Luke 9 — Clausal Layout (Greek)

independentparticipialrelativepurposecausecontentconditionalphrase modifierdashed = verbless / suspended

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The Twelve sent out 9:1–6

vv. 1–2 — power and authority given, the sending

Συγκαλεσάμενος δὲ τοὺς δώδεκαparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on ἔδωκεν; middle voice: he gathers them to himself

ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ δαιμόνιαindependent — δύναμις and ἐξουσία together — capability and warrant, Jesus' own equipment delegated

καὶ νόσους θεραπεύειν,content — epexegetic infinitive defining the grant — exorcism and healing paired

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺςindependent — ἀποστέλλω — the verb behind ἀπόστολος (v. 10)

κηρύσσειν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦpurpose — purpose infinitive — the twofold ministry, word first

καὶ ἰᾶσθαι τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς,purpose — the paired purpose infinitive — deed beside word

vv. 3–5 — the travel rule: take nothing, stay put, shake the dust

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — Lukan πρός of address — the instructions open

Μηδὲν αἴρετε εἰς τὴν ὁδόν, μήτε ῥάβδον μήτε πήραν μήτε ἄρτον μήτε ἀργύριον,content — radical dependence — stricter than Mark 6:8, where a staff is allowed

μήτε ἀνὰ δύο χιτῶνας ἔχειν.content — shift to infinitive continuing the prohibition — distributive ἀνά, 'apiece'

καὶ εἰς ἣν ἂν οἰκίαν εἰσέλθητε,conditional — indefinite relative with conditional force (typed cnd) — leans forward on μένετε

ἐκεῖ μένετεcontent — one base per town — no upgrading lodgings

καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐξέρχεσθε.content — the stay bounded — from that house the town is left

καὶ ὅσοι ἂν μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς,conditional — indefinite relative, conditional in force (typed cnd) — casus pendens leaning on ἀποτινάσσετε

ἐξερχόμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνηςparticipial — preposed circumstantial — the gesture made in the act of leaving

τὸν κονιορτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἀποτινάσσετε εἰς μαρτύριον ἐπ' αὐτούς.content — the prophetic sign — ἐπ' αὐτούς tilts μαρτύριον toward 'against' (cf. Mark 6:11)

v. 6 — the mission executed

ἐξερχόμενοι δὲparticipial — preposed participle — leans on διήρχοντο

διήρχοντο κατὰ τὰς κώμαςindependent — iterative imperfect with distributive κατά — village by village

εὐαγγελιζόμενοι καὶ θεραπεύοντες πανταχοῦ.participial — manner participles — the commission of vv. 1–2 performed to the letter

Herod's question 9:7–9

vv. 7–8 — three rumors and a perplexed tetrarch

Ἤκουσεν δὲ Ἡρῴδης ὁ τετραάρχης τὰ γινόμενα πάντα,independent — the court hears — Luke's precise title, tetrarch, not Mark's 'king'

καὶ διηπόρειindependent — durative imperfect of διαπορέω — thoroughly at a loss

διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινωνcause — διά + articular infinitive of cause — the rumor mill itself is the ground

ὅτι Ἰωάννης ἠγέρθη ἐκ νεκρῶν,content — first rumor — resurrection language, ominous for the man who beheaded him

ὑπό τινων δὲ ὅτι Ἠλίας ἐφάνη,content — second rumor — the Elijah expectation (Mal 4:5); the agent phrase carries over elliptically

ἄλλων δὲ ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη.content — third rumor — bare genitive ἄλλων, the ὑπό now dropped; the same triad returns at v. 19

v. 9 — 'John I beheaded; who is this?'

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Ἡρῴδης·independent — the tetrarch's own verdict on the rumors

Ἰωάννην ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα·content — fronted object and emphatic ἐγώ — that case is closed; Luke never narrates the beheading itself

τίς δέ ἐστιν οὗτοςcontent — the chapter's governing question — answered at v. 20 and v. 35

περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα;relative — the reports keep arriving — present ἀκούω

καὶ ἐζήτει ἰδεῖν αὐτόν.independent — conative imperfect — a seeking granted only at 23:8, before the mockery

The feeding of the five thousand 9:10–17

vv. 10–11 — the return, the withdrawal, the crowds welcomed

Καὶ ὑποστρέψαντες οἱ ἀπόστολοιparticipial — preposed aorist participle — leans on διηγήσαντο; ὑποστρέφω, Luke's favorite return-verb

διηγήσαντο αὐτῷindependent — the mission report — the frame of vv. 1–6 closes

ὅσα ἐποίησαν.relative — headless relative as object — the deeds, not yet the understanding

καὶ παραλαβὼν αὐτοὺςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ὑπεχώρησεν

ὑπεχώρησεν κατ' ἰδίαν εἰς πόλιν καλουμένην Βηθσαϊδά.independent — Βηθσαϊδά printed against the harmonizing 'desolate place' — yet v. 12 still assumes wilderness; the old tangle stands

οἱ δὲ ὄχλοι γνόντες ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ·independent — the privacy fails — γνόντες kept inside the clause, the crowd's one swift move

καὶ ἀποδεξάμενος αὐτοὺςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἐλάλει; ἀποδέχομαι, the warm reception the interruption did not earn

ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ,independent — durative imperfect — the apostles' own commission (v. 2) resumed by the sender

καὶ τοὺς χρείαν ἔχοντας θεραπείας ἰᾶτο.independent — fronted object — word and cure again in tandem; iterative imperfect

vv. 12–14a — 'send them away' / 'you give them something to eat'

Ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν·independent — the clock starts the crisis — κλίνειν returns at Emmaus (24:29)

προσελθόντες δὲ οἱ δώδεκαparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπαν

εἶπαν αὐτῷ·independent — the sensible proposal opens

Ἀπόλυσον τὸν ὄχλον,content — the imperative of dismissal — the Twelve manage the problem by removing it

ἵνα πορευθέντες εἰς τὰς κύκλῳ κώμας καὶ ἀγροὺς καταλύσωσιν καὶ εὕρωσιν ἐπισιτισμόν,purpose — the logistics — the crowd to buy for itself what the Twelve were told not to carry

ὅτι ὧδε ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ ἐσμέν.cause — the ground — ἔρημος despite v. 10's 'town': the wilderness of the manna

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς·independent — the counter-proposal

Δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν.content — emphatic ὑμεῖς — the just-commissioned Twelve are handed the impossibility

οἱ δὲ εἶπαν·independent — the inventory objection

Οὐκ εἰσὶν ἡμῖν πλεῖον ἢ ἄρτοι πέντε καὶ ἰχθύες δύο,content — the counted stock — dative of possession; five and two, soon twelve baskets

εἰ μήτι πορευθέντες ἡμεῖς ἀγοράσωμεν εἰς πάντα τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον βρώματα.conditional — εἰ μήτι — backward-leaning exceptive protasis (hence anchored); deliberative subjunctive, meant as absurd

ἦσαν γὰρ ὡσεὶ ἄνδρες πεντακισχίλιοι.cause — narrator's γάρ-aside grounding the absurdity — on εἶπαν as the speech it explains

vv. 14b–17 — seated in companies, blessed, broken, twelve baskets over

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ·independent — the order that organizes the miracle

Κατακλίνατε αὐτοὺς κλισίας ὡσεὶ ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα.content — κλισίας — banqueting companies; distributive ἀνά again (v. 3)

καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτωςindependent — exact compliance

καὶ κατέκλιναν ἅπαντας.independent — the wilderness set as a banquet hall

λαβὼν δὲ τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας,participial — preposed participle — leans on εὐλόγησεν; the fourfold took–blessed–broke–gave anticipates 22:19 and 24:30

ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸνparticipial — second preposed participle — the posture of blessing

εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺςindependent — the blessing spoken over the little stock

καὶ κατέκλασενindependent — the breaking — punctual aorist

καὶ ἐδίδου τοῖς μαθηταῖςindependent — iterative imperfect against the aorists — the supply does not stop

παραθεῖναι τῷ ὄχλῳ.purpose — purpose infinitive — the Twelve become the waiters: they do feed them

καὶ ἔφαγονindependent — the meal itself, one verb

καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν πάντες,independent — χορτάζω — filled to satisfaction; the blessing of 6:21 enacted

καὶ ἤρθη τὸ περισσεῦσαν αὐτοῖς κλασμάτων κόφινοι δώδεκα.independent — twelve baskets for twelve distributors — abundance outrunning the arithmetic of v. 13

Peter's confession, the passion foretold, the cross taken up daily 9:18–27

vv. 18–20 — the question put in prayer, and the answer

Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν προσευχόμενον κατὰ μόναςphrase modifier — Lukan ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ frame — only Luke sets the confession in prayer; leans forward on συνῆσαν

συνῆσαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταί,independent — alone yet accompanied — Luke's typical prayer-solitude with witnesses

καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτοὺς λέγων·independent — the examination opens — pleonastic λέγων as speech-frame

Τίνα με λέγουσιν οἱ ὄχλοι εἶναι;content — Herod's question (v. 9) handed to the disciples — proleptic με

οἱ δὲ ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν·independent — the poll reported

Ἰωάννην τὸν βαπτιστήν,content — verbless — the rumor-triad of vv. 7–8 verbatim

ἄλλοι δὲ Ἠλίαν,content — verbless — the second rumor

ἄλλοι δὲ ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη.content — the third rumor, now with its ὅτι and finite verb

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς·independent — the question turned

Ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι;content — emphatic fronted Ὑμεῖς — the crowds' answers will not do

Πέτρος δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν·independent — Peter for the Twelve

Τὸν χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ.content — verbless confession — Luke's form: the Anointed who belongs to God (cf. 2:26; 23:35)

vv. 21–22 — silence commanded, the Son of Man's path announced

ὁ δὲ ἐπιτιμήσας αὐτοῖςparticipial — preposed participle — ἐπιτιμάω, the rebuke-verb, here guarding the title; leans on παρήγγειλεν

παρήγγειλεν μηδενὶ λέγειν τοῦτο,independent — the messianic silence — the title is true but not yet speakable

εἰπὼν ὅτιparticipial — the participle that carries the first passion prediction, with recitative ὅτι

Δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ παθεῖνcontent — Δεῖ — Luke's divine necessity; the confession corrected by the cross

καὶ ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ ἀρχιερέων καὶ γραμματέωνcontent — ἀποδοκιμάζω — the rejected stone (Ps 118:22; Luke 20:17); the whole Sanhedrin in three nouns

καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναιcontent — the bare verb of death — third coordinate infinitive under Δεῖ

καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι.content — the fourth infinitive — passive ἐγερθῆναι, God the raiser

vv. 23–27 — to all: the cross daily, the saved-lost life, the unashamed Son of Man

Ἔλεγεν δὲ πρὸς πάντας·independent — iterative imperfect and πρὸς πάντας — the discipleship catena is for everyone, not the Twelve only

Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι,conditional — protasis leaning forward on the imperatives below

ἀρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸνcontent — the first third-person imperative — the self refused

καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ' ἡμέραν,content — καθ' ἡμέραν — Luke's firm addition against the parallels: the cross as daily practice

καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι.content — the following — durative present imperative after the aorists

ὃς γὰρ ἂν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι,conditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — leans forward on ἀπολέσει

ἀπολέσει αὐτήν·content — the paradox, first half — ψυχή as the life one grips

ὃς δ' ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ,conditional — the mirror protasis — ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, the loss qualified

οὗτος σώσει αὐτήν.content — resumptive οὗτος — the verbs of the protases exchanged

τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωποςcontent — the ledger question — γάρ grounding v. 24 in profit-and-loss language

κερδήσας τὸν κόσμον ὅλονparticipial — conditional participle — the maximal gain

ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς;participial — Luke's sharpening — not 'his soul' but ἑαυτόν, the self itself; ζημιόω, a commercial write-off

ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους,conditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — shame, the social cost of the cross

τοῦτον ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται,content — resumptive τοῦτον fronted — the shame returned in kind at the judgment

ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων.conditional — temporal ὅταν (typed cnd; anchored, following its verb) — a threefold glory

λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ἀληθῶς,content — the solemn asseveration — Luke's ἀληθῶς for ἀμήν

εἰσίν τινες τῶν αὐτοῦ ἑστηκότωνcontent — the bystanders named — αὐτοῦ the adverb, 'here'

οἳ οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτουrelative — emphatic οὐ μή with subjunctive — the strongest denial

ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.conditional — temporal ἕως ἄν (typed cnd; anchored) — fulfilled within eight days, the layout implies, at the Transfiguration

The Transfiguration 9:28–36

vv. 28–31 — up the mountain to pray; the face changed; the two speak of his exodus

Ἐγένετο δὲ μετὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους ὡσεὶ ἡμέραι ὀκτὼindependent — the time-frame nominative after ἐγένετο — 'these words' ties the glory to the passion prediction

καὶ παραλαβὼν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννην καὶ Ἰάκωβονparticipial — preposed participle — leans on ἀνέβη; the inner three, John before James in Luke's order

ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ ὄροςindependent — the ascent — the mountain of revelation

προσεύξασθαι.purpose — purpose infinitive — only Luke makes prayer the purpose of the climb

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ προσεύχεσθαι αὐτὸν τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἕτερονindependent — the change comes in the praying — Luke avoids μετεμορφώθη; ἕτερον, simply 'other'

καὶ ὁ ἱματισμὸς αὐτοῦ λευκὸς ἐξαστράπτων.independent — verbless continuation — ἐξαστράπτων, lightning-white (cf. 24:4)

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες δύο συνελάλουν αὐτῷ,independent — ἰδού — the narrative gasp; 'two men' returns at the tomb and the ascension (24:4; Acts 1:10)

οἵτινες ἦσαν Μωϋσῆς καὶ Ἠλίας,relative — the law and the prophets in person

οἳ ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ ἔλεγον τὴν ἔξοδον αὐτοῦrelative — only Luke gives the conversation's topic — ἔξοδος: death, resurrection, and ascension as one exodus

ἣν ἤμελλεν πληροῦν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ.relative — πληροῦν — the exodus is fulfilled, not suffered; Jerusalem named as the goal (v. 51)

vv. 32–33 — the drowsy witnesses and Peter's three tents

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἦσαν βεβαρημένοι ὕπνῳ·independent — periphrastic pluperfect — the same heaviness as Gethsemane (22:45)

διαγρηγορήσαντες δὲparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶδον; διαγρηγορέω, wide awake: what follows is not a dream

εἶδον τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς δύο ἄνδρας τοὺς συνεστῶτας αὐτῷ.independent — τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ — the promise of v. 27 kept: some see the kingdom

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ διαχωρίζεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἀπ' αὐτοῦphrase modifier — ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ frame again — Peter speaks to prevent the departure; leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν ὁ Πέτρος πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν·independent — the proposal

Ἐπιστάτα, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι,content — Ἐπιστάτα — Luke's address in place of 'Rabbi'

καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνὰς τρεῖς, μίαν σοὶ καὶ μίαν Μωϋσεῖ καὶ μίαν Ἠλίᾳ,content — hortatory subjunctive — three equal booths for three unequal figures: the error the voice will correct

μὴ εἰδὼς ὃ λέγει.participial — the narrator's verdict on the proposal — appended to the verb of speech it disarms

vv. 34–36 — the cloud, the voice, the silence

ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ λέγοντοςparticipial — genitive absolute — the interruption arrives mid-sentence; leans on ἐγένετο

ἐγένετο νεφέληindependent — the Sinai cloud (Exod 24:15–18) — the answer to the tent-proposal is God's own tent

καὶ ἐπεσκίαζεν αὐτούς·independent — ἐπισκιάζω — the verb of the shekinah (Exod 40:35) and of the annunciation (1:35)

ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν νεφέλην.independent — ἐν τῷ + infinitive inside the clause — fear at the threshold of the presence

καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης λέγουσα·independent — the bat qol — the baptismal voice (3:22) now addressed to the disciples

Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος,content — ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος printed with the earliest witnesses against the harmonizing ὁ ἀγαπητός — Isa 42:1's elect servant

αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε.content — Deut 18:15 — the prophet like Moses; fronted αὐτοῦ: him, not the tents' other two

καὶ ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνὴνphrase modifier — ἐν τῷ + aorist infinitive — the moment the voice ceases; leans on εὑρέθη

εὑρέθη Ἰησοῦς μόνος.independent — μόνος — the law and the prophets withdrawn into the one to be heard

καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐσίγησανindependent — the silence kept — in Luke their own, not commanded

καὶ οὐδενὶ ἀπήγγειλαν ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν.independent — double negative with attracted relative ὧν — the vision sealed until after the rising

The boy with the unclean spirit; the second prediction 9:37–45

vv. 37–40 — down the mountain: the father's plea

Ἐγένετο δὲ τῇ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳindependent — the ἐγένετο-frame — glory above, demons below, one day apart

κατελθόντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρουςparticipial — genitive absolute — leans on συνήντησεν

συνήντησεν αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολύς.independent — the waiting world — the descent lands in the crowd

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου ἐβόησενindependent — ἰδού again — one voice out of the many

λέγων·participial — pleonastic speech-participle — the frame for the plea

Διδάσκαλε, δέομαί σουcontent — δέομαι — the language of petition-prayer

ἐπιβλέψαι ἐπὶ τὸν υἱόν μου,content — complement infinitive — ἐπιβλέπω, the merciful regard (1:48)

ὅτι μονογενής μοί ἐστιν,cause — μονογενής — Luke's repeated pathos: the only son (7:12), the only daughter (8:42)

καὶ ἰδοὺ πνεῦμα λαμβάνει αὐτόν,content — the symptoms in vivid presents — the seizure described from inside the household's dread

καὶ ἐξαίφνης κράζει,content — ἐξαίφνης — the attacks come without warning

καὶ σπαράσσει αὐτὸν μετὰ ἀφροῦcontent — σπαράσσω — the convulsion-verb of Mark 1:26

καὶ μόγις ἀποχωρεῖ ἀπ' αὐτοῦcontent — μόγις — even the remissions are grudging

συντρῖβον αὐτόν·participial — concurrent participle — the going out itself does damage

καὶ ἐδεήθην τῶν μαθητῶν σουcontent — the same verb of petition, now spent on the disciples

ἵνα ἐκβάλωσιν αὐτό,purpose — ἵνα-clause of the entreated content

καὶ οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν.content — the failure — the power of v. 1 unavailing, with the master on the mountain

vv. 41–43a — the lament, the rebuke, the healing

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν·independent — the reply that laments before it heals

Ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη,content — verbless apostrophe — Deut 32:5's twisted generation; the address overshoots the father to the age

ἕως πότε ἔσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν;content — the prophet's weariness — the sojourn has a term (v. 51 will name it)

προσάγαγε ὧδε τὸν υἱόν σου.content — the lament pivots to command — the case is taken

ἔτι δὲ προσερχομένου αὐτοῦparticipial — genitive absolute — the last assault en route; leans on ἔρρηξεν

ἔρρηξεν αὐτὸν τὸ δαιμόνιονindependent — ῥήγνυμι — dashed to the ground before all

καὶ συνεσπάραξεν·independent — the compounded convulsion-verb — the spirit's exit display

ἐπετίμησεν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἀκαθάρτῳ,independent — ἐπετίμησεν — the exorcism-rebuke (4:35), one verb against the spectacle

καὶ ἰάσατο τὸν παῖδαindependent — ἰάομαι — Luke the physician's verb

καὶ ἀπέδωκεν αὐτὸν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ.independent — ἀπέδωκεν — as at Nain (7:15): the healing completed as restoration

ἐξεπλήσσοντο δὲ πάντες ἐπὶ τῇ μεγαλειότητι τοῦ θεοῦ.independent — μεγαλειότης — the credit passed to God; the crowd's climax, and the foil for what follows

vv. 43b–45 — while all marvel: the second prediction, not understood

Πάντων δὲ θαυμαζόντων ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίειparticipial — genitive absolute with attracted relative οἷς — the warning timed against the applause; leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ·independent — to the disciples only — the crowd keeps its marvel

Θέσθε ὑμεῖς εἰς τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους τούτους·content — emphatic ὑμεῖς against πάντων — a Semitic idiom of deliberate hearing

ὁ γὰρ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων.content — the words to be stored — παραδίδοσθαι, the handing-over verb; υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου into χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, the wordplay

οἱ δὲ ἠγνόουν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο,independent — the incomprehension — durative imperfect

καὶ ἦν παρακεκαλυμμένον ἀπ' αὐτῶνindependent — periphrastic pluperfect — a veiling, agent unnamed (the divine passive left open)

ἵνα μὴ αἴσθωνται αὐτό,purpose — ἵνα μή — purpose or result of the veiling, the classic crux glossed, not decided

καὶ ἐφοβοῦντοindependent — the fear that prefers not to know

ἐρωτῆσαι αὐτὸν περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου.content — complement infinitive — the question not asked until the risen one answers it (24:25–27)

Who is greatest; the strange exorcist 9:46–50

vv. 46–48 — the argument answered with a child

Εἰσῆλθεν δὲ διαλογισμὸς ἐν αὐτοῖς,independent — διαλογισμός — in Luke almost always a hostile or errant reasoning; it 'enters' like an intruder

τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν.content — articular indirect question with potential optative — Luke's literary syntax; rank, straight after the passion word

ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἰδὼς τὸν διαλογισμὸν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶνparticipial — preposed participle — the debate never spoken aloud to him; leans on ἔστησεν

ἐπιλαβόμενος παιδίονparticipial — second preposed participle — the answer is an object lesson, not a speech first

ἔστησεν αὐτὸ παρ' ἑαυτῷ,independent — παρ' ἑαυτῷ — the lowest-status person placed at the seat of honor

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς·independent — the saying that reads the sign

Ὃς ἐὰν δέξηται τοῦτο τὸ παιδίον ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μουconditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — δέχομαι, the hospitality verb; leans forward on δέχεται

ἐμὲ δέχεται,content — the identification — the child stands proxy for the Christ

καὶ ὃς ἂν ἐμὲ δέξηταιconditional — the chain's second protasis — leaning forward again

δέχεται τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με·content — the chain completed — child, Christ, Sender: hospitality runs all the way up

ὁ γὰρ μικρότερος ἐν πᾶσιν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχων οὗτός ἐστιν μέγας.content — casus pendens resumed by οὗτος — μικρότερος, the comparative doing superlative work; the argument of v. 46 inverted

vv. 49–50 — 'do not forbid him'

Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰωάννηςparticipial — preposed participle — 'answering' the saying about the name; leans on εἶπεν

εἶπεν·independent — the confession of the silencing

Ἐπιστάτα, εἴδομέν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια,content — the outsider succeeds where the disciples failed (v. 40) — ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, the phrase of v. 48

καὶ ἐκωλύομεν αὐτὸνcontent — conative imperfect — the attempted prohibition

ὅτι οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ μεθ' ἡμῶν.cause — μεθ' ἡμῶν — not 'follow you' but 'with us': the group's boundary, not the master's

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς·independent — the correction

Μὴ κωλύετε·content — μή + present imperative — stop the stopping

ὃς γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν καθ' ὑμῶνconditional — indefinite relative protasis (typed cnd) — leaning forward on the maxim's apodosis

ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐστιν.content — the generous maxim — καθ' ὑμῶν / ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; its stricter twin waits at 11:23

The face set toward Jerusalem — the Samaritan village 9:51–56

v. 51 — the hinge of the Gospel: the travel narrative begins

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ἀναλήμψεως αὐτοῦphrase modifier — ἀνάλημψις — the taking-up: cross, resurrection, ascension as one event; συμπληροῦσθαι, the days filling like a measure; leans on ἐστήρισεν

καὶ αὐτὸς τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστήρισενindependent — the Septuagintal idiom (Isa 50:7; Ezek 21:2) — resolve made visible; emphatic αὐτός

τοῦ πορεύεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ.purpose — τοῦ + infinitive of purpose — the destination that governs the next ten chapters

vv. 52–53 — the village that would not receive him

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ.independent — πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ — the herald-formula of 7:27, the face-word repeated

καὶ πορευθέντεςparticipial — preposed participle — leans on εἰσῆλθον

εἰσῆλθον εἰς κώμην Σαμαριτῶν,independent — Samaria on the route — the old schism about the true place of worship in the background

ὡς ἑτοιμάσαι αὐτῷ·purpose — ὡς + infinitive of purpose — advance lodging for the traveling company

καὶ οὐκ ἐδέξαντο αὐτόν,independent — δέχομαι refused — the hospitality verb of v. 48 negated; the rejection foreseen in v. 5

ὅτι τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἦν πορευόμενον εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ.cause — periphrastic — the Samaritans read the face of v. 51 exactly, and reject the destination, not the man only

vv. 54–56 — fire refused; on to another village

ἰδόντες δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωάννηςparticipial — preposed participle — the sons of thunder living up to the name (Mark 3:17); leans on εἶπαν

εἶπαν·independent — the offer of judgment

Κύριε, θέλειςcontent — the deferential frame around a violent proposal

εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀναλῶσαι αὐτούς;content — asyndetic deliberative subjunctive after θέλεις — Elijah's fire (2 Kgs 1:10, 12); the gloss 'as Elijah did' is a later expansion, not read

στραφεὶς δὲparticipial — preposed participle — Luke's στραφείς, the full-face turn; leans on ἐπετίμησεν

ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς.independent — the short text — the rebuke-verb used on demons (v. 42) turned on the Twelve; 'you do not know what spirit you are of' is a later expansion, absent from the earliest witnesses

καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς ἑτέραν κώμην.independent — the whole response — no fire, only the road continued

Three would-be followers 9:57–62

vv. 57–58 — the volunteer: nowhere to lay his head

Καὶ πορευομένων αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷparticipial — genitive absolute — ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ: the travel narrative's own setting; leans on εἶπέν

εἶπέν τις πρὸς αὐτόν·independent — the first, a volunteer — anonymous, as all three are

Ἀκολουθήσω σοιcontent — the unconditional pledge — offered, not asked for

ὅπου ἐὰν ἀπέρχῃ.conditional — indefinite local clause with ἐάν (typed cnd; anchored, following its verb) — 'wherever' about to be priced

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς·independent — the answer that names the cost

Αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσινcontent — the proverb's first term — even the scavengers are housed

καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις,content — elliptical — ἔχουσιν carried over; κατασκηνώσεις, roosting-places

ὁ δὲ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἔχειcontent — the contrast — the one being followed is homeless on his own road

ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ.content — indirect deliberative question — κλίνῃ echoes the declining day of v. 12; no Samaritan village, no den, no nest

vv. 59–60 — the summoned: let the dead bury their dead

Εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς ἕτερον·independent — the second is called, not volunteering

Ἀκολούθει μοι.content — the bare summons — the call of 5:27 repeated on the road

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν·independent — the deferral

Κύριε, ἐπίτρεψόν μοιcontent — the request for leave — filial piety, the weightiest duty imaginable

ἀπελθόντι πρῶτον θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου.content — complement infinitive with dative participle ἀπελθόντι — πρῶτον: the kingdom asked to wait

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ·independent — the hard answer

Ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς,content — the double νεκρούς — the (spiritually) dead can manage the (bodily) dead

σὺ δὲ ἀπελθὼν διάγγελλε τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.content — emphatic σύ with his own ἀπελθών handed back — διαγγέλλω, the mission of vv. 2, 6 laid on him

vv. 61–62 — the third: no hand to the plow and looking back

Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ ἕτερος·independent — the third — a volunteer again, with a condition

Ἀκολουθήσω σοι, κύριε·content — the pledge of v. 57 repeated — now with a πρῶτον attached

πρῶτον δὲ ἐπίτρεψόν μοιcontent — the same πρῶτον, the same ἐπίτρεψον as v. 59 — the farewell of Elisha (1 Kgs 19:20) in view

ἀποτάξασθαι τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου.content — complement infinitive — ἀποτάσσομαι, the formal leave-taking Elijah allowed

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς·independent — the reply that outdoes Elijah

Οὐδεὶς ἐπιβαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα ἐπ' ἄροτρον καὶ βλέπων εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.content — one long clause kept whole — aorist ἐπιβαλών, present βλέπων: the grip taken, the glance ongoing; εὔθετος, 'well-placed, fit'; the plowman's furrow closes the chapter of the set face

Analysis. Luke 9 gathers the climax of the Galilean ministry and then opens the travel narrative, and the layout shows both movements. Through v. 50 the page reads like Mark improved: flush-left purple mainlines, one event per line, with Luke's fingerprints in the indents — preposed aorist participles and genitive absolutes leaning forward, anchorless, on the verb below (Συγκαλεσάμενος, παραλαβών, Πάντων δὲ θαυμαζόντων), and the Semitic ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ + infinitive time-frames Luke loves (vv. 18, 28–29, 33, 36, 51). Speech hangs blue (cnt) beneath its verb of saying throughout: Herod's three-report perplexity under the articular λέγεσθαι, the feeding dialogue, the confession exchange, the father's plea running six clauses under one λέγων. The discipleship sayings of vv. 23–27 stack as a catena under a single iterative Ἔλεγεν, their indefinite-relative protases (ὃς γὰρ ἄν…) treated as forward-leaning conditionals above their apodoses. Cruxes the text takes and the tags name: v. 10 prints εἰς πόλιν καλουμένην Βηθσαϊδά against the harmonizing 'desolate place'; v. 23 keeps Luke's distinctive καθ' ἡμέραν — the cross taken up daily; v. 35 reads ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος, 'the Chosen One,' with the earliest witnesses against the Synoptic-harmonizing ὁ ἀγαπητός; and at vv. 54–56 the short text stands — no 'as Elijah did,' no 'you do not know what spirit you are of' — so the rebuke of the fire-callers is one bare verb, ἐπετίμησεν. The chapter's hinge is glossed rather than resolved: Moses and Elijah speak of his ἔξοδος (v. 31), the days of his ἀνάλημψις are being fulfilled (v. 51), and αὐτὸς τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστήρισεν — the set face the Samaritans of v. 53 read correctly — before the road-scene triptych of vv. 57–62 ends the chapter at the plow.