turned

'But you — who do you say that I am?'content — emphatic fronted Ὑμεῖς — the crowds' answers will not do

And Peter, answering, said:independent — Peter for the Twelve

'The Christ of God.'content — verbless confession — Luke's form: the Anointed who belongs to God (cf. 2:26; 23:35)

vv. 21–22 — silence commanded, the Son of Man's path announced

But he, charging them sternly,participial — preposed participle — ἐπιτιμάω, the rebuke-verb, here guarding the title; leans on παρήγγειλεν

commanded them to tell this to no one,independent — the messianic silence — the title is true but not yet speakable

saying:participial — the participle that carries the first passion prediction, with recitative ὅτι

'The Son of Man must suffer many thingscontent — Δεῖ — Luke's divine necessity; the confession corrected by the cross

and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribescontent — ἀποδοκιμάζω — the rejected stone (Ps 118:22; Luke 20:17); the whole Sanhedrin in three nouns

and be killed,content — the bare verb of death — third coordinate infinitive under Δεῖ

and on the third day be raised.'content — the fourth infinitive — passive ἐγερθῆναι, God the raiser

vv. 23–27 — to all: the cross daily, the saved-lost life, the unashamed Son of Man

And he was saying to all:independent — iterative imperfect and πρὸς πάντας — the discipleship catena is for everyone, not the Twelve only

'If anyone wishes to come after me,conditional — protasis leaning forward on the imperatives below

let him deny himselfcontent — the first third-person imperative — the self refused

and take up his cross daily,content — καθ' ἡμέραν — Luke's firm addition against the parallels: the cross as daily practice

and follow me.content — the following — durative present imperative after the aorists

For whoever wishes to save his life,conditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — leans forward on ἀπολέσει

will lose it,content — the paradox, first half — ψυχή as the life one grips

but whoever loses his life for my sake,conditional — the mirror protasis — ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, the loss qualified

he will save it.content — resumptive οὗτος — the verbs of the protases exchanged

For what is a man profited,content — the ledger question — γάρ grounding v. 24 in profit-and-loss language

having gained the whole worldparticipial — conditional participle — the maximal gain

but having lost or forfeited himself?participial — Luke's sharpening — not 'his soul' but ἑαυτόν, the self itself; ζημιόω, a commercial write-off

For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words,conditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — shame, the social cost of the cross

of him the Son of Man will be ashamedcontent — resumptive τοῦτον fronted — the shame returned in kind at the judgment

when he comes in his glory and that of the Father and of the holy angels.conditional — temporal ὅταν (typed cnd; anchored, following its verb) — a threefold glory

But I tell you truly,content — the solemn asseveration — Luke's ἀληθῶς for ἀμήν

there are some of those standing herecontent — the bystanders named — αὐτοῦ the adverb, 'here'

who will by no means taste deathrelative — emphatic οὐ μή with subjunctive — the strongest denial

until they see the kingdom of God.'conditional — temporal ἕως ἄν (typed cnd; anchored) — fulfilled within eight days, the layout implies, at the Transfiguration

The Transfiguration 9:28–36

vv. 28–31 — up the mountain to pray; the face changed; the two speak of his exodus

Now it happened, about eight days after these words,independent — the time-frame nominative after ἐγένετο — 'these words' ties the glory to the passion prediction

that taking Peter and John and James,participial — preposed participle — leans on ἀνέβη; the inner three, John before James in Luke's order

he went up on the mountainindependent — the ascent — the mountain of revelation

to pray.purpose — purpose infinitive — only Luke makes prayer the purpose of the climb

And it happened, as he was praying, that the appearance of his face became different,independent — the change comes in the praying — Luke avoids μετεμορφώθη; ἕτερον, simply 'other'

and his clothing dazzling white.independent — verbless continuation — ἐξαστράπτων, lightning-white (cf. 24:4)

And behold, two men were talking with him,independent — ἰδού — the narrative gasp; 'two men' returns at the tomb and the ascension (24:4; Acts 1:10)

who were Moses and Elijah,relative — the law and the prophets in person

who, appearing in glory, were speaking of his departure,relative — only Luke gives the conversation's topic — ἔξοδος: death, resurrection, and ascension as one exodus

which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.relative — πληροῦν — the exodus is fulfilled, not suffered; Jerusalem named as the goal (v. 51)

vv. 32–33 — the drowsy witnesses and Peter's three tents

Now Peter and those with him were weighed down with sleep,independent — periphrastic pluperfect — the same heaviness as Gethsemane (22:45)

but having fully awakened,participial — preposed participle — leans on εἶδον; διαγρηγορέω, wide awake: what follows is not a dream

they saw his glory and the two men standing with him.independent — τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ — the promise of v. 27 kept: some see the kingdom

And it happened, as they were parting from him,phrase modifier — ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ frame again — Peter speaks to prevent the departure; leans on εἶπεν

that Peter said to Jesus:independent — the proposal

'Master, it is good for us to be here;content — Ἐπιστάτα — Luke's address in place of 'Rabbi'

let us make three tents, one for you and one for Moses and one for Elijah' —content — hortatory subjunctive — three equal booths for three unequal figures: the error the voice will correct

not knowing what he was saying.participial — the narrator's verdict on the proposal — appended to the verb of speech it disarms

vv. 34–36 — the cloud, the voice, the silence

But while he was saying these things,participial — genitive absolute — the interruption arrives mid-sentence; leans on ἐγένετο

a cloud cameindependent — the Sinai cloud (Exod 24:15–18) — the answer to the tent-proposal is God's own tent

and was overshadowing them,independent — ἐπισκιάζω — the verb of the shekinah (Exod 40:35) and of the annunciation (1:35)

and they were afraid as they entered the cloud.independent — ἐν τῷ + infinitive inside the clause — fear at the threshold of the presence

And a voice came from the cloud, saying:independent — the bat qol — the baptismal voice (3:22) now addressed to the disciples

'This is my Son, the Chosen One;content — ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος printed with the earliest witnesses against the harmonizing ὁ ἀγαπητός — Isa 42:1's elect servant

listen to him.'content — Deut 18:15 — the prophet like Moses; fronted αὐτοῦ: him, not the tents' other two

And when the voice had come,phrase modifier — ἐν τῷ + aorist infinitive — the moment the voice ceases; leans on εὑρέθη

Jesus was found alone.independent — μόνος — the law and the prophets withdrawn into the one to be heard

And they kept silentindependent — the silence kept — in Luke their own, not commanded

and told no one in those days anything of what they had seen.independent — double negative with attracted relative ὧν — the vision sealed until after the rising

The boy with the unclean spirit; the second prediction 9:37–45

vv. 37–40 — down the mountain: the father's plea

Now it happened, on the next day,independent — the ἐγένετο-frame — glory above, demons below, one day apart

when they had come down from the mountain,participial — genitive absolute — leans on συνήντησεν

that a large crowd met him.independent — the waiting world — the descent lands in the crowd

And behold, a man from the crowd cried out,independent — ἰδού again — one voice out of the many

saying:participial — pleonastic speech-participle — the frame for the plea

'Teacher, I beg youcontent — δέομαι — the language of petition-prayer

to look upon my son,content — complement infinitive — ἐπιβλέπω, the merciful regard (1:48)

for he is my only child;cause — μονογενής — Luke's repeated pathos: the only son (7:12), the only daughter (8:42)

and behold, a spirit seizes him,content — the symptoms in vivid presents — the seizure described from inside the household's dread

and suddenly it cries out,content — ἐξαίφνης — the attacks come without warning

and it convulses him with foaming,content — σπαράσσω — the convulsion-verb of Mark 1:26

and it scarcely departs from him,content — μόγις — even the remissions are grudging

crushing him;participial — concurrent participle — the going out itself does damage

and I begged your disciplescontent — the same verb of petition, now spent on the disciples

to cast it out,purpose — ἵνα-clause of the entreated content

and they could not.'content — the failure — the power of v. 1 unavailing, with the master on the mountain

vv. 41–43a — the lament, the rebuke, the healing

And Jesus, answering,participial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπεν

said:independent — the reply that laments before it heals

'O faithless and perverse generation,content — verbless apostrophe — Deut 32:5's twisted generation; the address overshoots the father to the age

how long shall I be with you and bear with you?content — the prophet's weariness — the sojourn has a term (v. 51 will name it)

Bring your son here.'content — the lament pivots to command — the case is taken

And while he was still coming,participial — genitive absolute — the last assault en route; leans on ἔρρηξεν

the demon threw him downindependent — ῥήγνυμι — dashed to the ground before all

and convulsed him;independent — the compounded convulsion-verb — the spirit's exit display

but Jesus rebuked the unclean spiritindependent — ἐπετίμησεν — the exorcism-rebuke (4:35), one verb against the spectacle

and healed the boyindependent — ἰάομαι — Luke the physician's verb

and gave him back to his father.independent — ἀπέδωκεν — as at Nain (7:15): the healing completed as restoration

And they were all astonished at the majesty of God.independent — μεγαλειότης — the credit passed to God; the crowd's climax, and the foil for what follows

vv. 43b–45 — while all marvel: the second prediction, not understood

But while everyone was marveling at all the things he was doing,participial — genitive absolute with attracted relative οἷς — the warning timed against the applause; leans on εἶπεν

he said to his disciples:independent — to the disciples only — the crowd keeps its marvel

'You — put these words into your ears:content — emphatic ὑμεῖς against πάντων — a Semitic idiom of deliberate hearing

for the Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men.'content — the words to be stored — παραδίδοσθαι, the handing-over verb; υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου into χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, the wordplay

But they did not understand this saying,independent — the incomprehension — durative imperfect

and it was concealed from them,independent — periphrastic pluperfect — a veiling, agent unnamed (the divine passive left open)

so that they might not perceive it,purpose — ἵνα μή — purpose or result of the veiling, the classic crux glossed, not decided

and they were afraidindependent — the fear that prefers not to know

to ask him about this saying.content — complement infinitive — the question not asked until the risen one answers it (24:25–27)

Who is greatest; the strange exorcist 9:46–50

vv. 46–48 — the argument answered with a child

Now an argument entered among them,independent — διαλογισμός — in Luke almost always a hostile or errant reasoning; it 'enters' like an intruder

as to which of them might be greatest.content — articular indirect question with potential optative — Luke's literary syntax; rank, straight after the passion word

But Jesus, knowing the argument of their hearts,participial — preposed participle — the debate never spoken aloud to him; leans on ἔστησεν

taking hold of a child,participial — second preposed participle — the answer is an object lesson, not a speech first

set it beside himself,independent — παρ' ἑαυτῷ — the lowest-status person placed at the seat of honor

and said to them:independent — the saying that reads the sign

'Whoever receives this child in my nameconditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — δέχομαι, the hospitality verb; leans forward on δέχεται

receives me,content — the identification — the child stands proxy for the Christ

and whoever receives meconditional — the chain's second protasis — leaning forward again

receives the one who sent me;content — the chain completed — child, Christ, Sender: hospitality runs all the way up

for the one who is least among you all — this one is great.'content — casus pendens resumed by οὗτος — μικρότερος, the comparative doing superlative work; the argument of v. 46 inverted

vv. 49–50 — 'do not forbid him'

And John, answering,participial — preposed participle — 'answering' the saying about the name; leans on εἶπεν

said:independent — the confession of the silencing

'Master, we saw someone casting out demons in your name,content — the outsider succeeds where the disciples failed (v. 40) — ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, the phrase of v. 48

and we tried to stop him,content — conative imperfect — the attempted prohibition

because he does not follow with us.'cause — μεθ' ἡμῶν — not 'follow you' but 'with us': the group's boundary, not the master's

But Jesus said to him:independent — the correction

'Do not forbid him;content — μή + present imperative — stop the stopping

for whoever is not against youconditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — leaning forward on the maxim's apodosis

is for you.'content — the generous maxim — καθ' ὑμῶν / ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; its stricter twin waits at 11:23

The face set toward Jerusalem — the Samaritan village 9:51–56

v. 51 — the hinge of the Gospel: the travel narrative begins

Now it happened, as the days of his being taken up were being fulfilled,phrase modifier — ἀνάλημψις — the taking-up: cross, resurrection, ascension as one event; συμπληροῦσθαι, the days filling like a measure; leans on ἐστήρισεν

that he himself set his faceindependent — the Septuagintal idiom (Isa 50:7; Ezek 21:2) — resolve made visible; emphatic αὐτός

to go to Jerusalem.purpose — τοῦ + infinitive of purpose — the destination that governs the next ten chapters

vv. 52–53 — the village that would not receive him

And he sent messengers before his face.independent — πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ — the herald-formula of 7:27, the face-word repeated

And going,participial — preposed participle — leans on εἰσῆλθον

they entered a village of the Samaritans,independent — Samaria on the route — the old schism about the true place of worship in the background

so as to make ready for him;purpose — ὡς + infinitive of purpose — advance lodging for the traveling company

and they did not receive him,independent — δέχομαι refused — the hospitality verb of v. 48 negated; the rejection foreseen in v. 5

because his face was set toward Jerusalem.cause — periphrastic — the Samaritans read the face of v. 51 exactly, and reject the destination, not the man only

vv. 54–56 — fire refused; on to another village

And the disciples James and John, seeing it,participial — preposed participle — the sons of thunder living up to the name (Mark 3:17); leans on εἶπαν

said:independent — the offer of judgment

'Lord, do you want uscontent — the deferential frame around a violent proposal

to tell fire to come down from heaven and consume them?'content — asyndetic deliberative subjunctive after θέλεις — Elijah's fire (2 Kgs 1:10, 12); the gloss 'as Elijah did' is a later expansion, not read

But turning,participial — preposed participle — Luke's στραφείς, the full-face turn; leans on ἐπετίμησεν

he rebuked them.independent — the short text — the rebuke-verb used on demons (v. 42) turned on the Twelve; 'you do not know what spirit you are of' is a later expansion, absent from the earliest witnesses

And they went on to another village.independent — the whole response — no fire, only the road continued

Three would-be followers 9:57–62

vv. 57–58 — the volunteer: nowhere to lay his head

And as they were going along the road,participial — genitive absolute — ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ: the travel narrative's own setting; leans on εἶπέν

someone said to him:independent — the first, a volunteer — anonymous, as all three are

'I will follow youcontent — the unconditional pledge — offered, not asked for

wherever you go.'conditional — indefinite local clause with ἐάν (typed cnd; anchored, following its verb) — 'wherever' about to be priced

And Jesus said to him:independent — the answer that names the cost

'The foxes have dens,content — the proverb's first term — even the scavengers are housed

and the birds of the sky, nests,content — elliptical — ἔχουσιν carried over; κατασκηνώσεις, roosting-places

but the Son of Man has no placecontent — the contrast — the one being followed is homeless on his own road

where he may lay his head.'content — indirect deliberative question — κλίνῃ echoes the declining day of v. 12; no Samaritan village, no den, no nest

vv. 59–60 — the summoned: let the dead bury their dead

And he said to another:independent — the second is called, not volunteering

'Follow me.'content — the bare summons — the call of 5:27 repeated on the road

But he said:independent — the deferral

'Lord, permit mecontent — the request for leave — filial piety, the weightiest duty imaginable

first to go and bury my father.content — complement infinitive with dative participle ἀπελθόντι — πρῶτον: the kingdom asked to wait

But he said to him:independent — the hard answer

'Leave the dead to bury their own dead;content — the double νεκρούς — the (spiritually) dead can manage the (bodily) dead

but you, going off, proclaim everywhere the kingdom of God.content — emphatic σύ with his own ἀπελθών handed back — διαγγέλλω, the mission of vv. 2, 6 laid on him

vv. 61–62 — the third: no hand to the plow and looking back

And another also said:independent — the third — a volunteer again, with a condition

'I will follow you, Lord;content — the pledge of v. 57 repeated — now with a πρῶτον attached

but first permit mecontent — the same πρῶτον, the same ἐπίτρεψον as v. 59 — the farewell of Elisha (1 Kgs 19:20) in view

to say farewell to those in my house.content — complement infinitive — ἀποτάσσομαι, the formal leave-taking Elijah allowed

But Jesus said to him:independent — the reply that outdoes Elijah

'No one who has put his hand to the plow and keeps looking back is fit for the kingdom of God.'content — one long clause kept whole — aorist ἐπιβαλών, present βλέπων: the grip taken, the glance ongoing; εὔθετος, 'well-placed, fit'; the plowman's furrow closes the chapter of the set face

Analysis. Luke 9 gathers the climax of the Galilean ministry and then opens the travel narrative, and the layout shows both movements. Through v. 50 the page reads like Mark improved: flush-left purple mainlines, one event per line, with Luke's fingerprints in the indents — preposed aorist participles and genitive absolutes leaning forward, anchorless, on the verb below (Συγκαλεσάμενος, παραλαβών, Πάντων δὲ θαυμαζόντων), and the Semitic ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ + infinitive time-frames Luke loves (vv. 18, 28–29, 33, 36, 51). Speech hangs blue (cnt) beneath its verb of saying throughout: Herod's three-report perplexity under the articular λέγεσθαι, the feeding dialogue, the confession exchange, the father's plea running six clauses under one λέγων. The discipleship sayings of vv. 23–27 stack as a catena under a single iterative Ἔλεγεν, their indefinite-relative protases (ὃς γὰρ ἄν…) treated as forward-leaning conditionals above their apodoses. Cruxes the text takes and the tags name: v. 10 prints εἰς πόλιν καλουμένην Βηθσαϊδά against the harmonizing 'desolate place'; v. 23 keeps Luke's distinctive καθ' ἡμέραν — the cross taken up daily; v. 35 reads ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος, 'the Chosen One,' with the earliest witnesses against the Synoptic-harmonizing ὁ ἀγαπητός; and at vv. 54–56 the short text stands — no 'as Elijah did,' no 'you do not know what spirit you are of' — so the rebuke of the fire-callers is one bare verb, ἐπετίμησεν. The chapter's hinge is glossed rather than resolved: Moses and Elijah speak of his ἔξοδος (v. 31), the days of his ἀνάλημψις are being fulfilled (v. 51), and αὐτὸς τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστήρισεν — the set face the Samaritans of v. 53 read correctly — before the road-scene triptych of vv. 57–62 ends the chapter at the plow.