Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Revelation to John, Chapter 7ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ Ζ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Μετὰ τοῦτο εἶδον τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους ἑστῶτας ἐπὶ τὰς τέσσαρας γωνίας τῆς γῆς, κρατοῦντας τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀνέμους τῆς γῆς, ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς μήτε ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης μήτε ἐπὶ πᾶν δένδρον.

After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth, that no wind might blow on the earth or on the sea or against any tree.

Vision of the four angelsΜετὰ τοῦτοThe interlude between the sixth and seventh seals opens: four angels at the earth's four corners restrain the four winds of judgment, suspending the storm so the sealing may proceed.
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)μετά + acc.: 'after'; the seer's recurring vision-transition formula (cf. 4:1; 7:9).
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of μετά (demonstrative)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the vision-verb that structures the Apocalypse (καὶ εἶδον).
τέσσαραςfourAccusativeattributive numeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; the cosmic-completeness number governing angels, corners, and winds.
ἀγγέλουςangelsAccusativedirect objectἄγγελος: 'angel, messenger'; the agents restraining judgment.
ἑστῶταςstandingPerf Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἵστημιattributive participle (w/ ἀγγέλους)→ perfect (resultant stance)ἵστημι: 'stand'; the perfect denotes settled, poised standing at their posts.
ἐπὶat/onpreposition + accusative (place)
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
τέσσαραςfourAccusativeattributive numeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; the four corners = the whole earth (cf. Isa 11:12).
γωνίαςcornersAccusativeobject of ἐπίγωνία: 'corner, angle'; the four quarters of the earth.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (partitive/possessive)γῆ: 'earth, land'; the realm whose corners and winds are in view.
κρατοῦνταςholding backPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · κρατέωattributive participle (w/ ἀγγέλους)→ present (ongoing restraint)κρατέω: 'grasp, hold fast, restrain'; the angels grip the winds to keep them in check.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
τέσσαραςfourAccusativeattributive numeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; the four winds = the totality of destructive forces.
ἀνέμουςwindsAccusativedirect object of κρατοῦνταςἄνεμος: 'wind'; agents of judgment (cf. Jer 49:36; Dan 7:2; Zech 6:5).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitivepossessive genitive
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose/result)
μὴnotnegative particle (w/ subj.)
πνέῃmight blowPres Act Subj 3 Sg · πνέωsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ present (durative)πνέω: 'blow, breathe'; the suppressed blast of judgment.
ἄνεμοςwindNominativesubjectἄνεμος: 'wind'; here generalized — 'any wind whatever.'
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί
μήτεnornegative conjunction (correlative)μήτε … μήτε: 'neither … nor'; the threefold scope — land, sea, tree.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
θαλάσσηςseaGenitiveobject of ἐπίθάλασσα: 'sea'; the second domain spared from the wind.
μήτεnornegative conjunction (correlative)
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (place)
πᾶνanyAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every, any'; 'any tree at all' — the comprehensiveness of the reprieve.
δένδρονtreeAccusativeobject of ἐπίδένδρον: 'tree'; the third domain, completing the created order spared.
2

καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον ἀναβαίνοντα ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου, ἔχοντα σφραγῖδα θεοῦ ζῶντος, καὶ ἔκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἀγγέλοις οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἀδικῆσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν,

And I saw another angel ascending from the rising of the sun, having the seal of the living God, and he cried out with a loud voice to the four angels to whom it had been granted to harm the earth and the sea,

The angel with the sealκαὶA fifth angel rises from the east bearing the living God's seal and commands the four destroying angels — the sealing must precede the harm.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)
εἶδονI sawAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the next vision-stage introduced.
ἄλλονanotherAccusativeattributive adjectiveἄλλος: 'another (of the same kind)'; distinct from the four.
ἄγγελονangelAccusativedirect objectἄγγελος: 'angel'; bearer of the divine seal.
ἀναβαίνονταascendingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἀναβαίνωattributive participle (w/ ἄγγελον)→ present (in progress)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up, rise'; the angel rising as the dawning sun (cf. Ezek 43:2).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἀνατολῆςrisingGenitiveobject of ἀπόἀνατολή: 'rising, east'; ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου = 'from the sunrise/east,' the direction of salvation and the temple gate.
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (the sun's rising)ἥλιος: 'sun'; fixing 'the rising' as the eastern quarter.
ἔχονταhavingPres Act Ptc · Acc Sg Masc · ἔχωattributive participle (w/ ἄγγελον)→ present (state)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; the angel carries the seal.
σφραγῖδαsealAccusativedirect object of ἔχοντασφραγίς: 'seal, signet'; the mark of ownership and protection (cf. Ezek 9:4–6; Eph 1:13).
θεοῦof GodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God; the seal is his own, stamping his servants.
ζῶντοςlivingPres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle (w/ θεοῦ)→ present (characteristic)ζάω: 'live'; 'the living God' — the OT covenant title (cf. Hos 1:10; Matt 16:16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔκραξενhe cried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κράζωmain verb→ ingressive aoristκράζω: 'cry out, shout'; the loud command halting the destroyers.
φωνῇwith a voiceDativedat. of manner/instrumentφωνή: 'voice, sound'; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, the Apocalypse's stock phrase for solemn proclamation.
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, loud'; the volume marking authority.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
τέσσαρσινfourDativeattributive numeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; the same angels of v.1.
ἀγγέλοιςangelsDativeindirect object (addressees)ἄγγελος: 'angel'; the four to whom the harm was entrusted.
οἷςto whomDativerelative pronoun (dat. of indirect object)
ἐδόθηit was givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aorist (divine passive)δίδωμι: 'give, grant'; the recurring divine passive of the Apocalypse — authority delegated by God.
αὐτοῖςto themDativeresumptive pronoun (Semitic redundancy)αὐτοῖς resumes οἷς — the redundant pronoun, a Semitism characteristic of John's Greek.
ἀδικῆσαιto harmAor Act Inf · ἀδικέωcomplementary infinitive (epexegetic)→ constative aoristἀδικέω: 'do wrong, harm, damage'; the destructive task granted to the four.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνearthAccusativedirect object of ἀδικῆσαιγῆ: 'earth, land'; the object of the threatened harm.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θάλασσανseaAccusativedirect object of ἀδικῆσαιθάλασσα: 'sea'; the second object of harm.
3

λέγων· Μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὴν γῆν μήτε τὴν θάλασσαν μήτε τὰ δένδρα, ἄχρι σφραγίσωμεν τοὺς δούλους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν.

saying, "Do not harm the earth or the sea or the trees, until we have sealed the servants of our God on their foreheads."

The command: seal firstasyndetonThe content of the cry: a prohibition with a temporal limit — no harm until God's servants are sealed on the forehead, marked safe before the judgment falls.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (pleonastic)→ present (introducing direct speech)λέγω: 'say'; the Semitic 'saying' introducing the quoted command.
Μὴnotnegative particle (w/ aor. subj.)μή + aor. subj.: prohibition — 'do not (begin to) harm.'
ἀδικήσητεharmAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀδικέωprohibitive subjunctive→ ingressive aorist (prohibition)ἀδικέω: 'harm, damage'; the act forbidden until the sealing is done.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
γῆνearthAccusativedirect objectγῆ: 'earth, land'; the first protected domain.
μήτεnornegative conjunction (correlative)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
θάλασσανseaAccusativedirect objectθάλασσα: 'sea'; the second protected domain.
μήτεnornegative conjunction (correlative)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
δένδραtreesAccusativedirect objectδένδρον: 'tree'; the third protected domain, completing v.1's triad.
ἄχριuntilconjunction (temporal, w/ subj.)ἄχρι: 'until'; the temporal limit on the restraint.
σφραγίσωμενwe have sealedAor Act Subj 1 Pl · σφραγίζωsubjunctive (indefinite temporal clause)→ constative aoristσφραγίζω: 'seal, mark'; the chapter's keyword — to stamp with the owner's seal for protection (Ezek 9:4).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
δούλουςservantsAccusativedirect object of σφραγίσωμενδοῦλος: 'slave, servant'; the bondservants of God, the sealed people.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God; the master whose servants are sealed.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship (possessive)'our God' — the angel speaks as fellow-servant within the heavenly host.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
μετώπωνforeheadsGenitiveobject of ἐπίμέτωπον: 'forehead'; the place of the seal — answering the mark of the beast (13:16; 14:1).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
4

Καὶ ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐσφραγισμένων, ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες, ἐσφραγισμένοι ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ·

And I heard the number of those who were sealed, 144,000, sealed from every tribe of the sons of Israel:

The number of the sealedΚαὶJohn does not see but hears the count — 144,000, the squared twelve times a thousand, the complete people of God drawn from every tribe of Israel.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; the deliberate seeing/hearing pairing — heard the number, saw the multitude (v.9).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativedirect objectἀριθμός: 'number, count'; the total of the sealed (cf. the beast's number, 13:18).
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐσφραγισμένωνsealedPerf Pass Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · σφραγίζωsubstantival participle (gen. of content)→ perfect (abiding sealed state)σφραγίζω: 'seal'; the perfect — they stand sealed, the mark permanent.
ἑκατὸνa hundredNominativenumeral (apposition to ἀριθμόν)ἑκατόν: 'one hundred'; first element of the symbolic total.
τεσσεράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable)τεσσεράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; 144 = 12 × 12, the perfected people of God.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative in apposition (numeral noun)χιλιάς: 'thousand'; the thousandfold multiplies the twelve-squared completeness.
ἐσφραγισμένοιsealedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · σφραγίζωattributive participle (w/ χιλιάδες)→ perfect (abiding sealed state)σφραγίζω: 'seal'; resumes the verb, framing the count.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/partitive)
πάσηςeveryGenitiveattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every'; the sealed drawn from every one of the tribes.
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκφυλή: 'tribe'; the OT tribal division of Israel.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationshipυἱός: 'son'; 'sons of Israel' = the Israelites, the covenant nation.
Ἰσραήλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ἰσραήλ: 'Israel'; indeclinable; the people from whom the sealed are numbered.
5

ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα δώδεκα χιλιάδες ἐσφραγισμένοι, ἐκ φυλῆς Ῥουβὴν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Γὰδ δώδεκα χιλιάδες,

from the tribe of Judah twelve thousand were sealed, from the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand, from the tribe of Gad twelve thousand,

Tribe-list: Judah, Reuben, GadasyndetonThe roll begins with Judah at the head — the messianic, royal tribe leading where Reuben the firstborn would stand in the OT lists — then Reuben and Gad, the refrain 'twelve thousand' repeated for each.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκφυλή: 'tribe'; the recurring head-word of the roll.
Ἰούδαof Judahindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ἰούδα: 'Judah'; placed first — the messianic tribe of the Lion-Lamb (5:5).
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; the refrain of the list.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun (subject of implied verb)χιλιάς: 'thousand'; twelve thousand per tribe.
ἐσφραγισμένοιsealedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · σφραγίζωpredicate participle→ perfect (abiding sealed state)σφραγίζω: 'seal'; stated at the head of the roll and resumed at its close (v.8).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Ῥουβὴνof Reubenindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ῥουβήν: 'Reuben'; Jacob's firstborn, here listed second after Judah.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Γὰδof Gadindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Γάδ: 'Gad'; son of Zilpah, Leah's maid.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
6

ἐκ φυλῆς Ἀσὴρ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Νεφθαλὶμ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Μανασσῆ δώδεκα χιλιάδες,

from the tribe of Asher twelve thousand, from the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand, from the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand,

Tribe-list: Asher, Naphtali, ManassehasyndetonThe roll continues: Asher and Naphtali (sons of the maidservants), then Manasseh — Joseph's son standing in the list, with Joseph himself named separately at v.8, so that Dan is absent and the twelve still complete.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Ἀσὴρof Asherindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ἀσήρ: 'Asher'; son of Zilpah.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Νεφθαλὶμof Naphtaliindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Νεφθαλίμ: 'Naphtali'; son of Bilhah.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Μανασσῆof Manassehindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Μανασσῆς: 'Manasseh'; Joseph's son, listed as a tribe (Joseph also named at v.8), filling the gap left by Dan's omission.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
7

ἐκ φυλῆς Συμεὼν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Λευὶ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰσσαχὰρ δώδεκα χιλιάδες,

from the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand, from the tribe of Levi twelve thousand, from the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand,

Tribe-list: Simeon, Levi, IssacharasyndetonThe roll continues with Simeon, Levi, and Issachar — Levi here counted as one of the twelve fighting tribes (no longer set apart for priesthood alone), a mark of the list's eschatological, not census, character.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Συμεὼνof Simeonindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Συμεών: 'Simeon'; Leah's second son.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Λευὶof Leviindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Λευί: 'Levi'; the priestly tribe, here counted among the twelve sealed.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Ἰσσαχὰρof Issacharindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ἰσσαχάρ: 'Issachar'; Leah's son.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
8

ἐκ φυλῆς Ζαβουλὼν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰωσὴφ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Βενιαμὶν δώδεκα χιλιάδες ἐσφραγισμένοι.

from the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand, from the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand, from the tribe of Benjamin twelve thousand were sealed.

Tribe-list: Zebulun, Joseph, BenjaminasyndetonThe roll closes with Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, the participle 'sealed' returning at the end to bracket the whole list (cf. v.5a) — the twelve complete without Dan, Joseph standing for the absent name.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Ζαβουλὼνof Zebulunindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ζαβουλών: 'Zebulun'; Leah's son.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Ἰωσὴφof Josephindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Ἰωσήφ: 'Joseph'; named as a tribe alongside his son Manasseh (v.6), the pair covering the place of Dan and Ephraim.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
φυλῆςtribeGenitiveobject of ἐκ
Βενιαμὶνof Benjaminindeclinable proper noun (gen. sense)Βενιαμίν: 'Benjamin'; Rachel's younger son, closing the roll.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)δώδεκα: 'twelve'.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral nounχιλιάς: 'thousand'.
ἐσφραγισμένοιsealedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · σφραγίζωpredicate participle (closes the roll)→ perfect (abiding sealed state)σφραγίζω: 'seal'; the participle returns to bracket the list begun at v.5.
9

Μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ὄχλος πολύς, ὃν ἀριθμῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο, ἐκ παντὸς ἔθνους καὶ φυλῶν καὶ λαῶν καὶ γλωσσῶν, ἑστῶτες ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ ἀρνίου, περιβεβλημένους στολὰς λευκάς, καὶ φοίνικες ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν·

After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude, which no one could number, from every nation and from tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands;

The innumerable multitudeΜετὰ ταῦταFrom the counted sealed of Israel the vision opens to an uncountable multitude from every nation — the international harvest standing before the throne and the Lamb, robed in white with palms of victory.
Μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)μετὰ ταῦτα: 'after these things'; the vision-transition (cf. v.1).
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετά (demonstrative)
εἶδονI lookedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see, look'; opening the second scene of the interlude.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particleἰδού: 'behold!'; the demonstrative interjection drawing attention to the multitude.
ὄχλοςmultitudeNominativenominative (predicate/exclamatory after ἰδού)ὄχλος: 'crowd, multitude'; the vast assembly of the redeemed.
πολύςgreatNominativeattributive adjectiveπολύς: 'much, great, numerous'; emphasizing the multitude's vastness.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀριθμῆσαι)
ἀριθμῆσαιto numberAor Act Inf · ἀριθμέωcomplementary infinitive (w/ ἐδύνατο)→ constative aoristἀριθμέω: 'count, number'; the uncountable multitude — answering the precise count of v.4 (cf. Gen 15:5).
αὐτὸνitAccusativeresumptive pronoun (Semitic redundancy)αὐτόν resumes ὅν — the redundant pronoun, a Semitism (cf. v.2).
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἐδύνατοοὐδείς: 'no one'; none could count them.
ἐδύνατοwas ableImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · δύναμαιmain verb (rel. clause)→ imperfect (durative capacity)δύναμαι: 'be able'; the imperfect — no one was ever able to number it.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)
παντὸςeveryGenitiveattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every'; the universal sweep of the redeemed.
ἔθνουςnationGenitiveobject of ἐκἔθνος: 'nation, people'; first of the fourfold formula of universality (cf. 5:9).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive (parallel to ἔθνους)φυλή: 'tribe'; second of the fourfold formula.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λαῶνpeoplesGenitivegenitive (parallel)λαός: 'people'; third of the formula.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
γλωσσῶνtonguesGenitivegenitive (parallel)γλῶσσα: 'tongue, language'; fourth of the formula — every language group.
ἑστῶτεςstandingPerf Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἵστημιparticiple (constructio ad sensum, w/ ὄχλος)→ perfect (resultant stance)ἵστημι: 'stand'; the nominative ad sensum (the crowd as persons) — standing as accepted worshipers.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'before, in the presence of'; the place of access to the throne.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονθρόνος: 'throne'; the dominant image of the chapter, the seat of God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἀρνίουLambGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the Apocalypse's title for Christ (ch.5), shepherd of v.17.
περιβεβλημένουςclothed inPerf Mid Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · περιβάλλωparticiple (accusative, shift from nom.)→ perfect (clothed state)περιβάλλω (mid.): 'clothe oneself, be arrayed'; the accusative resumes ὄχλον — robed in victory-white.
στολὰςrobesAccusativeaccusative of thing (retained obj.)στολή: 'robe, long garment'; the festal robe of the redeemed (cf. v.14; 6:11).
λευκάςwhiteAccusativeattributive adjectiveλευκός: 'white, bright'; purity and triumph, washed in the Lamb's blood (v.14).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
φοίνικεςpalm branchesNominativenominative (verbless clause)φοῖνιξ: 'palm tree, palm branch'; tokens of festal joy and victory (cf. John 12:13; Tabernacles, Lev 23:40).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ταῖςtheDativearticle
χερσὶνhandsDativeobject of ἐνχείρ: 'hand'; the palms held aloft in worship.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
10

καὶ κράζουσιν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγοντες· Ἡ σωτηρία τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ καὶ τῷ ἀρνίῳ.

and they cry out with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!"

The cry of salvationκαὶThe multitude's acclamation: salvation is ascribed wholly to God on the throne and to the Lamb — a doxology of deliverance, the achievement of the redeemed credited to God alone.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κράζουσινthey cry outPres Act Indic 3 Pl · κράζωmain verb (vivid present)→ dramatic presentκράζω: 'cry out, shout'; the loud antiphonal worship of heaven.
φωνῇwith a voiceDativedat. of mannerφωνή: 'voice'; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ again, the volume of acclamation.
μεγάλῃloudDativeattributive adjectiveμέγας: 'great, loud'.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (pleonastic)→ present (introducing speech)λέγω: 'say'; introducing the acclamation.
theNominativearticle (w/ σωτηρία)
σωτηρίαsalvationNominativesubject (verbless ascription)σωτηρία: 'salvation, deliverance'; the article — 'the salvation' belongs to God; victory ascribed, not claimed (cf. 12:10; 19:1).
τῷto theDativearticle
θεῷGodDativedat. of possessionθεός: God; the one to whom salvation belongs.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship'our God' — the covenant possessive on the lips of the redeemed.
τῷthe oneDativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
καθημένῳwho is seatedPres Mid Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle (apposition to θεῷ)→ present (settled state)κάθημαι: 'sit, be seated'; 'the One seated on the throne,' the Apocalypse's standing designation of God (4:2).
ἐπὶonpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
θρόνῳthroneDativeobject of ἐπίθρόνος: 'throne'; God's seat of sovereign rule.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῷto theDativearticle
ἀρνίῳLambDativedat. of possession (parallel to θεῷ)ἀρνίον: 'lamb'; salvation belongs to God and the Lamb together — shared divine honor.
11

Καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι εἱστήκεισαν κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων, καὶ ἔπεσαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷ,

And all the angels were standing around the throne and the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God,

The angels worshipΚαὶHeaven answers the multitude's cry: the angelic host encircling throne, elders, and living creatures falls prostrate and worships God, taking up the doxology.
Καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'all'; the whole angelic host without exception.
οἱtheNominativearticle
ἄγγελοιangelsNominativesubjectἄγγελος: 'angel'; the innumerable host of 5:11.
εἱστήκεισανwere standingPlpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb→ pluperfect (settled standing)ἵστημι: 'stand'; the pluperfect with imperfect sense — they stood encircling the throne.
κύκλῳaroundadverb/improper prep. + genitiveκύκλῳ: 'in a circle, around'; the concentric ranks about the throne (cf. 4:6; 5:11).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitivegenitive (w/ κύκλῳ)θρόνος: 'throne'; the center of the heavenly court.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersGenitivegenitive (w/ κύκλῳ)πρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the twenty-four enthroned elders (4:4).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
τεσσάρωνfourGenitiveattributive numeralτέσσαρες: 'four'; the four living creatures (4:6).
ζῴωνliving creaturesGenitivegenitive (w/ κύκλῳ)ζῷον: 'living creature'; the cherubic beings around the throne.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔπεσανthey fellAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πίπτωmain verb→ constative aoristπίπτω: 'fall'; falling prostrate, the posture of adoration.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'before'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονθρόνος: 'throne'.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (place)
τὰtheAccusativearticle
πρόσωπαfacesAccusativeobject of ἐπίπρόσωπον: 'face'; 'fell on their faces' — total prostration.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
προσεκύνησανthey worshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb→ constative aoristπροσκυνέω: 'worship, do obeisance'; the proper response — worship of God alone.
τῷtoDativearticle
θεῷGodDativedat. (object of προσκυνέω)θεός: God; the object of worship.
12

λέγοντες· Ἀμήν· ἡ εὐλογία καὶ ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ εὐχαριστία καὶ ἡ τιμὴ καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων· ἀμήν.

saying, "Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen."

The sevenfold doxologyasyndetonThe angelic worship voiced: a sevenfold ascription bracketed by 'Amen,' each attribute articular — the perfect, total acknowledgment of all that belongs to God forever.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (pleonastic)→ present (introducing speech)λέγω: 'say'; introducing the doxology.
ἈμήνAmeninterjection (Hebrew loanword)ἀμήν: 'truly, so be it'; the affirming response framing the doxology (cf. v.12 end).
theNominativearticle (w/ εὐλογία)
εὐλογίαblessingNominativenominative (verbless ascription)εὐλογία: 'blessing, praise'; first of the seven; the article makes each definite and total.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
δόξαgloryNominativenominative (ascription)δόξα: 'glory'; second of the seven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
σοφίαwisdomNominativenominative (ascription)σοφία: 'wisdom'; third of the seven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
εὐχαριστίαthanksgivingNominativenominative (ascription)εὐχαριστία: 'thanksgiving, gratitude'; fourth and central of the seven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
τιμὴhonorNominativenominative (ascription)τιμή: 'honor, value'; fifth of the seven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
δύναμιςpowerNominativenominative (ascription)δύναμις: 'power, might'; sixth of the seven.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
theNominativearticle
ἰσχὺςmightNominativenominative (ascription)ἰσχύς: 'strength, might'; seventh and last, completing the perfect ascription.
τῷtoDativearticle
θεῷGodDativedat. of possessionθεός: God; recipient of the sevenfold praise.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship'our God' — the host joins the redeemed's confession.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (extent of time)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
αἰῶναςagesAccusativeobject of εἰςαἰών: 'age'; εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων = 'forever and ever,' the eternal duration.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
αἰώνωνagesGenitivegenitive (intensive idiom)αἰών: 'age'; the Semitic superlative — 'ages of ages.'
ἀμήνAmeninterjection (closing affirmation)ἀμήν: 'so be it'; closing the doxology it opened (v.12a).
13

Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη εἷς ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων λέγων μοι· Οὗτοι οἱ περιβεβλημένοι τὰς στολὰς τὰς λευκὰς τίνες εἰσὶν καὶ πόθεν ἦλθον;

Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, "These who are clothed in the white robes—who are they, and where did they come from?"

The elder's questionΚαὶAn elder takes the role of interpreting angel, posing the catechetical question — who are the white-robed, and whence? — to draw out the identity of the multitude.
Καὶthencoordinating conjunction (narrative)
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer, respond'; here Semitic — to 'answer' by opening a dialogue, not replying to a prior word.
εἷςoneNominativesubject (numeral as substantive)εἷς: 'one'; one of the twenty-four elders.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (partitive)ἐκ: 'from, of'; partitive — 'one out of the elders.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersGenitiveobject of ἐκ (partitive)πρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the elder as interpreter (cf. 5:5).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (pleonastic)→ present (introducing speech)λέγω: 'say'.
μοιto meDativeindirect object
ΟὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative (subject, prolepsis)οὗτος: 'this'; the white-robed multitude, fronted for emphasis.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
περιβεβλημένοιclothed inPerf Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · περιβάλλωsubstantival participle (apposition to Οὗτοι)→ perfect (clothed state)περιβάλλω (mid.): 'be clothed'; resumes the robing of v.9.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
στολὰςrobesAccusativeaccusative of thing (retained obj.)στολή: 'robe'; the white robe again.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (second attributive)
λευκὰςwhiteAccusativeattributive adjective (second-attributive position)λευκός: 'white'; the emphatic 'the robes, the white ones.'
τίνεςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate)τίς: 'who?'; the question of identity.
εἰσὶνare theyPres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πόθενwhere frominterrogative adverb (source)πόθεν: 'from where?'; the question of origin, answered in v.14.
ἦλθονdid they comeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (indirect question content)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; their coming, defined in v.14 as 'out of the great tribulation.'
14

καὶ εἴρηκα αὐτῷ· Κύριέ μου, σὺ οἶδας. καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐρχόμενοι ἐκ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης, καὶ ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐλεύκαναν αὐτὰς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου.

And I said to him, "My lord, you know." And he said to me, "These are the ones coming out of the great tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

The elder's answerκαὶJohn defers; the elder answers: these come out of the great tribulation, their robes washed white in the paradoxical detergent of the Lamb's blood — the cleansing achieved by his redemptive death.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἴρηκαI saidPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (aoristic perfect)→ perfect with aorist force (dramatic)λέγω (εἴρηκα): 'have said'; the perfect used for vivid past narration, characteristic of John's style.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object
ΚύριέlordVocativevocative (address)κύριος: 'lord, sir'; deferential address to the elder, 'my lord.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship (possessive)
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)σύ: 'you'; emphatic — 'you (not I) know.'
οἶδαςknowPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ perfect with present force (stative)οἶδα: 'know'; perfect form, present sense — John commits the answer to the elder.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἶπένhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristλέγω (εἶπεν): 'say'; the elder's reply.
μοιto meDativeindirect object
ΟὗτοίtheseNominativedemonstrative (subject)οὗτος: 'this'; resuming the multitude.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐρχόμενοιcomingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔρχομαιsubstantival participle (predicate)→ present (continuous/iterative)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the present — a continual stream coming out of tribulation, not a single past event.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'out of'; emergence from within the tribulation.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
θλίψεωςtribulationGenitiveobject of ἐκθλῖψις: 'pressure, affliction, tribulation'; 'the tribulation, the great one' — the climactic eschatological distress (cf. Dan 12:1; Matt 24:21).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (second attributive)
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjective (second-attributive position)μέγας: 'great'; the emphatic 'the great tribulation.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔπλυνανthey washedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πλύνωmain verb→ constative aoristπλύνω: 'wash (garments)'; the redeemed washed their own robes — yet the cleansing agent is the Lamb's blood.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle
στολὰςrobesAccusativedirect objectστολή: 'robe'; their garments made white.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλεύκανανmade whiteAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λευκαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristλευκαίνω: 'make white, whiten'; the paradox — blood whitens (cf. Isa 1:18; 1 John 1:7).
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object (the robes)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (instrument/means)ἐν: 'in, by'; instrumental — by means of the Lamb's blood.
τῷtheDativearticle
αἵματιbloodDativedat. of meansαἷμα: 'blood'; the Lamb's atoning blood, the cleansing agent (cf. 1:5; 5:9).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
ἀρνίουLambGenitivepossessive genitiveἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the slain Lamb whose blood cleanses (5:6, 9).
15

διὰ τοῦτό εἰσιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ λατρεύουσιν αὐτῷ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σκηνώσει ἐπ’ αὐτούς.

Therefore they are before the throne of God, and they serve him day and night in his temple; and the One seated on the throne will shelter them with his presence.

Their place and serviceδιὰ τοῦτόThe consequence of the washing: they stand before God's throne in priestly, ceaseless worship in his temple, and the Enthroned One will spread his tabernacling presence over them.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)διὰ τοῦτο: 'for this reason, therefore'; grounding their place in the washing of v.14.
τοῦτόthisAccusativeobject of διά (demonstrative)
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; their settled standing before the throne.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'before, in the presence of'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἐνώπιονθρόνος: 'throne'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivepossessive genitiveθεός: God; whose throne it is.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
λατρεύουσινthey servePres Act Indic 3 Pl · λατρεύωmain verb→ customary presentλατρεύω: 'serve, render cultic worship'; priestly liturgical service (cf. 22:3).
αὐτῷhimDativedat. (object of λατρεύω)
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive of time (within which)ἡμέρα: 'day'; ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός = 'continually, day and night.'
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
νυκτὸςnightGenitivegenitive of time (within which)νύξ: 'night'; the unceasing worship.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῷtheDativearticle
ναῷtempleDativeobject of ἐν (place)ναός: 'temple, sanctuary'; the inner shrine — God's immediate presence.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
the oneNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
καθήμενοςwho is seatedPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · κάθημαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ present (settled state)κάθημαι: 'sit'; 'the One seated on the throne' — God himself (cf. v.10; 4:2).
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitiveobject of ἐπίθρόνος: 'throne'.
σκηνώσειwill shelterFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σκηνόωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureσκηνόω: 'pitch a tent, tabernacle, dwell'; σκηνώσει ἐπ’ αὐτούς = 'will spread his tabernacle over them' — the Shekinah-presence sheltering them (cf. Ezek 37:27; John 1:14; Rev 21:3).
ἐπ’overpreposition + accusative (place)ἐπί + acc.: 'over, upon'; the sheltering presence spread over them.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeobject of ἐπί
16

οὐ πεινάσουσιν ἔτι οὐδὲ διψήσουσιν ἔτι, οὐδὲ μὴ πέσῃ ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ὁ ἥλιος οὐδὲ πᾶν καῦμα,

They shall hunger no more, neither thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any scorching heat,

No more hunger or thirstasyndetonThe blessing unfolds in Isaianic terms (Isa 49:10): the wilderness privations are abolished — no hunger, thirst, or burning sun for the sheltered flock.
οὐnotnegative particle
πεινάσουσινthey shall hungerFut Act Indic 3 Pl · πεινάωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureπεινάω: 'be hungry'; echoing Isa 49:10 — no hunger for the redeemed.
ἔτιanymoreadverb (time)ἔτι: 'still, yet, anymore'; the final cessation of the old griefs.
οὐδὲneithernegative conjunction
διψήσουσινthey shall thirstFut Act Indic 3 Pl · διψάωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureδιψάω: 'be thirsty'; answered by the springs of living water (v.17).
ἔτιanymoreadverb (time)ἔτι: 'anymore'.
οὐδὲnornegative conjunction
μὴnot at allnegative particle (emphatic, w/ subj.)οὐ μή + subj.: the strong double negative — 'by no means shall the sun strike.'
πέσῃshall strikeAor Act Subj 3 Sg · πίπτωsubjunctive (emphatic negation)→ constative aoristπίπτω: 'fall, fall upon, strike'; the sun 'falling on' them with its heat (Isa 49:10; Ps 121:6).
ἐπ’onpreposition + accusative (place)
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeobject of ἐπί
theNominativearticle
ἥλιοςsunNominativesubjectἥλιος: 'sun'; its scorching heat now harmless to them.
οὐδὲnornegative conjunction
πᾶνanyNominativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every, any'; 'any scorching heat at all.'
καῦμαscorching heatNominativesubject (parallel to ἥλιος)καῦμα: 'burning heat, scorching'; the desert's blistering heat, gone (Isa 49:10).
17

ὅτι τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου ποιμανεῖ αὐτούς, καὶ ὁδηγήσει αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ ζωῆς πηγὰς ὑδάτων, καὶ ἐξαλείψει ὁ θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν.

for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and will lead them to springs of waters of life, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.

The Lamb the ShepherdὅτιThe ground of the blessing in a great reversal: the Lamb becomes Shepherd (Ezek 34; Ps 23), leading them to the living springs, and God himself wipes away every tear (Isa 25:8) — the consummation anticipated at 21:4.
ὅτιforcausal conjunctionὅτι: 'because, for'; grounding the blessings of v.16 in the Lamb's shepherding.
τὸtheNominativearticle
ἀρνίονLambNominativesubjectἀρνίον: 'lamb'; the paradox — the Lamb is the Shepherd (cf. John 10; Ezek 34:23).
τὸthe oneNominativearticle (second attributive)
ἀνὰinpreposition (w/ μέσον, distributive)ἀνὰ μέσον: 'in the midst of, between'; the Lamb at the very center of the throne, sharing God's seat.
μέσονmidstAccusativeobject (in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον)μέσος: 'middle, midst'; ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου — central to the throne.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θρόνουthroneGenitivegenitive (w/ ἀνὰ μέσον)θρόνος: 'throne'.
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιμαίνωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureποιμαίνω: 'shepherd, tend, rule as shepherd'; the messianic shepherding of Ezek 34:23; Ps 23; cf. Rev 2:27.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ὁδηγήσειwill leadFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁδηγέωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureὁδηγέω: 'lead, guide on the way'; the Shepherd guiding to water (Ps 23:2; Isa 49:10).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπί + acc.: 'to, toward'; the destination of the leading.
ζωῆςof lifeGenitivegenitive (fronted, w/ πηγάς)ζωή: 'life'; 'springs of waters of life' — the fronted genitive stresses 'life,' the eschatological water (cf. 21:6; 22:1; John 4:14).
πηγὰςspringsAccusativeobject of ἐπίπηγή: 'spring, fountain'; the life-giving springs.
ὑδάτωνof watersGenitivegenitive (epexegetic/content)ὕδωρ: 'water'; 'springs of waters' — the living water that ends all thirst (v.16).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐξαλείψειwill wipe awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαλείφωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureἐξαλείφω: 'wipe away, blot out'; God's own hand wiping every tear (Isa 25:8; anticipating Rev 21:4).
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubjectθεός: God; the One who personally consoles.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjectiveπᾶς: 'every'; 'every tear without exception.'
δάκρυονtearAccusativedirect objectδάκρυον: 'tear'; the last grief removed (Isa 25:8; Rev 21:4).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesGenitiveobject of ἐκ (separation)ὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; from which the tears are wiped.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession